| 1. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(author)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Nie, Wei, et al.
(author)
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NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - Malmö : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 – 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO2 loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization.These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO2-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the preindustrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.
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| 4. |
- Yang, Xigui, et al.
(author)
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Polarized Raman study of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes arrays under high pressure
- 2015
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:49, s. 27759-27767
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tuning the intertube interaction and the topological structure of carbon nanotubes by the application of pressure may obviously affect their properties such as optical and electronic properties. However, characterizing such changes is still challenging. Here, we performed polarized Raman scattering studies on aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays (MWNTAs). Unlike researchers from the previous literature, we found that the MWNTAs exhibit a polarization dependence similar to that of isolated single walled carbon nanotubes at ambient conditions. Upon compression, the polarization dependence weakens gradually with increasing pressure up to ∼20 GPa, which has been discussed in terms of pressure-induced enhancement of intertube interactions. At around 20 GPa, the depolarization effect vanishes, which can be explained by the formation of interlinked sp3 bonding in the MWNTAs. Our results show that polarized Raman spectroscopy is an efficient method to explore not only intertube interaction but also structural transition changes in MWNTs, which overcome the difficulty that MWNTs have no obvious fingerprints like those of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the study of structural transformations.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
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Facile preparation of glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters for selective determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in environmental water samples
- 2013
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In: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 770, s. 140-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel method for selective determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental water samples was developed based on target-induced fluorescence quenching of glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs). Fluorescent GSH-Au NCs were synthesized by a one-step approach employing GSH as reducing/protecting reagent. It was found that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) showed pH-dependent fluorescence quenching capabilities for GSH-Au NCs, and thus selective determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be achieved at different pHs. Addition of EDTA was able to effectively eliminate the interferences from other metal ions, leading to a good selectivity for this method. Under optimized conditions, Cr(III) showed a linear range of 25-3800 μg L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5 μg L(-1). The Cr(VI) ion demonstrated a linear range of 5-500 μg L(-1) and LOD of 0.5 μg L(-1). The run-to-run relative standard deviations (n=5) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 3.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The recoveries of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental water samples were also satisfactory (76.3-116%). This method, with its simplicity, low cost, high selectivity and sensitivity, could be used as a promising tool for chromium analysis in environmental water samples.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
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Polychlorinated naphthalenes in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in China
- 2014
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 490, s. 555-560
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were nominated as persistent organic pollutants candidate in the Stockholm Convention in 2011. In this study, the profiles, concentrations and spatial distributions of PCNs were analyzed in 30 sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China. Concentrations of Σ75PCNs in sludge samples were in the range of 1.05-10.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 3.98 ng/g dw. The predominant homologues in the sludge were mono- to tetra-CNs, accounting for approximately 85% of total PCNs. The total toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of dioxin-like PCN congeners ranged from 0.04 to 2.28 pg/g dw with a mean value of 0.36 pg/g dw, which were lower than the maximum permissible TEQ concentrations in sludge for land application in China. Levels of PCNs and TEQs in sludge were relatively higher in samples from highly industrialized and developed cities in eastern China, implying a possible link between PCN contamination and the local economic development, but more studies are warranted to corroborate this. Industrial sources might be important contributors of PCNs to sewage sludge in China.
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| 7. |
- Bao, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
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Condition of setting surge tanks in hydropower plants - A review
- 2018
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In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 81, s. 2059-2070
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydropower plays an important role in the safe, stable and efficient operation of power systems, especially with current trends toward renewable energy systems. The total global potential of gross, technical, economic, and exploitable hydropower are still enormous in the future, and the developments of new hydropower stations (HPSs) are of great importance. For constructions of new HPSs, the condition of setting surge tanks (CSST) is crucial for various perspectives, e.g. safety, stability and economy of HPSs. In this review, the CSST are summarized and analyzed from the three aspects: regulation assurance, operation stability, and the regulation quality, with an aim of providing a reference and guidance for research and engineering applications regarding surge tanks. Upstream and downstream surge tanks in conventional HPSs and pumped storage power stations are all included. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison of CSST under different conditions is conducted. One of the main focuses of this review is on Chinese studies, for introducing many meaningful results written in Chinese to more readers all over the world.
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| 8. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 9. |
- Fadil, Ahmed, et al.
(author)
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Fabrication and improvement of nanopillar InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes using nanosphere lithography
- 2015
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In: Journal of Nanophotonics. - 1934-2608. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surface-patterning technologies have enabled the improvement of currently existing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and can be used to overcome the issue of low quantum efficiency of green GaN-based LEDs. We have applied nanosphere lithography to fabricate nanopillars on InGaN/GaN quantum-well LEDs. By etching through the active region, it is possible to improve both the light extraction efficiency and, in addition, the internal quantum efficiency through the effects of lattice strain relaxation. Nanopillars of different sizes are fabricated and analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. We have shown that nanopillar LEDs can be significantly improved by applying a combination of ion-damage curing techniques, including thermal and acidic treatment, and have analyzed their effects using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
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| 10. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Cold adaptation in drylands: transcriptomic insights into cold-stressed Nostoc flagelliforme and characterization of a hypothetical gene with cold and nitrogen stress tolerance
- 2021
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In: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2920 .- 1462-2912. ; 23:2, s. 713-727
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental stressors, especially low temperature, are very common on the earth's dryland systems. Terrestrial cyanobacteria have evolved with cold adaptability in addition to extreme dryness and high irradiation resistance. The dryland soil surface-dwelling species, Nostoc flagelliforme, serves as a potential model organism to gain insights into cyanobacterial cold adaptation. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of N. flagelliforme samples in response to low temperature. The results revealed that the biological processes, such as terpenoid biosynthetic process, oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, lipid and nitrogen metabolism, were significantly and dynamically changed during the cold stress. It was noteworthy that the transcription of the denitrification pathway for ammonia accumulation was enhanced, implying an importance for nitrogen utilization in stress resistance. In addition, characterization of a cold-responsive hypothetical gene csrnf1 found that it could greatly improve the cold-resistant performance of cells when it was heterologously expressed in transgenic Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. It was also found that csrnf1 transgenic strain exhibited resistance to nitrogen-deficient environmental stress. Considering that dryland cyanobacteria have to cope with low temperature on infertile soils, this study would enrich our understanding on the importance of multifunction of the genes for environmental cold adaptation in drylands.
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| 11. |
- Guo, Peng, et al.
(author)
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Ab initio structure determination of interlayer expanded zeolites by single crystal rotation electron diffraction
- 2014
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 43:27, s. 10593-10601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Layered solids often form thin plate-like crystals that are too small to be studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Although powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is the conventional method for studying such solids, it has limitations because of peak broadening and peak overlapping. We have recently developed a software-based rotation electron diffraction (RED) method for automated collection and processing of 3D electron diffraction data. Here we demonstrate the ab initio structure determination of two interlayer expanded zeolites, the microporous silicates COE-3 and COE-4 (COE-n stands for International Network of Centers of Excellence-n), from submicron-sized crystals by the RED method. COE-3 and COE-4 are built of ferrierite-type layers pillared by (-O-Si(CH3)(2)-O-) and (-O-Si(OH)(2)-O-) linker groups, respectively. The structures contain 2D intersecting 10-ring channels running parallel to the ferrierite layers. Because both COE-3 and COE-4 are electron-beam sensitive, a combination of RED datasets from 2 to 3 different crystals was needed for the structure solution and subsequent structure refinement. The structures were further refined by Rietveld refinement against the PXRD data. The structure models obtained from RED and PXRD were compared.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Li, Zongbao, et al.
(author)
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High throughput trapping and arrangement of biological cells using self-assembled optical tweezer
- 2018
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In: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 26:26, s. 34665-34674
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lately, a fiber-based optical tweezer that traps and arranges the micro/nanoparticles is crucial in practical applications, because such a device can trap the biological samples and drive them to the designated position in a microfluidic system or vessel without harming them. Here, we report a new type of fiber optical tweezer, which can trap and arrange erythrocytes. It is prepared by coating graphene on the cross section of a microfiber. Our results demonstrate that thermal-gradient-induced natural convection flow and thermophoresis can trap the erythrocytes under low incident power, and the optical scattering force can arrange them precisely under higher incident power. The proposed optical tweezer has high flexibility, easy fabrication, and high integration with lab-on-a-chip, and shows considerable potential for application in various fields, such as biophysics, biochemistry, and life sciences.
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| 14. |
- Lin, Li, et al.
(author)
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An adhesive bonding approach by hydrogen silsesquioxane for silicon carbide-based LED applications
- 2019
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In: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report an adhesive bonding approach using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) for silicon carbide (SiC) samples. A hybrid light-emitting diode (LED) was successfully fabricated through bonding a near-ultraviolet (NUV) LED grown on a commercial 4H-SiC substrate to a free-standing boron-nitrogen co-doped fluorescent-SiC epi-layer. The bonding quality and the electrical performance of the hybrid LED device were characterized. Neither voids nor defects were observed which indicates a good bonding quality of the proposed HSQ approach. A strong warm white emission was successfully obtained from the hybrid LED through an electric current injection of 30 mA.
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| 15. |
- Liu, Haichun, et al.
(author)
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Balancing power density based quantum yield characterization of upconverting nanoparticles for arbitrary excitation intensities.
- 2013
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In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 5:11, s. 4770-4775
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have recently shown great potential as contrast agents in biological applications. In developing different UCNPs, the characterization of their quantum yield (QY) is a crucial issue, as the typically drastic decrease in QY for low excitation power densities can either impose a severe limitation or provide an opportunity in many applications. The power density dependence of the QY is governed by the competition between the energy transfer upconversion (ETU) rate and the linear decay rate in the depopulation of the intermediate state of the involved activator in the upconversion process. Here we show that the QYs of Yb(3+) sensitized two-photon upconversion emissions can be well characterized by the balancing power density, at which the ETU rate and the linear decay rate have equal contributions, and its corresponding QY. The results in this paper provide a method to fully describe the QY of upconverting nanoparticles for arbitrary excitation power densities, and is a fast and simple approach for assessing the applicability of UCNPs from the perspective of energy conversion.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ou, Yiyu, et al.
(author)
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Donor-acceptor-pair emission characterization in N-B doped fluorescent SiC
- 2011
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In: Optical Materials Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 2159-3930. ; 1:8, s. 1439-1446
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work, we investigated donor-acceptor-pair emission in N-B doped fluorescent 6H-SiC, by means of photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoluminescence. The photoluminescence results were interpreted by using a band diagram with Fermi-Dirac statistics. It is shown that with N and B concentrations in a range of 10(18) cm(-3) the samples exhibit the most intense luminescence when the concentration difference (n-type) is about 4.6 x 10(18) cm(-3). Raman spectroscopy studies further verified the doping type and concentrations for the samples. Furthermore, strong luminescence intensity in a large emission angle range was achieved from angle-resolved photoluminescence. The results indicate N-B doped fluorescent SiC as a good wavelength converter in white LEDs applications.
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| 18. |
- Rusli, Andri, et al.
(author)
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Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates
- 2024
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In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 495
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plastic pollution poses a critical global environmental challenge, and within this context, nanoplastics (NPs), the smallest plastic fragments, remain poorly understood. The progress in studying NP toxicity and developing analytical methods highly depends on access to well-defined NP materials. Herein, a straightforward and ecofriendly method for fabricating NP particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates is presented. The process began with blending plastics with a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), followed by the dissolution of the PVA matrix in water and the isolation of the NPs through a two-stage filtration process. NP materials from three widely used plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were prepared, underscoring the versatility of this method. The resulting NPs were primarily submicron in size, and their size distribution was tuned by varying the blend ratio. Furthermore, by incorporating a stretch operation during the extrusion, the NP shape could be varied, enabling the fabrication of NP fibril materials. This method, which does not rely heavily on specialized equipment and avoids the use of harsh solvents, offers a viable and eco-friendly approach to fabricating NP samples suitable for a broad range of research applications.
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| 19. |
- Rusli, Andri, et al.
(author)
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Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates
- 2024
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In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 495
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plastic pollution poses a critical global environmental challenge, and within this context, nanoplastics (NPs), the smallest plastic fragments, remain poorly understood. The progress in studying NP toxicity and developing analytical methods highly depends on access to well-defined NP materials. Herein, a straightforward and eco-friendly method for fabricating NP particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates is presented. The process began with blending plastics with a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), followed by the dissolution of the PVA matrix in water and the isolation of the NPs through a two-stage filtration process. NP materials from three widely used plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were prepared, underscoring the versatility of this method. The resulting NPs were primarily submicron in size, and their size distribution was tuned by varying the blend ratio. Furthermore, by incorporating a stretch operation during the extrusion, the NP shape could be varied, enabling the fabrication of NP fibril materials. This method, which does not rely heavily on specialized equipment and avoids the use of harsh solvents, offers a viable and eco-friendly approach to fabricating NP samples suitable for a broad range of research applications.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Xie, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
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Drug quantification in turbid media by fluorescence imaging combined with light-absorption correction using white Monte Carlo simulations.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668. ; 16:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate quantification of photosensitizers is in many cases a critical issue in photodynamic therapy. As a noninvasive and sensitive tool, fluorescence imaging has attracted particular interest for quantification in pre-clinical research. However, due to the absorption of excitation and emission light by turbid media, such as biological tissue, the detected fluorescence signal does not have a simple and unique dependence on the fluorophore concentration for different tissues, but depends in a complex way on other parameters as well. For this reason, little has been done on drug quantification in vivo by the fluorescence imaging technique. In this paper we present a novel approach to compensate for the light absorption in homogeneous turbid media both for the excitation and emission light, utilizing time-resolved fluorescence white Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Beer-Lambert law. This method shows that the corrected fluorescence intensity is almost proportional to the absolute fluorophore concentration. The results on controllable tissue phantoms and murine tissues are presented and show good correlations between the evaluated fluorescence intensities after the light-absorption correction and absolute fluorophore concentrations. These results suggest that the technique potentially provides the means to quantify the fluorophore concentration from fluorescence images.
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| 22. |
- Xie, Yuan, et al.
(author)
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Key molecular alterations in endothelial cells in human glioblastoma uncovered through single-cell RNA sequencing
- 2021
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In: JCI Insight. - : American Society For Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 6:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Passage of systemically delivered pharmacological agents into the brain is largely blocked by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), an organotypic specialization of brain endothelial cells (ECs). Tumor vessels in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor in humans, are abnormally permeable, but this phenotype is heterogeneous and may differ between the tumor's center and invasive front. Here, through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of freshly isolated ECs from human glioblastoma and paired tumor peripheral tissues, we have constructed a molecular atlas of human brain ECs providing unprecedented molecular insight into the heterogeneity of the human BBB and its molecular alteration in glioblastoma. We identified 5 distinct EC phenotypes representing different states of EC activation and BBB impairment, and associated with different anatomical locations within and around the tumor. This unique data resource provides key information for designing rational therapeutic regimens and optimizing drug delivery.
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| 23. |
- Yan, Dongna, et al.
(author)
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Anthropogenic drivers accelerate the changes of lake microbial eukaryotic communities over the past 160 years
- 2024
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human impacts on Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, litosphere and biosphere are so significant as to naming a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Lakes and their biota are highly sensitive to environmental changes. Among aquatic organisms, microbial eukaryotes play fundamental roles associated with lake ecosystem functioning, food webs, nutrient cycling, and pollutant degradation. However, the response of lake microbial eukaryotic community during the Anthropocene to changes in environmental conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we applied a 18S metabarcoding approach to sedimentary DNA to reconstruct the temporal dynamics of microbial eukaryotic community over the past 160 years. We investigated the influence of environmental conditions and of biotic interactions on the microbial eukaryotes in Sihailongwan Maar Lake, one of the candidate sites of Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for demarcation of the Anthropocene. Microbial eukaryotes were dominated by dinoflagellates, chlorophytes, ciliates, pirsoniales, rotifers, ochrophytes, apicomplexans and cercozoans that were divided into four functional groups that are photoautotrophs, mixotrophs, consumers and parasites. The predominance of phototrophs and their strong associations with organisms from other trophic levels, confirmed their crucial roles in nutrient cycling, energy flows and ecosystem services in freshwater ecosystems. Abrupt changes in the 1950s in microbial eukaryotic diversity and composition were consistent with changes observed in the pollutants emissions i.e., heavy metals, combustion indices (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Soot F14C), radioactivity indicators (239,240Pu, 129I/127I), nutrients (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus), and temperature. Statistical analysis revealed that anthropogenic drivers controlled the temporal dynamic of microbial eukaryotic community. Our findings provide additional biostratigraphy evidence of the impact of environmental change on this lake biota, which further supports the value of this system to characterize the Anthropocene.
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| 24. |
- Zhang, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
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Levels and distributions of hexachlorobutadiene and three chlorobenzenes in biosolids from wastewater treatment plants and in soils within and surrounding a chemical plant in China.
- 2014
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 48:3, s. 1525-1531
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was recently proposed as a candidate persistent organic pollutant (POP) under the Stockholm Convention, information about its environmental levels and distributions is still very limited. In this work, HCBD was determined in the sewage sludge from 37 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 23 cities and 17 soils near a chemical plant in China. Three chlorobenzenes (CBs) (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene) were simultaneously studied to help better understand the environmental behavior of HCBD. Concentrations of HCBD in sludge samples ranged from <0.03 to 74.3 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a median value of 0.30 ng/g dw, which was lower than those of the three CBs. Levels of HCBD were not correlated with capacity of the WWTPs and total organic carbon. For soils, high level of HCBD was found in the sample within the plant, with a rapid decreasing concentration trend with the increase of distance from the plant. It was suspected that releasing as a byproduct during manufacturing of chlorinated chemicals was the primary source of HCBD in the studied location. Further risk assessment indicated that the environmental risk of HCBD to soil organisms and the health risk to employees were very low through soil exposure within the plant.
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