| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
-
Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(author)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
-
In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 5. |
- Bäckman, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Vårdens alltför svåra val? : kartläggning av prioriteringsarbete och analys av riksdagens principer och riktlinjer för prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- PrioriteringsCentrum har på uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen genomfört en kartläggning av på vilket sätt hälso- och sjukvårdens huvudmän och andra centrala aktörer arbetar med prioriteringar och har utvärderat hur detta arbete överensstämmer med intentionerna i riksdagens beslut om prioriteringar. Vi har även analyserat innehållet i och tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för prioriteringar i hälso- och sjukvården. Det har skett genom en etisk analys och mot bakgrund av ett stort antal intervjuer i landsting och kommuner samt med representanter för statliga myndigheter och yrkesorganisationer och med ledning av vad som framkommit i tidigare uppföljningar. Vi föreslår i rapporten ett anta förändringar och förtydliganden av riktlinjerna.Vi kan konstatera att sättet att arbeta med prioriteringar i landsting och kommuner inte är helt olikt det som gällde när Prioriteringsdelegationen redovisade en motsvarande uppföljning år 2001. Fortfarande finns knappast några öppna beslut om fördelning och prioritering av resurser om man med öppenhet avser att beslutsfattaren medvetet överväger flera alternativ och att grunderna för besluten är kända för dem som önskar ta del av dem.I situationer då tillgängliga resurser inte befinner sig i paritet med önskvärda ambitioner får sjukvårdspersonalen ta det största ansvaret för att besluta om och genomföra ransonering av vården. Förutom på chefsnivå tycks dock sjukvårdpersonal fortfarande i liten utsträckning vara medveten om de etiska principer som enligt riksdagsbeslutet ska styra prioriteringar i vården. Få känner till den etiska plattformen med de tre etiska principerna. Lokala mallar eller styrdokument för prioriteringar är ovanliga. Det saknas nödvändiga förutsättningar för att tillämpa riksdagens prioriteringsbeslut och det finns inte heller några tydliga strategier för hur man vill skapa sådana förutsättningar inom landstingen.Den kommunala vård- och omsorgsverksamheten upplever sig fortfarande i ringa utsträckning berörd av den etiska plattformen och prioriteringsprinciperna. Någon gemensam prioritering mellan huvudmännen sker knappast alls.Medborgarna är i mycket liten utsträckning involverade i prioriteringsarbetet. Den ökade öppenheten gentemot brukare innebär oftast att viss information om prioriteringar sker genom traditionella kanaler som patientorganisationer, pensionärsråd och handikappråd och synpunkter inhämtas via allmänna patientenkäter medan klagomål hanteras genom patientnämnder.Vi har också funnit tydliga skillnader när det gäller hur arbetet med prioriteringar bedrivs idag jämfört med för sex år sedan. Genom Socialstyrelsen och Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden har staten tagit ledningen när det gäller att visa hur prioriteringar kan göras på ett systematiskt och öppet sätt. Detta arbete har resulterat i en tydlig metodutveckling. Idag finns det dessutom flera exempel på konkret utvecklingsarbete och samverkan mellan huvudmän kring det vidare begreppet kunskapsstyrd vård till vilket systematiska prioriteringar är starkt relaterat. Vi kan också notera olika initiativ till vertikala prioriteringar i verksamheten där det framförallt är läkarkåren som engagerat sig; men också enstaka försök med systematiska politiska prioriteringar. Det finns dessutom flera lovande utvecklingsprojekt rörande prioriteringar som initierats av och drivs av sjukvårdspersonal både lokalt och nationellt. Yrkesförbunden är också mer aktiva idag när det gäller att sprida kunskap om prioriteringar....
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| 6. |
- Dordlofva, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Arrangement for Frequency Planning in Cellular Systems
- 1999
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Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The invention relates to an arrangement for frequency planning in cellular systems using a mix of wide and narrow antenna beams. The arrangement employs a dual frequency reuse for the respective wide and narrow antenna beams. According to the invention, a first frequency group is allocated to a cluster with a reuse distance sufficient for narrow beam channels and a second frequency group is allocated to a larger cluster with a reuse distance sufficent for wide beam channels. The second frequency group is a subdivision of and contained in the first frequency group. The second frequency group is the only frequency group available for wide beam channels, while all the frequencies of the two groups are available for the narrow beams channels. Generally, the wide beams are used for control channels and the narrow beams are used for traffic channels. A frequency planning in accordance with the invention makes it possible to use narrow beam traffic channels more efficiently compared to known state of the art methods which results in improved trunking efficiency.
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| 7. |
- Görür, Yunus Can, et al.
(author)
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Advanced Characterization of Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers and Their Use in Tunable Filters
- 2021
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:27, s. 32467-32478
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thorough characterization and fundamental understanding of cellulose fibers can help us develop new, sustainable material streams and advanced functional materials. As an emerging nanomaterial, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have high specific surface area and good mechanical properties; however, handling and processing challenges have limited their widespread use. This work reports an in-depth characterization of self-fibrillating cellulose fibers (SFFs) and their use in smart, responsive filters capable of regulating flow and retaining nanoscale particles. By combining direct and indirect characterization methods with polyelectrolyte swelling theories, it was shown that introduction of charges and decreased supramolecular order in the fiber wall were responsible for the exceptional swelling and nanofibrillation of SFFs. Different microscopy techniques were used to visualize the swelling of SFFs before, during, and after nanofibrillation. Through filtration and pH adjustment, smart filters prepared via in situ nanofibrillation showed an ability to regulate the flow rate through the filter and a capacity of retaining 95% of 300 nm (diameter) silica nanoparticles. This exceptionally rapid and efficient approach for making smart filters directly addresses the challenges associated with dewatering of CNFs and bridges the gap between science and technology, making the widespread use of CNFs in high-performance materials a not-so-distant reality.
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| 8. |
- Izumrudov, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Factors Controlling Phase Separation in Water-Salt Solutions of DNA and Polycations.
- 2003
-
In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 19:11, s. 4733-4739
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Factors affecting phase separation in water-salt solutions of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), formed by DNA and integral or pendant polycations with a quaternary amino group in every monomer unit, have been studied. When no salt was added, quantitative DNA precipitation occurred at a stoichiometric charge ratio, = [+]/[-] 1. In DNA mixtures with poly(N,N'-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC, a pendant polycation), insoluble PECs formed in the range 0.7 < < 2. This suggests the formation of soluble, negatively charged PECs at 0 < < 0.7 and soluble, positively charged PECs at > 2. For different aliphatic ionene bromides (integral polycations), the range of corresponding to insoluble PECs was significantly broader, mainly due to the poor ability of the ionenes to form soluble, positively charged PECs. The range was also relatively broad for poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (a pendant polycation) and became broader with decreasing degree of polymerization of the polycation. The formation of insoluble PECs was favored by the addition of salt (NaCl), and the effect was more pronounced when decreasing the relative content of the solubilizing component, i.e., the nucleic acid at < 1 and the polycation at > 1. At moderate ionic strength, 0.12 M < [NaCl] < 0.6 M, quantitative precipitation of DNA was attained by addition of PDMAAC in the whole region studied: 1 < < 4.5. The data obtained strongly suggest that phase separation in solutions of DNA-containing PECs follows general rules revealed by studying PECs formed by flexible vinyl polyanions. However, the high rigidity of the DNA double helix appears to be responsible for the key feature revealed in the phase diagrams, i.e., significant broadening of the region for insoluble PECs at the expense of the region in which soluble DNA-containing PECs are formed. This feature may severely limit the application of DNA-containing PECs in medicine and biology but could be beneficial in the development of simple and effective procedures for DNA separation in biotechnology.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
-
DigiTrust – Ett tvärvetenskapligt projekt
- 2014
-
In: DigiTrust: Tillit i det digitala. Tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv från ett forskningsprojekt. - 9789197989367 ; , s. 7-13
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Detta är introduktionskapitet till rapporten "DigiTrust: Tillit i det digitala. Tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv från ett forskningsprojekt", där forskargruppsledarna beskriver grunderna för projektet.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Tillit i det digitala samhället – en kartläggning
- 2014
-
In: DigiTrust: Tillit i det digitala. Tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv från ett forskningsprojekt. - 9789197989367 ; , s. 21-40
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Det här kapitlet redovisar resultat från den enkätstudie om tillit i det digitala samhället som genomfördes i DigiTrustprojektet i januari, 2014. Den internetbaserade enkätstudien innehöll 1118 svenska respondenter med en jämn fördelning avseende kön och ålder. Enkäten omfattade ca 35 frågor som i huvudsak kunde sorteras under någon av följande fem kategorier: 1) Övervakning, 2) Bank 3) Hälsa, 4) Arbetsliv, och 5) Medier.
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| 11. |
- Rosén, Tomas, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Cross-Sections of Nanocellulose from Wood Analyzed by Quantized Polydispersity of Elementary Microfibrils
- 2020
-
In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 14:12, s. 16743-16754
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bio-based nanocellulose has been shown to possess impressive mechanical properties and simplicity for chemical modifications. The chemical properties are largely influenced by the surface area and functionality of the nanoscale materials. However, finding the typical cross-sections of nanocellulose, such as cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), has been a long-standing puzzle, where subtle changes in extraction methods seem to yield different shapes and dimensions. Here, we extracted CNFs from wood with two different oxidation methods and variations in degree of oxidation and high-pressure homogenization. The cross-sections of CNFs were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction in dispersed and freeze-dried states, respectively, where the results were analyzed by assuming that the cross-sectional distribution was quantized with an 18-chain elementary microfibril, the building block of the cell wall. We find that the results agree well with a pseudosquare unit having a size of about 2.4 nm regardless of sample, while the aggregate level strongly depends on the extraction conditions. Furthermore, we find that aggregates have a preferred cohesion of phase boundaries parallel to the (110)-plane of the cellulose fibril, leading to a ribbon shape on average.
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| 12. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Precautionary defaults - A new strategy for chemical risk management
- 2004
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In: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-7039 .- 1549-7860. ; 10, s. 1-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to give adequate support to risk managers, new risk assessment methods should be developed that are (1) scientifically sound, (2) simplified, and (3) suited for precautionary risk management. In this Perspective we propose that the notion of a precautionary default can be a useful tool in the development of such methods. A precautionary default is a cautious or pessimistic assumption that is used in the absence of adequate information and that should be replaced when such information is obtained. Furthermore, we point out some promising research areas for the development of such indicators, viz. connections between chemical characteristics such as persistence and effect parameters, monitoring of contaminants in polar regions, monitoring of contaminants in breast milk, application of results from (human) toxicology in ecotoxicology and vice versa, (eco) toxicological test systems that are sensitive to effects on reproduction, and the application of bioinformatic methods to complex data, both in genomic research and in ecotoxicology. We conclude that precautionary decision-making does not require less science, but to the contrary it requires more science and improved communication between scientists and risk managers.
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| 13. |
- Wahlund, Per-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Phase Separations in Water-Salt Solutions of Polyelectrolyte Complexes Formed by RNA and Polycations: Comparison with DNA Complexes.
- 2003
-
In: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : Wiley. - 1616-5195 .- 1616-5187. ; 3:8, s. 404-411
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Formation of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) between RNA and polycations was followed by measuring the residual RNA absorbance in the solution after separation of the precipitate. The polycations studied were poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride (pendant type) and 2,5-ionene bromide (integral type) with quaternary amino groups in every monomer unit. The data obtained were compared with the results of analogous studies of DNA-containing PECs. This study is a part of a project aimed at the specific separation of plasmid DNA from RNA, a major problem in the preparative isolation of plasmid DNA. We thus deliberately chose a heterogenous RNA sample as it represents the RNA present in a real cell extract. In contrast to the exhaustive precipitation of DNA observed at certain values, a significant part of RNA was nonprecipitated at any = [+]/[-], that is, at any ratio of positively charged quaternary amino groups and negatively charged phosphate groups. The addition of sodium chloride increased the nonprecipitated fraction of RNA. DNA, on the other hand, was completely precipitated by both polycations at > 0.7. The less effective precipitation of RNA was probably due to the presence of a considerable fraction of short-chained molecules, incapable of forming a sufficient cooperative system of salt bonds with the polycation. This assumption was supported by a separate experiment, in which the precipitation behavior of RNA fractions of different molecular masses was investigated. The same tendency, while less pronounced, was also ascertained for PECs formed by polycations with DNA fractions of different molecular masses. The possibility of using the revealed differences between DNA and RNA behavior for effective precipitation procedure useful in bioseparation is discussed. The difference in the precipitation behavior of nucleic acids of different molecular masses means there is a possibility for developing an enzymatic assay for DNAase and RNAase activity.
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| 14. |
- Wahlund, Per-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Polyelectrolyte complexes as a tool for purification of plasmid DNA background and development
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-376X .- 1570-0232. ; 807:1, s. 121-127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The demand for highly purified plasmids in gene therapy and plasmid-based vaccines requires large-scale production of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid. Plasmid DNA was selectively precipitated from a clarified alkaline lysate using the polycation poly(N,N'-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride which formed insoluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with the plasmid DNA. Soluble PECs of DNA with polycations have earlier been used for cell transformation, but now the focus has been on insoluble PECs. Both DNA and RNA form stable PECs with synthetic polycations. However, it was possible to find a range of salt concentration where plasmid DNA was quantitatively precipitated whereas RNA remained in solution. The precipitated plasmid DNA was resolubilised at high salt concentration and the polycation was removed by gel-filtration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Wahlund, Per-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Precipitation by polycation as capture step in purification of plasmid DNA from a clarified lysate
- 2004
-
In: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 87:5, s. 675-684
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The demand for highly purified plasmids in gene therapy and plasmid-based vaccines requires large-scale production of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid. Large-scale purification of plasmid DNA from bacterial cell culture normally includes one or several chromatographic steps. Prechromatographic steps include precipitation with solvents, salts, and polymers combined with enzymatic degradation of nucleic acids. No method alone has so far been able to selectively capture plasmid DNA directly from a clarified alkaline lysate. We present a method for selective precipitation of plasmid DNA from a clarified alkaline lysate using polycation poly(N,N'-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride (PDMDAAC). The specific interaction between the polycation and the plasmid DNA resulted in the formation of a stoichiometric insoluble complex. Efficient removal of contaminants such as RNA, by far the major contaminant in a clarified lysate, and proteins as well as 20-fold plasmid concentration has been obtained with about 80% recovery. The method utilizes a inexpensive, commercially available polymer and thus provides a capture step suitable for large-scale production. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 16. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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In: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 17. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of pulp with high enzymatic hydrolyzability
- 2014
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In: 13th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP 2014) book of abstracts.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Conversion of biomass to biofuels is currently an area that attracts large interest, and lignocellulosic biomass offers the abundance and environmental attributes that can potentially support large-scale biofuel production as an alternative to petroleum-based transportation fuel.In a recent project, Innventia has developed wood based pulps optimized for conversion to biofuels. These novel pulps were produced to target a high level of enzymatic hydrolyzability. To assess the hydrolyzability of these pulps, a laboratory protocol has been established usingan enzyme mixture containing Celluclast 1.5L and Novozyme 188 with an activity of 10 FPU/g pulp (Andersen 2007). Results obtained using this protocol are assumed to be relevant for industrial conditions. In addition to assessment of the produced pulps, the results havebeen compared to commercial cellulose substrates and pulps of a variety of grades.Furthermore, supramolecular properties – specific surface area and average pore size – were determined by an in-house method utilizing solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (Larsson et al. 2013). Kappa numbers, limiting viscosities, ISO-brightness and carbohydrate compositions were determined using standard methods. Molecular mass distributions of cellulose tricarbanilates were determined by size exclusion chromatography with tetrahydrofuran mobile phase (Drechsler et al. 2000).The presentation will discuss the influence of chemical, macromolecular and supramolecular properties of commercial and novel pulp grades on the enzymatic hydrolyzability. Theprotocol used to assess of enzymatic hydrolyzability will be proposed as a benchmark test.
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| 18. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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The supramolecular structure of cellulose-rich wood and wheat straw pulps can be a determinative factor for enzymatic hydrolysability
- 2016
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In: The 7th Workshop on cellulose, regenerated cellulose and cellulose derivatives. ; , s. 39-39
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Conversion of biomass to biofuels and other products is a research area that is currently attracting a great amount of interest, particularly because such production may be envisaged as a key part of any bio-based economy. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and sustainable, and can therefore potentially support large-scale production of biofuel as an alternative to petroleum-based fuel.The enzymatic hydrolysability of three industrial pulps, five lab made pulps, and one microcrystalline cellulose powder was assessed using commercial cellulolytic enzymes. To gain insight into the factors that influence the hydrolysability, a thorough characterization of the samples was done, including their chemical properties (cellulose content, hemicellulose content, lignin content, and kappa number), their macromolecular properties (peak molar mass, number-average molar mass, weight-average molar mass, polydispersity, and limiting viscosity) and their supramolecular properties (fibre saturation point, specific surface area, average pore size, and crystallinity). The hydrolysability was assessed by determination of initial conversion rate and final conversion yield, with conversion yield defined as the amount of glucose in solution per unit of glucose in the substrate. Multivariate data analysis revealed that for the investigated samples the conversion of cellulose to glucose was mainly dependent on the supramolecular properties, such as specific surface area and average pore size. The molar mass distribution, the crystallinity, and the lignin content of the pulps had no significant effect on the hydrolysability of the investigated samples.In addition, experiments were carried out aiming at identifying suitable conditions for pre-treatment of wheat straw, for the purpose of making cellulose rich pulps with improved enzymatic reactivity. Two sets of conditions for pre-treatment of wheat straw were identified; a combination of low temperature alkaline washing and acid pre-hydrolysis, or high temperature acid pre-hydrolysis. Both bleached wheat straw pulps showed similar enzymatic reactivity. However, the enzymatic reactivity of both bleached wheat straw pulps was found to be significantly less than what has been achieved for wood pulps. A probable explanation for the low enzymatic reactivity of the bleached wheat straw pulp can be the small pore size, limiting the access for enzymes to the cellulose surfaces in the fibre wall interior.Text, figures and tables in an extended abstract (< 4 pages with title and references).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersén, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Predictors of self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 38:4, s. 320-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Self-efficacy has been shown to be related to sick leave and to be a predictor of return to work after sickness absence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors related to sick leave predict self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave because of pain and/or mental illness. This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from 337 Swedish women with pain and/or mental illness. All included women took part in vocational rehabilitation. Data were collected through a sick leave register and a baseline questionnaire. General self-efficacy, sociodemographics, self-rated health, anxiety, depression, view of the future, and social support were measured and analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The full multivariate linear regression model, which included mental health factors together with all measured factors, showed that anxiety and depression were the only predictive factors of lower self-efficacy (adjusted R-2 = 0.46, P < 0.001) and explained 46% of the variance in self-efficacy. The mean scores of general self-efficacy were low, especially in women born abroad, those with low motivation, those with uncertainties about returning to work, and women reporting distrust. Anxiety and depression are important factors to consider when targeting self-efficacy in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 21. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave : A Randomised Controlled Trial
- 2018
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In: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 28:4, s. 691-700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group. Data were collected through repeated measurements from self-reported questionnaires before intervention, 6 and 12 months later and registry data. Data from measurements of general self-efficacy, sociodemographics, anxiety and depression were analysed with linear regression analyses. Results During the intervention period, the women in the TEAM group’s self-efficacy mean increased from 2.29 to 2.74. The adjusted linear regression model, which included group allocation, sociodemographics, self-efficacy pre-treatment, anxiety and depression showed increased self-efficacy for those in the TEAM intervention at 12 months (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41). ACT intervention had no effect on self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.19). The results in the adjusted model also showed that higher self-efficacy at pre-treatment was associated with a higher level of self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.81). Conclusion A multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention increased self-efficacy in women on sick leave for an extremely long time (mean 7.8 years) who had a low mean level of self-efficacy prior to inclusion. Thus, self-efficacy needs to be addressed in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Daniel C., et al.
(author)
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A Numerical Study of Material Parameter Sensitivity in the Production of Hard Metal Components Using Powder Compaction
- 2014
-
In: Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9495 .- 1544-1024. ; 23:6, s. 2199-2208
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modeling of hard metal powder inserts is analyzed based on a continuum mechanics approach. In particular, one commonly used cutting insert geometry is studied. For a given advanced constitutive description of the powder material, the material parameter space required to accurately model the mechanical behavior is determined. These findings are then compared with the corresponding parameter space that can possibly be determined from a combined numerical/experimental analysis of uniaxial die powder compaction utilizing inverse modeling. The analysis is pertinent to a particular WC/Co powder and the finite element method is used in the numerical investigations of the mechanical behavior of the cutting insert.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Daniel C., et al.
(author)
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On the influence from punch geometry on the stress distribution at powder compaction
- 2010
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In: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 202:1-3, s. 78-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A numerical analysis, using the finite element method, of the mechanical behavior at powder compaction at higher densities was performed. In this investigation the material behavior is modeled using an advanced macroscopic constitutive description initially presented by Brandt and Nilsson [1]. This material model, like many other models describing powder compaction at higher densities, includes a large number of constitutive parameters and as a result, a complete material characterization is a difficult task to perform or at least requires a large number of different experiments. A remedy to this problem is to apply inverse modeling, i.e. optimization, for determination of relevant material properties from comparatively simple experiments. It is then of course important, in order to achieve high accuracy results from the optimization procedure, that the stress fields produced during the experiments involves high gradients of stress. Adhering to simple uniaxial die compaction experiments the main parameter that can be used in order to achieve such a feature is the geometry of the punch used for load application. In the present investigation a number of punch profiles are studied and it is found that a skewed punch geometry is the most appropriate one to be used for experimental die compaction aiming at a constitutive description of the powder material based on inverse modeling. The main efforts are devoted towards an analysis based on the previously mentioned material model by Brandt and Nilsson [1] but also relevant results for another type of constitutive model will be presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Andersson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Inverse modeling for parameter determination when using advanced material models to describe powder compaction
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the World Powder Metallurgy Congress and Exhibition, World PM 2010. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association. - 9781899072194 ; , s. 77-84
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to decrease the amount of experimental work at material characterization of powder mixtures, optimization procedures are often used. In the present study, characterization of WC/Co powders described by an advanced plasticity model is at issue. In particular, uniaxial die compaction is analyzed numerically in order to determine the correlation between material parameters, scalar and functional, and measurable information from experiments. Such information include radial (contact) pressure between powder and die walls, press force as function of indentation depth and frictional effects between powder and die walls. The commercial finite element solver LS-Dyna and the optimization module LS-OPT are used in the present investigation.
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