| 1. |
- Hansson, Lina S., 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
The walking sick : what predicts the detection of walking sick individuals?
- 2022
-
In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 106, s. 36-36
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Methods: In two studies, raters watched video recordings and point-light displays (i.e. dots depicting the body joints) of walking individuals who were either experimentally sick (after injection with lipopolysaccharide at 2.0 ng/kg bw) or healthy (after a placebo injection). In study 1, 106 raters classified each walking individual as either sick or healthy. In study 2, 106 other raters graded health of the stimuli on a visual analogue scale. We assessed the predicting effect on sickness detection (study 1) and apparent health (study 2) of walking parameters (objective measures of stride length, width, time, as well as knee angle, arm angle, and head angle) and well-known sickness responses (Sickness Questionnaire score, pain intensity, body temperature, and interleukin-6 concentration).Results: In study 1, shorter steps was the only predictor of the detection of sick individuals from video recordings (β=0.712(0.257), p=0.02). In the point-light displays, slower, wider, stiffer and shorter steps, all predicted a better sickness detection (β=0.0003(0.0001)-0.415(0.126), p<0.05).In study 2, lipopolysaccharide-induced slower, shorter and stiffer steps (B=5.214(1.888)-6.385(2.083), p<0.01), as well as higher interleukin-6 concentrations (B=0.051(0.020), p=0.01), predicted worse health ratings of sick individuals in the video recordings. In the point-light displays, lipopolysaccharide-induced slower, shorter and stiffer steps, and more head tilting, predicted worse health ratings of sick individuals (B=4.185(1.892)-6.701(2.092), p<0.05).Conclusions: The results imply that specific changes in walking parameters may aid in sickness detection, possibly regulating approach-avoidance behaviors towards sick peers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andreasson, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing sickness behavior in the French : Validation of the French translation of the sickness questionnaire (SicknessQ) in a non-clinical French population
- 2023
-
In: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health. - 2666-3546. ; 34
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) is a questionnaire developed to assess symptoms of sickness behavior, including somatic, behavioral, and affective dimensions. To promote cross-cultural assessments of sickness behavior, we aim to expand the use of this questionnaire to other populations and languages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the French translation of SicknessQ in a French-speaking general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and thirty-nine individuals completed the SicknessQ online, along with the construct criteria measures of self-rated health, state anxiety (STAI-S), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). The principal component analyses revealed two components: the first component included seven items concerning mood, motivation and experiences of fatigue and pain; the second component included three items concerning somatic sickness symptoms. Higher scores on the total scale and the two component subscales were associated with poorer self-rated health and higher STAI-S and PHQ-9 scores. Since the associations with construct criteria variables were relatively similar between the single- and the two-dimensional solutions, both the total scale and the subscales of the two components of the French SicknessQ can be used in future studies to measure sickness behavior in French-speaking populations.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hansson, Lina S., et al.
(author)
-
The walking sick : Perception of experimental sickness from biological motion
- 2023
-
In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 113, s. 319-327
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identification of sick conspecifics allows for avoidance of infectious threats, and is therefore an important behavioral defense against diseases. Here, we investigated if humans can identify sick individuals solely from biological motion and posture (using point-light displays). Additionally, we sought to determine which movements and sickness parameters would predict such detection. We collected video clips and derived point-light displays (one stride presented in a loop) of sick walkers (injected with lipopolysaccharide at 2.0 ng/kg body weight) and the same walkers when healthy (injected with saline). We then presented these displays to two groups, one group classified each walker as sick or healthy (study 1, n = 106), and the other group scored the walkers’ health on a visual analogue scale (study 2, n = 106). The raters were able to identify sick individuals above chance, and rated sick walkers as having worse health, both from observing video clips and point-light displays. Furthermore, both sickness detection and worse apparent health were predicted by inflammation-induced increase in rigidity and slower walking, but not other cues. Altogether, these findings indicate that biological motion can serve as a sickness cue, possibly allowing humans to identify sick conspecifics from a distance, and thereby allowing for disease avoidance.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lasselin, Julie, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Advantages and methodological considerations of experimental endotoxemia in humans : Towards a standardized procedure for its application in PNI
- 2021
-
In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 98, s. 28-29
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental endotoxemia is now recognized as a highly useful tool to better understand inflammation-induced behavioral changes and their underlying mechanisms. Advantages of this model include the ability to assess the causal effects of inflammatory mediators in a safe and highly controlled context, to assess the homeostatic (regulatory) response to inflammatory mediators within a relatively short time frame, as well as to translate findings between animals and humans. Various groups have used this model in humans, leading to variations in experimental procedures that likely affect the studied outcomes. As the use of experimental endotoxemia develops, there is a need of a standardization of the procedure to make the best use of this model in PNI. The participants in this discussion group are all leaders in the use of the model of experimental endotoxemia in humans in PNI, and will discuss the advantages, limitations, clinical relevance, and methodological considerations of this model. This discussion is intended as a first step towards developing common and optimized procedures for the use of this model across PNI groups.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lasselin, Julie, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Guest Editorial: The inner immune voice : Can we explicitly sense antibody response to Covid-19 vaccination?
- 2023
-
In: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 182
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Interoception refers to the sensing, interpreting, and integration of signals coming from the body (i.e., interoceptive signals) by the nervous system (Allen, 2020, Khalsa et al., 2018). Alterations in the processing of interoceptive signals is believed to significantly play a role in the development of mental health conditions (Barrett, 2017, Khalsa et al., 2018), and the methodology for human interoception research is expanding (Garfinkel et al., 2022). Investigations in the field have mostly been restricted to the domain of cardiovascular signals, as well as to the respiratory and gastrointestinal axes (Benson et al., 2012, Garfinkel et al., 2016, Khalsa and Lapidus, 2016). The reason is most likely that humans' appraisal of the status of these signals are commonly explicit and frequently occurring, and due to the fact that the assessment of perceptual alterations in interoceptive awareness (i.e., interoceptive attention, accuracy, intensity, sensibility, and insight) of these signals is convenient. There is less consensus regarding whether other types of bodily signals, such as the status of other organs or various hormonal levels, are reachable in an explicit manner. The study by Dimitroff et al. (2023) suggests, for the first time, that we humans can perhaps explicitly estimate our actual immune response.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lasselin, Julie, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Inflammation-related gait- Analysis of biological motion using the Microsoft® Kinect® during experimentally-induced sickness
- 2017
-
In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biological motion is a powerful communication cue and we have recently shown that sickness can be detected from gait pattern. However, it is unclear which gait characteristics are modulated by health status and whether change in gait pattern relates to inflammation and to the degree of sickness. The current study aimed at answering these questions by assessing biological motion characteristics in 19 individuals during experimentally-induced sickness, obtained by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg bw), and after placebo administration. Joint 3-D coordinates were recorded using the Microsoft® Kinect® during a walking paradigm and a mobility test (time-up-and-go test). Results indicate that gait during experimentally-induced sickness is characterized by slower and shorter strides, resulting in slower walking speed, as well as a slower time to stand up from a chair. In addition, sick subjects appear to swing their arms and to lift their legs less than when healthy, as reflected by smaller elbow angle during arm extension and larger knee angle during leg flexion compared to the placebo condition. Alterations in the overall gait pattern during experimentally-induced sickness was associated with interleukin-6 peak concentrations and a trend was observed with sickness symptoms. Altogether, these findings suggest that gait pattern might signal sickness/inflammatory status and could be used as an objective assessment of sickness, as well as to determine evolution of health status in individuals over time.
|
|
| 7. |
- Pick, C. M., et al.
(author)
-
Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
- 2022
-
In: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 43:6, s. 527-535
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
|
|
| 8. |
- Pick, Cari M., et al.
(author)
-
Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
- 2022
-
In: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Raizen, David M., et al.
(author)
-
Beyond the symptom : the biology of fatigue
- 2023
-
In: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 46:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A workshop titled “Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue” was held virtually September 27–28, 2021. It was jointly organized by the Sleep Research Society and the Neurobiology of Fatigue Working Group of the NIH Blueprint Neuroscience Research Program. For access to the presentations and video recordings, see: https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/about/event/beyond-symptom-biology-fatigue.The goals of this workshop were to bring together clinicians and scientists who use a variety of research approaches to understand fatigue in multiple conditions and to identify key gaps in our understanding of the biology of fatigue. This workshop summary distills key issues discussed in this workshop and provides a list of promising directions for future research on this topic. We do not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the state of our understanding of fatigue, nor to provide a comprehensive reprise of the many excellent presentations. Rather, our goal is to highlight key advances and to focus on questions and future approaches to answering them.
|
|
| 10. |
- Tognetti, Arnaud, et al.
(author)
-
Olfactory Cues of Naturally Occurring Systemic Inflammation : A Pilot Study of Seasonal Allergy
- 2023
-
In: Neuroimmunomodulation. - : S. Karger. - 1021-7401 .- 1423-0216. ; 30:1, s. 338-345
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: In an attempt to avoid contact with infectious individuals, humans likely respond to generalized rather than specific markers of disease. Humans may thus perceive a noninfectious individual as socially less attractive if they look (e.g., have facial discolouration), move (e.g., have a slower walking pace), or sound (e.g., sneeze) sick. This pilot study tested whether humans are averse to the body odour of noninfectious individuals with a low-grade systemic inflammation. Methods: We collected the axillary body odour of individuals with severe seasonal allergy (N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 10) during and outside the allergy season and measured serum levels of two inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-5). Independent participants (N = 67) then sampled and rated these odours on intensity and pleasantness. Results: While individuals with seasonal allergy had nominally more unpleasant and intense body odours during the allergy season, relative to outside the allergy season and to healthy controls, these effects were not significant. When examining immune markers, the change in perceived pleasantness of an individual’s body odour (from out-to-inside pollen season) was significantly related to the change in their interleukin-5 levels but not to tumour necrosis factor-α. Discussion: Our findings tentatively suggest that the human olfactory system could be sensitive to inflammation as present in a noncommunicable condition. Larger replications are required to determine the role of olfaction in the perception of infectious and noninfectious (e.g., chronic diseases) conditions.
|
|
