| 1. |
- Agache, Ioana, et al.
(author)
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Prioritizing research challenges and funding for allergy and asthma and the need for translational research—The European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases
- 2019
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 74:11, s. 2064-2076
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) organized the first European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases and Asthma. The main aim was to bring together all relevant stakeholders and decision-makers in the field of allergy, asthma and clinical Immunology around an open debate on contemporary challenges and potential solutions for the next decade. The Strategic Forum was an upscaling of the EAACI White Paper aiming to integrate the Academy's output with the perspective offered by EAACI's partners. This collaboration is fundamental for adapting and integrating allergy and asthma care into the context of real-world problems. The Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases brought together all partners who have the drive and the influence to make positive change: national and international societies, patients’ organizations, regulatory bodies and industry representatives. An open debate with a special focus on drug development and biomedical engineering, big data and information technology and allergic diseases and asthma in the context of environmental health concluded that connecting science with the transformation of care and a joint agreement between all partners on priorities and needs are essential to ensure a better management of allergic diseases and asthma in the advent of precision medicine together with global access to innovative and affordable diagnostics and therapeutics.
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| 2. |
- Alex-Amor, Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Dispersion Analysis of Periodic Structures in Anisotropic Media : Application to Liquid Crystals
- 2022
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 70:4, s. 2811-2821
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents an efficient method to compute the dispersion diagram of periodic and uniform structures with generic anisotropic media. The method takes advantage of the ability of full-wave commercial simulators to deal with finite structures having anisotropic media. In particular, the proposed method extends the possibilities of commercial eigenmode solvers in the following ways: 1) anisotropic materials with nondiagonal permittivity and permeability tensors can be analyzed; 2) the attenuation constant can easily be computed in both propagating and stopband regions, and lossy materials can be included in the simulation; and 3) unbounded and radiating structures, such as leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), can be treated. The latter feature may be considered the most remarkable since the structures must be forcefully bounded with electric/magnetic walls in the eigensolvers of most commercial simulators. In this work, the proposed method is particularized for the study of liquid crystals (LCs) in microwave and antenna devices. Thus, the dispersion properties of a great variety of LC-based configurations are analyzed, from canonical structures, such as waveguide and microstrip, to complex reconfigurable phase shifters in ridge gap-waveguide technology and LWAs. Our results have been validated with previously reported works in the literature and with commercial software CST and HFSS.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Qiao, et al.
(author)
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Glide-Symmetric Holey Leaky-Wave Antenna With Low Dispersion for 60 GHz Point-to-Point Communications
- 2020
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 68:3, s. 1925-1936
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, two novel efficient leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with stable radiation patterns operating in the 60 GHz band are proposed. The LWAs are implemented in groove-gap waveguide (GGW) technology. To mitigate the beam squint due to the dispersive nature of LWAs, complementary-dispersive prisms are coupled to the LWA radiation aperture. The antennas are implemented in fully metallic purely holey periodic structures, resulting in a more cost-effective and robust manufacturing process compared to previously reported pin-based structures. Two prisms are proposed, one with mirror symmetry and one with glide symmetry. When the prism possesses a glide symmetry, much fewer holes are required while maintaining a similar performance, which even further decreases the fabrication costs. The complex propagation constant is optimized for low sidelobe levels (SLLs) with tailored hole diameters and waveguide dimensions, thus for the first time demonstrating the capability of using glide-symmetric holes to control the leakage rate. Two prototypes with mirror- and glide-symmetric prisms are theoretically synthesized and validated by the simulated and experimental results. A frequency bandwidth of 11% is achieved for both prototypes with the beam squint within +/- 0.9 degrees (mirror) and +/- 1.7 degrees (glide), SLLs below -15 dB (mirror) and -13 dB (glide), total efficiency almost 90%, and realized gain of 17 +/- 0.5 dB at a fixed observing angle. The developed antennas are intended for mm-wave point-to-point communications.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Qiao, et al.
(author)
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Prism-based Leaky-Lens Antennas at 60 GHz for 5G Point-to-Point Communication Links
- 2020
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In: 2020 14TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP 2020). - : IEEE.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two cost-effective implementations of a leaky-lens antenna at 60 GHz are proposed for high-throughput 5G communication links. The leaky-wave feed is realized in gap-waveguide technology, where the radiation from the slit is controlled with glide-symmetric holes. The beam-squint of the leaky-wave radiation is mitigated, owing to the coupling of a complementary dispersive prism. Here, two prisms are implemented, one with glide-symmetric holes, and another with substrate-integrated holes (SIHs), both integrated in parallel plates with the leaky wave feeding. Thanks to glide symmetry, better control of the leakage rate, lower costs, and better tolerance to manufacturing are achieved in comparison with the non-glide holey counterpart. In addition, the SIH-based design exhibits a substantially enhanced bandwidth with even better robustness. In the analysis of the leaky-wave feed, more accuracy and reduced computational time is achieved by using a multi-mode method. Both antennas show stable radiation patterns, featuring high efficiency, high gain, and low side lobe levels.
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| 5. |
- Klimek, Ludger, et al.
(author)
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In-vivo diagnostic test allergens in Europe : A call to action and proposal for recovery plan-An EAACI position paper
- 2020
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In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 75:9, s. 2161-2169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diagnostic allergens are defined as medicinal products in the EU. Marketing authorization by national authorities is necessary; however, diagnostic allergens are not homogeneously regulated in different EU member states. Allergen manufacturers argue with increasing costs forcing them to continuously reduce the diagnostic allergen portfolios offered to allergists. In contrast, EAACI and national European Allergy Societies see the need for the availability of a wide range of high‐quality diagnostic allergens for in vivo diagnosis of IgE‐mediated allergies not only covering predominant but also less frequent allergen sources. In a recent EAACI task force survey, the current practice of allergy diagnosis was shown to rely on skin tests as first option in almost 2/3 of all types of allergic diseases and in 90% regarding respiratory allergies.With the need to ensure the availability of high‐quality diagnostic allergens in the EU, an action plan has been set up by EAACI to analyse the current regulatory demands in EU member states and to define possible solutions stated in this document: (a) simplification of authorization for diagnostic allergens; (b) specific regulation of special types of diagnostic allergens; (c) new models beyond the current model of homologous groups; (d) simplification of pharmacovigilance reporting; (e) reduction of regulation fees for diagnostic allergens; (f) reimbursement for diagnostic allergens.Joining forces of allergists, manufacturers and authorities are of high importance to ensure remaining relevant allergens in the EU markets to facilitate a sustainable and comprehensive service for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.
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| 6. |
- Liao, Qingbi, et al.
(author)
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Ray-Tracing Model for Generalized Geodesic-Lens Multiple-Beam Antennas
- 2023
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 71:3, s. 2640-2651
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geodesic lenses are a compelling alternative to traditional planar dielectric lens antennas, as they are low loss and can be manufactured with a simple mechanical design. However, a general approach for the design and analysis of more advanced geodesic-lens antennas has been elusive, limiting the available tools to rotationally symmetric surfaces. In this article, we present a fast and efficient implementation built on geometrical optics and scalar diffraction theory. A numerical calculation of the shortest ray path (geodesic) using an open-source library helps quantify the phase of the electric field in the lens aperture, while the amplitude is evaluated by applying ray-tube power conservation theory. The Kirchhoff-Fresnel diffraction formula is then employed to compute the far field of the lens antenna. This approach is validated by comparing the radiation patterns of a transversely compressed geodesic Luneburg lens (elliptical base instead of circular) with the ones computed using commercial full-wave simulators, demonstrating a substantial reduction in computational resources. The proposed method is then used in combination with an optimization procedure to study possible compact alternatives of the geodesic Luneburg lens with size reduction in both the transverse and vertical directions.
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| 7. |
- Padilla, Pablo, et al.
(author)
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Broken Glide-Symmetric Holey Structures for Bandgap Selection in Gap-Waveguide Technology
- 2019
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In: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1531-1309 .- 1558-1764. ; 29:5, s. 327-329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this letter, we propose a new technique to tune the bandgap in gap-waveguide technology based on broken glide-symmetric holey structures. We demonstrate that breaking the glide-symmetry in a proper manner provokes the presence of a passband within the bandgap due to the frequency sweep of the second propagating mode. This passband generates field leakage in the gap that is translated into a filtering property. This filtering effect may be used to reduce or eliminate filters in large complex devices. In order to avoid undesired coupling due to the leakage from the air gap between the plates, an absorbing sheet is proposed to dissipate the undesired fields. This idea has been numerically studied and experimentally validated with a specific design, a WR15-size gap-waveguide prototype with glide-symmetric holes with filtering properties.
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| 8. |
- Padilla, P., et al.
(author)
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Glide-symmetric holey structures with selected bandgaps for gap-waveguide technology
- 2018
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In: IET Conference Publications. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we propose a new technique to accurately define and select the bandgap regions in gap waveguide technology based on glide-symmetric holey structures. This selection is accomplished by breaking the symmetry of the periodic structure. The advantage of this proposal is that filtering properties are added intrinsically in the waveguides, reducing the total complexity of the overall device, in which additional filters may not be necessary.
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| 9. |
- Padilla, Pablo, et al.
(author)
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Glide-symmetric printed corrugated transmission lines with controlable stopband
- 2019
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In: 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9788890701887
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we demonstrate that the dispersion properties of printed lines can be controlled by using glide symmetry. Glide symmetry is introduced by means of corrugations in the printed lines. The glide-symmetric configuration provides a more linear propagation constant, avoiding the presence of stopband between first and second propagating modes. Additionally, the breakage of the glide-symmetric geometry introduces a tunable stopband that can be used for filtering.
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| 10. |
- Palomares-Caballero, Angel, et al.
(author)
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Twist and Glide Symmetries for Helix Antenna Design and Miniaturization
- 2019
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In: Symmetry. - : MDPI. - 2073-8994. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we propose the use of twist and glide symmetries to increase the equivalent refractive index in a helical guiding structure. Twist- and glide-symmetrical distributions are created with corrugations placed at both sides of a helical strip. Combined twist-and glide-symmetrical helical unit cells are studied in terms of their constituent parameters. The increase of the propagation constant is mainly controlled by the length of the corrugations. In our proposed helix antenna, twist and glide symmetry cells are used to reduce significantly the operational frequency compared with conventional helix antenna. Equivalently, for a given frequency of operation, the dimensions of helix are reduced with the use of higher symmetries. The theoretical results obtained for our proposed helical structure based on higher symmetries show a reduction of 42.2% in the antenna size maintaining a similar antenna performance when compared to conventional helix antennas.
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| 11. |
- Roth-Walter, Franziska, et al.
(author)
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Comparing biologicals and small molecule drug therapies for chronic respiratory diseases : An EAACI Taskforce on Immunopharmacology position paper
- 2019
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 74:3, s. 432-448
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), together with their comorbidities, bear a significant burden on public health. Increased appreciation of molecular networks underlying inflammatory airway disease needs to be translated into new therapies for distinct phenotypes not controlled by current treatment regimens. On the other hand, development of new safe and effective therapies for such respiratory diseases is an arduous and expensive process. Antibody-based (biological) therapies are successful in treating certain respiratory conditions not controlled by standard therapies such as severe allergic and refractory eosinophilic severe asthma, while in other inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as COPD, biologicals are having a more limited impact. Small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies represent an active field in pharmaceutical research and development. SMDs expand biologicals’ therapeutic targets by reaching the intracellular compartment by delivery as either an oral or topically based formulation, offering both convenience and lower costs. Aim of this review was to compare and contrast the distinct pharmacological properties and clinical applications of SMDs- and antibody-based treatment strategies, their limitations and challenges, in order to highlight how they should be integrated for their optimal utilization and to fill the critical gaps in current treatment for these chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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| 12. |
- Roth-Walter, Franziska, et al.
(author)
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Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement : Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases—An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO)
- 2021
-
In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 76:1, s. 90-113
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell–based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell–based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell–based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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| 13. |
- Sampath, Vanitha, et al.
(author)
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Vaccines and allergic reactions : The past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives
- 2021
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 76:6, s. 1640-1660
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations, when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical studies and through post-authorization and post-marketing surveillance and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally, we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future research.
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| 14. |
- Zetterström, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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V-Band Fully Metallic Geodesic Luneburg Lens Antenna
- 2023
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 71:2, s. 1965-1970
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antennas in emerging millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications are often required to have low losses and produce a steerable directive beam. These properties are achievable with fully metallic geodesic Luneburg lens antennas. In this communication, we report the first experimental verification of a geodesic Luneburg lens antenna in the V-band. The designed lens antenna is fed with 13 waveguides providing beam switching capability in a 110?degrees range. The lens is implemented in the parallel plate waveguide (PPW) technology. The antenna is manufactured in two pieces, and a tolerance analysis indicates that gaps between the pieces can cause a severe performance degradation. Based on this tolerance analysis, two measures are taken to alleviate the manufacturing tolerances for the prototype. First, electromagnetic band gap (EGB) structures are placed around the feeding waveguides. Second, the electrical contact between the two pieces is improved in critical regions. Two prototypes are manufactured, one without and one with the extra measures implemented. The measured radiation patterns of the prototype without these measures have high side lobes and low realized gain compared with the simulation. The measurements of the robust version of the prototype agree well with the simulations and demonstrate the applicability of geodesic Luneburg lens antennas for applications in the V-band.
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