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- Bruneau, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification
- 2024
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In: PhytoKeys. - Sofia : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-2011 .- 1314-2003. ; 240, s. 1-552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5-22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Cera-tonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42-43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.
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2. |
- Ferm, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny of the Neotropical legume genera Zygia and Marmaroxylon and close relatives
- 2019
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In: Taxon. - : International Association for Plant Taxonomy. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 68:4, s. 661-672
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Neotropical legume genera Zygia and Marmaroxylon have traditionally been considered closely related and are sometimes treated as congeners. They have been referred to the mimosoid tribe Ingeae based on their possession of flowers with basally fused stamen filaments. However, their systematic status and position have not been analysed in a phylogenetic context. This study provides the first molecular phylogeny of Zygia and Marmaroxylon and closely related mimosoid legume genera, particularly from the tribe Ingeae. DNA sequence data were derived from the nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and from the chloroplast psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF regions, and were analysed using Bayesian inference. In all, 29 species of Zygia and 7 species of Marmaroxylon were included in the study along with representative species from the closely related genera Abarema, Acacia s.str., Archidendropsis, Calliandra, Chloroleucon, Cojoba, Faidherbia, Havardia, Hydrochorea, Inga, Leucochloron, Macrosamanea, Pithecellobium, Pseudosamanea, Samanea, Senegalia, Vachellia and Zapoteca. The results show that neither Zygia nor Marmaroxylon are monophyletic as presently circumscribed. Furthermore, these two genera are not monophyletic together. None of the nine presently recognized sections of Zygia that contain more than one species are shown to be monophyletic. Two of the monospecific sections of Zygia, sect. Ingopsis (Z. inundata) and sect. Pseudocojoba (Z. sabatieri), were found in a clade together with species of Inga. Marmaroxylon ocumarense and M. magdalenae, previously treated as synonyms (as Zygia), are not conspecific, and are found in a clade with Macrosamanea and in a clade with species of Abarema and Hydrochorea, respectively. Our results also show the Inga alliance to be non-monophyletic. In correspondence with the results presented, all species referred to Marmaroxylon, except for M. ocumarense and M. magdalenae, are here included in Zygia, and Z. inundata is treated in Inga, in which genus it was first described.
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4. |
- Phillipson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Leguminosae (Fabaceae), legumes
- 2022
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In: The New Natural History of Madagascar. - : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 - 9780691229409 ; , s. 598-617
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Leguminosae, or Fabaceae as it is alternatively known, is the world’s third largest flowering plant family: it includes close to 20,000 species spread across ~800 currently recognized genera (LPWG 2017; Angiosperm Phylogeny Website 2019; G. P. Lewis, unpublished data). The family is extremely diverse, ranging from small annual species to shrubs, lianas, and some of the largest trees on the planet, and its members occur in both humid and dry regions in both tropical and temperate parts of the world. The family is an important source of food plants, notably peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas, peanuts, and soya, as well...
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5. |
- Ståhl, Bertil, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Leguminosae : key to genera
- 2015
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In: Flora of Ecuador. - Göteborg : Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg. - 0347-8742. ; :92, s. 1-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key to all genera of Leguminosae occurring in or expected to occur in Ecuador is presented along with short descriptions of all genera, including information on morphology, ecology, diversity and distribution. A total of 147 genera are treated, nine of which are expected but not yet recorded from Ecuador. The treatment includes 21 genera that in their entirety include species introduced to Ecuador, chiefly as ornamentals, animal forage or crop plants. The most species rich genera are Inga (75 spp.), Senna (40 spp.), Acacia (23 spp., including Senegalia and Vachellia), Lupinus (22 spp.), Mimosa (21 spp.), Desmodium (20 spp.), and Swartzia (17 spp.). Most genera recorded from Ecuador are illustrated with colour photos of selected species.
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6. |
- Ståhl, Bertil, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Zygia nubigena sp. nov. (Leguminosae–Mimosoideae) from a submontane cloud forest in western Ecuador
- 2010
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In: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 28:4, s. 453-456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new species, Zygia nubigena Ståhl, L. Rico & G. P. Lewis (Leguminosae–Mimosoideae), is described from western Ecuador. It is characterized by large and very thick-walled fruits with coarsely alveolate-reticulate surfaces, spicate inflorescences, one (less common) or two pairs of pinnae per leaf and 4 or 5 pairs of petiolulate leaflets per pinna. In leaf features, Z. nubigena is similar to Z. steyermarkii (Schery) Barneby & J. W. Grimes from montane forest in southern Ecuador, but differs by having somewhat smaller flowers borne in long, many-flowered racemes (not 25–30-flowered capitulae). The fruits of Z. nubigena resemble those of Z. rhytidocarpa L. Rico (Honduras, Guatemala) and Z. megistocarpa (Barbosa) L. Rico (northern Peru), but Z. nubigena differs from both in vegetative and floral characters.
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7. |
- Zuntini, Alexandre R., et al.
(author)
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Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms
- 2024
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In: NATURE. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 629, s. 843-850
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods(1,2). A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome(3,4). Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins(5-7). However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes(8). This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies(9) provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade.
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