| 1. |
- Feigin, Valery L, et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 379:25, s. 2429-2437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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| 2. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Vietnam
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e49417-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lack of representative data about hidden groups, like men who have sex with men (MSM), hinders an evidence-based response to the HIV epidemics. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was developed to overcome sampling challenges in studies of populations like MSM for which sampling frames are absent. Internet-based RDS (webRDS) can potentially circumvent limitations of the original RDS method. We aimed to implement and evaluate webRDS among a hidden population. Methods and Design: criteria were men, aged 18 and above, who had ever had sex with another man and were living in Vietnam. Participants were invited by an MSM friend, logged in, and answered a survey. Participants could recruit up to four MSM friends. We evaluated the system by its success in generating sustained recruitment and the degree to which the sample compositions stabilized with increasing sample size. Results: Twenty starting participants generated 676 participants over 24 recruitment waves. Analyses did not show evidence of bias due to ineligible participation. Estimated mean age was 22 years and 82% came from the two large metropolitan areas. 32 out of 63 provinces were represented. The median number of sexual partners during the last six months was two. The sample composition stabilized well for 16 out of 17 variables. Conclusion: Results indicate that webRDS could be implemented at a low cost among Internet-using MSM in Vietnam. WebRDS may be a promising method for sampling of Internet-using MSM and other hidden groups.
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| 4. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 5. |
- Griswold, Max G., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
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| 6. |
- Minh, Hoang Van, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam : Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 17, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.
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| 7. |
- Settele, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Rice ecosystem services in South-east Asia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Paddy and Water Environment. - : Springer. - 1611-2490 .- 1611-2504. ; 16:2, s. 211-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Chuong, Nguyen Canh, et al.
(författare)
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Amniocentesis test uptake for congenital defects : Decision of pregnant women in Vietnam
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health Care for Women International. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0739-9332 .- 1096-4665. ; 39:4, s. 493-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with uptake of amniocentesis test amongst pregnant women of advanced maternal age (35+ years old). A cross-sectional survey was performed on 481 participants in 2016. Women with higher educational attainment, higher income level, having a baby with congenital defects, and women with better knowledge and/or attitude about amniocentesis test were more likely to accept the test. Our study suggested the importance of counseling for women and more time should be given for them to absorb information before they make their decision to uptake the amniocentesis test.
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| 9. |
- Giang, Kim Bao, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Importance of Different Attributes of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages in Viet Nam
- 2016
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 17, s. 79-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers.
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| 10. |
- Le, Vui Thi, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Ratio at Birth in Vietnam : Results From Data in CHILILAB HDSS, 2004 to 2013
- 2017
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Ingår i: Asia-Pacific journal of public health. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1010-5395 .- 1941-2479. ; 29:5 Suppl., s. 25S-34S
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore the association of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and imbalanced sex ratio at birth (SRB) in Chi Linh district, Hai Duong. The data were collected from a longitudinal study using a community-based periodic, referred as Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHILILAB HDSS) during 2004 to 2013. A total of 7568 children were analyzed. Results showed that SRB in Chi Linh dramatically increased to the imbalanced sex ratio (114.6 boys to 100 girls) by 2013. SRB was associated with birth order and sex of preceding siblings. SRB was extremely high among families without any sons (136/100). SRB was highest among families having third or more children (175/100). Imbalanced SRB was more likely to occur among women working in small business/homemakers and others, women who attained high education level, and women in wealthy households. We suggested further efforts to tackle imbalanced SRB in periurban areas in Vietnam.
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| 11. |
- Mokdad, Ali H., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : SPRINGER BASEL AG. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 63, s. 177-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to update our previous publication on the burden of diabetes and chronic kidney disease due to diabetes (CKD-DM) during 1990-2015. We extracted GBD 2015 estimates for prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes (including burden of low vision due to diabetes, neuropathy, and amputations and CKD-DM for 22 countries of the EMR from the GBD visualization tools. In 2015, 135,230 (95% UI 123,034-148,184) individuals died from diabetes and 16,470 (95% UI 13,977-18,961) from CKD-DM, 216 and 179% increases, respectively, compared to 1990. The total number of people with diabetes was 42.3 million (95% UI 38.6-46.4 million) in 2015. DALY rates of diabetes in 2015 were significantly higher than the expected rates based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Our study showed a large and increasing burden of diabetes in the region. There is an urgency in dealing with diabetes and its consequences, and these efforts should be at the forefront of health prevention and promotion.
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| 12. |
- Mvundura, Mercy, et al.
(författare)
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How much does it cost to get a dose of vaccine to the service delivery location? Empirical evidence from Vietnam's Expanded Program on Immunization.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 32:7, s. 834-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies document the costs of operating vaccine supply chains, but decision-makers need this information to inform cost projections for investments to accommodate new vaccine introduction. This paper presents empirical estimates of vaccine supply chain costs for Vietnam's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) for routine vaccines at each level of the supply chain, before and after the introduction of the pentavalent vaccine. We used micro-costing methods to collect resource-use data associated with storage and transportation of vaccines and immunization supplies at the national store, the four regional stores, and a sample of provinces, districts, and commune health centers. We collected stock ledger data on the total number of doses of vaccines handled by each facility during the assessment year. Total supply chain costs were estimated at approximately US$65,000 at the national store and an average of US$39,000 per region, US$5800 per province, US$2200 per district, and US$300 per commune health center. Across all levels, cold chain equipment capital costs and labor were the largest drivers of costs. The cost per dose delivered was estimated at US$0.19 before the introduction of pentavalent and US$0.24 cents after introduction. At commune health centers, supply chain costs were 104% of the value of vaccines before introduction of pentavalent vaccine and 24% after introduction, mainly due to the higher price per dose of the pentavalent vaccine. The aggregated costs at the last tier of the health system can be substantial because of the large number of facilities. Even in countries with high-functioning systems, empirical evidence on current costs from all levels of the system can help estimate resource requirements for expanding and strengthening resources to meet future immunization program needs. Other low- and middle-income countries can benefit from similar studies, in view of new vaccine introductions that will put strains on existing systems.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Nguyen-Tien, Thang, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam : a case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries.MethodsDuring and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status.ResultsThe mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16-30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.13-0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention.ConclusionsAll patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.
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| 15. |
- Tran, Quoc Cuong, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Ensemble Landslide Predictive Models Based on the Hyperpipes Algorithm : A Case Study in the Nam Dam Commune, Vietnam
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of landslide predictive models with strong prediction power has become a major focus of many researchers. This study describes the first application of the Hyperpipes (HP) algorithm for the development of the five novel ensemble models that combine the HP algorithm and the AdaBoost (AB), Bagging (B), Dagging, Decorate, and Real AdaBoost (RAB) ensemble techniques for mapping the spatial variability of landslide susceptibility in the Nam Dan commune, Ha Giang province, Vietnam. Information on 76 historical landslides and ten geo-environmental factors (slope degree, slope aspect, elevation, topographic wetness index, curvature, weathering crust, geology, river density, fault density, and distance from roads) were used for the construction of the training and validation datasets that are the prerequisites for building and testing the proposed models. Using different performance metrics (i.e., the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), negative predictive value, positive predictive value, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, root mean square error, and Kappa), we verified the proficiency of all five ensemble learning techniques in increasing the fitness and predictive powers of the base HP model. Based on the AUC values derived from the models, the ensemble ABHP model that yielded an AUC value of 0.922 was identified as the most efficient model for mapping the landslide susceptibility in the Nam Dan commune, followed by RABHP (AUC = 0.919), BHP (AUC = 0.909), Dagging-HP (AUC = 0.897), Decorate-HP (AUC = 0.865), and the single HP model (AUC = 0.856), respectively. The novel ensemble models proposed for the Nam Dan commune and the resultant susceptibility maps can aid land-use planners in the development of efficient mitigation strategies in response to destructive landslides.
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| 16. |
- Afshin, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10184, s. 1958-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity.Methods: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of diseasespecific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome.Findings: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates.Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Cuong Nguyen, Duy, et al.
(författare)
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Disk-Braking in Young Stars : Probing Rotation in Chamaeleon I and Taurus-Auriga
- 2009
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We present a comprehensive study of rotation, disk and accretion signatures for 144 T Tauri stars in the young (~2 Myr old) Chamaeleon I and Taurus-Auriga star forming regions based on multi-epoch high-resolution optical spectra from the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope supplemented by mid-infared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope. In contrast to previous studies in the Orion Nebula Cluster and NGC 2264, we do not see a clear signature of disk braking in Tau-Aur and Cha I. We find that both accretors and non-accretors have similar distributions of v sin i. The rotational velocities in both regions show a clear mass dependence, with F--K stars rotating on average about twice as fast as M stars, consistent with results reported for other clusters of similar age. Similarly, we find the upper envelope of the observed values of specific angular momentum j varies as M^0.5 for our sample which spans a mass range of ~0.16 to ~3 M_sun. This power law complements previous studies in Orion which estimated j is proportional to M^0.25 for < ~2 Myr stars in the same mass regime, and a sharp decline in j with decreasing mass for older stars (~10 Myr) with M < 2 M_sun. For a subsample of 67 objects with mid-IR photometry, we examine the connection between accretion signatures and dusty disks: in the vast majority of cases (63/67), the two properties correlate well, which suggests that the timescale of gas accretion is similar to the lifetime of inner disks.
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| 19. |
- Cuong Nguyen, Duy, et al.
(författare)
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How Variable is Accretion in Young Stars?
- 2009
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We analyze the variability in accretion-related emission lines for 40 Classical T Tauri stars to probe the extent of accretion variations in young stellar objects. Our analysis is based on multi-epoch high-resolution spectra for young stars in Tau-Aur and Cha I. For all stars, we obtain typically four spectra, covering timescales from hours to months. As proxies for the accretion rate, we use the H-alpha 10% width and the CaII-8662 line flux. We find that while the two quantities are correlated, their variability amplitude is not. Converted to accretion rates, the CaII fluxes indicate typical accretion rate changes of 0.35 dex, with 32% exceeding 0.5 dex, while H-alpha 10% width suggests changes of 0.65 dex, with 66% exceeding 0.5 dex. We conclude that CaII fluxes are a more robust quantitative indicator of accretion than H-alpha 10% width, and that intrinsic accretion rate changes typically do not exceed 0.5 dex on timescales of days to months. The maximum extent of the variability is reached after a few days, suggesting that rotation is the dominant cause of variability. We see a decline of the inferred accretion rates towards later spectral types, reflecting the dM/dt vs. M relationship. There is a gap between accretors and non-accretors, pointing to a rapid shutdown of accretion. We conclude that the ~2 orders of magnitude scatter in the dM/dt vs. M relationship is dominated by object-to-object scatter instead of intrinsic source variability.
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| 20. |
- Dupuy, T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Multiplicity of cool dwarfs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astronomical Notes - Astronomische Nachrichten. - : Wiley. - 0004-6337 .- 1521-3994. ; 334:1-2, s. 36-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple systems have long been used to probe the origin and evolution of stars of all masses. Only in the past 10-15 years have such studies been extended to brown dwarfs and the lowest mass stars through binary surveys of both young star forming regions and the older field population. In addition, a groundswell of interest in M dwarfs in recent years has resulted in large, modern datasets for these most common stars in the Galaxy, thereby enabling renewed perspectives on their multiplicity properties. These latest observational results have in turn fueled the many theories competing to explain the formation of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. This Cool Stars 17 splinter session examined the current state of this field by reviewing results from the numerous observational techniques - radial velocities, astrometry, direct imaging, and synoptic surveys - that have been used to study multiplicity from the earliest embedded protostars to objects in young star forming regions, old and intermediate-age clusters, as well as the more heterogeneous field population.
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| 21. |
- Hellström, Micaela, et al.
(författare)
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Symbiodinium spp. diversity in a single host species, Galaxea fascicularis, Vietnam : Impact of environmental factors, host traits, and diversity hot spots
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We determined the distribution of zooxanthellate ITS2 types within one broadcast spawning coral species,Galaxea fascicularis with horizontal symbiont uptake, in both inshore and offshore reef habitats over a 3200 km range along the coast of Vietnam, covering 11 degrees of latitude. Host traits (mtDNA genotype) and environmental factors (visibility, sea surface temperatures and Chlorophyll a derived from satellite data, regional measures of coral species diversity and distance from land (inshore/offshore)) were measured to test whether symbiont type distribution was determined by host characteristics or by environmental factors. The G. fascicularis and their associated symbionts were not genetically coupled to each other but to environmental factors The host displayed an inshore-offshore zonation, with higher diversity offshore. The D1a symbiont exhibited an inshore- offshore zonation. In contrast; the 5 different C symbiont types showed a latitudinal distribution gradient, which shifted in dominance north to south. We found regional differences in symbiont type; these were related to environmental differences and not to genetic characteristics in the coral G. fascicularis.
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| 22. |
- Islam, Md. Kamrul, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic fractionation of Palm Kernel shell with Co and Cu over zeolite HY catalysts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2370 .- 1873-250X. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be transformed valuable chemicals. This study extracted lignin from palm kernel shell with liquid phased oxidative fractionation in the presence of Co and Cu loaded over Zeolite HY catalysts. The oxidative fractionation was conducted at temperatures ranging from 140 °C to 180 °C, with various reaction times of 2–4 h. The GCMS analysis identified various products from the oxidative conversion including phenol derivatives (Butylated hydroxytoluene, 1,2-Benzenediol, etc.), phenolic aldehydes (Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, etc.), and carboxylic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid etc.). At a reaction temperature of 180 °C with a 2 h reaction time, Co/Zeolite HY catalyst yielded 9.81% and Cu/Zeolite HY catalyst yielded 13.53% for phenol derivatives. The optimal yield of lignin-derived compounds was achieved with a 5 wt% catalyst loading in the context of biomass weight, particularly with a 10% metal loading of Co and Cu over Zeolite HY support. Additionally, the total yield of lignin-derived compounds obtained was 32.85% for 10%Co/Zeolite HY and 23.89% for 10%Cu/Zeolite HY, catalysts respectively. This research displays incorporating metals into zeolite support subsequently boosts their catalytic efficiency in lignin oxidation.
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| 23. |
- Lai, Zhennan, et al.
(författare)
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Aquaporin gene therapy corrects Sjogren's syndrome phenotype in mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:20, s. 5694-5699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is estimated to affect 35 million people worldwide. Currently, no effective treatments exist for Sjogren's syndrome, and there is a limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation. The present work revealed that aquaporin 5 expression, a water channel critical for salivary gland fluid secretion, is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 6. Increased expression of this cytokine is strongly associated with the most common symptom of primary Sjogren's syndrome, the loss of salivary gland function. This finding led us to develop a therapy in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome by increasing the water permeability of the gland to restore saliva flow. Our study demonstrates that the targeted increase of gland permeability not only resulted in the restoration of secretory gland function but also resolved the hallmark salivary gland inflammation and systemic inflammation associated with disease. Secretory function also increased in the lacrimal gland, suggesting this local therapy could treat the systemic symptoms associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
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| 24. |
- Ly, Duy Nam, et al.
(författare)
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360TourGuiding: Towards Virtual Reality Training for Tour Guiding
- 2022
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Ingår i: MobileHCI 2022 Adjunct - Publication of the 24th ACM International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tour guiding plays an important role in turning sightseeing tours into memorable experiences. Tour guides, especially inexperienced ones, must practice intensively to perfect their craft. It is key that guides acquire knowledge about sights, in-situ presentation skills, and perfection ability to interact with and engage tourists. Therefore, tour-guide education requires on-site training at the place of interest including live tourist audiences. However, for modest budgets, such setups are costly and tourism students have to practice tour guiding at home or in simulated class-room setups. It has become a challenge for students to adequately prepare themselves for jobs in terms of relevant knowledge and skills. To tackle this problem, we propose 360TourGuiding, a VR system enabling its users to practice tour guiding with 360 travel videos plus the attendance of remote audiences participating through their mobile and personal device. This paper reports on the concept, on our design, current implementation, and on a pilot study with the current 360TourGuiding prototype. Based on qualitative feedback gained through the pilot study, we discuss possible system improvements, future system updates, and plans for empirical evaluation.
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| 25. |
- Manríquez, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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A dissimilar non-matching HDG discretization for Stokes flows
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-7825. ; 399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we propose and analyze an HDG method for the Stokes equation whose domain is discretized by two independent polygonal subdomains with different meshsizes. This causes a non-conformity at the intersection of the subdomains or leaves a gap (unmeshed region) between them. In order to appropriately couple these two different discretizations, we propose suitable transmission conditions to preserve the high order convergence of the scheme. Furthermore, stability estimates are established in order to show the well-posedness of the method and the error estimates. In particular, for smooth enough solutions, the L2 norm of the errors associated to the approximations of the velocity gradient, the velocity and the pressure are of order hk+1, where h is the meshsize and k is the polynomial degree of the local approximation spaces. Moreover, the method presents superconvergence of the velocity trace and the divergence-free postprocessed velocity. Finally, we show numerical experiments that validate our theory and the capacities of the method.
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