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| 2. |
- Franz, D, et al.
(author)
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Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe´s terrestrial ecosystems: a review
- 2018
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In: International Agrophysics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0236-8722 .- 2300-8725. ; 32, s. 439-455
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.
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| 3. |
- Luo, Y. -W, et al.
(author)
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Database of diazotrophs in global ocean : abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates
- 2012
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 4:1, s. 47-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine N-2 fixing microorganisms, termed di-azotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen ( N-2) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic cell counts or qPCR assays targeting the nifH genes) and N-2 fixation rates. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. The database is limited spatially, lacking large regions of the ocean especially in the Indian Ocean. The data are approximately log-normal distributed, and large variances exist in most sub-databases with non-zero values differing 5 to 8 orders of magnitude. Reporting the geometric mean and the range of one geometric standard error below and above the geometric mean, the pelagic N-2 fixation rate in the global ocean is estimated to be 62 (52-73) Tg Nyr(-1) and the pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean is estimated to be 2.1 (1.4-3.1) Tg C from cell counts and to 89 (43-150) Tg C from nifH- based abundances. Reporting the arithmetic mean and one standard error instead, these three global estimates are 140 +/- 9.2 Tg Nyr(-1), 18 +/- 1.8 Tg C and 590 +/- 70 Tg C, respectively. Uncertainties related to biomass conversion factors can change the estimate of geometric mean pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean by about +/- 70 %. It was recently established that the most commonly applied method used to measure N-2 fixation has underestimated the true rates. As a result, one can expect that future rate measurements will shift the mean N-2 fixation rate upward and may result in significantly higher estimates for the global N-2 fixation. The evolving database can nevertheless be used to study spatial and temporal distributions and variations of marine N-2 fixation, to validate geochemical estimates and to parameterize and validate biogeochemical models, keeping in mind that future rate measurements may rise in the future.
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| 4. |
- Teruel, M, et al.
(author)
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Integrative epigenomics in Sjögren´s syndrome reveals novel pathways and a strong interaction between the HLA, autoantibodies and the interferon signature
- 2021
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 23292-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population.
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| 6. |
- Privalova, E, et al.
(author)
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CO2 removal with ‘switchable’ versus ‘classical’ ionic liquids
- 2012
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In: Separation and Purification Technology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 97, s. 42-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Switchable ionic liquids (SILs) are promising solvents for CO2 separation due to their high CO2 capturing efficiency and easy preparation compared to ‘classical’ ionic liquids. Considering viscosity, the present study has demonstrated that SILs formed at least two times stronger chemical bonds with CO2 than studied classical ionic liquids (ILs). Furthermore, the reversible properties of SILs were confirmed by evaluation of different regeneration methods. On average, molar fractions of CO2 were more than 0.3 outperforming acetate-based ILs (molar fraction of CO2 around 0.25) and more than ten times the capacity of physical ionic liquids (molar fraction 0.02). Consequently, SILs are found to be efficient CO2 absorbents operating at atmospheric pressure.HighlightsComparison of ionic liquid systems acting as chemical vs. physical solvents in practical terms. ► Recycling and reuse issues of ionic liquids in carbon dioxide capture. ► Introduction of new types of switchable ionic liquids. ► Studying the capture-release cycle behavior of the aforementioned ionic liquids. ► In essence, we have focused on engineering aspects.
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| 9. |
- de Beeck, M. O., et al.
(author)
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Soil-meteorological measurements at ICOS monitoring stations in terrestrial ecosystems
- 2018
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In: International Agrophysics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0236-8722 .- 2300-8725. ; 32:4, s. 619-631
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Integrated Carbon Observation System is a pan-European research infrastructure providing standardized, long-term observations of greenhouse gas concentrations and earth-atmosphere greenhouse gas interactions. The terrestrial component of Integrated Carbon Observation System comprises a network of monitoring stations in terrestrial ecosystems where the principal activity is the measurement of ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of greenhouse gases and energy by means of the eddy covariance technique. At each station a large set of ancillary variables needed for the interpretation of observed fluxes and for process studies is additionally monitored. This set includes a subset of variables that describe the thermal and moisture conditions of the soil and which are here conveniently referred to as soil-meteorological variables: soil temperature, volumetric soil water content, water table depth, and soil heat flux density. This paper describes the standard methodology that has been developped for the monitoring of these variables at the ecosystem stations.
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| 10. |
- Diaz-Barreiro, A., et al.
(author)
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The SLE variant Ala71Thr of BLK severely decreases protein abundance and binding to BANK1 through impairment of the SH3 domain function
- 2016
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In: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 17:2, s. 128-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The B-lymphocyte kinase (BLK) gene is associated genetically with several human autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. We recently described that the genetic risk is given by two haplotypes: one covering several strongly linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter of the gene that correlated with low transcript levels, and a second haplotype that includes a rare nonsynonymous variant (Ala71Thr). Here we show that this variant, located within the BLK SH3 domain, is a major determinant of protein levels. In vitro analyses show that the 71Thr isoform is hyperphosphorylated and promotes kinase activation. As a consequence, BLK is ubiquitinated, its proteasomal degradation enhanced and the average life of the protein is reduced by half. Altogether, these findings suggest that an intrinsic autoregulatory mechanism previously unappreciated in BLK is disrupted by the 71Thr substitution. Because the SH3 domain is also involved in protein interactions, we sought for differences between the two isoforms in trafficking and binding to protein partners. We found that binding of the 71Thr variant to the adaptor protein BANK1 is severely reduced. Our study provides new insights on the intrinsic regulation of BLK activation and highlights the dominant role of its SH3 domain in BANK1 binding.
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| 11. |
- Morell, Maria, et al.
(author)
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SIDT1 plays a key role in type I IFN responses to nucleic acids in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and mediates the pathogenesis of an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model
- 2022
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Type I IFN (IFN-I) is a family of cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. SIDT1 is an ER-resident protein expressed in the lymphoid lineage, and involved in anti-viral IFN-I responses in vivo, through an unclear mechanism. Herein we have dissected the role of SIDT1 in the natural IFN-producing cells, the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC).Methods The function of SIDT1 in pDC was determined by silencing its expression in human primary pDC and GEN2.2 cell line. SIDT1 role in vivo was assessed using the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model in the SIDT1-deficient mice (sidt1-/-).Findings Silencing of SIDT1 in GEN2.2 led to a blockade of the IFN-I response after stimulation of TLR7 and TLR9, without affecting the pro-inflammatory responses or upregulation of maturation markers. We found that SIDT1 migrates from the ER to the endosomal and lysosomal compartments together with TLR9 after CpG stimulation, participating in the access of the TLR9-CpG complex to lysosome-related vesicles, and therefore mediating the activation of TBK1 and the nuclear migration of IRF7, but not of NF -KB. sidt1-/- mice showed a significant decrease in severity parameters of the imiquimod-induced acute psoriasis-like model, associated with a decrease in the production of IFN-I and IFN-dependent chemokines.Interpretation Our findings indicate that SIDT1 is at the cross-road between the IFN-I and the proinflammatory pathways and constitutes a promising drug target for psoriasis and other diseases mediated by IFN-I responses.
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| 12. |
- Verbrigghe, Niel, et al.
(author)
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Soil carbon loss in warmed subarctic grasslands is rapid and restricted to topsoil
- 2022
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 19:14, s. 3381-3393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global warming may lead to carbon transfers from soils to the atmosphere, yet this positive feedback to the climate system remains highly uncertain, especially in subsoils . Using natural geothermal soil warming gradients of up to +6.4 °C in subarctic grasslands , we show that soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks decline strongly and linearly with warming (-2.8tha-1 °C-1). Comparison of SOC stock changes following medium-term (5 and 10 years) and long-term (>50 years) warming revealed that all SOC stock reduction occurred within the first 5 years of warming, after which continued warming no longer reduced SOC stocks. This rapid equilibration of SOC observed in Andosol suggests a critical role for ecosystem adaptations to warming and could imply short-lived soil carbon-climate feedbacks. Our data further revealed that the soil C loss occurred in all aggregate size fractions and that SOC stock reduction was only visible in topsoil (0-10cm). SOC stocks in subsoil (10-30cm), where plant roots were absent, showed apparent conservation after >50 years of warming. The observed depth-dependent warming responses indicate that explicit vertical resolution is a prerequisite for global models to accurately project future SOC stocks for this soil type and should be investigated for soils with other mineralogies.
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| 13. |
- Walker, Tom W.N., et al.
(author)
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A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem
- 2020
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In: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 4:1, s. 101-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to either 5–8 or >50 years of soil warming. Warming of >50 years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organism physiology and was evident after 5–8 years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of >100% for 83 variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1 °C over 50 years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5–8 years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterization of ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.
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