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- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Lührmann, Anna, 1983, et al.
(author)
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State of the world 2017: autocratization and exclusion?
- 2018
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In: Democratization. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-0347 .- 1743-890X. ; 25:8, s. 1321-1340
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents evidence of a global trend of autocratization. The most visible feature of democracy – elections – remains strong and is even improving in some places. Autocratization mainly affects non-electoral aspects of democracy such as media freedom, freedom of expression, and the rule of law, yet these in turn threaten to undermine the meaningfulness of elections. While the majority of the world’s population lives under democratic rule, 2.5 billion people were subjected to autocratization in 2017. Last year, democratic qualities were in decline in 24 countries across the world, many of which are populous such as India and the United States. This article also presents evidence testifying that men and wealthy groups tend to have a strong hold on political power in countries where 86% of the world population reside. Further, we show that political exclusion based on socio-economic status in particular is becoming increasingly severe. For instance, the wealthy have gained significantly more power in countries home to 1.9 billion of the world’s population over the past decade.
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| 8. |
- Sanhueza, C, et al.
(author)
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Caveolin-1-Mediated Tumor Suppression Is Linked to Reduced HIF1α S-Nitrosylation and Transcriptional Activity in Hypoxia
- 2020
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In: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a well-established nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, whose function as a tumor suppressor is favored by, but not entirely dependent on, the presence of E-cadherin. Tumors are frequently hypoxic and the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) promotes tumor growth. HIF1α is regulated by several post-translational modifications, including S-nitrosylation. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms underlying tumor suppression by CAV1 in cancer cells lacking E-cadherin in hypoxia. Our main findings are that CAV1 reduced HIF activity and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression in vitro and in vivo. This effect was neither due to reduced HIF1α protein stability or reduced nuclear translocation. Instead, HIF1α S-nitrosylation observed in hypoxia was diminished by the presence of CAV1, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity in cells to the same extent as observed upon CAV1 expression. Additionally, arginase inhibition by (S)-(2-Boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) partially rescued cells from the CAV1-mediated suppression of HIF1α transcriptional activity. In vivo, CAV1-mediated tumor suppression was dependent on NOS activity. In summary, CAV1-dependent tumor suppression in the absence of E-cadherin is linked to reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity via diminished NOS-mediated HIF1α S-nitrosylation.
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| 9. |
- Sanhueza, J. P., et al.
(author)
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Computational modeling of the effect of B and W in the phase transformation of M23C6 carbides in 9 to 12 pct Cr martensitic/ferritic steels
- 2019
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In: Materials Research Express. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2053-1591. ; 6:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of B and W in the precipitation kinetic of M23C6 carbides in martensitic/ferritic steels were studied assisted by ThermoCalc and TC-PRISMA. The simulation predicts that B has low solubility in the austenitic and ferritic matrix, thus promoting the formation of M2B borides and (Cr, Fe)(23)(C, B)(6) carbides. Furthermore, calculation carried out in ThermoCalc shown that M2B borides are stable even at austenization temperature (1100 degrees C). This suggests that in martensitic/ferritic steels M2B precipitates first, hence consuming most of available B. Additionally, the precipitation kinetics of (Cr, Fe)(23)C-6, (Cr, Fe, W)(23)C-6 and (Cr, Fe)(23)(C, B)(6) were simulated in TC-PRISMA, results obtained predict a higher steady nucleation rate for the latter. When B atoms incorporate to (Cr, Fe)(23)C-6 reduces the interfacial energy from 0.26 J/m(2) to 0.17 J m(-2), which indicates a smaller misfit between (Cr, Fe)(23)(C, B)(6) carbides and matrix. On the other hand, B and W reduce the coarsening rate of M23C6 carbides by decreasing the interfacial energy and reducing diffusivities, respectively. Theoretical results compared with experimental data of the coarsening rate of (Cr, Fe, W)(23)(C, B)(6) shown that it is one order of magnitude lower than the predicted by TC-PRISMA. This suggests that B can be the rate-controlling element of the coarsening of (Cr, Fe, W)(23)(C, B)(6) carbides instead of W.
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| 10. |
- Sanhueza, J. P., et al.
(author)
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Effect of Boron in the Coarsening Rate of Chromium-Rich Carbides in 9%–12% Chromium Martensitic Creep-Resistant Steel : Experiment and Modeling at 650 °C
- 2020
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In: Metals and Materials International. - : Korean Institute of Metals and Materials. - 1598-9623 .- 2005-4149.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: In this study, three martensitic creep-resistant steels with 100, 90, and 70 ppm of boron were investigated. The experimental data obtained from isothermal aging and creep test at 650 °C were compared with the results of simulation conducted using TC-PRISMA software. Tungsten was found to be the rate-controlling element in the coarsening of (Cr, Fe, W)23C6 carbides; however, this result differed in terms of boron-containing steel. Several studies indicate that the low solubility of boron in ferrite promotes boron enrichment in (Cr, Fe, W)23C6 carbide, thereby reducing its coarsening rate. However, this mechanism is not universally agreed upon. In the present study, a comparison between experimental and theoretical results revealed that in boron-containing steels, the coarsening of (Cr, Fe, W)23C6 carbide is controlled probably by boron volume diffusion or by trans-interface diffusion. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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