| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Vo, LNQ, et al.
(author)
-
Optimising diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection in community and primary care settings in two urban provinces of Viet Nam: a cohort study
- 2023
-
In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:2, s. e071537-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To end tuberculosis (TB), the vast reservoir of 1.7–2.3 billion TB infections (TBIs) must be addressed, but achieving global TB preventive therapy (TPT) targets seems unlikely. This study assessed the feasibility of using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) at lower healthcare levels and the comparative performance of 3-month and 9-month daily TPT regimens (3HR/9H).Design, setting, participants and interventionThis cohort study was implemented in two provinces of Viet Nam from May 2019 to September 2020. Participants included household contacts (HHCs), vulnerable community members and healthcare workers (HCWs) recruited at community-based TB screening events or HHC investigations at primary care centres, who were followed up throughout TPT.Primary and secondary outcomesWe constructed TBI care cascades describing indeterminate and positivity rates to assess feasibility, and initiation and completion rates to assess performance. We fitted mixed-effects logistic and stratified Cox models to identify factors associated with IGRA positivity and loss to follow-up (LTFU).ResultsAmong 5837 participants, the indeterminate rate was 0.8%, and 30.7% were IGRA positive. TPT initiation and completion rates were 63.3% (3HR=61.2% vs 9H=63.6%; p=0.147) and 80.6% (3HR=85.7% vs 9H=80.0%; p=0.522), respectively. Being male (adjusted OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.78; p<0.001), aged 45–59 years (1.30; 1.05 to 1.60; p=0.018) and exhibiting TB-related abnormalities on X-ray (2.23; 1.38 to 3.61; p=0.001) were associated with positive IGRA results. Risk of IGRA positivity was lower in periurban districts (0.55; 0.36 to 0.85; p=0.007), aged <15 years (0.18; 0.13 to 0.26; p<0.001), aged 15–29 years (0.56; 0.42 to 0.75; p<0.001) and HCWs (0.34; 0.24 to 0.48; p<0.001). The 3HR regimen (adjusted HR=3.83; 1.49 to 9.84; p=0.005) and HCWs (1.38; 1.25 to 1.53; p<0.001) showed higher hazards of LTFU.ConclusionProviding IGRAs at lower healthcare levels is feasible and along with shorter regimens may expand access and uptake towards meeting TPT targets, but scale-up may require complementary advocacy and education for beneficiaries and providers.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Dang, LVP, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of envelope sequence of HIV virus in children infected with HIV in Vietnam
- 2020
-
In: SAGE open medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2050-3121. ; 8, s. 2050312120937198-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV is characterized by high levels of genetic variability, including increased numbers of heterogeneous sequences of the envelope region. Therefore, studying genetic variability of HIV in relation to viral replication might facilitate prognosis of disease progression.Methods:The study was designed as cross-sectional; data and samples of participants collected and analyzed env genes were obtained from 23 children enrolled by Vietnam National Children’s Hospital.Results:Substantial mutations in the C2 region were found in patients with high levels of viral replication while changes in the C3 region were mostly found in patients with low viral load. In the V1 region, we found profound amino acid modifications in patients with low HIV viral loads in contrast to the V2 sequence, where we identified single point mutations in patients with increased HIV viral load. The V3 region was relatively homogeneous, while profound deletions in the V4 region were detected in patients with increased viral replication.Conclusion:Our results suggest that genetic variations in different regions of the HIV envelope sequence, including both conserved C2 and C3 and variable V1/V2 and V4 regions, might be involved in increased viral infectivity and replication capacity. Such knowledge might help improve prediction of HIV progress and treatment in patients.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Aubert, S, et al.
(author)
-
Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries
- 2022
-
In: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 19:11, s. 700-728
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation.
|
|
| 20. |
- Borgli, H, et al.
(author)
-
HyperKvasir, a comprehensive multi-class image and video dataset for gastrointestinal endoscopy
- 2020
-
In: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 7:1, s. 283-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artificial intelligence is currently a hot topic in medicine. However, medical data is often sparse and hard to obtain due to legal restrictions and lack of medical personnel for the cumbersome and tedious process to manually label training data. These constraints make it difficult to develop systems for automatic analysis, like detecting disease or other lesions. In this respect, this article presents HyperKvasir, the largest image and video dataset of the gastrointestinal tract available today. The data is collected during real gastro- and colonoscopy examinations at Bærum Hospital in Norway and partly labeled by experienced gastrointestinal endoscopists. The dataset contains 110,079 images and 374 videos, and represents anatomical landmarks as well as pathological and normal findings. The total number of images and video frames together is around 1 million. Initial experiments demonstrate the potential benefits of artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis systems. The HyperKvasir dataset can play a valuable role in developing better algorithms and computer-assisted examination systems not only for gastro- and colonoscopy, but also for other fields in medicine.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Dang, LVP, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular genotypes of gag sequences in HIV-1 infected children treated with antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam
- 2020
-
In: Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. - : SAGE Publications. - 2049-9361 .- 2049-937X. ; 7, s. 2049936120958536-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been reported to play a crucial role in establishing infection, viral replication, and disease progression; thus, gag might be related to treatment response. The objective of this study was to investigate molecular genotypes of the gag gene, particularly the important functional binding domains in relation to treatment outcomes. Methods: HIV-infected children enrolled and treated at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital were recruited in the study. A total of 25 gag sequences were generated and used to construct phylogenetic trees and aligned with a reference sequence comparing 17 functional domains. Results: We found that all patients in a treatment failure (TF) group belonged to one cluster of the phylogenetic tree. In addition, the rate of mutations was significantly higher in TF compared with a treatment success (TS) group, specifically the PIP2 recognition motif, and the nucleocapsid basic and zinc motif 2 domains [median and (interquartile range (IQR): 12.5 (6.25–12.5) versus 50 (25–50), p < 0.01; 0 (0–0) versus 0 (0–21.43), p = 0.03 and 0 (0–7.14) versus 7.14 (7.14–7.14), p = 0.04, respectively]. When analyzing gag sequences at different time points in seven patients, we did not observe a consistent mutation pattern related to treatment response. Conclusion: Gag mutations in certain domains might be associated with increased viral load; therefore, studying the molecular genotype of the gag gene might be beneficial in monitoring treatment response in HIV-infected children.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
