| 1. |
- Aila Gustafsson, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory for children at risk and protective factors for disordered eating in adolescent girls
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Women's Health. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1411. ; 2, s. 375-379
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to examine longitudinally the role of characteristics measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory-Child version (EDI-C) to find early predictors that might constitute risk and protective factors in the development of disordered eating.Method: Participants were divided into three groups based on eating attitudes at T2: disordered eating (n = 49), intermediate eating concern (n = 260), and healthy eating attitudes (n = 120). EDI-C from T1 (four to five years earlier) was then analyzed to find predictors of group classification at T2.Results: Drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction emerged as risk factors at T1, while drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interoceptive awareness emerged as protective factors after controlling for initial eating concerns and body mass index.Discussion: Eating disorders should not be seen as a result of a premorbid personality type. Rather we should take a more social-psychological perspective to explain how individual and sociocultural factors work together in the development of these conditions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Birgegård, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Anorexic self-control and bulimic self-hate : differential outcome prediction from initial self-image
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 42:6, s. 522-530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: The study investigated initial self-image (structural analysis of social behavior) and its relation to 36-month outcome, among patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Hypotheses were that degree of different aspects of self-image would predict outcome in the groups. METHOD:: Participants were 52 patients with anorexia and 91 with bulimia from a longitudinal naturalistic database, and outcome measures included eating disorder and psychiatric symptoms and a general outcome index. Stepwise regression was used to investigate which self-image variables were related to outcome, and multiple regression contrasted the groups directly on each obtained predictor. RESULTS:: Consistent with hypotheses, in bulimia degree of self-hate/self-love moderately predicted outcome, whereas self-control-related variables powerfully predicted outcome in anorexia. CONCLUSION:: It is important to focus on self-image in the treatment of both diagnostic groups, but especially in anorexia nervosa, where control-submission interactions between patient and therapist should be handled with care.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Björck, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Negative self-image and outcome in eating disorders : results at 3-year follow-up.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 8:3, s. 398-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Negative self-image has been hypothesised to be of aetiological significance in eating disorders; however, its relationship to outcome remains unclear. The present study examined the relationship between self-image and follow-up status in a heterogeneous sample of eating disorder patients (N=246). METHODS: Patients were assessed at intake and after 36 months. Self-image was measured using SASB, and a general outcome measure was calculated comprising eating disorder symptoms, occupational status, interpersonal relationships and general psychopathology. RESULTS: SASB self-hate was the most important variable for predicting poor outcome, followed by occupational status, interpersonal relationships, eating disorder symptoms, SASB self-emancipation and general psychiatric symptoms. Together these variables predicted 23% of the variance in outcome. DISCUSSION: High levels of self-hate may increase the risk of poor outcome in eating disorders by adversely affecting interpersonal relationships and making it difficult for patients to engage in treatment.
|
|
| 6. |
- Björck, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-image and treatment drop-out in eating disorders
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - Leicester, UK : British Psychological Society. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 81:1, s. 95-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Drop-out from treatment is a serious problem in eating disorders which remains poorly understood. The present study investigated whether self-image and interpersonal theory could help to explain why eating disorder patients drop out of treatment. Method: Intake data on eating disorder patients who terminated treatment prematurely (N=54) were compared with patients who had completed treatment (N=54) and those who were still in treatment after 12 months (N=54). Self-image was assessed using the structural analysis of social behaviour (SASB), and comparisons were made on demographic and clinical variables. Results: Patients who dropped out had initially presented with less negative self-image and fewer psychological problems compared with remainers. Low levels of SASB self-blame discriminated drop-outs from completers and remainers and significantly predicted treatment drop-out. Discussion: Drop-out in eating disorders appears to be a complex phenomenon, not necessarily as pathological as often assumed. There may be important differences in the treatment goals of drop-outs and therapists; patients who drop out may be choosing to disengage at a time when symptom improvement creates space for closer examination of interpersonal issues.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Björk, Tabita
(författare)
-
Measuring eating disorder outcome : definitions, dropout and patients' perspectives
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Despite a plethora of research, there are serious limitations in our knowledge of outcome in eating disorders. Almost all studies have been compromised by the problem of treatment dropout or non-participation in follow-ups. There exists a lack of consensus in definitions of outcome and choice of outcome measures, and there is a dearth of studies focusing on how patients subjectively perceive recovery. The overall aim of this thesis was to address problems in measuring outcome after treatment for eating disorders, with an emphasis on methodological issues. Specific areas of investigation included non-participation in long-term follow-ups, the role of self-image in treatment dropout, outcome among patients who drop out, patients’ subjective perspectives of recovery, and the impact of different methods of measuring outcome. Method: Four quantitative studies (I, II, III and V) were conducted within the framework of a large Swedish multi-centre study of eating disorders, which adopted a prospective, longitudinal and naturalistic design. Study IV was a qualitative investigation encompassing interviews with former ex-patients who were considered recovered. Results: Study I suggested that the reasons for non-participation in research were mainly patient related (69%). Those declining further participation in follow-ups were reported significantly lower levels of obsession-compulsion and anxiety, while those not traceable reported significantly higher levels of hostility at admission. Study II suggested that patients who dropped out from treatment initially presented with less negative self-image and fewer psychological problems compared to those who remained in treatment. Low levels of self-blame discriminated dropouts from completers and remainers, and significantly predicted treatment dropout. Study III found no significant differences between dropouts and completers at follow-up, with the exception that dropouts were more dissatisfied with treatment. However, patterns of treatment response revealed that those who completed treatment made significantly greater changes in terms of reduced eating disorder symptoms, fewer psychological problems and a more positive self-image compared to dropouts. Study IV found that patients who had recovered from an eating disorder tended to describe other dimensions of outcome than those usually reported in follow-ups. Patients tended to view recovery in terms of being able to relate in a relaxed and accepting manner to food, their bodies, themselves as individuals, and their social environment. Some perceived recovery in terms of coping better with emotions, while others experienced themselves as healthier than people generally regarding food and weight. Study V applied some of the most frequently used outcome measures for eating disorders and found marked variations in the number of patients who could be considered in remission. Overall remission rates varied from 24.3% to 77.8%, depending on the outcome measure used. Discussion: The results suggest that non-participation and dropout are not unitary phenomena. There is also a need for greater consensus on how eating disorder outcome should be measured. This is necessary in order to make comparisons between different outcome studies meaningful, and to elucidate the overall picture of eating disorders outcome.
|
|
| 9. |
- Björk, Tabita, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of different outcome measures on estimates of remission in a 3-year follow-up of eating disorders
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 19:1, s. 2-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the impact of using different outcome measures on estimates of remission rates in eating disorders (ED).Method: Adult ED patients (n = 334) included in a naturalistic, longitudinal project were assessed 3 years after intake. Remission was operationally defined using six different measures of outcome. Pairwise analyses of agreement between outcome measures were also calculated.Results: Remission rates for the entire group varied considerably from 24.3 to 77.8% depending on how remission was defined and who made the assessment (experts or patients). Outcome measures performed differently depending on diagnosis, and agreement between measures varied from none to very good.Conclusion: The impact of different definitions of outcome on remission estimates is considerable. There is a need to validate different estimates of remission by examining them in relation to multiple domains of outcome over time and by critically examining their relative merits both empirically and clinically.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Björk, Tabita, et al.
(författare)
-
What happened to the ones who dropped out? Outcome in eating disorder patients who complete or prematurely terminate treatment
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - New York : Wiley. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 17:2, s. 109-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of knowledge about the outcome of eating disorder patients who terminate treatment prematurely. The present study followed-up eating disorder patients who had previously dropped out of treatment and examined clinical status 36 months after intake. METHOD: Dropouts (n = 30) were compared with treatment completers (n = 52) on diagnostic status, clinical symptoms, psychosocial adjustment and treatment satisfaction at follow-up. Patterns of change from intake to follow-up within groups, as well as between groups, were explored. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups at follow-up, except for more treatment dissatisfaction reported among dropouts. When patterns of change were examined between groups, patients who completed treatment were found to have made significantly greater changes (less eating disorder symptoms, less psychological problems and more positive self-image) compared to dropouts. DISCUSSION: Although no significant differences in outcome were found between dropouts and completers, greater clinical improvement was found among those who completed treatment. The dropouts examined in this study did well despite premature termination of treatment. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
|
|
| 12. |
- Bratland-Sanda, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity in treatment units for eating disorders : Clinical practice and attitudes
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 14:2-3, s. E106-E112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) in eating disorders (ED) may be harmful, but in a therapeutic setting also beneficial. The purpose of this survey was to examine these contradictory aspects of PA in ED specialist treatment settings. We examined whether 1) PA is assessed by the unit, 2) the units have guidelines for managing excessive PA, 3) the units have staff with higher education and special competence in PA and exercise science, 4) how units regard PA in ED, 5) whether regular PA is integrated in the treatment programs, and 6) how the units rate the role of PA in the treatment of ED compared with other mental disorders. METHODS: Of the 49 units located in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, 41 (84%) responded to a questionnaire. RESULTS: In 28 units (68%) PA was assessed regularly. Excessive PA was considered a harmful symptom in ED, and most units reported guidelines to manage excessive PA. Thirty-two units included PA in their treatment programmes. Clinicians found PA most relevant in the treatment of obesity and, except for binge eating, less for ED. CONCLUSION: PA was more commonly integrated in treatment compared to previous studies. Future research should address how to manage excessive PA, and the potential beneficial role of PA in the treatment of ED. (Eating Weight Disord. 14: e106-e112, 2009). (C) 2009, Editrice Kurtis
|
|
| 13. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of eating disorders among patients receiving surgical vs non-surgical weight-loss treatments
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - Berlin : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 18:6, s. 715-720
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about differences between patients in surgical and non-surgical weight-loss treatments (WLT) regarding eating disorders, level of general psychopathology, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Such differences could indicate different clinical needs in the management of surgical compared to non-surgical WLT patients. METHODS: Participants were a subset of 100 patients from a Swedish study investigating the long-term effects of eating disorders in WLT. Participants filled out the Eating Disorders in Obesity Questionnaire as well as self-rating questionnaires of general psychopathology and HRQL before initiating surgical (n = 54) or non-surgical (n = 46) WLT. RESULTS: Eating disorders were found to be more common among patients accepted for surgical treatments, whereas binge eating (as a symptom) was found to be equally common in both groups. Surgical patients also indicated higher levels of psychopathology compared to those receiving non-surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients in surgical WLT are younger, more obese, and indicate higher levels of eating disorders and psychopathology than non-surgical WLT patients. Results highlight the importance of surgical WLT units having adequate knowledge, resources, and methods for detecting and addressing issues of eating disorders and psychopathology before and during the WLT. Future longitudinal studies need to ascertain to what extent eating and general psychopathology influence the outcome of WLT in terms of lapses, complications, weight gain, quality of life, etc.
|
|
| 14. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim
(författare)
-
Binge eating and obesity treatment : prevalence, measurement and long-term outcome
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eating disorders and binge eating has repeatedly been shown to be common in surgical and behavioural weight loss treatments. Due to methodological variations and shortcomings in previous research, there is insufficient information about how eating disorders and binge eating are associated with outcome in weight loss treatments. There is therefore no consensus on how eating pathology should be adressed in weight loss treatments, which has led to large differences in the clinical practice. The main aim of this thesis was to address the issues of eating disorders and binge eating in weight loss treatments, and to investigate how binge eating is associated with long-term treatment outcome.
|
|
| 15. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Binge eating in surgical weight-loss treatments : long-term associations with weight loss, health related quality of life (HRQL), and psychopathology
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis S R L. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:4, s. E263-E269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies that have investigated the relationship between binge eating and the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery have shown mixed results. Does binge eating affect long-term BMI, health-related quality of life (HRQL), or psychopathology after surgery?METHODS: We assessed 173 bariatric patients before and three years after weight loss surgery with regard to weight, binge eating, HRQL, and psychopathology.RESULTS: Binge eating before and after weight loss surgery was unrelated to long-term BMI outcome. Binge eating after weight loss surgery was associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL.CONCLUSIONS: Binge eating before or after weight loss surgery does not predict long-term BMI outcome. Therefore, exclusions from surgery for this reason alone are difficult to motivate. However, results show that binge eating after weight loss surgery is common and is associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL, which might increase the vulnerability for future weight regain and complications beyond the follow-up period of the present study. The high rate of binge eating after surgery and its negative association with HRQL and psychopathology suggest that we need to be observant of the occurrence and potential effects of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery.
|
|
| 16. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Eating disorders and disordered eating among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment in Sweden
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 7:1, s. 15-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study of 194 Swedish men and women seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment was to investigate the presence of eating disorders and binge eating symptoms and to compare these two groups of patients with a group without eating disorder- or binge eating symptoms. The groups were compared in regard to co-morbid psychopathology, Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and anthropometric data. Of the total sample, 9.8% fulfilled criteria for any eating disorder. An additional 7.2% indicated binge eating symptoms without having an eating disorder. The three groups were significantly different in regard to psychopathology scales and most HRQL items. Eating disorders and binge eating symptoms are common among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatments in Sweden and both groups showed elevated levels of co-morbid psychopathology and lower HRQL compared to patients without disordered eating. These findings point to the importance of assessing the full range of eating disorder symptoms and disorders as well as HRQL and co-morbid psychopathology before weight-loss treatment, as these factors might affect treatment outcome.
|
|
| 17. |
- De Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders in Obesity questionnaire : Validating against the Eating Disorder Examination interview
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis s.r.l.. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 12:4, s. 168-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inconclusive results of how weight-loss treatment (WLT) results are affected by participants' eating disorders and/or binge eating are partly due to the variation caused by the multitude of assessment instruments used. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short DSM-IV-based assessment instrument designed to be used specifically in WLT settings, the Eating Disorders in Obesity (EDO) questionnaire. Participants were 97 patients seeking WLT at four surgical and one non-surgical clinics. Participants were assessed by the EDO and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview . The validity and reliability of the EDO was measured as concordance with the EDE, and test-retest agreement of the EDO, respectively. Validity as well as reliability was found to be good for both eating disorders diagnoses and binge eating as a distinct symptom. Results suggest that the EDO is a short, easily administered instrument with good psychometric properties which makes it a suitable, economical method of assessing eating disorders and binge eating in clinical WLT settings. ©2007, Editrice Kurtis.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Forsén Mantilla, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-image and 12-month outcome in females with eating disorders : extending previous findings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eating Disorders. - : BMC. - 2050-2974. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe interpersonal Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model of self-image has repeatedly proven valuable in relation to eating disorder (ED) symptoms and in predicting ED outcome.ObjectiveWe studied the association between initial self-image according to the SASB and 12-month outcome, in five diagnostic groups of female ED patients. Based on previous findings, we expected autonomy related variables (self-control/autonomy) would strongly predict outcome in anorexia nervosa (AN) groups, whereas variables related to affiliation (self-attack/love) would moderately predict outcome in bulimia nervosa (BN).MethodParticipants were adult female patients, of whom 457 had AN restrictive type, 228 AN binge/purge subtype, 861 BN, 505 other specified ED and 170 binge eating disorder. Data came from the Stepwise clinical database in Sweden. Outcomes were presence/absence of ED diagnosis and self-rated ED symptoms, and we controlled for baseline ED pathology, BMI, age and general psychiatric symptoms.ResultsRegression analyses showed that although the pattern differed somewhat between diagnostic groups, high initial self-love and low self-attack/self-blame predicted a more positive 12-month outcome. In some groups (AN/R in particular), these variables remained important even when baseline pathology and age were included in the analyses.DiscussionSelf-image aspects once again display substantial power in predicting outcome in EDs. In AN/R patients, self-love plays an almost as crucial a role as baseline ED pathology in relation to 12-month outcome.
|
|
| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
How to deal with perceived expectations in daily life : reflections of adolescent girls suffering from eating disorders
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate how adolescent girls with eating disorders reflect upon various ways of dealing with societal expectations in daily life. Eighteen interviews with girls in the age span 15-19 were analysed using the phenomenographic approach.The results could be summarized into three qualitatively different conceptions: A) being oneself, B) adapting to different situations and C) presenting oneself in a positive light. These conceptions were expressed in five courses of action.
|
|
| 21. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, et al.
(författare)
-
How to deal with sociocultural pressures in daily life : reflections of adolescent girls suffering from eating disorders
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 1178-2390. ; 4, s. 103-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescent girls with eating disorders experience unattainable and contradictory expectations in daily life, which create stress and negatively affect their self-evaluation. Disordered eating may function as a way of seeking control and consistency. In order to make progress in the understanding of eating disorders, the aim of this study was to describe how adolescent girls with eating disorders reflect upon ways of dealing with sociocultural pressures in daily life. Eighteen interviews with girls aged 15–19 years were analyzed using a phenomenographic approach. The results were summarized into three conceptions: ‘Striving to be oneself" (conception A) was described as the most desirable, but also the hardest. "Adapting to various situations’ (conception B) was used without much reflection, as long as it worked, but when this way of dealing with everyday expectations was unsuccessful it was evaluated negatively. "Presenting oneself in a positive light" (conception C) was described negatively even when it was successful. Within these conceptions, the participants described various strategies that could be used more or less effectively depending on the circumstances. A common theme was their difficulties in finding a balance between trying harder to live up to perceived expectations from others on one hand, and trying to accept the situation as it was, without trying to change themselves or the situation, on the other hand. The participants believed that their eating disorder was partly a result of being unable to deal with sociocultural pressures in an effective way, and they experienced a conflict between societal values of being assertive and values of being interpersonally oriented. Implications for treatment are discussed.
|
|
| 22. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived expectations in daily life among adolescent girls suffering from an eating disorder : A Phenomenographic Study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Eating Disorders. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 1064-0266 .- 1532-530X. ; 18:1, s. 25-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the variation of perceived expectations in daily life of adolescent girls suffering from eating disorders. Eighteen interviews with girls between the age of 15 and 19 years were analyzed according to the phenomenographic approach. The results could be summarized into three categories: expectations from others, self-imposed expectations, and conflicting expectations. Each of these could be further subdivided into two conceptions. Conflicting and unattainable expectations were severe stressors in the informants’ lives. Many informants had problems identifying expectations that were not explicit. The informants internalized these expectations and interpreted them to be self-imposed. Clinical implications are suggested.
|
|
| 23. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, et al.
(författare)
-
Personal standards, self-evaluation and perceived benefits of thinness in girls and young women with disturbed eating
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 16:6, s. 463-471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine personal standards, self-evaluation and perceived benefits of thinness in Swedish females 14-21 years with disturbed eating (DE) and to compare these to a group with other psychosocial problems and to a symptom free group. Seventy subjects with DE-group, 65 subjects with psychosocial problems and 70 symptom free subjects were compared regarding items selected from four questionnaires. High personal standards expressed in a competitive way were specific for the DE-group. In comparison with the other groups the DE-group also reported significantly more perceived benefits of thinness and they more frequently believed that thinness would make them more popular. The DE-group also reported a more negative self-evaluation, although this was a trait shared with the subjects with other psychosocial problems and consequently not specific for the DE-group. Identifying specific factors that perpetuate DE habits is important in order to improve our understanding and enhance the treatment of eating disorders.
|
|
| 24. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk and protective factors for disturbed eating in adolescent girls : aspects of perfectionism and attitudes to eating and weight
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - Chichester : Wiley. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 17:5, s. 380-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine the role of personal standards, self-evaluation, perceived benefits of thinness and attitudes to eating and weight in the development of healthy versus disturbed eating in adolescent girls. In a longitudinal study, girls who participated in two assessments, four to five years apart, were divided into three groups according to the attitudes to eating that they manifested at the second evaluation: those with disturbed eating patterns (DE-group, n = 49), those with intermediate concerns about eating (IE-group, n = 260) and those with healthy eating attitudes (HE-group, n = 120). Variables concerning attitudes to eating and weight and physical self-evaluation emerged as risk factors, whereas personal standards or self-evaluation in general did not. Protective factors were a low BMI, healthy eating attitudes, an accepting attitude towards body size and a positive self-evaluation, particularly with regard to physical and psychological characteristics. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of early risk and protective factors for eating disturbances in girls.
|
|
| 25. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-
(författare)
-
The importance of being thin : perceived expectations from self and others and the effect on self-evaluation in girls with disordered eating
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of this thesis were to examine personal standards, self-evaluation and attitudes to eating and weight in the development of disturbed eating in adolescent girls, and to examine how adolescent girls with a clinical eating disorder reflect upon and deal with perceived expectations in daily life.Studies I and II were quantitative studies, conducted in a population-based longitudinal study. Studies III and IV were qualitative interview studies of girls who were suffering from eating disorders and the data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Study I showed that high personal standards expressed in a competitive way were specific for the girls with disturbed eating. These girls also reported a negative physical self-evaluation and often believed that thinness would make them more popular. In study II variables concerning attitudes to eating and weight and physical self-evaluation emerged as risk factors for disturbed eating, whereas personal standards or self-evaluation in general did not. Protective factors were a low BMI, healthy eating attitudes, an accepting attitude towards body size and a positive self-evaluation. Three categories of perceived expectations were described in study III: expectations from others, self-imposed expectations and conflicting expectations. Many informants had problems identifying expectations that were not explicit and they interpreted them as self-imposed. In study IV the various ways in which the informants reflected on dealing with these expectations were summarized into three qualitatively different conceptions: being oneself, adapting to different situations and presenting oneself in a positive light. These conceptions were expressed in five patterns of action, which could have various functions for different individuals and in different situations.The results suggest that in order to prevent and treat eating disorders and related problems it is essential to integrate both intrapersonal and contextual factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of these conditions.
|
|
