| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Nyberg, Lena, 1979, et al.
(author)
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A single-step competitive binding assay for mapping of single DNA molecules
- 2012
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 417:1, s. 404-408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical mapping of genomic DNA is of relevance for a plethora of applications such as scaffolding for sequencing and detection of structural variations as well as identification cif pathogens like bacteria and viruses. For future clinical applications it is desirable to have a fast and robust mapping method based on as few steps as possible. We here demonstrate a single-step method to obtain a DNA barcode that is directly visualized using nanofluidic devices and fluorescence microscopy. Using a mixture of YOYO-1, a bright DNA dye, and netropsin, a natural antibiotic with very high AT specificity, we obtain a DNA map with a fluorescence intensity profile along the DNA that reflects the underlying sequence. The netropsin binds to AT-tetrads and blocks these binding sites from YOYO-1 binding which results in lower fluorescence intensity from AT-rich regions of the DNA. We thus obtain a DNA barcode that is dark in AT-rich regions and bright in GC-rich regions with kilobasepair resolution. We demonstrate the versatility of the method by obtaining a barcode on DNA from the phage T4 that captures its circular permutation and agrees well with its known sequence.
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| 4. |
- Schömer, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Grounding worker conditions in the procurement of social welfare services
- 2019
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In: Labour Law and the Welfare State. - Uppsala : Iustus. ; , s. 209-230
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article examines ways in which Swedish municipalities steer the selection of providers when procuring welfare services in the areas of homecare and personal assistance. It focuses particularly on issues related to working conditions and occupational health and safety.1 In accordance with Sweden’s Freedom of Choice Act (Lag [2008:962] om valfrihetssystem, LOV), municipal authorities and regional county boards may choose to outsource their welfare services through public procurement to private competition by allowing individual users to choose their own providers of health care and social services. Those municipalities and counties that implement freedom of choice systems must do so under the legal requirements set out in LOV. For municipal governments, implementing a system of choice is optional, while for county governments, a choice system in primary health care is mandatory under chapter 5 of the Health and Medical Services Act (Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen |2017:30]). The LOV regulates the procurement process by which contracting authorities outsource services through procurements to competition, by allowing individual users to choose their own providers. The government, however, retains overall responsibility for the services provided, and users pay the same price no matter what provider they choose. Private providers are remunerated by municipalities at a flat rate for services rendered (LOV, chapter 4, sections 1–2). This means that while the public sector assumes all the financial risk, it no longer has any “direct” insight into the operations of homecare and/or personal assistance service providers. The Public Procurement Act (Lag [2016:1145] om offentlig upphandling, LOU), which entered into force on January 1, 2017, applies in parallel with the LOV. Sweden’s supervisory body for public procurement, the Competition Authority (Konkurrensverket), recently stated that “there are good opportunities for doing good business while also contributing to sustainable development and ensuring robust competition inthe marketplace.”2 The LOU stipulates that contracting authorities “shall treat suppliers equally and without discrimination and shall conduct procurements in a transparent manner. Further, procurements shall be conducted in accordance withthe principles of mutual recognition and proportionality” (chapter 4, section 1). The LOU further states that although no supplier may be intentionally either “unduly favored or disadvantaged” (chapter 4, section 2), it should nonetheless be possible for public procurements to “take environmental considerations, and social and labor law considerations into account...if the nature of the procurement so justifies” (chapter 4, section 3).
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| 5. |
- Selegård, Linnéa, et al.
(author)
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Step by step rare-earth catalyzed SiOx annealing and simultaneous formation of Europium- silicide by low coverage of Eu doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles
- 2021
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In: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 704
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the formation of silicide by annealing of a SiOx surface, with low coverage of Eu doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles. The annealing temperature required for removal of native oxide from the Si substrate decreases with close to 200 °C in presence of the nanoparticles. X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, low-energy electron microscopy and mirror electron microscopy are used to monitor the silicide formation and SiOx removal. Fragmentation of the nanoparticles is observed, and the SiOx layer is gradually removed. Eu migrates to clean Si areas during the annealing process, while Gd is found in areas where oxide is still present. This annealing process is clearly facilitated in the presence of rare-earth based nanoparticles, where nanoparticles are suggested to function as reaction sites to catalyze the oxygen removal and simultaneously form Eu based silicide. Reduction of the annealing temperature of SiOx substrates is also observed in presence of pure Eu3+ and Gd3+ ions. Simultaneous oxygen removal and EuSi formation enable this new rare-earth catalyzed annealing and silicide formation to find applications both within optoelectronics and processing microelectronic industry.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Armstrong, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Lysosomal Network Proteins as Potential Novel CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimers Disease
- 2014
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In: Neuromolecular medicine. - : Humana Press. - 1535-1084 .- 1559-1174. ; 16:1, s. 150-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The success of future intervention strategies for Alzheimers disease (AD) will likely rely on the development of treatments starting early in the disease course, before irreversible brain damage occurs. The pre-symptomatic stage of AD occurs at least one decade before the clinical onset, highlighting the need for validated biomarkers that reflect this early period. Reliable biomarkers for AD are also needed in research and clinics for diagnosis, patient stratification, clinical trials, monitoring of disease progression and the development of new treatments. Changes in the lysosomal network, i.e., the endosomal, lysosomal and autophagy systems, are among the first alterations observed in an AD brain. In this study, we performed a targeted search for lysosomal network proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thirty-four proteins were investigated, and six of them, early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1), lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LAMP-1, LAMP-2), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Rab3 and Rab7, were significantly increased in the CSF from AD patients compared with neurological controls. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort of CSF samples, and patients with no neurochemical evidence of AD, apart from increased total-tau, were found to have EEA1 levels corresponding to the increased total-tau levels. These findings indicate that increased levels of LAMP-1, LAMP-2, LC3, Rab3 and Rab7 in the CSF might be specific for AD, and increased EEA1 levels may be a sign of general neurodegeneration. These six lysosomal network proteins are potential AD biomarkers and may be used to investigate lysosomal involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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| 8. |
- Bergsten, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Designing engaging computer based simulation games for increasing societal resilience to payment system
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 166-172, s. 166-172
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large or lengthy disruptions to the card payment system are threats that can cause crisis in society, especially in countries where other payment options are scarce. This paper presents a study that provides suggestions on how to improve a simulation game used to increase societal resilience to payment system disruptions. Questionnaires and interviews have been used to investigate how 16 participant in crisis exercises experience realism, relevance and validity in such exercises. Suggestions on how to improve the simulation game are provided, such as improvements to the graphical interface and introducing supporting roles from the exercise management.
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| 9. |
- Blommé, Linnéa, et al.
(author)
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ILO-kommittén och ILO:s reglering av det nationella trepartsarbetet
- 2020
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In: Sverige och ILO. - Stockholm : Svenska ILO-kommittén. ; , s. 131-180
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Fokus i detta kapitel ligger på den svenska ILO-kommitténs verksamhet från 1977 till våra dagar (avsnitt 4). 1977 var ett avgörande år för ILO-kommittén. Genom ratifikationen av ILO:s konvention nr 144 om samråd på trepartsbasis för att främja genomförandet av ILO:s normer (1976) ändrades förutsättningarna för ILO-kommitténs verksamhet och kommittén fick en ny instruktion som arbetet ännu idag utgår ifrån. Det huvudsakliga syftet med kapitlet är att belysa ILO-kommitténs roll över tid och fånga in vissa utvecklingslinjer. Strukturen i avsnittet utgår från de uppgifter ILO-kommittén har enligt sin instruktion. Avsnitt 2 går dock längre tillbaka i tiden för att beskriva kommitténs tillkomsthistoria. I avsnitt 3 avhandlas bakgrund och framväxt av ILO:s konvention nr 144. I avsnitt 5 lyfts EU-medlemskapets inverkan på ILO-kommitténs arbete och i avsnitt 6 görs en jämförelse med övriga nordiska länders motsvarande organ. Avslutningsvis ges i avsnitt 7 några sammanfattande reflektioner.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Breaking the mold : Reinterpreting industrial digital transformation and co-workership
- 2024
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In: Abstract book WIL Conference 2024. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789189325692 ; , s. 14-14
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper builds on the need to reinterpret industrial digital transformation and co-workership with the starting point that introducing and implementing digital initiatives is a multifaceted challenge for the manufacturing industry. Hence, this paper addresses how co-workership in manufacturing can be reinterpreted when navigating organizational and technological aspects of industrial digital transformation. To answer this, co-workers at different organizational levels have participated in five focus groups with a total of 25 participants to reinterpret industrial digital transformation over time, collaboratively structuring what the endeavors might entail. The results show that participants are positive towards digital technologies but critical towards organizational changes. It is argued that this affects the four conceptual pairs of the co-workership wheel. Thus, this paper contributes a revised model for co-workership for industrial digital transformation that contributes to the needed technological and organizational innovation
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Desperately seeking industrial digital strategy : a dynamic capability approach
- 2021
-
In: International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1479-3121 .- 1479-313X. ; 12:4, s. 345-364
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study focuses on managers’ perceptions of organisational capabilities for strategy formulation related to industrial digitalisation. A qualitative case study based on ten interviews in two manufacturing companies explores managers’ perceptions of industrial digitalisation. A dynamic capability framework, consisting of the organisational capabilities sensing, seizing, and transforming opportunities, is applied to recognise and analyse nuances in managers’ interpretation of prevailing organisational capabilities. Findings reveal that the studied companies have a limited maturity concerning knowledge, skills, and resources for industrial digitalisation which is needed in order to formulate a digital strategy. An additional core capability was discerned, i.e., ’seeking’. Seeking includes actions for articulating, appropriating, and involving in the very early phases of understanding and formulating a digital strategy. This article contributes to the existing dynamic capability framework by adding the core capability seeking illustrated in an elaborated and holistic ’dynamic capability loop’. The loop frames industrial digitalisation as a continuous process closely integrated with strategy formulation.
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Managers’ Perceptions of Industrial Digitalization in the Early Phases of a Pandemic : A Qualitative Study
- 2022
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In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - : CEUR-WS. ; , s. 99-110
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper explores how managers in the manufacturing industry simultaneously accommodated industrial digitalization and the impact of COVID-19. Managers’ views and understanding of industrial digitalization during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic are narrated through the circumstances that came to their proxy during the spring of 2020. The study result is based on qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with eight small- and medium-sized manufacturing managers. This study contributes by giving empirically informed implications on manufacturing managers’ perception of industrial digitalization during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings show that industrial digitalization due to the COVID-19 pandemic is viewed differently from previous digitalization processes, causing new ways for managers to perceive how and why digital technologies may be implemented. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Linnea
(author)
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Social Aspects of Strategizing Industrial Digitalization
- 2023
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to contribute to understanding how contemporary Swedish manufacturing organizations can strategize industrial digitalization with an emerging focus on social aspects. It complements earlier research by highlighting Swedish manufacturing organizations as they stand at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.The thesis is a longitudinal case study of interviews and focus groups between early 2019 and spring 2023. The case study follows an explorative approach to give texture to industrial digitalization and to understand the social aspects of strategizing industrial digitalization. It is limited to the Swedish context and the characteristics of original equipment manufacturers.The thesis contributes by texturizing industrial digitalization through three social aspects, which are argued to be a way for manufacturing organizations to give shape to industrial digitalization. The social aspects elaborated on and presented in this thesis are: to look beyond digital technologies, to formalize a shared understanding, and to transcend organizational structures. These social aspects are thematic but also interlinked. Together, these social aspects bring insights into how managers can guide the organizational capabilities to ensure synergy between an organization’s actions and objectives when strategizing industrial digitalization. Strategizing industrial digitalization should, therefore, be texturized by each organization to define and redefine its organizational capabilities. This means each organization's social aspects are unique, making the manufacturing organizations' capabilities unique.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Taking Responsibility for Industrial Digitalization : Navigating Organizational Challenges
- 2022
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:2, s. 866-866
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, an employee perspective has been applied in aiming to explore how organizations face challenges and take responsibility for industrial digitalization, thus extending the research on the human-centric perspective in relation to Industry 4.0 technologies. To give emphasis to the human-centric perspective, the co-workership wheel was applied to identify and analyze data. The findings of an explorative longitudinal qualitative case study consisting of 35 in-depth interviews with informants from a manufacturing company were used. Additional data collection consisted of documents and project meetings. By applying a human-centric perspective, llessons learned from this case study show that taking responsibility for industrial digitalization is challenging and the importance of an adaptive organizational culture and a focus on learning and competence are crucial. We argue that the findings give useful implications for manufacturing organizations navigating the challenges of industrial digitalization to sense and seize the benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies.
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| 16. |
- de Blanche, Andreas, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Artificial and human aspects of Industry 4.0: an industrial work-integrated-learning research agenda
- 2021
-
In: VILÄR. - 9789189325036
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The manufacturing industry is currently under extreme pressure to transform their organizations and competencies to reap the benefits of industry 4.0. The main driver for industry 4.0 is digitalization with disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things, digital platforms, etc. Industrial applications and research studies have shown promising results, but they rarely involve a human-centric perspective. Given this, we argue there is a lack of knowledge on how disruptive technologies take part in human decision-making and learning practices, and to what extent disruptive technologies may support both employees and organizations to “learn”. In recent research the importance and need of including a human-centric perspective in industry 4.0 is raised including a human learning and decision-making approach. Hence, disruptive technologies, by themselves, no longer consider to solve the actual problems.Considering the richness of this topic, we propose an industrial work-integrated-learning research agenda to illuminate a human-centric perspective in Industry 4.0. This work-in-progress literature review aims to provide a research agenda on what and how application areas are covered in earlier research. Furthermore, the review identifies obstacles and opportunities that may affect manufacturing to reap the benefits of Industry 4.0. As part of the research, several inter-disciplinary areas are identified, in which industrial work-integrated-learning should be considered to enhance the design, implementation, and use of Industry 4.0 technologies. In conclusion, this study proposes a research agenda aimed at furthering research on how industrial digitalization can approach human and artificial intelligence through industrial work-integrated-learning for a future digitalized manufacturing.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Beyond lean production practices and Industry 4.0 technologies toward the human-centric Industry 5.0
- 2024
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In: Technological Sustainability. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2754-1312 .- 2754-1320.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Both technological and human-centric perspectives need to be acknowledged when combining lean production practices and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. This study aims to explore and explain how lean production practices and I4.0 technologies may coexist to enhance the human-centric perspective of manufacturing operations in the era of Industry 5.0 (I5.0).Design/methodology/approach The research approach is an explorative and longitudinal case study. The qualitative data collection encompasses respondents from different job functions and organizational levels to cover the entire organization. In total, 18 interviews with 19 interviewees and five focus groups with a total of 25 participants are included.Findings Identified challenges bring forth that manufacturing organizations must have the ability to see beyond lean production philosophy and I4.0 to meet the demand for a human-centric perspective in socially sustainable manufacturing in the era of Industry 5.0. Practical implications The study suggests that while lean production practices and I4.0 practices may be considered separately, they need to be integrated as complementary approaches. This underscores the complexity of managing simultaneous organizational changes and new digital initiatives.Social implications The research presented illuminates the elusive phenomena comprising the combined aspects of a human-centric perspective, specifically bringing forth implications for the co-existence of lean production practices and I4.0 technologies, in the transformation towards I5.0.Originality/value The study contributes to new avenues of research within the field of socially sustainable manufacturing. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the human-centric perspective when transforming organizations towards Industry 5.0.
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Socially Sustainable, Smart Manufacturing : Building Bridges Over Troubled Waters
- 2024
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In: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - : Springer. - 2195-4356 .- 2195-4364. - 9783031381645 - 9783031381652 ; , s. 833-841
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contemporary manufacturing organizations formulate strategies towards smart manufacturing. However, strategies often merely regard technological improvements of working processes and activities and pay limited attention to human-centric perspectives. This study addresses the complex phenomenon of reaching socially sustainable smart manufacturing by exploring the human-centric perspectives in the eras of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Data were collected through an explorative qualitative case study with focus groups applying the history wall approach to document informants’ choices of activities that impact digitalization. To investigate informants’ interpretations and experiences of digital initiatives and prospects, the history wall approach was coupled with the analytical lens of the co-workership wheel, with its four conceptual pairs: trust and openness, community spirit and cooperation, engagement and meaningfulness, responsibility, and initiative. A total of 17 informants from different organizational levels at a case company participated. Activities, impacting digitalization, brought forward were grouped into technology, organization, and external impact. Results showed that human-centric and intangible perspectives surfaced as prerequisites when navigating industrial digitalization. Further, digital initiatives and prospects risk drowning in re-occurring organizational changes making successful implementation difficult. Thus, organizations cannot rely solely on technology, but must consider activities related to organizational aspects and impacts from the external environment, when introducing digital initiatives. Intrinsically, recognition of the co-workership concept, emphasizing human-centricity, can support the foundation necessary for bridging the gap towards socially sustainable smart manufacturing and strengthening the emerging I5.0 research.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
To digitalize or not? Navigating and merging human : and technology perspectives in production planning and control
- 2022
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In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Nature. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contemporary manufacturing companies are navigating industrial digitalization anticipating increased production efciency and competitiveness in a volatile environment. This study focuses on the implementation processes of digital tools for production planning and control (PPC), i.e., advanced planning and scheduling (APS) software, in relation to the application of analog planning with physical fow boards. Digital tools can support understanding the consequences of production changes and variations, hence facilitating adaptable and resilient manufacturing. However, technological changes can be daunting, and efective implementations require dynamic capabilities to remain competitive in elusive environments. The aim is to study the implementation processes of an APS software to understand the requirements of fruitfully moving from analog planning to next-generation digital tools for decision support in PPC. The paper presents an explorative case study, at a manufacturing company within the energy sector. The interview study took place over 9 months during 2020–2021, investigating current and retrospective aspects of the case across 2019–2021. The case study comprises 17 in-depth interviews with a range of company employees, e.g., logistics managers and functions responsible for digitalization development. The results highlight the challenges of implementing and especially trusting digital tools for PPC. To realize the value of digital tools for PPC, it is argued that it is imperative to simultaneously apply a human-centric perspective in decision making to ensure trustworthy, sustainable, and resilient human-data-technology nexus implementations towards smart manufacturing
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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The role of middle actors in electrification of transport in Swedish rural areas
- 2022
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 10:3, s. 1706-1714
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we use the middle-out perspective to analyze the diffusion of electric cars and plug-in hybrids in Swedish rural areas and small towns. In Sweden, electrification of the transport system is a priority, particularly in car-dependent rural areas. However, the transition to electromobility mainly takes place in major urban areas. To understand the dynamics of the transition to electrified transport and identify how it may be facilitated, we identify top actors, bottom actors, and middle actors and analyze how middle actors exert influence. Our case study is based on in-depth interviews with civil servants who work with energy and transport issues in rural areas throughout Sweden and with representatives of energy companies and government agencies. We show that three middle actors are important: municipalities, local energy companies, and local car dealers. The municipalities and local energy companies mainly exert influence by knowledge diffusion and by contributing to projects such as charging infrastructure development. The car dealers are examples of middle actors who could play a central role by influencing consumers, but who currently often obstruct electric vehicle diffusion. We find that the support of top actors is very important for middle actors to be able to facilitate diffusion of electric cars and plug-in hybrids. Municipalities are in a unique position to use their knowledge, local networks, and sideways and upwards connections to strengthen the agency and capacity of citizens and small businesses (bottom actors). However, as small Swedish municipalities often have limited resources, long-term support from government agencies (top actors) is crucial. As middle actors are so important for the diffusion of electric vehicles, especially in the rural context where market forces are weaker than in the urban context, national policy for electrification of transport should support them.
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| 22. |
- Hassan, Amin S, et al.
(author)
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A Stronger Innate Immune Response During Hyperacute HIV-1 Infection is associated with ACUTE retroviral syndrome
- 2021
-
In: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591 .- 1058-4838. ; 73:5, s. 832-841
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) is associated with HIV-1 subtype and disease progression, but the underlying immunopathological pathways are poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate associations between innate immune responses during hyperacute HIV-1 infection (hAHI) and ARS.METHODS: Plasma samples obtained from volunteers (≥18.0 years) before and during hAHI, defined as HIV-1 antibody negative and RNA or p24 antigen positive from Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia and Sweden were analysed. Forty soluble innate immune markers were measured using multiplexed assays. Immune responses were differentiated into volunteers with stronger and comparatively weaker responses using principal component analysis. Presence or absence of ARS was defined based on eleven symptoms using latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between immune responses and ARS.RESULTS: Of 55 volunteers, 31 (56%) had ARS. Volunteers with stronger immune responses (n=36 [65%]) had increased odds of ARS which was independent of HIV-1 subtype, age, and risk group (adjusted odds ratio, 7.1 [95% CI: 1.7-28.8], p=0.003). IP-10 was fourteen-fold higher during hAHI, elevated in seven of the eleven symptoms, and independently associated with ARS. IP-10 threshold >466.0 pg/mL differentiated stronger immune responses with a sensitivity of 84.2% (95% CI: 60.4-96.6) and specificity of 100.0% (95% CI: 90.3-100.0).CONCLUSIONS: A stronger innate immune response during hAHI was associated with ARS. Plasma IP-10 may be a candidate biomarker of stronger innate immunity. Our findings provide further insights on innate immune responses in regulating ARS and may inform the design of vaccine candidates harnessing innate immunity.
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| 23. |
- Hattinger, Monika, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Reviewing human-centric themes in intelligent manufacturing research
- 2022
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In: International Conference on Work Integrated Learning. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789189325302 ; , s. 125-127
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the era of Industry 4.0, emergent digital technologies generate profound transformations in the industry toward developing intelligent manufacturing. The technologies included in Industry 4.0 are expected to bring new perspectives to the industry on how manufacturing can integrate new solutions to get maximum output with minimum resource utilization (Kamble et al., 2018). Industry 4.0 technologies create a great impact on production systems and processes, however, affect organizational structures and working life conditions by disrupting employees’ everyday practices and knowledge, in which competence and learning, human interaction, and organizational structures are key. Hence, new digital solutions need to be integrated with work and learning to generate more holistic and sustainable businesses (Carlsson et al., 2021).The core Industry 4.0 technologies are built on cyber-physical systems (CPS), cloud computing, and the Internet of things (IoT) (Kagermann et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2018). In recent years, an array of additional technologies has been developed further, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), cyber security, robotics, and automation. Industry 4.0 aims to create a potential for faster delivery times, more efficient and automated processes, higher quality, and customized products (Zheng et al., 2021). Hence, the ongoing transformation through the technological shift of production in combination with market demands pushes the industry and its production process.Recent research has substantially contributed to an increased understanding of the technological aspects of Industry 4.0. However, the utilization of technologies is only a part of the complex puzzle making up Industry 4.0 (Kagermann et al., 2013; Zheng et al., 2021). The impact Industry 4.0 technologies and application s have on the industrial context also changes and disrupts existing and traditional work practices (Taylor et al., 2020), management and leadership (Saucedo-Martínez et al., 2018), learning and skills (Tvenge & Martinsen, 2018), and education (Das et al., 2020). This research has shown a growing interest in human-centric aspects of Industry 4.0 (Nahavandi, 2019), i.e., the transformative effects Industry 4.0 has on humans, workplace design, organizational routines, skills, learning, etc. However, these aspects are scarcely considered in-depth. Given this, and from a holistic point of view, there is a need to understand intelligent manufacturing practice from a human-centric perspective, where issues of work practices and learning are integrated, herein refe rred to as industrial work-integrated learning. I-WIL is a research area that particularly pays attention to knowledge production and learning capabilities related to use and development when technology and humans co -exist in industrial work settings (Shahlaei & Lundh Snis, 2022). Even if Industry 4.0 still is relevant for continuous development, a complementary Industry 5.0 has arisen to provide efficiency and productivity as the sole goals to reinforce a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient manufacturing industry (Breque et al., 2021; Nahavandi, 2019).Given this situation, the research question addressed here is: How does state-of-the-art research of Industry 4.0 technologies and applications consider human-centric aspects? A systematic literature review was conducted aiming to identify a future research agenda that emphasizes human-centric aspects of intelligent manufacturing, that will contribute to the field of manufacturing research and practices. This question was based on very few systematic literature reviews, considering Industry 4.0 research incorporating human -centric aspects for developing intelligent manufacturing (Kamble et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2021). The literature review study was structured by the design of Xiao and Watson’s (2019) methodology consisting of the steps 1) Initial corpus creation, 2) Finalizing corpus, and 3) Analyzing corpus, and we also used a bibliometric approach throughout the search process (Glänzel & Schoepflin, 1999). The keyword selection was categorized into three groups of search terms, “industry 4.0”, “manufacturing”, and “artificial intelligence”, see figure 1. (Not included here)Articles were collected from the meta -databases EBSCOhost, Scopus, Eric, and the database AIS, to quantify the presence of human-centric or human-involved AI approaches in recent manufacturing research. A total of 999 scientific articles were collected and clustered based on a list of application areas to investigate if there is a difference between various areas in which artificial intelligence is used. The application areas are decision -making, digital twin, flexible automation, platformization, predictive maintenance, predictive quality, process optimization, production planning, and quality assessment.Throughout the review process, only articles that included both AI and human -centric aspects were screened and categorized. The final corpus included 386 articles of which only 93 articles were identified as human -centric. These articles were categorized into three themes: 1) organizational change, 2) competence and learning, and 3) human-automation interaction. Theme 1 articles related mostly to the application areas of flexible automation (11), production planning (9), and predictive maintenance (5). Theme 2 concerned the application areas of production planning and quality assessment (7), and process optimization (7).Finally, theme 3 mainly focused on flexible automation (10), digital twin (3), and platformization (3). The rest of the corpus only consisted of one or two articles in related application areas. To conclude, only a few articles were found that reinforce human -centric themes for Industry 4.0 implementations. The literature review identified obstacles and opportu nities that affect manufacturing organizations to reap the benefits of Industry 4.0. Hence, I-WIL is proposed as a research area to inform a new research agenda that captures human and technological integration of Industry 4.0 and to further illuminate human-centric aspects and themes for future sustainable intelligent manufacturing.
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| 24. |
- Hjalmarsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Pathways to a renewable road transport system in Stockholm 2030
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to mitigate global climate change, anthropogenic emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) need to be cut drastically. Road transport is a major source of CO2 emissions, and in urban areas road transport also involves problems such as congestion, noise and particle emissions. Stockholm, the Swedish capital and one of the busiest regions in Sweden, has the ambition to be a pioneer in addressing environmental problems; CO2 emissions in particular. One of the political visions incorporated in Stockholm’s environmental work is to achieve a practically renewable transport system by 2030. This study investigates if there are favourable conditions to achieve a renewable road transport system in Stockholm by 2030. Three aspects are considered; technology, private economy and regional planning policy. The study is based on three sub-studies, one for each aspect, and conclusions are drawn from the integration of the sub-studies. A scenario assessment implies that the technology to transit to a completely renewable road transport system could exist, and that a mix of technologies would be preferable. Cost optimisations show that renewable fuels and electric vehicles are cost-competitive given certain incentives. Hence, private persons could shift their transportation choices towards alternative vehicles and fuels. Interviews with regional institutional actors and analysis of regional planning documents reveal that integrating energy and transport systems in planning policy could enable the transition to a renewable road transport system in Stockholm. The work has been carried out under the auspices of The Energy Systems Programme (primarily financed by The Swedish Energy Agency). The study concludes that favourable conditions for a renewable road transport system do exist. However, the main challenge is to coordinate the simultaneous implementation of necessary measures and the study shows that this is best organised at a regional level.
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- Holmberg, Linnéa, 1983-
(author)
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Konsten att producera lärande demokrater
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation builds on the basic question of how individuals are formed and created as citizens in society today, and how individuals construct themselves as citizens in this society. It takes interest in how they are managed to govern themselves through specific constructions of citizenship, and looks at how the exercise of power establishes certain knowledge that affects their view of themselves and generates truths about how they are expected to live their lives. Simultaneously, the dissertation deals with the concept of freedom: what does it mean in contemporary society, how can one be free today, and what dangers might this liberty involve?In a broad sense, the analysis centres on the relationship between education and society; more specifically, it engages with the Swedish education system and its construction and production of desirable citizen subjects. The concrete example deals with the institution called leisure-time centre, with a purpose to investigate and problematise how institutionalised leisure-time is staged and legitimised in Sweden today. The studies take as a common starting point the following research question: how are children and personnel governed discursively in and through leisure-time centres?The first empirical contribution provides historical context for the study. In this, the `problematic leisure-time´ of today is outlined based on education policy documents relevant for children aged 6–13 years. These texts are discussed together with similar texts gathered from two other periods in history in order to give perspective on aspects of the leisure-time centre that may seem obvious in our own time.The first separate article investigates how talk about activities in leisure-time centres is couched in terms of meaningfulness and consists of an analysis of the ideological tension between democracy and authority, which the governmental authority, the Swedish Schools Inspectorate (Skolinspektionen), must address in its discursive work. The second article explores how the production of systematic reporting and documentation by personnel in leisure-time centres works through specific self-technologies in the form of confessional practices and which can be said to be primarily about constructing a free but loyal collective subject.The third article problematises the use of democracy as a method to produce specific citizen subjects in leisure-time centres. Children’s councils are analysed, focusing on how different nuances of influence are staged discursively by participating children and personnel. The article highlights how democracy – through pastoral care and in the name of children’s influence – becomes a governmentalising technology that produces an active, responsible and learning citizen.In summary, this dissertation highlights how leisure-time centres are staged and legitimised in Sweden today. The analysis shows how an administration of children and control of the development of society through the autonomous, competent, and voluntarily active individual is apparent; power operates through a perceived freedom in a way that makes the free choice the `right´ choice. With political ideas about forming a forward-looking mentality, children – and personnel – are constructed as a project of learning and improvement.
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