| 1. |
- Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging : the Magnetic Resonance Imaging- Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ)
- 2016
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 72:6, s. 1368-1380
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To develop and validate a new instrument measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire.Background: Questionnaires measuring patients’ anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations have been the same as used in a wide range of conditions. To learn about patients’ experience during examination and to evaluate interventions, a specific questionnaire measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging is needed.Design: Psychometric cross-sectional study with test-retest design.Methods: A new questionnaire, Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire, was designed from patient expressions of anxiety in Magnetic Resonance Imagingscanners. The sample was recruited between October 2012–October 2014. Factor structure was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion-related validity, known-group validity and test-retest was calculated.Results: Patients referred for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of either the spine or the heart, were invited to participate. The development and validation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire resulted in 15 items consisting of two factors. Cronbach’s alpha was found to be high. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire correlated higher with instruments measuring anxiety than with depression scales. Known-group validity demonstrated a higher level of anxiety for patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the heart than for those examining the spine. Test-retest reliability demonstrated acceptable level for the scale.Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire bridges a gap among existing questionnaires, making it a simple and useful tool for measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations.
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| 2. |
- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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| 3. |
- Dalgard, Olav, et al.
(author)
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Pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin for 14 versus 24 weeks in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 and rapid virological response
- 2008
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In: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0270-9139 .- 1527-3350. ; 47:1, s. 35-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A recent nonrandomized pilot trial showed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with genotype 2/3 and rapid virological response (RVR) had a 90% sustained virological response (SVR) rate after 14 weeks of treatment. We aimed to assess this concept in a randomized controlled trial. In the trial, 428 treatment-naïve HCV RNA–positive patients with genotype 2 or 3 were enrolled. Patients with RVR were randomized to 14 (group A) or 24 (group B) weeks of treatment. Patients were treated with pegylated interferon α-2b (1.5 μg/kg) subcutaneously weekly and ribavirin (800-1400 mg) orally daily. The noninferiority margin was set to be 10% between the two groups with a one-sided 2.5% significance level. RVR was obtained in 302 of 428 (71%), and 298 of these were randomized to group A (n = 148) or group B (n = 150). In the intention-to-treat analysis, SVR rates were 120 of 148 (81.1%) in group A and 136 of 150 (90.7%) in group B (difference, 9.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-17.7). Among patients with an HCV RNA test 24 weeks after the end of treatment, 120 of 139 (86.3%) patients in group A achieved SVR compared with 136 of 146 (93.2%) in group B (difference, 6.9%; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to +13.9). Conclusion: We cannot formally claim that 14 weeks of treatment is noninferior to 24 weeks of treatment. However, the SVR rate after 14 weeks of treatment is high, and although longer treatment may give slightly better SVR, we believe economical savings and fewer side effects make it rational to treat patients with genotype 2 or 3 and RVR for only 14 weeks.
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| 4. |
- Elks, Cathy E, et al.
(author)
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Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
- 2010
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1077-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Impacts of off-road traffic on soil physical properties of forest clear-cuts: X-ray and laboratory analysis
- 2018
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 33:2, s. 166-177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Due to the great year-round demand for forest products, off-road forestry traffic occurs even when the ground is susceptible to soil compaction and rutting. We investigated the impacts of repeated passes with a laden forwarder (34Mg) on the soil physical properties of two clear-cuts on stony till soils in northern Sweden. Core samples (n=71) were collected from the top 5cm of mineral soil in and beside wheel tracks, after six passes with the forwarder. Soil physical properties were quantified using classical soil physical analyses and X-ray tomography. The hydraulic conductivity was 70% lower in the wheel tracks than in the soil beside. The X-ray image analysis indicated that this was due to the smaller total volume and lower connectivity of structural pores (φ > 60µm). Total porosity was 24% and 12% lower in the tracks at the two sites respectively, and mean bulk density was 1.39gcm −3 in the tracks, compared to 1.13gcm −3 beside them. To conclude, traffic changed the soil physical properties in a way that may lead to longer periods of high water content in the wheel tracks, increased risk of surface runoff and insufficient aeration for optimal seedling growth.
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| 6. |
- Hasselquist, Eliza Maher, et al.
(author)
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Moving towards multi-layered, mixed-species forests in riparian buffers will enhance their long-term function in boreal landscapes
- 2021
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Riparian buffers are the primary tool in forest management for protecting the habitat structure and function of streams. They help protect against biogeochemical perturbation, filter sediments and nutrients, prevent erosion, contribute food to aquatic organisms, regulate light and hence water temperature, contribute deadwood, and preserve biodiversity. However, in production forests of Sweden and Finland, many headwater streams have been straightened, ditched, and/or channelized, resulting in altered hydrology and reduced natural disturbance by floods, which in turn affects important riparian functions. Furthermore, in even-aged management systems as practiced in much of Fennoscandia, understory trees have usually been cleared right up to the stream’s edge during thinning operations, especially around small, headwater streams. Fire suppression has further favored succession towards shade tolerant species. In the regions within Fennoscandia that have experienced this combination of intensive management and lack of natural disturbance, riparian zones are now dominated by single-storied, native Norway spruce. When the adjacent forest is cut, thin (5 - 15m) conifer-dominated riparian buffers are typically left. These buffers do not provide the protection and subsidies, in terms of leaf litter quality, needed to maintain water quality or support riparian or aquatic biodiversity. Based on a literature review, we found compelling evidence that the ecological benefits of multi-layered, mixed-species riparian forest with a large component of broadleaved species are higher than what is now commonly found in the managed stands of Fennoscandia. To improve the functionality of riparian zones, and hence the protection of streams in managed forest landscapes, we present some basic principles that could be used to enhance the ecological function of these interfaces. These management actions should be prioritized on streams and streamside stands that have been affected by simplification either through forest management or hydrological modification. Key to these principles is the planning and managing of buffer zones as early as possible in the rotation to ensure improved function throughout the rotation cycle and not only at final felling. This is well in line with EU and national legislation which can be interpreted as requiring landscape planning at all forest ages to meet biodiversity and other environmental goals. However, it is still rare that planning for conservation is done other than at the final felling stage. Implementing this new strategy is likely to have long-term positive effects and improve the protection of surface waters from negative forestry effects and a history of fire suppression. By following these suggested management principles, there will be a longer time period with high function and greater future management flexibility in addition to the benefits provided by leaving riparian buffers at the final felling stage.
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| 7. |
- Julian, Valerie, et al.
(author)
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There is a clinical need to consider the physical activity : sedentary pattern in children with obesity - position paper of the European childhood obesity group
- 2022
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In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 78:4, s. 236-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: While international prevention guidelines recently advocated, in addition to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, for a minimization of sedentary (SED) time, recommendations remain to be developed for youths with obesity. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, plus the reference lists of selected articles for relevant publications in English, including original papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with search terms "sedentary behaviors" or "sedentary time" or "screen time" AND "children" or "adolescents" AND "obesity" or "adiposity" or "cardiometabolic risk" or "cardiometabolic disease." The results were summarized as a narrative review and presented to the scientific board of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG), who then discussed their implication in clinical practice and proposed the position outlined in this paper. Results: SED and screen times are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risks, independently of youths' physical activity (PA) level. Besides considering MVPA and SED times as separate variables, comprehensive studies have questioned the impact of different patterns of MVPA and SED levels. Although lower body adiposity and better cardiometabolic health are achieved among those with desirable movement behavior patterns (i.e., more MVPA/less SED or active/not SED), youths with intermediate patterns (i.e., high MVPA/high SED and low MVPA/low SED, or active/SED and inactive/not SED) have been found to be associated with intermediate risks. Conclusion: There is a need to decrease SED behaviors irrespective of MVPA and to consider PA-SED patterns in youth with obesity. The ECOG encourages anti-obesity strategies targeting both PA and SED behaviors to support the shift from long periods of SED time, especially screen time, to daily routines incorporating bouts of PA. Stepwise or sequential approaches to movement behavior counseling might start with targeting SED at first to decrease cardiometabolic risks when implementing MVPA is not yet possible.
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| 8. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Adaptation to Climate Change in Swedish Forestry
- 2016
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In: Forests. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adaptation to climate change in forestry has become a growing concern, in part due to the impact of storms and other events that have raised the awareness of such risks amongst forest owners. Sweden is one of Europe's most densely-forested countries, with this sector playing a major role economically. However adaptation has, to a large extent, been limited to the provision of recommendations to forest managers, most of which have only been partially implemented. This paper summarizes research with direct implications for adaptation to climate change within the forestry sector in Sweden. The focus is based in particular on providing examples of adaptations that illustrate the specific Swedish orientation to adaptation, in line with its relatively intensive forest management system. The paper thus illustrates a specific Swedish orientation to adaptation through active management, which can be contrasted with approaches to adaptation in other forestry systems, in particular those with limited management or management based on maintaining natural forests in particular.
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| 9. |
- Kettis, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Genetic research and donation of tissue samples to biobanks. What do potential sample donors in the Swedish general public think?
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 16:4, s. 433-440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to identify perceptions of the general public regarding research involving human tissues; to assess the public's willingness to donate samples to biobanks; and to identify factors associated with the willingness to donate samples. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Postal questionnaires to a random sample of the general public in Sweden, 18-80 years of age (n = 6000) in October 2002 (response rate 49.4%; n = 2928). Results: A majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards genetic research. Their trust in authorities' capability to evaluate the risks and benefits of genetic research varied. Individual university/hospital-based researchers received the greatest trust, while the county councils (health care providers), and the Swedish Parliament received the lowest trust. Most respondents (86.0%) would donate a linked blood sample for research purposes. Another 3.0% would provide an anonymous sample. In total, 78% of the respondents would agree to both donation and storage. The most common motive was benefit of future patients. The majority was indifferent to the funding source for the research and would delegate this judgment to the research ethics committee. After adjusting for covariates, those more likely to donate a sample were middle-aged, had children, had personal experience of genetic disease, were blood donors, had a positive attitude toward genetic research, and had trust in experts/institutions. Conclusions: The majority of the general public is willing to donate a sample to a biobank. The willingness is mainly driven by altruism, and depends on the public being well-informed and having trust in experts and institutions.
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| 10. |
- Kettis, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Perceptions of potential donors in the Swedish public towards information and consent procedures in relation to use of human tissue samples in biobanks : a population-based study
- 2007
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:2, s. 148-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To assess the Swedish public's preferences for information and consent procedures when being asked for permission to use previously collected tissue samples for new research studies. Methods: Cross-sectional study employing postal questionnaires to a random sample of the Swedish general public (n = 6,000) in October 2002-February 2003. The response rate was 49% (n = 2,928). This paper includes only respondents who reportedly would approve of samples being taken and stored (n = 2,122). Results: When potential tissue sample donors in the general public have to strike a balance between the values at stake, i.e. the autonomy of the donor versus the research value, most (72%) prefer general consent, i.e. where consent is asked for at the outset only. They want the research ethics committee (REC) alone to decide on the use of stored samples, and they would allow storage as long as the sample is useful for research. The minority of respondents who were in favour of specific consent were more likely to be young, well educated, have negative experiences of healthcare and low trust in healthcare authorities. Conclusions: The majority of the Swedish general public prefer general consent, and are thus willing to delegate some decisions to the RECs. However, preferences for information and consent procedures depend on the context, e.g. the risks for the donor and the purpose of the research. If feasible, procedures should be differentiated according to the preferences of individual donors, thus protecting the interests of both the minority and the majority.
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| 11. |
- Laudon, Hjalmar, et al.
(author)
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Consequences of More Intensive Forestry for the Sustainable Management of Forest Soils and Waters
- 2011
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In: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 2, s. 243-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Additions of nutrients, faster growing tree varieties, more intense harvest practices, and a changing climate all have the potential to increase forest production in Sweden, thereby mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration and fossil fuel substitution. However, the effects of management strategies for increased biomass production on soil resources and water quality at landscape scales are inadequately understood. Key knowledge gaps also remain regarding the sustainability of shorter rotation periods and more intensive biomass harvests. This includes effects of fertilization on the long-term weathering and supply of base cations and the consequences of changing mineral availability for future forest production. Furthermore, because soils and surface waters are closely connected, management efforts in the terrestrial landscape will potentially have consequences for water quality and the ecology of streams, rivers, and lakes. Here, we review and discuss some of the most pertinent questions related to how increased forest biomass production in Sweden could affect soils and surface waters, and how contemporary forestry goals can be met while minimizing the loss of other ecosystem services. We suggest that the development of management plans to promote the sustainable use of soil resources and water quality, while maximizing biomass production, will require a holistic ecosystem approach that is placed within a broader landscape perspective.
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| 12. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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From wicked problem to governable entity? : The effects of forestry on mercury in aquatic ecosystems
- 2018
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In: Forest Policy and Economics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 90, s. 90-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In all Swedish lakes, the concentration of mercury (Hg) in fish exceeds the European Union threshold limit. While the ultimate source of Hg is primarily airborne emissions from fossil energy, forestry plays a small but important role because some forestry operations help mobilize and transform Hg, increasing Hg loads in downstream aquatic ecosystems. Simultaneously, climate change is placing additional demands on forests to provide biomass as a substitute for fossil fuel. Thus, decision-makers are facing a complex situation, a “wicked problem,” when it comes to how to handle the problem of forestry’s effects on Hg in aquatic ecosystems while at the same time securing other ecosystem services. In order to explore forestry’s degree of responsibility as well as possible solutions to this problem in Sweden, a transdisciplinary method has been used consisting of a structured dialogue with actors from relevant governmental agencies, forest companies, and forest associations. The analysis shows that while the issue can be addressed constructively, the complex character of the problem requires consideration of not only management practices for forestry but also current regulatory goals and environmental objectives. The Hg problem represents a class of difficult issues for forestry where stand- or property-based production has an impact on a greater spatial scale. This means that regulating the more direct impacts of forestry needs to be weighed against the implications this regulation may have on the overall issue of ecosystem services.
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| 13. |
- Lindahl, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Allele Dependent Silencing of Collagen Type I Using Small Interfering RNAs Targeting 3'UTR Indels : a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Ivyspring International Publisher. - 1449-1907. ; 10:10, s. 1333-1343
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as "brittle bone disease", is a heterogeneous disorder of connective tissue generally caused by dominant mutations in the genes COL1A1 and COL1A2, encoding the α1 and α2 chains of type I (pro)collagen. Symptomatic patients are usually prescribed bisphosphonates, but this treatment is neither curative nor sufficient. A promising field is gene silencing through RNA interference. In this study small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed to target each allele of 3'UTR insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) in COL1A1 (rs3840870) and COL1A2 (rs3917). For both indels, the frequency of heterozygous individuals was determined to be approximately 50% in Swedish cohorts of healthy controls as well as in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Cultures of primary human bone derived cells were transfected with siRNAs through magnet-assisted transfection. cDNA from transfected cells was sequenced in order to measure targeted allele/non-targeted allele ratios and the overall degree of silencing was assessed by quantitative PCR. Successful allele dependent silencing was observed, with promising results for siRNAs complementary to both the insertion and non-insertion harboring alleles. In COL1A1 cDNA the indel allele ratios were shifted from 1 to 0.09 and 0.19 for the insertion and non-insertion allele respectively while the equivalent resulting ratios for COL1A2 were 0.05 and 0.01. Reductions in mRNA abundance were also demonstrated; in cells treated with siRNAs targeting the COL1A1 alleles the average COL1A1 mRNA levels were reduced 65% and 78% compared to negative control levels and in cells treated with COL1A2 siRNAs the average COL1A2 mRNA levels were decreased 26% and 49% of those observed in the corresponding negative controls. In conclusion, allele dependent silencing of collagen type I utilizing 3'UTR indels common in the general population constitutes a promising mutation independent therapeutic approach for osteogenesis imperfecta.
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| 14. |
- Olsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Does the harvest of logging residues and wood ash application affect the mobilization and bioavailability of trace metals?
- 2017
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 383, s. 61-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Residue biomass from conventional forestry, such as slash (i.e., tree tops and branches) and stumps, are used at an increasing rate for energy purposes in Sweden. This review examined current knowledge on how extraction of forest biomass for large-scale energy production, including the practice of ash application for nutrient recycling, influences the mobility and stocks of trace metals in the forest environment at different time scales. The study focussed on Swedish energy production systems and contemporary forest management practices, as well as the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). The historic accumulation of these elements in forest soils has mainly originated from diffuse, long-term atmospheric deposition. There is little conclusive evidence that slash harvest generally increases the risk for mobilization of trace metals from soils during the regeneration phase, compared with stem-only harvesting. However, microbial transformation of mercury into the highly toxic methyl mercury (MeHg) species is facilitated in suboxic soil conditions that may increase during the regeneration,phase. Therefore it has been hypothesized that stump harvest could result in increased mercury methylation and transport to surface waters, owing to stump harvest effects on soil physical conditions and hydrological pathways. The few studies available on the stump harvest effects of Hg showed no consistent difference in runoff from clear felled and stump harvested catchments compared to clear-felled and soil-scarified catchments in terms of concentrations or fluxes of MeHg. Assuming that the highest trace metal concentrations in wood ash recommended by the Swedish Forest Authority are not exceeded, wood ash application does not currently increase metal loads at the national scale, because trace metal export in harvested biomass is much larger than that returned in wood ash. The net load of Pb, Cd, and Cu will not increase at the local scale if ash doses do not greatly exceed the compensation for nutrients exported in harvested biomass. Biomass harvest and ash application have negligible effects on the load of mercury to forest soils. A large number of studies have examined the effects of wood ash on trace metal content in soil, water and biota. Most studies showed no effect of wood ash application. When increased concentrations were found (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn), this was in soils where concentrations remained well below harmful levels. Relatively fewer reports of increased concentrations are reported for soil water and plants, and no effects were reported for edible berries or fungi.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ring, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Mapping policies for surface water protection zones on forest land in the Nordic-Baltic region : Large differences in prescriptiveness and zone width.
- 2017
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In: Ambio. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 46:8, s. 878-893
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The forest landscape across the Nordic and Baltic regions hosts numerous lakes and watercourses, which must be included in forest management. In this study, national policy designs regarding protection zones for surface waters on forest land were reviewed and compared for the Nordic countries, Estonia and Latvia. The focus was how each country regulates protection zones, whether they are voluntary or mandatory, and the rationale behind adopting a low or high degree of prescriptiveness. Iceland and Denmark had a low degree of policy prescriptiveness, whereas Norway, Estonia and Latvia had a high degree of prescriptiveness. Sweden and Finland relied to a large extent on voluntary commitments. The prescribed zone widths within the region ranged from 1 m to 5 km. The results indicated that land-use distribution, forest ownership structure and historical and political legacies have influenced the varying degrees of prescriptiveness in the region.
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| 17. |
- Serup, Jörgen, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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To follow or not to follow dermatological treatment : A review of the literature
- 2006
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 86:3, s. 193-197
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Creams, ointments and solutions applied to the skin surface by patients as part of a daily routine might be expected to provide a more variable dosage than do standard tablets. However, adherence to treatment in dermatology has been little studied. This article reviews recent publications in the field. These are dominated by questionnaire-based studies, which tend to over-estimate adherence. Reduced adherence to dermatological treatment is noted in 34-45% of patients. It is likely that the percentage of patients who practice truly optimal treatment in their daily life is even lower considering the variable practice of self-treatment. Self-reported psychiatric morbidity contributes to poor adherence to dermatological treatment, while a well-functioning doctor-patient interaction is a major determinant of good adherence, as is patient satisfaction. In conclusion, adherence to dermatological treatment is unsatisfactory and there is a need for intervention and change in clinical routines. The therapeutic and economic benefits may be considerable. The immediate challenge is to stimulate a change in patient behaviour and improve self-treatment at home. © 2006 Acta Dermato-Venereologica.
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| 18. |
- Sikström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Tillförsel av aska i skog på dikad torvmark i södra Sverige – effekter på skogsproduktion, flöden av växthusgaser, torvegenskaper, markvegetation och grundvattenkemi
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det finns flera sätt att använda den aska som produceras vid förbränning av skogsbränsle som alternativ till deponering. Ett sätt är att återföra askan till skogen. Förutom att utnyttja aska från skogsbränslen som kompensation för markförsurning och uttagen näring, finns det även en potential att öka skogsproduktionen på dikad torvmark. Det finns dock ett behov av ökade kunskaper om övriga miljöeffekter efter tillförsel av aska på dikad torvmark. Syftet med de här redovisade studierna var att undersöka effekten av asktillförsel på trädens tillväxt, flöden av växthusgaser, torvegenskaper, markvegetation och grundvattenkemi. Studierna utfördes i tre fältförsök (Perstorp, Anderstorp och Skogaryd) i Götaland. Samtliga variabler studerades dock inte i alla försök. Perstorp är en lågproduktiv torvmark som vid försöksstarten hade en plantskog av tall. Där studerades långtidseffekter i torven och på markvegetation 25–26 år efter att 2,5 ton t.s. aska per ha tillförts, troligen som lösaska. Det var stor skillnad i skogstillstånd mellan kontrollytor och askytor vid tidpunkten för dessa studier. Kontrollytorna var i stort sett oförändrade sedan försöksstarten avseende trädskiktet (1,7 m höga träd), medan askytorna hyste en ca 5,5 m hög tallungskog med ca dubbelt så högt stamantal. Anderstorp är en något bördigare lokal med tallskog än Perstorp. Skogaryd är en högproduktiv torvmark med granskog. I båda försöken tillfördes krossaskor i två doser, 3,3 och 6,6 ton t.s. aska per ha. Den lägre dosen kan betraktas som en hög kompensationsgiva alternativt en låg askgödslingsgiva, medan den högre kan ses som en möjlig praktisk askgödslingsgiva. Resultaten från dessa försök belyser effekter upp till fem respektive två år efter asktillförseln. Trädens grundytetillväxt i Anderstorp ökade signifikant efter tillförsel av 6,6 ton t.s. aska ha-1under den studerade femårsperioden. Det var ett förväntat resultat enligt tidigare erfarenheter. I Skogaryd kunde inga tillväxteffekter av asktillförseln påvisas efter två år. De uppmätta gasflödena upp till fem åren efter tillförsel av 3,3 och 6,6 ton t.s. krossaska per ha visade att emissionen av CO2 var oförändrad i Anderstorp. På den bördiga lokalen (Skogaryd) minskade emissionen av CO2. Emissionen av CH4 var oförändrad i båda försöken. Lustgasemissionerna i Anderstorp var knappt detekterbara, medan askan minskade emissionen i Skogaryd. Minskningen tycktes vara kopplad till ökat pH-värde i torven. Den mikrobiella biomassan minskade i de undersökta dränerade lågproduktiva torvmarkerna av en låg askgiva (ca 3 ton d.w. per ha), medan samhällsstrukturen var opåverkad. Asktillförseln minskade nettokvävemineraliseringen i dessa torvmarker. Inga påtagliga initiala förändringar av markvegetationen kunde påvisas efter asktillförseln. Vegetationsstrukturen ändrades på försökslokalen med lägst bördighet (Perstorp) och växtdiversiteten och täckningsgraden i fältskiktet minskade. Detta var troligen en effekt av det förändrade skogstillståndet p.g.a. asktillförseln. Resultaten från torvmarken med hög bördighet och granskog (Skogaryd) visade på en ökad diversitet i både fält- och bottenskikt samt en något ökad produktion i markvegetationen två år efter asktillförseln. Asktillförseln i Skogaryd gav mycket få påvisbara behandlingseffekter för de 43 uppmätta grundvattenkemiska variablerna. De höga bakgrundsnivåerna av bl.a. B, Ca, Mg och PO4-P bidrog sannolikt till detta. En slutsats är att tillförsel av 3–6 ton krossaska ha-1 på dikad torvmark inte bidrar till ökad GWP (”Global Warming Potential”), utan snarare till en minskning, under de fem första åren efter åtgärden. Det krävs mer långsiktiga uppföljningar i försöken för att se om de redovisade effekterna på GWP är bestående samt fördjupade studier för att förstå mekanismerna bakom de uppmätta minskade flödena av CO2 och N2O.
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| 19. |
- Sponseller, Ryan A., et al.
(author)
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Nitrogen dynamics in managed boreal forests : Recent advances and future research directions
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S175-S187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) availability plays multiple roles in the boreal landscape, as a limiting nutrient to forest growth, determinant of terrestrial biodiversity, and agent of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. We review existing research on forest N dynamics in northern landscapes and address the effects of management and environmental change on internal cycling and export. Current research foci include resolving the nutritional importance of different N forms to trees and establishing how tree-mycorrhizal relationships influence N limitation. In addition, understanding how forest responses to external N inputs are mediated by above-and belowground ecosystem compartments remains an important challenge. Finally, forestry generates a mosaic of successional patches in managed forest landscapes, with differing levels of N input, biological demand, and hydrological loss. The balance among these processes influences the temporal patterns of stream water chemistry and the long-term viability of forest growth. Ultimately, managing forests to keep pace with increasing demands for biomass production, while minimizing environmental degradation, will require multi-scale and interdisciplinary perspectives on landscape N dynamics.
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Teresia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of previous nitrogen addition on chlorine in forest soil, soil solution and biomass
- 2013
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In: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 116:1-3, s. 3-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that forests and forest soil contribute to the signature of chlorine composition in water bodies. However, little is known about the potential effects of land management activities on chlorine biogeochemistry. This study examines the effects of previous nitrogen addition on chlorine chemistry in a Pinus sylvestris L. forest located in south-central Sweden (60°00′N, 13°43′E). Repeated addition of nitrogen to study plots over a 20-year period resulted in total additions of 0, 450 and 900 kg N ha−1. Soil samples were collected before harvesting, and soil solution and biomass were sampled following final felling. Contrary to previous findings, we found no clear evidence that previous addition of nitrogen had hampered the formation of organic chlorine in the organic soil layer. We suggest that the effects of nitrogen addition on chlorination processes are not seen in the surface soil, but are instead manifested in the migration of organic matter in the mineral soil. Soil organic matter from the E-horizon had a lower chlorination degree in the nitrogen-amended plots than in the control plots. In addition, we observed lower Cl− levels in the seedling needles following high nitrogen fertilization (900 N) than in 450 N or control. These results add on the importance of studying chlorine dynamics with focus on what chlorinated soil organic matter can be resistant to degradation compared to average soil organic matter and what can be leached as a result of harvesting and available for vegetation.
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| 21. |
- Sörensen, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Forest Harvest Increases Runoff Most during Low Flows in Two Boreal Streams
- 2009
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In: Ambio. - : Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 38:7, s. 357-363
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To understand how forest harvest influences the aquatic environment, it is essential to determine the changes in the flow regime. This paper presents changes in the hydrological regime during the first 2 y after harvest in two catchments of the Balsjo Catchment Study in Sweden. The changes were judged relative to a reference catchment, calibrated during an 18-mo pretreatment period starting in September 2004. From August 2006 through March 2008, there was an average of 35% more runoff from the harvested catchments relative to the reference. The flow increased most during the growing seasons and at base flows (< 1 mm d(-1); 58-99% increase), followed by dormant season and intermediate flows (30-43%). No significant changes were observed during the highest flows (over 5 mm d(-1)), except for the spring flood a few weeks after harvest, which was delayed and attenuated. Large relative changes in low flow may influence the ecosystem by altering the aquatic habitat
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| 22. |
- Vallis, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in Chronic Disease : What is (im)Possible? Expert conclusions from the 30th ECOG workshop 2021 Abstracts
- 2022
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In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 78:6, s. 352-358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obesity is a chronic disease, in which treatment outcomes are highly dependent on patient and family adherence to behavioural recommendations. The role of healthy eating, physical activity, medication adherence as well as adherence to pre- and post-bariatric surgery protocols are of utmost importance for long-term treatment outcomes. Even the best interventions are not likely to reach their maximum benefit without significant levels of adherence on the part of the individual and family. Traditionally, the annual meeting of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) includes an expert workshop addressing one specific topic within the field of childhood obesity. During the 30th annual meeting, hosted by the University of Pecs, Hungary, as a virtual meeting, "adherence to treatment recommendations in obesity as a chronic disease" was addressed. The discussions that developed during the workshop are summarized in the following article.
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| 23. |
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