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| 2. |
- Abe, K., et al.
(author)
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Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
- 2022
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 17:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 +/- 9 mu s.
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| 3. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of single electron event anisotropy in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2005
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2), the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (vertical bar eta vertical bar = 3.1-3.9). From the result we have measured the v(2) of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v(2) of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a nonzero single electron v(2) with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate-p(T) region. The precision of the present data set does not permit us to conclude definitively that heavy quarks exhibit thermalization with the transverse flow of the bulk matter.
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| 10. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(author)
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Single electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p + p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2006
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The invariant differential cross section for inclusive electron production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 0.4 <= p(T) <= 5.0 GeV/c in the central rapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 0.35). The contribution to the inclusive electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy flavor, i.e., charm quarks or, at high p(T), bottom quarks, is determined via three independent methods. The resulting electron spectrum from heavy-flavor decays is compared to recent leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The total cross section of charm quark-antiquark pair production is determined to be sigma(c (c) over bar) = 0.92 +/- 0.15(stat) +/- 0.54(syst) mb.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fattibene, P, et al.
(author)
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The 4th international comparison on EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel Part 1: Report on the results
- 2011
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In: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 46:9, s. 765-771
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the results of the 4th International Comparison of in vitro electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry with tooth enamel, where the performance parameters of tooth enamel dosimetry methods were compared among sixteen laboratories from all over the world. The participating laboratories were asked to determine a calibration curve with a set of tooth enamel powder samples provided by the organizers. Nine molar teeth extracted following medical indication from German donors and collected between 1997 and 2007 were prepared and irradiated at the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen. Five out of six samples were irradiated at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 Gy air kerma; and one unirradiated sample was kept as control. The doses delivered to the individual samples were unknown to the participants, who were asked to measure each sample nine times, and to report the EPR signal response, the mass of aliquots measured, and the parameters of EPR signal acquisition and signal evaluation. Critical dose and detection limit were calculated by the organizers on the basis of the calibration-curve parameters obtained at every laboratory. For calibration curves obtained by measuring every calibration sample three times, the mean value of the detection limit was 205 mGy, ranging from 56 to 649 mGy. The participants were also invited to provide the signal response and the nominal dose of their current dose calibration curve (wherever available), the critical dose and detection limit of which were also calculated by the organizers.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Minikel, EV, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying prion disease penetrance using large population control cohorts
- 2016
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In: Science translational medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 8:322, s. 322ra9-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large genomic reference data sets reveal a spectrum of pathogenicity in the prion protein gene and provide genetic validation for a therapeutic strategy in prion disease.
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| 15. |
- Mosing, Miriam A, et al.
(author)
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Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between flow proneness, locus of control and behavioral inhibition
- 2012
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e47958-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flow is a psychological state of high but subjectively effortless attention that typically occurs during active performance of challenging tasks and is accompanied by a sense of automaticity, high control, low self-awareness, and enjoyment. Flow proneness is associated with traits and behaviors related to low neuroticism such as emotional stability, conscientiousness, active coping, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Little is known about the genetic architecture of flow proneness, behavioral inhibition and locus of control - traits also associated with neuroticism - and their interrelation. Here, we hypothesized that individuals low in behavioral inhibition and with an internal locus of control would be more likely to experience flow and explored the genetic and environmental architecture of the relationship between the three variables. Behavioral inhibition and locus of control was measured in a large population sample of 3,375 full twin pairs and 4,527 single twins, about 26% of whom also scored the flow proneness questionnaire. Findings revealed significant but relatively low correlations between the three traits and moderate heritability estimates of .41, .45, and .30 for flow proneness, behavioral inhibition, and locus of control, respectively, with some indication of non-additive genetic influences. For behavioral inhibition we found significant sex differences in heritability, with females showing a higher estimate including significant non-additive genetic influences, while in males the entire heritability was due to additive genetic variance. We also found a mainly genetically mediated relationship between the three traits, suggesting that individuals who are genetically predisposed to experience flow, show less behavioral inhibition (less anxious) and feel that they are in control of their own destiny (internal locus of control). We discuss that some of the genes underlying this relationship may include those influencing the function of dopaminergic neural systems.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ullén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Proneness for psychological flow in everyday life : associations with personality and intelligence
- 2012
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 52:2, s. 167-172
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flow is an experience of enjoyment, concentration, and low self-awareness that occurs during active task performance. We investigated associations between the tendency to experience flow (flow proneness), Big Five personality traits and intelligence in two samples. We hypothesized a negative relation between flow proneness and neuroticism, since negative affect could interfere with the affective component of flow. Secondly, since sustained attention is a component of flow, we tested whether flow proneness is positively related to intelligence. Sample 1 included 137 individuals who completed tests for flow proneness, intelligence, and Big Five personality. In Sample 2 (all twins; n= 2539), flow proneness and intelligence, but not personality, were measured. As hypothesized, we found a negative correlation between flow proneness and neuroticism in Sample 1. Additional exploratory analyses revealed a positive association between flow proneness and conscientiousness. There was no correlation between flow proneness and intelligence. Although significant for some comparisons, associations between intelligence and flow proneness were also very weak in Sample 2. We conclude that flow proneness is associated with personality rather than intelligence, and discuss that flow may be a state of effortless attention that relies on different mechanisms from those involved in attention during mental effort.
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