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- Forabosco, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of genetic variation in the international Brown Swiss population
- 2013
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In: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 7, s. 1060-1066
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The international Brown Swiss cattle population pedigree was studied to measure genetic variations and to identify the most influential animals. Twenty-two countries provided pedigree information on 71 497 Brown Swiss bulls used for artificial insemination (AI). The total number of animals with the pedigree is 181 094. The mean inbreeding coefficient for the pedigree population was 0.77%. There was, in most cases, an increase in the mean inbreeding coefficient, with the highest value at 2.89% during the last 5-year period (2000 to 2004). The mean average relatedness for the pedigree population was 1.1%. The effective population size in 2004 was 204. There was notable variation between average generation intervals for the four parental pathways. The longest average generation interval, at 8.73 years, was observed in the sire son pathway. The average generation interval for the whole population was 6.53 years. Most genetically influential individuals were sires. The highest contributing founder was a sire with a 3.22% contribution, and the highest contributing founder dam made a contribution of 1.75%. The effective number of founders and the effective number of ancestors were 141 and 88, respectively. The study showed that genetic variation within the pedigree population has been decreasing over recent years. Increasing the number of AI bulls with a low individual coefficient of inbreeding could help to maintain a good level of genetic variation in the Brown Swiss population.
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- Haugaard, Katrine, et al.
(author)
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Interbull Technical Workshop 2023 Overview of the New Traits Session
- 2023
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In: Interbull bulletin. - 2001-340X. ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- New phenotypes have been systematically collected by national genetic centres, often leading to implementation of national genetic evaluation for several economically important dairy traits. However, the MACE portfolio has remained fixed to seven publishable trait groups since workability (including milking speed and temperament traits), was added in 2009. Streamlining the procedure for identifying new suitable traits for the MACE portfolio has been identified as a key goal in the 2020-2023 Interbull strategic plan. The first stage to achieve such objective is surveying the available data across countries on a more routinely basis: countries could be on different stages of data collection, research or development of national evaluation, and that there could be also differences in the above stages per breed.Information about national genetic evaluations for traits included in MACE evaluations have, for several decades, been collected and published on the Interbull Centre website in the form of word or pdf documents. In 2022, with the introduction of the Performance Recording, Evaluation and Publication database (PREPdb), electronic forms, rather than flat files, were developed for collecting such information. The “Other Traits” form, dedicated to traits not (yet) included in international evaluations, was also introduced. Prior to the Interbull Technical Workshop held in Rome in February 2023, Interbull Centre encouraged all its members to fill in the Other Traits form with as much information on additional traits they record nationally as possible. The aim was to identify possible new trait(s) to include in the Interbull portfolio. Upon review of the information collected, gestation length, retained placenta and milk fever/hypercalcemia were identified as the most frequently reported traits, and were chosen as the traits to be further discussed during the workshop’s session. This report provides an overview of the discussion that took place both during the panel session and the groups’ discussion that characterised the workshop’s session on new traits.
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- Nyman, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Inbreeding and pedigree analysis of the European red dairy cattle
- 2022
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In: Genetics Selection Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0999-193X .- 1297-9686. ; 54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Red dairy cattle breeds have an important role in the European dairy sector because of their functional characteristics and good health. Extensive pedigree information is available for these breeds and provides a unique opportunity to examine their population structure, such as effective population size, depth of the pedigree, and effective number of founders and ancestors, and inbreeding levels. Animals with the highest genetic contributions were identified. Pedigree data included 9,073,403 animals that were born between 1900 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden, and covered 32 breeds. The numerically largest breeds were Red Dairy Cattle and Meuse-Rhine-Yssel. Results The deepest average complete generation equivalent (9.39) was found for Red Dairy Cattle in 2017. Mean pedigree completeness ranged from 0.6 for Finncattle to 7.51 for Red Dairy Cattle. An effective population size of 166 animals was estimated for the total pedigree and ranged from 35 (Rotes Hohenvieh) to 226 (Red Dairy Cattle). Average generation intervals were between 5 and 7 years. The mean inbreeding coefficient for animals born between 1960 and 2018 was 1.5%, with the highest inbreeding coefficients observed for Traditional Angler (4.2%) and Rotes Hohenvieh (4.1%). The most influential animal was a Dutch Meuse-Rhine-Yssel bull born in 1960. The mean inbreeding level for animals born between 2016 and 2018 was 2% and highest for the Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (4.64%) and Rotes Hohenvieh breeds (3.80%). Conclusions We provide the first detailed analysis of the genetic diversity and inbreeding levels of the European red dairy cattle breeds. Rotes Hohenvieh and Traditional Angler have high inbreeding levels and are either close to or below the minimal recommended effective population size, thus it is necessary to implement tools to monitor the selection process in order to control inbreeding in these breeds. Red Dairy Cattle, Vorderwalder, Swedish Polled and Hinterwalder hold more genetic diversity. Regarding the Meuse-Rhine-Yssel breed, given its decreased population size, increased inbreeding and low effective population size, we recommend implementation of a breeding program to prevent further loss in its genetic diversity.
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| 9. |
- Palucci, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Interbull new services: Current and Future
- 2023
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In: Interbull bulletin. - 2001-340X. ; , s. 158-163
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Interbull Centre has been closely working with several working groups on different topics spacing from the improvement of the MACE model to a revision of validation methods due to genomic pre-selection to expansion of the MACE and Interbeef portfolio to new traits. The activity of such working groups has progressed so nicely that theoutcome of their research has been either recently implemented or it is aimed for an implementation in the near future (within one year’s time). The present articleaimed at providing the reader with an overall view of suchactivities and the related new services they have, or are going to, generate.
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| 10. |
- Palucci, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the Mendelian Sampling Variance Test Pilot Study
- 2014
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In: Interbull bulletin. - 2001-340X. ; 48, s. 58-62
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A software for calculating the Mendelian sampling variance has been developed by MTT for Interbull service users. In 2013 the software and its methodology was approved by the Interbull Technical Committee to be tested in a pilot study with real countries data. Countries were asked to test the software on two different group of traits: a group of traits with medium-high heritability (protein, stature and somatic cells score) including results for both males and females; two traits of their choice with heritability lower than 0.1 with results restricted only to males. A total of 21 countries participated in the pilot study. Data received were mostly related to the Holstein breed, and for low heritable traits countries chose most commonly direct longevity and fertility related traits. Overall, 50 (26%) country-breed-trait combinations failed the test. Some more investigations will be needed to better understand the reasons behind their failure. The following paper presents an overview of the data received by countries and of the trend test results.
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| 11. |
- Palucci, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Trend validation procedures applied by Interbull – historical overview
- 2014
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A historical overview of the last fourteen years of Interbull validation activity for the Holstein breed, including red Holstein, has been carried out. Descriptive statistics for number of tests performed per different trait groups analyzed at Interbull, a list of the most common changes tested during such period and the frequency of their occurrence is presented together with the percentage of the different Interbull validation methods applied. Results showed that national evaluation centers promote more frequent changes in production, conformation and udder health traits when improving their genetic evaluation systems.
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