| 1. |
- Rodríguez, Teresa, 1966-
(author)
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Environmental Pesticide Exposure and Neurobehavioral Effects among Children of Nicaraguan Agricultural Workers
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Children exposed to pesticides are susceptible for neurodevelopmental disruption. Data from developing countries are scarce.Aim: Assessing long-term and recent pesticide exposure in Nicaraguan children in relation to parental pesticide use and examining potential associated neurobehavioral effects.Methods: In the first study, pre- and post-spraying urinary residues of the chlorpyrifos metabolite TCPY and diazinon metabolite IMPY were measured among 7 subsistence farmers and 10 plantation workers, and in one child per worker. In the second study, for 110 children in an agricultural village and 22 in a non-agricultural village, aged 7-9, parental pesticide use was assessed by hours of spraying and kilograms of active ingredients during pre-and-postnatal time windows, as proxies for children’s long term pesticide exposures. Urinary TCPY, 3-PBA (pyrethroid metabolite), and 2,4-D were determined in 211 samples of 74 children of the agricultural village. IQ components and total IQ (WISC-IV) were evaluated in all agricultural village children. Behavior was evaluated with the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Short. Multivariate linear regression models assessed associations between long-term and recent exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroids and cognitive and behavioral scales.Results: In study 1, post-spraying urinary levels of pesticide metabolites of subsistence farmers and their children were highly correlated (r=0.85), but not those of plantation workers and their children. In study 2, a wide range of exposures was reported by parents for all pesticides and time windows. The median urinary TCPY (3.7 μg/g creatinine), 3-PBA (2.8), and 2,4-D (0.9) were comparable to other studies for TCPY and 3-PBA but high for 2,4-D. Maximum levels were the highest reported for all compounds. Prenatal use of organophosphates affected working memory, and methamidophos also verbal comprehension and total IQ. Urinary TCPY was associated with poorer working memory. Organophosphate exposures were not associated with children’s behavior. Pyrethroid exposure during the first year of life associated with poorer perceptual reasoning and behavior, and urinary 3-PBA with a number of cognitive functions and ADHD in girls but not in boys.Conclusion: Nicaraguan children in poor agricultural areas are highly exposed to pesticides, which is influenced by parental pesticide use in subsistence farms. Organophosphate and pyrethroid exposures adversely affect their neurobehavioral development.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(author)
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Kulturorienterad psykologi
- 2005
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In: Vår tids psykologi. - 9789127094208 ; , s. 563-578
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter gives an introduction to how psychology has dealt with the human being as a culture influenced being. This topic is discussed also within the context of cross-cultural interaction and migration to a new country. First the debate on the meaning of culture is reviewed and discussed. Here the changing and heterogeneous nature of socially dependent understanding is emphasized. The larger part of the chapter consists of a presentation of three approaches in culture oriented psychology: Cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology and the indigenous psychologies.
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| 4. |
- Amnå, Erik, et al.
(author)
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En halv miljard av statens pengar riskerar att slösas bort
- 2007
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In: Göteborgs-Posten. ; 2007-09-13, s. 47-47
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Minskade anslag gör att den årliga undersökningen om våra levnadsförhållanden hotas att halveras. Det kan drabba redan svaga grupper som äldre, invandrare och ensamstående föräldrar.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Ingvar, et al.
(author)
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Health-adjusted neuropsychological test norms based on 463 older Swedish car drivers
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:2, s. 93-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need for improved normative information in particular for older persons. The present study provides neuropsychological test norms on seven cognitive tests used in a sample representing the general older driving population, when uncontrolled and controlled for physical health. A group of 463 healthy Swedish car drivers, aged 65 to 84 years, participated in a medical and neuropsychological examination. The latter included tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial function, memory, reaction time, selective attention, and simultaneous capacity. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that, when uncontrolled for health, old age was associated with significant impairment on all seven tests. Education was associated with a significant advantage for all tests except most reaction time subtests. Women outperformed men on selective attention. Controlling for health did not consistently change the associations with education, but generally weakened those with age, indicating rises in normative scores of up to 0.36 SD (residual). In terms of variance explained, impaired health predicted on average 2.5%, age 2.9%, education 2.1% and gender 0.1%. It was concluded (1)that individual regression-based predictions of expected values have the advantage of allowing control for the impact of health on normative scores in addition to the adjustment for various demographic and performance-related variables and (2) that health-adjusted norms have the potential to classify functional status more accurately, to the extent that these norms diverge from norms uncontrolled for physical health.
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Peter N., et al.
(author)
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Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?
- 2012
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In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:2, s. 195-203:42, s. 195-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. Participants: A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. Methods: Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. Results: Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Non-participation in the second wave of the PART study on mental disorder and its effects on risk estimates
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 56:2, s. 119-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In epidemiological studies, analyses are needed to investigate the consequences of non-response. Aims: To analyse the consequences of attrition in the second wave of the population-based PART study, which was performed three years after the first wave. Methods: Potential determinants for non-participation obtained from population registers and the first wave were analyzed. The relationships between potential determinants and reduced well-being or depressive mood in the first wave questionnaire were investigated separately for participants and non-participants in the second wave. Samples of respondents to the second wave questionnaire with reduced or not reduced well-being were summoned for interview regarding determinants of distress and disorder. The occurrence of potential determinants was compared between participants and non-participants in both groups Results: Low income, low education, non-Nordic origin, not being married and previous psychiatric diagnosis were associated with lower participation rates. These variables were similarly related to depressive mood and low psychological well-being in the first wave among participants and non-participants in the second wave. Potential determinants were not or only weakly related to participation in the interview groups. Conclusion: Although the true prevalence of distress and disorder is underestimated, the true associations between potential determinants and the outcomes seem reasonably well reproduced.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blanco, Luis E., et al.
(author)
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The determinants of dermal exposure ranking method (DERM) : A pesticide exposure assessment approach for developing countries
- 2008
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In: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 52:6, s. 535-544
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new method for assessment of dermal exposure to pesticides in subsistence farmers by use of determinants of dermal exposure is described. The method, called the determinants of dermal exposure ranking method (DERM), is a combination of checklists and expert rating assessment. Thus, determinants are listed in a form, which is used to check their presence and to assess them using a simple algorithm based on two factors, the type of transport process (T value) and the area of body surface exposed (A value). In addition, the type of clothing worn during applications is included as a protection factor. We applied the DERM to real pesticide applications, characterizing dermal exposure and comparing DERM estimates with earlier developed semiquantitative visual scores based on fluorescent tracer, the total visual score (TVS) and contaminated body area (CBA). DERM showed a very good level of agreement with both the TVS (r = 0.69, P = 0.000) and the CBA (r = 0.67, P = 0.000). DERM allowed identification of the determinants that had the highest effect on exposure and the farmers with the highest exposure. In conclusion, DERM provided information on the determinants responsible for dermal exposure in a group of subsistence farmers. This can be useful to design monitoring and preventive programs, define priorities for intervention and prioritize and select most adequate measurement strategies. DERM promises to be a low-cost easy-to-use method to assess dermal exposure to pesticides in developing country conditions.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(author)
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Psykologiska perspektiv på hälsa och handikapp
- 2000
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In: Delaktig eller utanför. Carlsson, Sven G., Hjelmquist, Erland & Lundberg, Ingvar (red.). - Umeå : Boréa. - 9189140117 ; , s. 9-12
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 12. |
- Corriols, Marianela, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of acute pesticide poisonings in Nicaragua : a public health concern
- 2009
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In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 66:3, s. 205-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the cumulative incidence rate of acute pesticide poisoning in the year 2000 among Nicaraguan subjects over 15 years of age. METHODS: Data on pesticide exposure and health effects were assessed in a nationally representative survey. Based on self-reported cases, we estimated the 1-year incidence rate and the number of expected cases of acute pesticide poisonings in Nicaragua. RESULTS: Among the 3169 survey respondents, we identified 72 persons who self-reported one episode of acute pesticide poisoning in 2000. Of these, 65 cases (90%) were related to occupational exposure, five (7%) to domestic exposure and two (3%) to intentional exposure. The cumulative incidence rate/100 individuals of pesticide poisonings in Nicaragua in 2000 was 2.3 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8). This corresponds to 66 113 cases (95% CI 51 017 to 81 210). The highest rate was found among males in rural areas, particularly among farmers and agricultural workers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an extremely high risk of acute pesticide poisoning in Nicaragua. Considering this, comprehensive measures should be implemented to reduce adverse health effects.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Falkstedt, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Childhood socio-economic position and risk of coronary heart disease in middle age : a study of 49 321 male conscripts
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21:6, s. 713-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Poor social circumstances in childhood are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In previous studies, social circumstances and risk factors in adulthood have been suggested to explain this association. In the present study, we included potential explanatory factors from childhood and adolescence. METHODS: We investigated the association between childhood socio-economic position (SEP) and CHD in middle age among 49 321 Swedish males, born during 1949-51, who were conscripted for military service at 18-20 years of age. Register-based data on childhood social circumstances, educational attainment and occupational class in adulthood were used in combination with information on cognitive ability, smoking, body mass index and body height in late adolescence obtained from a compulsory conscription examination. Incidence of CHD from 1991 to 2007 (between 40 and 58 years of age) was followed in national registers. RESULTS: We demonstrated an inverse association between childhood SEP and CHD in middle age: among men with the lowest childhood SEP the crude hazard ratio of CHD was 1.47 (95% CI = 1.30-1.67). Adjustment for crowded housing in childhood, body height, cognitive ability, smoking and BMI in late adolescence attenuated relative risks of CHD considerably. Additional adjustment for educational level had a further, although limited, attenuating effect on associations, but additional adjustment for occupational class had no such effect. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that social, cognitive and behavioural factors evident prior to adulthood may be of greater importance in explaining the association between childhood SEP and CHD later in life than socio-economic indicators in adulthood.
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| 16. |
- Fandiño-Losada, Andrés, et al.
(author)
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Demands, skill discretion, decision authority and social climate at work as determinants of major depression in a 3-year follow-up study
- 2013
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In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 86:5, s. 591-605
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:The psychosocial work environment may be a determinant of the development and course of depressive disorders, but the literature shows inconsistent findings. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine longitudinal effects of the job demands-control-support model (JDCSM) variables on the occurrence of major depression among working men and women from the general population.METHODS:The sample comprised 4,710 working women and men living in Stockholm, who answered the same questionnaire twice, 3 years apart, who were not depressed during the first wave and had the same job in both waves. The questionnaire included JDCSM variables (demands, skill discretion, decision authority and social climate) and other co-variables (income, education, occupational group, social support, help and small children at home, living with an adult and depressive symptoms at time 1; and negative life events at time 2). Multiple logistic regressions were run to calculate odds ratios of having major depression at time 2, after adjustment for other JDCSM variables and co-variables.RESULTS: Among women, inadequate work social climate was the only significant risk indicator for major depression. Surprisingly, among men, high job demands and low skill discretion appeared as protective factors against major depression.CONCLUSIONS:The results showed a strong relationship between inadequate social climate and major depression among women, while there were no certain effects for the remaining exposure variables. Among men, few cases of major depression hampered well-founded conclusions regarding our findings of low job demands and high skill discretion as related to major depression.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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Grunderna i vår tids psykologi
- 2012. - 1
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bokinformation:Grunderna i vår tids psykologi ger en gedigen grund till den moderna psykologin. Några av Sveriges främsta forskare har här samlat den mest aktuella psykologiska vetenskapen utifrån ledande svensk och internationell forskning. Tack vare författarnas omfattande undervisningserfarenhet blir framställningen begriplig, levande och nyanserad. Resultatet är en heltäckande skildring av de byggstenar som behövs för att gå vidare inom psykologins olika tillämpningsfält.Grunderna i vår tids psykologi är:Människokunskap blir vetenskapBiologisk psykologiMotivation och emotionKognitionspsykologiUtvecklingspsykologiPersonlighetspsykologiSocialpsykologiBoken riktar sig främst till psykologistuderande, men kan läsas på alla utbildningar där grundkunskaper i ämnet ingår. Den ger också en utmärkt introduktion till den som är nyfiken på vår tids psykologi.
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Ingvar, et al.
(author)
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VISIR work in progress
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The VISIR (Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality) Open Lab Platform is an architecture that enable universities, secondary schools, and other organizations to open instructional laboratories for remote access with preserved context. VISIR emanates from a feasibility study made in 1999 at BTH (Blekinge Institute of Technology) in Sweden. Today, VISIR laboratories are online at seven universities globally where thousands of students can work and conduct most experiments that can be performed on a solderless breadboard remotely without any risk of being harmed. IAOE (International Association of Online Engineering has organized SIG VISIR a Special Interest Group for VISIR. Further development of the platform is carried out in this Community. This paper is about work in progress especially at BTH.
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| 20. |
- Gustavsson, Ingvar, et al.
(author)
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VISIR work in progress
- 2014
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In: 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). - : IEEE Press. - 9781479931903 ; , s. 1139-1148
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The VISIR (Virtual Instrument Systems inReality) Open Lab Platform is an architecture that enableuniversities, secondary schools, and other organizations to openinstructional laboratories for remote access with preservedcontext. VISIR emanates from a feasibility study made in 1999 atBTH (Blekinge Institute of Technology) in Sweden. Today,VISIR laboratories are online at seven universities globally wherethousands of students can work and conduct most experimentsthat can be performed on a solderless breadboard remotelywithout any risk of being harmed. IAOE (InternationalAssociation of Online Engineering has organized SIG VISIR aSpecial Interest Group for VISIR. Further development of theplatform is carried out in this Community. This paper is aboutwork in progress especially at BTH.
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| 21. |
- Hansen, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Biologisk psykologi
- 2012
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In: Grunderna i vår tids psykologi. - 9789127131675 ; , s. 47-83
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Den biologiska psykologin har under senare år, tillsammans med andra vetenskaper som rör hjärnan, utvecklats till ett mycket aktivt och framgångsrikt forskningsområde. I detta kapitel kommer vi ofta att röra oss i gränsområden till andra vetenskaper - som utvecklingslära, genetik, neurofysiologi och neurokemi - för att presentera en karta över detta expansiva område.
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| 22. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Sickness absence at a young age and later sickness absence, disability pension, death, unemployment and income in native Swedes and immigrants
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:4, s. 606-610
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Youth unemployment is an increasing problem for societies around the world. Research has revealed negative health effects of unemployment, and this longitudinal register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and later sickness absence, disability pension and death among youth in Sweden.Method: The study group of 199 623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25 607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age-range (174 016). The baseline year was 1992, and the follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007. Subjects with unemployment benefit in 1990–91, disability pension in 1990–92, severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990–92 and subjects who emigrated during follow-up were excluded.Results: Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk of ≥60 days of sickness absence (OR 1.02–1.49), disability pension (HR 1.08–1.62) and all except native Swedish women had elevated risk of death (HR 1.01–1.65) during follow-up compared with non-unemployed individuals. The risk of future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992 (OR 1.06–1.54), and the risk of sickness absence increased over time. A larger part of the immigrant cohort was unemployed at baseline than native Swedes. Selection to unemployment by less healthy subjects may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.Conclusion: Unemployment at an early age may influence the future health of the individual. To a society it may lead to increased burdens on the welfare system and productivity loss for many years.
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| 23. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Sickness absence at a young age and later sickness absence, disability pension, death, unemployment and income in native Swedes and immigrants
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:4, s. 688-692
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sickness absence with cash benefits from the sickness insurance gives an opportunity to be relieved from work without losing financial security. There are, however, downsides to taking sickness absence. Periods of sickness absence, even short ones, can increase the risk for future spells of sickness absence and unemployment. The sickness period may in itself have a detrimental effect on health. The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between exposure to sickness absence at a young age and later sickness absence, disability pension, death, unemployment and income from work. Methods: Our cohort consisted of all immigrants aged 21-25 years in Sweden in 1993 (N=38 207) and a control group of native Swedes in the same age group (N=225 977). We measured exposure to sickness absence in 1993 with a follow-up period of 15 years. We conducted separate analyses for men and women, and for immigrants and native Swedes. Results: Exposure to >= 60 days of sickness absence in 1993 increased the risk of sickness absence [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6-11.4], unemployment (HR 1.1-1.2), disability pension (HR 1.2-5.3) and death (HR 1.2-3.5). The income from work, during the follow-up period, among individuals with spells of sick leave for >= 60 days in 1993 was around two-thirds of that of the working population who did not take sick leave. Conclusions: Individuals on sickness absence had an increased risk for work absence, death and lower future income.
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| 24. |
- Helgesson, Magnus
(author)
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Unemployment and sick leave at a young age and associations with future health and work
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this register-based longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between exposure to unemployment and sick leave at a young age and later health and work related outcomes. A comparison was also made between immigrants and native Swedes. The study population consisted of all immigrants, born between 1968 and 1972, and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age range. The follow-up period was 15 years, divided into three 5-year periods. Unemployment in 1992 was associated with later ≥60 days of sickness absence, disability pension and, for all subjects except native Swedish women, also mortality during follow-up. The risk of future sickness absence was about the same in all three follow-up periods. There was an increased risk of ≥100 days of unemployment in all three follow-up periods, but the risk declined, however, until the last follow-up period. Higher level of education at baseline as well as education attained between 1993 and 1997 decreased the risk of future unemployment. Participating in active labour market programmes was associated with higher risk of future unemployment. The risk of both future unemployment and future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992. Immigrants had a higher risk of unemployment both at baseline and at follow-up compared with native Swedes, but matched the pattern of native Swedes during follow-up. Exposure to ≥60 days of sickness absence in 1993 was associated with increased risk for ≥60 days of sickness absence, ≥100 days of unemployment, disability pension and mortality during follow-up compared with no sick leave at baseline. The income from work, during the follow-up period, among individuals with spells of sick leave ≥60 days in 1993 was around two-thirds of that of individuals not on >60 days of sick leave. There was a rapid increase in future work absence for the first 1–7 days of sick leave claimed. Thereafter there was a lower, but steady increase in days of future work absence for every increase in sick leave. This of course affects the individual in the first place and to a society it means substantial costs in the form of increased welfare payments, and loss of productivity and tax income.
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| 25. |
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