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2. |
- Geale, Kirk, et al.
(author)
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Late Breaking Abstract - NORdic Database for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR) : Swedish and Finnish patients
- 2018
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: A cross-border research collaboration was recently initiated across the Nordic countries. These countries maintain population-based registers containing a variety of patient-level health and socioeconomic variables, providing a basis for nation-wide, longitudinal research.Aims and objectives: Describe key characteristics of Swedish and Finnish asthma populations in 2014.Methods: NORDSTAR is a research platform with ethical approval based on Nordic register data. Patients with an asthma diagnosis (ICD-10: J45/46) at any age in specialist care, or ≥2 dispensed respiratory prescriptions (ATC: R03) while aged 6-44, during 2004-2014 were included. Those with diagnosis and treatment pairs unlikely to be asthma were excluded. Demographics (age, sex, income, education level, and urban residence), treatment, comorbidities, and asthma specialist visits in 2014 were described using summary statistics.Results: Finnish comorbidity levels appeared higher than in Sweden. More Finnish patients filled OCS prescriptions (24%) than Swedish patients (20%). Most Swedish patients lived in an urban setting, and the distribution of education level was similar to the general population. Mean family income was 49,960 and 42,840 EUR in Sweden and Finland respectively, while 31% and 44% of patients visited an asthma specialist. Prevalence of asthma was highest among women in both countries, and age distributions were similar.Conclusions: NORDSTAR is a platform for conducting asthma outcomes research in the Nordics. Swedish and Finnish patients appear to be similar in many dimensions except for prevalence of asthma specialist care contacts.
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5. |
- Beech, Jason P., et al.
(author)
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Electrokinetic wall effect mechanisms and applications
- 2020
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In: MicroTAS 2020 - 24th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. - 9781733419017 ; , s. 42-43
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under the application of longitudinal electric fields in microchannels, microparticles experience lift forces that push them away from the channel walls and affect their trajectories. At high frequencies (>100KHz) the dielectrophoretic forces dominate and are well understood but at lower frequencies there is little agreement as to the exact nature of the forces, how they are generated and how they vary due to the many different experimental conditions that are used in microfluidics devices. Here we present an experimental study of these mechanisms.
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6. |
- Beech, Jason P., et al.
(author)
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Tunable separation and DNA manipulation in metal coated pillar arrays
- 2018
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In: 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2018. - 9781510897571 ; 4, s. 2090-2093
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Implementing electrically connected metal-coated posts in a Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) device and applying electric fields, we use electrokinetics to achieve tunable particle separations and to trap and manipulate DNA. The strength of DLD stems from its typically binary behavior. Particles move in one out of two trajectories based on their effective size. For particles that are close to the threshold size, a minute external force is sufficient to nudge the particles from one trajectory to another. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) provides such a force and also gives specificity based on the dielectric properties of the particles.
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7. |
- Beech, Jason P, et al.
(author)
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Using symmetry to control viscoelastic waves in pillar arrays
- 2023
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In: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 13:45, s. 31497-31506
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solutions of macromolecules exhibit viscoelastic properties and unlike Newtonian fluids, they may break time-reversal symmetry at low Reynolds numbers resulting in elastic turbulence. Furthermore, under some conditions, instead of the chaotic turbulence, the result is large-scale waves in the form of cyclic spatial and temporal concentration variations, as has been shown for macromolecular DNA flowing in microfluidic pillar arrays. We here demonstrate how altering the symmetry of the individual pillars can be used to influence the symmetry of these waves. We control the extent of instabilities in viscoelastic flow by leveraging the effects of the symmetry of the pillars on the waves, demonstrating suppressed viscoelastic fluctuations with relevance for transport and sorting applications, or conversely opening up for enhanced viscoelasticity-mediated mixing. The onset of waves, which changes flow resistance, occurs at different Deborah numbers for flow in different directions through the array of triangular pillars, thus breaking the symmetry of the flow resistance along the device, opening up for using the occurrence of the waves to construct a fluidic diode.
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9. |
- Chanda Nagarajan, Pratheeba, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Turbulent uniformity fluctuations in automotive catalysts – A RANS vs DES assessment
- 2022
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In: Results in Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1230. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attaining sufficient flow uniformity in catalytic aftertreatment systems is a major challenge for the automotive industry. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations offer means of analyzing and quantifying this flow uniformity in silico. In this work, predictions from numerical simulations of flow uniformity obtained using a conventional steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach are contrasted against comprehensive Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) where the large-scale turbulence is resolved in space and time. It is shown that the DES approach provides access to data on flow uniformity fluctuations that could be significant for the catalyst light-off behavior. However, the computational cost of the DES is approximately three orders of magnitude larger than that of the corresponding RANS simulation.
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10. |
- Finnerman, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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Reactor modeling assessment for urea-SNCR applications
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0961-5539 .- 1758-6585. ; 27:7, s. 1395-1411
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The work investigates the effects of neglecting, modeling or partly resolving turbulent fluctuations of velocity, temperature and concentrations on the predicted turbulence-chemistry interaction in urea-SNCR systems.Design/methodology/approach – Numerical predictions of the NO conversion efficiency in an industrial urea-SNCR system are compared to experimental data. Reactor models of varying complexity are assessed, ranging from one-dimensional ideal reactor models to state-of-the-art CFD simulations based on the DES approach. The models employ the same reaction mechanism, but differ in the degree to which they resolve the turbulent fluctuations of the gas phase. A methodology for handling of unknown experimental data with regard to providing adequate boundary conditions is also proposed.Findings – One-dimensional reactor models may be useful for a first quick assessment of urea-SNCR system performance. It is critical to account for heat losses, if present, due to the significant sensitivity of the overall process to temperature. The most comprehensive DES setup evaluated is associated with approximately two orders of magnitude higher computational cost than the conventional RANS-based simulations. For studies that require a large number of simulations (e.g. optimizations or handling of incomplete experimental data), the less costly approaches may be favored with a tolerable loss of accuracy.Originality/value – Novel numerical and experimental results are presented to elucidate the role of turbulent fluctuations on the performance of a complex, turbulent, reacting multiphase flow.
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11. |
- Guo, Ning, 1992, et al.
(author)
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The effect of turbulent velocity fluctuations on the convective heat transfer to droplets subjected to evaporation and thermolysis
- 2016
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In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : Author(s). - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 9780735413924 ; 1738, s. 030007-1-4-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of turbulent velocity fluctuations on the convective heat transfer to single droplets in a turbulent channel flow are investigated numerically. It is found that for properties relevant to typical liquid spray applications, the convective heat transfer is enhanced with increasing droplet size and bulk Reynolds number. The combined effect of convective heat transfer enhancement and increased driving forces for heat and mass transfer due to droplet dispersion is thereafter investigated for a commercial spray application. The probability distribution functions of droplet properties in the spray are found to be significantly affected by the presence of turbulent velocity fluctuations in the carrier phase.
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12. |
- Hoogendoorn, Billy W., et al.
(author)
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Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in the recycling of nickel and cadmium battery metals using electrodeposition
- 2023
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In: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2516-0230. ; 5:19, s. 5263-5275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were employed in the aqueous electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium for battery metal recycling. The electrowinning of mixed Ni-Cd metal ion recycling solutions demonstrated that cadmium with a purity of over 99% could be selectively extracted while leaving the nickel in the solution. Two types of CNFs were evaluated: negatively charged CNFs (a-CNF) obtained through acid hydrolysis (−75 μeq. g−1) and positively charged CNFs (q-CNF) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups (+85 μeq. g−1). The inclusion of CNFs in the Ni-Cd electrolytes induced growth of cm-sized dendrites in conditions where dendrites were otherwise not observed, or increased the degree of dendritic growth when it was already present to a lesser extent. The augmented dendritic growth correlated with an increase in deposition yields of up to 30%. Additionally, it facilitated the formation of easily detachable dendritic structures, enabling more efficient processing on a large scale and enhancing the recovery of the toxic cadmium metal. Regardless of the charged nature of the CNFs, both negatively and positively charged CNFs led to a significant formation of protruding cadmium dendrites. When deposited separately, dendritic growth and increased deposition yields remained consistent for the cadmium metal. However, dendrites were not observed during the deposition of nickel; instead, uniformly deposited layers were formed, albeit at lower yields (20%), when positively charged CNFs were present. This paper explores the potential of utilizing cellulose and its derivatives as the world's largest biomass resource to enhance battery metal recycling processes.
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14. |
- Johansson, Helena, et al.
(author)
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10-årsrisken för fraktur. Stöd i behandlingen av osteoporos, enligt preliminära svenska riktlinjer.
- 2011
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:7, s. 336-339
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Risken för fraktur beräknas med FRAX för män och kvinnor, för olika åldrar, för olika BMI och med följande riskvariabler: tidigare osteoporotisk fraktur, höftfraktur hos föräldrar, aktuell rökning, längre tids peroral behandling med kortison någon gång i livet, förekomst av reumatoid artrit, förekomst av andra sjukdomstillstånd som orsakar osteoporos, aktuell alkoholkonsumtion ≥3 enheter och bentäthetsmätning.FRAX finns fritt tillgängligt på Internet.I denna artikel beskrivs bakgrunden till FRAX och dess användning vid diagnostik och behandling av osteoporos.
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15. |
- Johansson, Helena, 1981, et al.
(author)
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FRAX model for 10year fracture risk assessment. Support in the treatment of osteoporosis, according to preliminary Swedish guidelines : FRAX modell för att beräkna 10årsrisken för fraktur. Stöd i behandlingen av osteoporos, enligt preliminära svenska riktlinjer
- 2011
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 108:7, s. 336-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Risken för fraktur beräknas med FRAX för män och kvinnor, för olika åldrar, för olika BMI och med följande riskvariabler: tidigare osteoporotisk fraktur, höftfraktur hos föräldrar, aktuell rökning, längre tids peroral behandling med kortison någon gång i livet, förekomst av reumatoid artrit, förekomst av andra sjukdomstillstånd som orsakar osteoporos, aktuell alkoholkonsumtion ≥3 enheter och bentäthetsmätning. FRAX finns fritt tillgängligt på Internet. I denna artikel beskrivs bakgrunden till FRAX och dess användning vid diagnostik och behandling av osteoporos.
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16. |
- Jonsson, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Swedish osteoporosis care
- 2015
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In: ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-3522 .- 1862-3514. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mini-abstract The objective of this study was to review and describe the current state of Swedish osteoporosis care and to highlight ongoing challenges. This report encompasses quantitative health outcomes based on Swedish registry data as well as organizational and management aspects. Executive summary Swedish osteoporosis care is characterized by a significant burden of disease, difficulties in identifying high-risk patients, and fragmented pathways for patients in need of secondary fracture prevention. This report aimed to describe the current state, gaps, and challenges in Swedish osteoporosis care, using Swedish national databases, questionnaires, and interviews with healthcare representatives. A secondary aim was to develop quality and process measures to compare differences between counties and to use those measures to describe the interaction between quantitative health outcomes and aspects of care organization and management. In conjunction with fractures, a considerably smaller proportion of men are treated than women, and a smaller proportion of older women are treated compared to younger groups. Between 3 and 16 % of patients receive treatment after a fracture, and the treatment rate in this patient group can likely increase. In addition to an unsatisfactory treatment rate, a limited number of those treated continue treatment throughout the recommended treatment durations, leading to increased risk of fracture. With a substantial variation between counties, there is a clear difficulty to identify non-persistent patients and switch to an alternative treatment. Collaboration around the patient across specialties has been lacking, and systems for secondary prevention have been concentrated to a few counties. However, when this study was conducted, there was a general trend towards implementing regional care programs. This report suggests possible strategies for improving quality of care and, hopefully, it can provide a basis for future evaluations and regional improvement of osteoporosis care in Sweden and other countries.
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17. |
- Kanis, John A, et al.
(author)
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FRAX and its applications to clinical practice
- 2009
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In: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 44:5, s. 734-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The introduction of the WHO FRAX algorithms has facilitated the assessment of fracture risk on the basis of fracture probability. FRAX integrates the influence of several well validated risk factors for fracture with or without the use of BMD. Its use in fracture risk prediction poses challenges for patient assessment, the development of practice guidelines, the evaluation of drug efficacy and reimbursement, as well as for health economics which are the topics outlined in this review.
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18. |
- Krog, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Photophysical image analysis : Unsupervised probabilistic thresholding for images from electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices
- 2024
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In: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:4, s. 0300122-0300122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We introduce the concept photophysical image analysis (PIA) and an associated pipeline for unsupervised probabilistic image thresholding for images recorded by electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) cameras. We base our approach on a closed-form analytic expression for the characteristic function (Fourier-transform of the probability mass function) for the image counts recorded in an EMCCD camera, which takes into account both stochasticity in the arrival of photons at the imaging camera and subsequent noise induced by the detection system of the camera. The only assumption in our method is that the background photon arrival to the imaging system is described by a stationary Poisson process (we make no assumption about the photon statistics for the signal). We estimate the background photon statistics parameter, λbg, from an image which contains both background and signal pixels by use of a novel truncated fit procedure with an automatically determined image count threshold. Prior to this, the camera noise model parameters are estimated using a calibration step. Utilizing the estimates for the camera parameters and λbg, we then introduce a probabilistic thresholding method, where, for the first time, the fraction of misclassified pixels can be determined a priori for a general image in an unsupervised way. We use synthetic images to validate our a priori estimates and to benchmark against the Otsu method, which is a popular unsupervised non-probabilistic image thresholding method (no a priori estimates for the error rates are provided). For completeness, we lastly present a simple heuristic general-purpose segmentation method based on the thresholding results, which we apply to segmentation of synthetic images and experimental images of fluorescent beads and lung cell nuclei. Our publicly available software opens up for fully automated, unsupervised, probabilistic photophysical image analysis.
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19. |
- Landfeldt, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Patient preferences for characteristics differentiating ovarian stimulation treatments
- 2012
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B1. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 27:3, s. 760-769
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND Little is known concerning patient preferences for IVF treatments. The objective of this study was to elicit patient preferences for characteristics differentiating ovarian stimulation treatments. METHODS Women undergoing IVF were recruited from six clinics in Sweden between May 2010 and December 2010. Included patients completed a study questionnaire consisting of one contingent valuation (CV) question (with six different bids) and 16 conjoint analysis (CA) questions formulated as discrete choices between two hypothetical ovarian stimulation treatments (defined in terms of manufacturing method, method of administration, time required for administration, dose variability and hypothetical price). Patient preferences were derived using multinomial logit modelling. RESULTS The final study population consisted of 294 women (mean age of 35). Respondents were willing to pay €360 [95% confidence interval (CI): €340-€390] to receive FSH derived from DNA technology instead of highly purified extract from urine from post-menopausal women, €300 (95% CI: €280-€320) to administer the FSH using a prefilled injection pen instead of a conventional syringe, €30 (95% CI: €20-€40) per saved minute required for administration and €530 (95% CI: €500-€570) to reduce the dose variability from 10-20% to 1-2%(P< 0.001 for all estimates). The result from the CV was similar to the CA. CONCLUSIONS Women undergoing IVF place significant value on characteristics differentiating ovarian stimulation treatments. Product-specific aspects should be taken into account by decision-makers when discriminating between commercial gonadotrophins in clinical practice to align health-care decision-making with patient preferences and potentially improve the effectiveness of IVF interventions through enhanced patient satisfaction and treatment compliance. Preferences for treatment characteristics should also be considered in evaluations of ovarian stimulation products to capture their true value from a patient perspective.
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20. |
- Lauppe, Rosa, et al.
(author)
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Differing impact of clinical factors on the risk of fracture in younger and older women in the general population and an osteoporosis clinic population
- 2019
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In: Archives of Osteoporosis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-3522 .- 1862-3514. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Summary: This study assesses the impact of risk factors for fracture in women aged 80+ and 60–79. The results suggest that risk assessment which fits younger women may not be suited for the 80+ strata as many common risk factors are less predictive in the older compared to the younger cohort. Purpose: This study assesses whether the impact of classical risk factors for fracture due to osteoporosis is different in women aged 80+ and women aged 60–79. Since most prior research on the contribution of risk factors is based on patients below 80 years of age, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap to increase the accuracy of risk assessment in the oldest old. Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study using Swedish national health register data and BMD data from osteoporosis clinics. Women aged at least 60 were identified from a random sample of the general population and from the BMD databases and allocated to two populations representing patients at different stages of risk assessment. The relative impact of risk factors on fracture risk was assessed using multivariate competing risk regression with fracture as outcome and death as competing event. Results: A total of 163,329 women were included from the general population (52,499 aged 80+) and 22,378 from the BMD databases (4563 aged 80+). The clinical risk factors with relatively highest effect on fracture risk in the older patients were prior fracture and hip T-score below − 2.5 SD. Other included risk factors showed lower impact in the older compared to the younger strata. Conclusions: This study confirms our understanding of the key risk factors for fracture: age, prior fracture, and a low T-score. Regarding remaining risk factors, risk assessment which fits younger women may not be suited for the 80+ strata as many common risk factors are less predictive in the older compared to the younger cohort.
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21. |
- Rolfson, Ola, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Costs Related to Hip Disease in Patients Eligible for Total Hip Arthroplasty.
- 2012
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In: The Journal of Arthroplasty. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8406 .- 0883-5403. ; 27:7, s. 1261-1266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was designed to estimate direct and indirect costs incurred by hip disease in patients eligible for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Before THA, 2635 patients completed a questionnaire regarding the use of resources because of their hip disease. Costs were assigned using official statistical sources or market prices. Annual costs amounted to US$ 7666 per patient. In a regression analysis, higher annual costs were associated with working age, female gender, comorbidity, and operation waiting time more than 90 days (P < .005). The burden of disease for THA candidates is extensive, where loss of productivity is the principal cost. Long wait for surgery is associated with increased costs. This study provides baseline cost data, which will be useful for further health economic analyses and could provide guidance for health care decision makers.
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22. |
- Ström, Henrik, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Near-wall dispersion, deposition and transformation of particles in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment systems
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-727X. ; 70, s. 171-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Combustion-generated nanoparticles are present in exhaust gas aftertreatment systems in the approximate size range 1-1000 nm. Successful optimization of aftertreatment systems for pollution control relies on the existence of numerical tools to predict the momentum, heat and mass transfer between these types of particles and the surrounding gas phase. Such tools can only be readily obtained if our fundamental understanding of the phenomena pertaining to the particle behavior is correct. The small nano-particulates in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment systems are typically described as spherical and inert, closely following the gas phase streamlines apart from a superimposed Brownian motion. However, for real particulate matter, produced by an internal combustion engine, we show that the deposition in an automotive catalyst substrate cannot in general be well described by the aforementioned modelling approach, as particle transformations become active inside the substrate channels, altering the apparent deposition efficiency. A conceptual model is proposed that is able to explain the initially observed discrepancies between measurements and simulations, by describing the particulate matter as a mixture of three different types of particles: truly inert particles, semi-volatile particles and completely volatile particles. The conceptual model is corroborated by experimental and numerical investigations into the behavior of truly inert particles in automotive catalyst substrates. Finally, the possibility to use the model for in-situ characterization of particulate matter is demonstrated. For the first time, data is presented to support the hypothesis that differences in particle properties, as characterized in this way, have a meaningful correlation to particle reactivity in e.g. oxidation experiments. In other words, particle reactivity may be assessed indirectly by investigations of particle mobility. It is also shown how the pressure drop through a bed of deposited nanoparticles will differ depending on the properties of the deposited particles, as characterized by the conceptual model.
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24. |
- Ström, Oskar E., et al.
(author)
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DNA concentration wave formation in pillar arrays
- 2020
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In: MicroTAS 2020 - 24th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. - 9781733419017 ; , s. 240-241
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High throughput in particle and molecular sorting schemes is an important performance indicator and can be realized through increased volumetric processing rates or increased concentrations. Here we investigate the effect of increased concentration of high-molecular weight DNA in micropillar arrays for deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). We find that the array imposes regular fluctuations in the concentration of the DNA if the sample concentration and flow rates exceed respective threshold values. We characterize the resulting concentration waves and study their influence on microsphere trajectories in the device. We expect our results to be relevant e.g. for sample preparation of cell lysates which can often be complicated by the release of chromosomal DNA.
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25. |
- Ström, Oskar E., et al.
(author)
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Geometry-Dependent Elastic Flow Dynamics in Micropillar Arrays
- 2024
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In: Micromachines. - 2072-666X. ; 15:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regular device-scale DNA waves for high DNA concentrations and flow velocities have been shown to emerge in quadratic micropillar arrays with potentially strong relevance for a wide range of microfluidic applications. Hexagonal arrays constitute another geometry that is especially relevant for the microfluidic pulsed-field separation of DNA. Here, we report on the differences at the micro and macroscopic scales between the resulting wave patterns for these two regular array geometries and one disordered array geometry. In contrast to the large-scale regular waves visible in the quadratic array, in the hexagonal arrays, waves occur in a device-scale disordered zig-zag pattern with fluctuations on a much smaller scale. We connect the large-scale pattern to the microscopic flow and observe flow synchronization that switches between two directions for both the quadratic and hexagonal arrays. We show the importance of order using the disordered array, where steady-state stationary and highly fluctuating flow states persist in seemingly random locations across the array. We compare the flow dynamics of the arrays to that in a device with sparsely distributed pillars. Here, we observe similar vortex shedding, which is clearly observable in the quadratic and disordered arrays. However, the shedding of these vortices couples only in the flow direction and not laterally as in the dense, ordered arrays. We believe that our findings will contribute to the understanding of elastic flow dynamics in pillar arrays, helping us elucidate the fundamental principles of non-Newtonian fluid flow in complex environments as well as supporting applications in engineering involving e.g., transport, sorting, and mixing of complex fluids.
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