| 1. |
- Johansson, Ann, et al.
(author)
-
Interstitial photodynamic therapy for primary prostate cancer incorporating realtime treatment dosimetry
- 2007
-
In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 1042-4687 .- 1605-7422. ; 6427, s. 4270-4270
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be a safe treatment option capable of inducing tissue necrosis and decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA). Research groups report on large variations in treatment response, possibly due to biological variations in tissue composition and shortterm response to the therapeutic irradiation. Within our group, an instrument for interstitial PDT on prostate tissue that incorporates realtime treatment feedback is being developed. The treatment protocol consists of two parts. The first part incorporates the pre-treatment plan with ultrasound investigations, providing the geometry for the prostate gland and surrounding risk organs, an iterative random-search algorithm to determine near-optimal fiber positions within the reconstructed geometry and a Block-Cimmino optimization algorithm for predicting individual fiber irradiation times. During the second part, the therapeutic light delivery is combined with measurements of the light transmission signals between the optical fibers, thus monitoring the tissue effective attenuation coefficient by means of spatially resolved spectroscopy. These data are then used as input for repeated runs of the Block-Cimmino optimization algorithm. Thus, the irradiation times for individual fibers are updated throughout the treatment in order to compensate for the influence of changes in tissue composition on the light distribution at the therapeutic wavelength.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bendsoe, Niels, et al.
(author)
-
Fluorescence monitoring of a topically applied liposomal temoporfin formulation and photodynamic therapy of nonpigmented skin malignancies.
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. - 2162-6537. ; 26:2, s. 117-126
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (INN: Temoporfin) is a potent photodynamically active substance in clinical use today. Usually, the substance is given systemically and a known drawback with this administration route is a prolonged skin light sensitization. For the first time to our knowledge, a liposomal Temoporfin gel formulation for topical application was studied in connection with photodynamic therapy (PDT) of nonpigmented skin malignancies in humans. Intervals of 4 hr between drug administration and light irradiation were used. Sensitizer distribution within tumor and surrounding normal skin was investigated by means of point monitoring and imaging fluorescence spectroscopy before, during, and after PDT, showing high tumor selectivity. Furthermore, the bleaching of Temoporfin was studied during the PDT procedure by monitoring the fluorescence following excitation by using a therapeutic light. A 30−35% light-induced photometabolization was shown. No pain occurred during or after treatment. It was also observed that the treated area did not show any swollen tissue or reddening, as is often seen in PDT using topical δ-aminolevulinic acid. On controlling the patients one week after treatment, healing progress was observed in several patients and no complications were registered.
|
|
| 3. |
- deWeert, Michael J., et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of spatial variability in hyperspectral imagery of the uterine cervix in vivo
- 2003
-
In: Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. ; 4959, s. 67-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy in the analysis of cervical histopathology is a growing field of research. The majority of this research is performed with point-like probes. Typically, clinicians select probe sites visually, collecting a handful of spectral samples. An exception to this methodology is the Hyperspectral Diagnostic Imaging (HSDI®) instrument developed by Science and Technology International. This non-invasive device collects contiguous hyperspectral images across the entire cervical portio. The high spatial and spectral resolution of the HSDI instruments make them uniquely well suited for addressing the issues of coupled spatial and spectral variability of tissues in vivo. Analysis of HSDI data indicates that tissue spectra vary from point to point, even within histopathologically homogeneous regions. This spectral variability exhibits both random and patterned components, implying that point monitoring may be susceptible to significant sources of noise and clutter inherent in the tissue. We have analyzed HSDI images from clinical CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) patients to quantify the spatial variability of fluorescence and reflectance spectra. This analysis shows the spatial structure of images to be fractal in nature, in both intensity and spectrum. These fractal tissue textures will limit the performance of any point-monitoring technology.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kamsvåg-Magnusson, Tove, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Parents and children's perceptions of distress related to oral mucositis during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- 2014
-
In: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 103:6, s. 630-636
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimOral mucositis is a common and debilitating side effect of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our study investigated parents' and children's experiences of oral mucositis treatment and whether the parents' perceptions accurately reflected the children's views. MethodsWe analysed 71 questionnaires completed by the parents of children who had undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, together with 38 questionnaires completed by children who were 7 years of age or over. ResultsThe parent proxy and child self-reports showed good to excellent agreement. For example, 86% of the parents and 83% of the children reported oral pain and 44% of the parents and 47% of the children reported difficulty swallowing often or very often. The majority of the parents (61%) were satisfied with the pain treatment that had been given to their child. However, the treatment provided for oral mucositis was not altogether consistent. ConclusionOral mucositis affected the majority of the children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, causing considerable pain and discomfort. The parent proxy reports proved to be reliable and are an important supplement to child self-reports on symptoms related to oral mucositis. But there is a clear need to establish more evidence-based care for children suffering from oral mucositis.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kamsvåg, Tove, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Prevention of oral mucositis with cryotherapy in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantations-a feasibility study and randomized controlled trial
- 2020
-
In: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of oral cryotherapy (OC) in children and to investigate if OC reduces the incidence of severe oral mucositis (OM), oral pain, and opioid use in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods Fifty-three children, 4-17 years old, scheduled for HSCT in Sweden were included and randomized to OC or control using a computer-generated list. OC instructions were to cool the mouth with ice for as long as possible during chemotherapy infusions with an intended time of >= 30 min. Feasibility criteria in the OC group were as follows: (1) compliance >= 70%; (2) considerable discomfort during OC < 20%; (3) no serious adverse events; and (4) ice administered to all children. Grade of OM and oral pain was recorded daily using the WHO-Oral Toxicity Scale (WHO-OTS), Children's International Oral Mucositis Evaluation Scale, and Numerical Rating Scale. Use of opioids was collected from the medical records. Results Forty-nine children (mean age 10.5 years) were included in analysis (OC = 26, control = 23). The feasibility criteria were not met. Compliance was poor, especially for the younger children, and only 15 children (58%) used OC as instructed. Severe OM (WHO-OTS >= 3) was recorded in 26 children (OC = 15, control = 11). OC did not reduce the incidence of severe OM, oral pain, or opioid use. Conclusion The feasibility criteria were not met, and the RCT could not show that OC reduces the incidence of severe OM, oral pain, or opioid use in pediatric patients treated with a variety of conditioning regimens for HSCT.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Svanberg, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Photodynamic therapy: superficial and interstitial illumination.
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668. ; 15:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reviewed using the treatment of skin tumors as an example of superficial lesions and prostate cancer as an example of deep-lying lesions requiring interstitial intervention. These two applications are among the most commonly studied in oncological PDT, and illustrate well the different challenges facing the two modalities of PDT-superficial and interstitial. They thus serve as good examples to illustrate the entire field of PDT in oncology. PDT is discussed based on the Lund University group's over 20 yr of experience in the field. In particular, the interplay between optical diagnostics and dosimetry and the delivery of the therapeutic light dose are highlighted. An interactive multiple-fiber interstitial procedure to deliver the required therapeutic dose based on the assessment of light fluence rate and sensitizer concentration and oxygen level throughout the tumor is presented.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Swartling, Johannes, et al.
(author)
-
System for interstitial photodynamic therapy with online dosimetry: first clinical experiences of prostate cancer.
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 15:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first results from a clinical study for Temoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) of low-grade (T1c) primary prostate cancer using online dosimetry are presented. Dosimetric feedback in real time was applied, for the first time to our knowledge, in interstitial photodynamic therapy. The dosimetry software IDOSE provided dose plans, including optical fiber positions and light doses based on 3-D tissue models generated from ultrasound images. Tissue optical property measurements were obtained using the same fibers used for light delivery. Measurements were taken before, during, and after the treatment session. On the basis of these real-time measured optical properties, the light-dose plan was recalculated. The aim of the treatment was to ablate the entire prostate while minimizing exposure to surrounding organs. The results indicate that online dosimetry based on real-time tissue optical property measurements enabled the light dose to be adapted and optimized. However, histopathological analysis of tissue biopsies taken six months post-PDT treatment showed there were still residual viable cancer cells present in the prostate tissue sections. The authors propose that the incomplete treatment of the prostate tissue could be due to a too low light threshold dose, which was set to 5 J∕cm2.
|
|
| 16. |
- Xie, Haiyan, et al.
(author)
-
Drug quantification in turbid media by fluorescence imaging combined with light-absorption correction using white Monte Carlo simulations.
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668. ; 16:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate quantification of photosensitizers is in many cases a critical issue in photodynamic therapy. As a noninvasive and sensitive tool, fluorescence imaging has attracted particular interest for quantification in pre-clinical research. However, due to the absorption of excitation and emission light by turbid media, such as biological tissue, the detected fluorescence signal does not have a simple and unique dependence on the fluorophore concentration for different tissues, but depends in a complex way on other parameters as well. For this reason, little has been done on drug quantification in vivo by the fluorescence imaging technique. In this paper we present a novel approach to compensate for the light absorption in homogeneous turbid media both for the excitation and emission light, utilizing time-resolved fluorescence white Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Beer-Lambert law. This method shows that the corrected fluorescence intensity is almost proportional to the absolute fluorophore concentration. The results on controllable tissue phantoms and murine tissues are presented and show good correlations between the evaluated fluorescence intensities after the light-absorption correction and absolute fluorophore concentrations. These results suggest that the technique potentially provides the means to quantify the fluorophore concentration from fluorescence images.
|
|
| 17. |
- Altuntas Vural, Ceren, et al.
(author)
-
International container shipping through the Covid-19 pandemic - Disruptions from a Swedish perspective
- 2024
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- At the onset of the pandemic in spring 2020, the Swedish shipping sector was first affected by border closures preventing passengers to use RoPax shipping and cruise ferries. There were some blank sailings but in general they kept operating to foster intra-European trade by trucks despite the missing revenues from passengers. Shipping in general was affected by port disruptions and complicated crew changes. Eventually, however, it was clear that the most dramatic disruptions on a global scale where experienced in the container segment. General media reported on delayed goods, high freight rates and, however not related to the pandemic, the Ever Given blocking the Suez Canal for a week in March 2021. Currently, there are few reports of supply chains and shipping suffering from disruptions and capacity constraints related to the pandemic. The peak in freight rates was rather replaced by depressed rates and there is a certain risk that some logisticians and supply chain managers regard the pandemic as a once-in-a-lifetime event and just want to get back to a previous behaviour seeing container shipping as a commodity with indefinite capacity at a reasonable price. Nevertheless, the war in Ukraine, the drought in the Panama Canal and the attacks by the Houthi rebels in the Red Sea create other problems for container shipping. Freight rates increase significantly, but from very low levels. The purpose of the report is to describe and analyse how international container shipping was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and other disruptions. The analysis takes a Swedish perspective on disruptions and tries to go beyond the anecdotal reporting and capture what happened and why. Container shipping is put into a context of economy, consumption, world trade, supply chains and logistics. The pandemic and more current events affecting container shipping market are described together with how shipping lines responded. A series of interviews with Swedish actors revealed how they perceived the disruptions and what countermeasures the actors have applied to mitigate the effects, their organisational learning and how they prepare for future disruptions.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Berggren, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Förord
- 2010
-
In: Samhällshistoria i fokus. En festskrift till Lars Olsson om arbete, migration och kultur. - 9789197898003 ; , s. 11-15
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Bhattacharya, Pradyot, et al.
(author)
-
Complement opsonization of HIV affects primary infection of human colorectal mucosa and subsequent activation of T cells
- 2020
-
In: eLIFE. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2050-084X. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV transmission via genital and colorectal mucosa are the most common routes of dissemination. Here, we explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complementopsonized virus. The mucosal transcriptional response at 24 hr revealed the involvement of activated T cells, which was mirrored in cellular responses observed at 96 hr in isolated mucosal T cells. Further, HIV exposure led to skewing of T cell phenotypes predominantly to inflammatory CD4+ T cells, that is Th17 and Th1Th17 subsets. Of note, HIV exposure created an environment that altered the CD8+ T cell phenotype, for example expression of regulatory factors, especially when the virions were opsonized with complement factors. Our findings suggest that HIV-opsonization alters the activation and signaling pathways in the colorectal mucosa, which promotes viral establishment by creating an environment that stimulates mucosal T cell activation and inflammatory Th cells.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
