| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Durrant, A., et al.
(author)
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Detection and localisation of multiple in-core perturbations with neutron noise-based self-supervised domain adaptation
- 2021
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In: Proc. Int. Conf. Mathematics and Computational Methods Applied to Nuclear Science and Engineering (M&C2021). - 9781713886310
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of non-intrusive techniques for monitoring nuclear reactors is becoming more vital as western fleets age. As a consequence, the necessity to detect more frequently occurring operational anomalies is of upmost interest. Here, noise diagnostics — the analysis of small stationary deviations of local neutron flux around its time-averaged value — is employed aiming to unfold from detector readings the nature and location of driving perturbations. Given that in-core instrumentation of western-type light-water reactors are scarce in number of detectors, rendering formal inversion of the reactor transfer function impossible, we propose to utilise advancements in Machine Learning and Deep Learning for the task of unfolding. This work presents an approach to such a task doing so in the presence of multiple and simultaneously occurring perturbations or anomalies. A voxel-wise semantic segmentation network is proposed to determine the nature and source location of multiple and simultaneously occurring perturbations in the frequency domain. A diffusion-based core simulation tool has been employed to provide simulated training data for two reactors. Additionally, we work towards the application of the aforementioned approach to real measurements, introducing a self-supervised domain adaptation procedure to align the representation distributions of simulated and real plant measurements.
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| 8. |
- Ruffini, M., et al.
(author)
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Access and metro network convergence for flexible end-to-end network design [invited]
- 2017
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In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 9:6, s. 524-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on the architectural, protocol, physical layer, and integrated testbed demonstrations carried out by the DISCUS FP7 consortium in the area of access-metro network convergence. Our architecture modeling results show the vast potential for cost and power savings that node consolidation can bring. The architecture, however, also recognizes the limits of long-reach transmission for low-latency 5G services and proposes ways to address such shortcomings in future projects. The testbed results, which have been conducted end-toend, across access-metro and core, and have targeted all the layers of the network from the application down to the physical layer, show the practical feasibility of the concepts proposed in the project.
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| 9. |
- Zamora-Gasga, Victor M., et al.
(author)
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Gut metabolites associated with pH and antioxidant capacity during in vitro colonic fermentation of Mexican corn products
- 2018
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In: Cereal Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0009-0352. ; 95, s. 399-410
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and objectives: Food is the major factor driving the metabolism of the gut microbiota. In Mexico, nixtamalized corn products are widely consumed. Changes in antioxidant capacity (AOX) in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), pH values, short-chain fatty acid concentration, and relative metabolite production during in vitro colonic fermentation of indigestible fractions (IF) isolated from Istmo Totopos (ITs), baked corn tortillas (BCTs), and traditional corn tortillas (TCTs) were analyzed. Findings: The consumption of one piece (10 g) of any corn product may potentially maintain appreciable colonic antioxidant status (above 60 mmol TE) until 48 hr of fermentation. A portion of 10 g of corn products produces similar concentrations of acetic (3,050.43-4,181.47 mM), propionic (1,904.78-2,975.18 mM), and butyric acid (1,458.14-2,873.47 mM) at 12 hr of fermentation. Forty-six volatile compounds were also detected by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), and six principal components were identified. Positive correlations were found between DPPH, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Conclusions: Our results suggest the colonic fermentation potential to increase bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity hence suggesting improved gut health. Additional studies are required to evaluate their in vivo effects. Significance and novelty: The study of traditional corn products will facilitate a better understanding of the potential health-promoting impact of the interactions between indigestible components of the Mexican diet and the gut metabolites.
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| 10. |
- Arellano, Santiago, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change
- 2021
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3516 .- 1866-3508. ; 13:3, s. 1167-1188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic SO2. Although space-based observations have provided this global insight into some aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions, historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain. Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of SO2 flux and plume parameters obtained during the period March 2005 to January 2017 of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation, and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of global volcanic emission. Datasets for each volcano are made available at https://novac.chalmers.se (last access: 1 October 2020) under the CC-BY 4 license or through the DOI (digital object identifier) links provided in Table 1.
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| 12. |
- Di Giglio, A., et al.
(author)
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Towards the distributed core for ubiquitous superfast broadband optical access
- 2014
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In: 2014 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). ; , s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we describe recent architectural and technological advances of the end to end optical network architecture proposed by the DISCUS project (the DIStributed Core for unlimited bandwidth supply for all Users and Services). The two main targets of DISCUS are the principle of equivalence in the access and the reduction of optical-to-electronic conversions in the metro-core network. Technological advances and techno-economic evaluation of Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON), as well as the optimal metro-core node architecture and the required network control plane framework are reported. Network infrastructure sharing challenges are also discussed.
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| 13. |
- Hakkarainen, J., et al.
(author)
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Hydroxysteroid (17 beta) dehydrogenase 1 expressed by Sertoli cells contributes to steroid synthesis and is required for male fertility
- 2018
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In: Faseb Journal. - 0892-6638. ; 32:6, s. 3229-3241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pituitary gonadotrophins and testosterone are the main hormonal regulators of spermatogenesis, but estradiol is also known to play a role in the process. The hormonal responses in the testis are partially mediated by somatic Sertoli cells that provide nutritional and physical support for differentiating male germ cells. Hydroxysteroid (17 beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) is a steroidogenic enzyme that especially catalyzes the conversion of low potent 17keto-steroids to highly potent 17 beta-hydroxysteroids. In this study, we show that Hsd17b1 is highly expressed in Sertoli cells of fetal and newborn mice, and HSD17B1 knockout males present with disrupted spermatogenesis with major defects, particularly in the head shape of elongating spermatids. The cell-cell junctions between Sertoli cells and germ cells were disrupted in the HSD17B1 knockout mice. This resulted in complications in the orientation of elongating spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium, reduced sperm production, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. We also showed that the Sertoli cell-expressed HSD17B1 participates in testicular steroid synthesis, evidenced by a compensatory up-regulation of HSD17B3 in Leydig cells. These results revealed a novel role for HSD17B1 in the control of spermatogenesis and male fertility, and that Sertoli cells significantly contribute to steroid synthesis in the testis.
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