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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Davidsson, Johan, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Set of injury risk curves for different sizes and ages
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When new crash test dummy hardware becomes available it is important to establish howthe measurements taken with that tool relate to a risk of injury. THORAX is a collaborativemedium-scale project under the EC Seventh Framework. It focuses on the reduction andprevention of thoracic injuries. Within the project an improved understanding of thoracicinjury mechanisms has been implemented in an updated design for the thorax-shouldercomplex of the THOR dummy. The new dummy hardware, referred to as the THORAXdemonstrator, has been evaluated in a number of biomechanical test conditions. The datafrom these tests has provided the opportunity to compare those data with injury outcomedata under equivalent loading conditions. This report describes that comparison and theresulting injury risk curves developed.When developing injury risk functions for a new dummy it is common practice to repeat testscarried out with post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) with the crash test dummy. Matcheddummy data and injury records from the PMHS tests are then used in the development ofinjury risk functions. Other approaches involve collection of real world accident events thathave been recreated with the dummy in the laboratory. Both of these approaches have beenadopted in this study.Injury risk functions are commonly developed for the average male in terms of size and age.However, age, gender and size influence the risk of injury for a given crash condition. Crashtest dummies that take these differences into account may be developed in the future.However, as part of the THORAX project advanced scaling methods have been developedthat can be used to modify the injury risk functions to account for gender and different sizes.Thereby the measurements obtained in crash tests with the THORAX demonstrator can beused to predict the risk for other occupant categories than those that are close to the averagemale.By providing the automotive industry with a superior crash test dummy, the new THORAXdemonstrator, associated injury risk functions and scaling techniques it is expected thatimproved restraint systems will be developed that lead to a reduction of chest injuries.
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| 4. |
- Tan, M, et al.
(author)
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Reduced models for statistically stationary and non-stationary flows with control applications
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-0902 .- 2041-3084. ; 216:1, s. 95-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduced modelling techniques, based on a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, are applied to an investigation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with inputs. A circular cylinder in uniform flow with and without inputs is studied. Reduced dynamic models are created by POD and by extended POD (EPOD) approaches for the forced flow which is statistically non-stationary. A direct control action is applied to the flow at particular points and this investigation provides insights into the applications of the proposed approaches coupled with a full solver.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Toxicity with LXR agonists – Problem solving activities for mechanistic understanding
- 2012
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In: Toxicology Letters. - Shannon : Elsevier. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 211:Suppl. (S), s. S39-S39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several lines of evidence points toward the potential positive effects of LXR (Liver X Receptor) modulators for effective and safe therapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). LXR is a dimeric nuclear hormone receptor that exists as a combination of RXR and one of two subtypes LXR alpha or beta, which act as cholesterol sensors. LXR alpha is highly expressed in the liver, intestine and adipose tissue while LXR beta is ubiquitously expressed. Activation of LXR up-regulates several genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), including ABC transporters. This results in increased efflux of cholesterol from macrophages in atherosclerotic vascular lesions to the circulation and further on to other tissues to ultimately be excreted into the faeces. These effects together with systemic and local anti-inflammatory properties of LXR modulation are likely to contribute to decreased atherosclerosis. The positive effects of LXR activation on RCT and cholesterol balance must be obtained without negative lipid effects, since LXR also activates lipogenic genes. Other types of toxicity and approaches to better understand the mechanism(s) behind these will be presented. Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Castaño Soler, Carles
(author)
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Insect defoliation is linked to a decrease in soil ectomycorrhizal biomass and shifts in needle endophytic communities
- 2020
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In: Tree Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0829-318X .- 1758-4469. ; 40, s. 1712-1725
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insect outbreaks of increasing frequency and severity in forests are predicted due to climate change. Insect herbivory is known to promote physiological changes in forest trees. However, little is known about whether these plant phenotypic adjustments have cascading effects on tree microbial symbionts such as fungi in roots and foliage. We studied the impact of defoliation by the pine processionary moth in two infested Pinus nigra forests through a multilevel sampling of defoliated and non-defoliated trees. We measured tree growth, nutritional status and carbon allocation to chemical defenses. Simultaneously, we analysed the putative impact of defoliation on the needle endophytes and on the soil fungal communities. Higher concentrations of chemical defenses were found in defoliated trees, likely as a response to defoliation; however, no differences in non-structural carbohydrate reserves were found. In parallel to the reductions in tree growth and changes in chemical defenses, we observed shifts in the composition of needle endophytic and soil fungal communities in defoliated trees. Defoliated trees consistently corresponded with a lower biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi in both sites, and a higher alpha diversity and greater relative abundance of belowground saprotrophs and pathogens. However, ectomycorrhizal alpha diversity was similar between non-defoliated and defoliated trees. Specific needle endophytes in old needles were strongly associated with non-defoliated trees. The potential role of these endophytic fungi in pine resistance should be further investigated. Our study suggests that lower biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi in defoliated trees might slow down tree recovery since fungal shifts might affect tree-mycorrhizal feedbacks and can potentially influence carbon and nitrogen cycling in forest soils.
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| 9. |
- Romerius, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Estrogen receptor α single nucleotide polymorphism modifies the risk of azoospermia in childhood cancer survivors
- 2011
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In: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 21:5, s. 263-269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cancer treatment in childhood leads to permanent azoospermia in a significant number of boys and those who are diagnosed with cancer before puberty do not have the option of pretreatment cryopreservation of spermatozoa. However, there is an interindividual variation in the sensitivity to gonadotoxic effects of cancer therapy, which probably is due to genetic factors. Identification of genetic markers for the risk of azoospermia in childhood cancer survivors may help in identifying boys to whom testicular cryopreservation should be offered. METHODS: Fifty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) being markers of 12 different haplotype blocks in the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER β genes were examined in 127 adult childhood cancer survivors. RESULTS: In ERα, markers of one specific haplotype block (rs2207396, rs9340958, rs9340978) were associated with an increased risk of azoospermia. Compared with those with the GG genotype, patients being heterozygous for the A allele in rs2207396 had a significantly increased risk of azoospermia [odds ratio (OR): 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-9.5; P=0.008], this OR being even higher in the subgroup treated with alkylating drugs (OR: 8.8; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-36; P=0.004). In this subgroup, 48% of the patients carried the A allele of rs2207396, this proportion being 70% among the azoospermic patients. CONCLUSION: Use of genetic markers of high risk of posttreatment azoospermia may, in the future, prove an important clinical tool in selection of boys to whom preservation of testicular tissue before cancer therapy should be offered.
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| 10. |
- Svensson de Jong, Ilse
(author)
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Is Innovation out of Control? An Explorative Study in Management Control Systems and the Business Model of Innovation
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this explorative study is to examine the theoretical and empirical notions in the business model of innovation that are influenced by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical constructs are highlighted and related to the diagnostic and interactive uses of part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS), and the business model of innovation (i.e. innovation input, process, output, outcome). After proposing an organizing conceptual framework, the state of the practice is investigated by the following research questions: (i) to what extent is the business innovation model influenced by the diagnostic and interactive uses of MCS? (ii) what capabilities of the business innovation model are created and maintained by the diagnostic and interactive uses of MCS and in combination to produce dynamic tension? (iii) To what extent does the use of MCS, mediated and/or moderated by the capabilities in the business innovation model, contribute to organizational performance?
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| 11. |
- Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Att leda högteknologiska innovationsföretag : Erfarenheter från Combitech 1977-1997
- 2009
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Per Risberg skapade Combitech-gruppen och var dess koncernchef i 20 år. Genom detta hade han en unik erfarenhet av att starta och driva fram tillväxt av teknikbaserade nya företag. Ur SAAB-koncernens huvudsakligen militära verksamhet, med en både bred och djup teknikbas, initierade Per nya kompetensområden och byggde upp en grupp mindre, applikationsfokuserade, självständiga men helägda bolag, som tillsammans bildade Combitech-gruppen. Gruppen utvecklades framgångsrikt under Pers ledarskap, och bidrog till ökat värdeskapande och ökad tillväxt.I VINNOVAs arbete är tillväxt i mindre företag ett viktigt fokus. För VINNOVA-anställda som arbetar med teknikbaserade nya företag är det mycket värdefullt att ta del av Pers erfarenheter från Combitech-tiden. Det blev därför mycket uppskattat när Per lovade att berätta om sina erfarenheter inom ramen för en serie om sju heldagsseminarier för VINNOVAs anställda.I denna seminarieserie, som löpte under åren 2007-2008, delade Per, på ett öppet, utförligt ochpersonligt sätt, med sig av sina kunskaper och erfarenheter. Hans insikter grundar sig på upplevelser av både med- och motgång, och lockade åhörarna till både eftertänksamhet och många goda skratt.Pers berättelse är nu dokumenterad i denna sammanfattande skrift, förtjänstfullt nedtecknad av Tekn dr. Anna Öhrwall Rönnbäck. Berättelsen utgår från ett antal konkreta fallbeskrivningar som underbygger hans slutsatser och reflektioner, organiserade under ett antal teman.Vi vill hävda att Per hade en unik erfarenhet av att bygga upp ny teknikbaserad affärsverksamhet samt att han utvecklade ett spännande framgångskoncept med Combitech-gruppen. Att på detta sätt få möjlighet att ta del av och dokumentera dessa erfarenheter har stort värde. Vi känner stor och djup tacksamhet till Per för att han på ett engagerat och pedagogiskt sätt delade med sig av sina kunskaper. VINNOVA hoppas och tror att du som läsare kan få inspiration och vägledning kring vilka faktorer som är avgörande för att ett teknikbaserat nytt företag skall lyckas. Det är också vår förhoppning att innehållet ska stimulera till diskussion och bidra till att ge såväl VINNOVAs medarbetare som VINNOVAs bidragsmottagare, samt övriga läsare, en ökad kännedom kring, och förståelse för frågeställningar som är väsentliga i vårt gemensamma arbete med att främja och skapa hållbar tillväxt.
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| 12. |
- Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Collaborative Development of Public Information Systems : A Case Study of “Sambruk” e-Services Development
- 2010
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In: eChallenges e-2010 Conference Proceedings. - : IEEE Press. - 9781905824205 ; , s. 1-7
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, public e-services provide essential and efficient tools for municipalities to serve their citizens. However, the development can be quite complex, and in order to efficiently develop solutions, municipalities need to collaborate with many actors and stakeholders such as IT-vendors and developers, as well as government agencies. In this paper collaboration with various stakeholders in different scenarios, comprising four different information systems development projects are analysed, and the pro’s and con’s in the various approaches are described. Furthermore, there are important lessons learned and identified in the three alternatives of user involvement in the projects covered in the paper. Sambruk, ie the Swedish Association of Municipalities for Joint Development of eServices, has in several projects challenged the existing near monopolistic market and business models in Sweden by carrying out significant development projects, utilising new approaches in user involvement and setting up a new collaborative arena for Swedish municipalities, working together in creating new e-service solutions.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, P., et al.
(author)
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Transfer of surface texture from silicon nitride rolls to stainless steel wire in cold-rolling
- 2006
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In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 173:3, s. 394-400
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A set of cold-rolling experiments with ceramic rolls was carried out using facilities for the production of profiled steel wire. Based on the experiments, the strength of sintered silicon nitride was found sufficient for allowing cold-rolling of austenitic stainless steel wire. The wear rate of the silicon nitride rolls in the tests was low. Metal was transferred from the wire to the rolling tracks of the ceramic rolls. The surface texture of the rolls was reproduced on the rolled product. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Pernilla, 1969-
(author)
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Troubling economics – towards metaphorical pluralism in economics education
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has long been suggested that the ‘homo economicus’ assumption underpinning neo-classical theory is not limited to its theoretical function, but also has a ‘productive’ function by ‘creating’ individuals acting in accordance with the assumption (Schütz, 1953). Several studies have indeed pointed out that economists/economics students act in selfish ways, although there is some disagreement about the effect of education (Etzioni, 2015). Nelson (2006) and Zaman (2013) offer some clues as to how this process can be understood. They describe that and how we have come to embrace the metaphorical understanding of economy as a machine, running on self-interest, as something real rather than a figure of speech. Along the way, the tools with which sustainability issues could be addressed have become limited to those that fit ‘homo economicus’. In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008 and increased concerns about climate change, this critique of economics education has been re-actualised to the extent that economics students have organised themselves worldwide and called for a curricular reform (Earle, Moral, & Ward-Perkins, 2016). In line with this critique, academic economists have also argued that to equip students for the challenges of the 21st century, economics education needs to embrace a more complex and dynamic picture of human nature (Nelson, 2006; Zaman, 2013; Brant, 2016; Raworth, 2017). In view of this, it could be argued that educational researchers and teachers need tools to identify situations in educational practices as well as educational materials where ‘homo economicus’ is reproduced or challenged. The purpose of this paper is to address this need by presenting and suggesting a methodological approach that could be used for this. The approach draws on poststructuralist and anti-essentialist discourse theory (Laclau and Mouffe, Glynos and Howarth) and a methodological approach for analysis of socialisation and teaching and learning processes in classroom practice (Lidar, Lundqvist, & Östman, 2006; Wickman & Östman, 2002; Rudsberg & Öhman, 2010). Empirical material in the form of transcripts from classroom observations will be used to illustrate the approach.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Patrik U, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Carbon dioxide interactions with crystalline and amorphous ice surfaces
- 2004
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 108:21, s. 4627-4631
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon dioxide interactions with crystalline and amorphous water ice have been studied by time-resolved molecular beam techniques. CO2 collisions at thermal kinetic energies with ice in the temperature range 100-160 K result in efficient trapping on the ice surface followed by desorption. The desorption kinetics on crystalline ice at 100-125 K are well described by the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 0.22 +/- 0.02 eV and a preexponential factor of 10(13.32+/-0.57) s(-1). Below 120 K, CO2 populates strongly bonded sites on amorphous ice, resulting in surface residence times on the order of minutes at 100 K, and the desorption data can in this case not be explained by a simple first-order process. The results are compared to previous studies of gas-ice interactions, and the implications for heterogeneous processes in the terrestrial atmosphere are discussed.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Västsvenska SOM-undersökningen 2016 - Uppföljning av Vision Västra götaland : SOM-rapport nr 2017:40
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Som en del i utvärderingen av hur väl visioner och målsättningar för Västra Götaland uppnås, har den här rapporten fokuserat på en rad frågor som tillsammans speglar de vanor och attityder som finns hos invånarna i regionen. Med utgångspunkt i 2016 års västsvenska SOM-undersökning har medborgarnas demokratisyn, förtroende för politiker, utvärdering av Västra Götalandsregionens prestationer samt åsikter om infrastruktur och sjukvård kartlagts på detaljerad nivå. Vidare har invånarnas arbetsliv, livsstil och självskattade hälsa analyserats. Resultaten visar på många likheter i regionen men också på stora olikheter, varav många är direkt kopplade till socioekonomiska faktorer, utbildning och ålder. I detta avslutande kapitel sammanfattas och relateras rapportens resultat till Vision Västra Götaland – det goda livet.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Viveka, et al.
(author)
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Benefits of using the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with cancer pain: an intervention study conducted in Swedish hospitals
- 2020
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In: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 28, s. 3721-3729
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The prevalence of cancer pain is too high. There is a need for improvement of pain management in cancer care. The aim of this study was to explore whether the use of the multidimensional pain assessment questionnaire Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) could improve pain relief in hospitalized patients with cancer. Methods A controlled intervention study was performed at two hospitals in western Sweden, 264 patients were included, 132 formed a control group and 132 an intervention group. All participants completed the BPI and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) at baseline. Only the researcher had access to questionnaires from the control group. The completed forms from the intervention group were presented to the patients’ care team. A follow-up took place after 2–5 days when patients in both groups rated the scales a second time. Results In the intervention group, significant differences in all measured items of the BPI were found at follow-up compared with baseline. Symptoms rated with the ESAS also decreased significantly, except shortness of breath. At follow-up, a significant increase in regular use of paracetamol, anti-neuropathic pain drugs and opioids was found, as well as elevated doses of fixed-schedule opioids. In the control group, differences between baseline and follow-up were significant regarding average pain and worst pain over the past 24 h. Conclusion Presenting the patient-reported BPI to the care team helped them to focus on patients’ pain, identify pain mechanisms and adjust analgesics accordingly. A possible explanation for the results is changes in the medication prescribed.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Full day modelling of V-shaped organic solar cell
- 2011
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In: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 85:6, s. 1257-1263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Folded and planar solar cells are examined with optical simulations, with the finite element method. The maximum photocurrent densities during the full day are compared between cells of different geometries and tilting angles. The change of incident angle and spectrum over time are handled in this analysis. The results show that the light trapping effect of the folded cell makes these cells show higher maximum photocurrent densities than the planar cells during all hours of the day. This is the case for both single and tandem cells. The results also indicate that balancing the currents in the tandem cells by adjusting the active layer thickness may be more cumbersome with the folded tandem cells than the stacked planar cells.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Borna, Catharina, et al.
(author)
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The objective CORE score allows early rule out in acute chest pain patients
- 2018
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In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 52:6, s. 308-314
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. Chest pain is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED), and it is a challenge to identify low-risk chest pain patients eligible for early discharge. We aimed to develop a simple objective decision rule to exclude 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ED chest pain patients. Design. We analyzed prospectively included patients presenting with chest pain. Low risk patients were identified with the clinical objective rule-out evaluation (CORE). CORE was based on high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) tests at ED presentation (0 h) and 2 h later together with a simplified risk score consisting of four objective variables: age ≥65 years and a history of arterial disease, hypertension or diabetes. For the patient to be classified as low risk in the CORE rule, hs-cTnT had to be ≤14 ng/L both at 0 and 2 h, and the sum of the risk score had to be 0. The primary outcome was MACE within 30 days. Results. Among the 751 patients in the final analysis, 90 (11.9%) had a MACE. CORE identified 248 (33%) of patients as low risk with a sensitivity of 98.9% (CI 93.1–99.9) and a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI 97.4–100) for 30-day MACE. Adding the ED physician’s interpretation of the ECG to CORE did not improve diagnostic performance. Conclusion. A simple objective decision rule (CORE) identified one-third of all patients as having a very low 30-day risk of MACE. These patients may potentially be discharged without additional investigations for acute coronary syndrome.
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