| 1. |
- Bhowmick, Sourav, et al.
(author)
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Structurally Flexible Pyrrolidinium- and Morpholinium-based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
- 2023
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 25:29, s. 19815-19823
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ion transport measures and details as well as physico-chemical and electrochemical properties are presented for a small set of structurally flexible pyrrolidinium (Pyrr) and morpholinium (Morph) cation-based ionic liquids (ILs), all with oligoether phosphate-based anions. All have high thermal stabilities, low glass transition temperatures, and wide electrochemical stability windows, but rather moderate ionic conductivities, whereas both the anions and the cations of the Pyrr-based ILs diffuse faster than those of the Morph-based ILs. Overall the former ILs have significantly more promise as high-temperature supercapacitor electrolytes, rendering a specific capacitance of 164 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1, a power density of 241 W kg−1 and a specific energy density of 30 Wh kg−1 at 90 °C in a symmetric graphite supercapacitor.
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| 2. |
- Pandey, Sandeep, et al.
(author)
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Recent advances in carbon-based materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells: gaps, challenges and fulfillment
- 2023
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In: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Soc Chemistry. - 2516-0230. ; 5:6, s. 1492-1526
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presently, carbon-based nanomaterials have shown tremendous potential for energy conversion applications. Especially, carbon-based materials have emerged as excellent candidates for the fabrication of halide perovskite-based solar cells, which may lead to their commercialization. In the last decade, PSCs have rapidly developed, and these hybrid devices demonstrate a comparable performance to silicon-based solar cells in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, PSCs lag behind silicon-based solar cells due to their poor stability and durability. Generally, noble metals such gold and silver are employed as back electrode materials during the fabrication of PSCs. However, the use of these expensive rare metals is associated with some issues, urgently necessitating the search for cost-effective materials, which can realize the commercial applications of PSCs due to their interesting properties. Thus, the present review shows how carbon-based materials can become the main candidates for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs. Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, graphite, graphene nanosheets (2D/3D), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon nanosheets show potential for the laboratory and large-scale fabrication of solar cells and modules. Carbon-based PSCs can achieve efficient and long-term stability for both rigid and flexible substrates because of their high conductivity and excellent hydrophobicity, thus showing good results in comparison to metal electrode-based PSCs. Thus, the present review also demonstrates and discusses the latest state-of-the-art and recent advances for carbon-based PSCs. Furthermore, we present perspectives on the cost-effective synthesis of carbon-based materials for the broader view of the future sustainability of carbon-based PSCs.
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| 5. |
- Tatrari, Gaurav, et al.
(author)
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Charge storage performance of a structurally flexible hybrid ionic liquid electrolyte
- 2024
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In: Energy Storage. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2578-4862 .- 2578-4862.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemical and charge storage performance of a fluorine-free structurally flexible hybrid pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid electrolyte (HILE) in a symmetric graphite-based supercapacitor is thoroughly investigated. The HILE revealed thermal decomposition at above 230°C, a glass transition (Tg) temperature of below −70°C, and ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm−1 at 30°C. The chemical and electrochemical properties are investigated using a systematic variable temperature 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and diffusometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). The supercapacitor demonstrated a notable specific capacitance of 186 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and a specific capacitance of 122 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The maximum energy density of 48.8 Wh kg−1, a power density of 450 W kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and a potential window of 4 V were obtained. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the new HILE can be used in symmetric graphite-based supercapacitors over a wide potential window of 4 V and a temperature range from −20°C to 90°C.
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| 6. |
- Tatrari, Gaurav, et al.
(author)
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Coconut-husk Derived Graphene for Supercapacitor Applications: Comparative Analysis of Polymer Gel and Aqueous Electrolytes
- 2023
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In: Materials Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2633-5409. ; 4:15, s. 3310-3322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herein, we propose the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using coconut husk as a green and natural resource for supercapacitor (SCs) applications. The electrochemical performance of graphene sheets is studied over two different electrolytes, i.e., sulfuric acid (1M) and polymer-gel electrolyte. The polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide, and sulfuric acid-base polymer gel electrolyte are developed using a simple solvolysis approach. The developed polymer gel electrolyte membrane shows the fine pore structure, providing appropriate channels for the ionic transportation and charge transfer within materials, alternatively enhancing the overall performance of the device in comparison to commercial polyvinyl alcohol-base membranes and polyvinyl alcohol and acid-base membranes. This is accredited to lower resistance, higher ionic conductivity of the developed materials, and electrolytes within the supercapacitor device. The electrode with 1M H2SO4 exhibits outstanding performance with a decent equivalent resistance of 4.75 Ωcm-2 and specific capacitance (Cs) of 650 Fg-1 at 1 mVs-1. Conversely, the polymer gel-containing device shows an equivalent sheet resistance (ESR), of 8 Ωcm-2 and a high specific capacitance of 500 Fg-1 at 1 mVs-1. In 1M H2SO4, the device showed 88 % cycle stability after 4400 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 67.56 % and an energy density of 50.00 Whkg-1 with a very high-power density of 1000.00 Wkg-1 at 1 Ag-1. The polymer-gel electrolyte-containing device shows 99 % cyclic stability after 4400 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 70.27 % and an energy density of 36.11 Whkg-1 with a power density of 996.92 Wkg-1 at 1 Ag-1.
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| 7. |
- Tatrari, Gaurav, et al.
(author)
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Designed metal-organic framework composites for metal-ion batteries and metal-ion capacitors
- 2024
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In: Coordination chemistry reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0010-8545 .- 1873-3840. ; 512
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The utilization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in energy storage applications is constrained by their limited electrical conductivity and insufficient chemical robustness, posing various challenges and limitations. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated that MOF structures with exceptional porosity and adaptable architectures yield a wide range of composites, presenting promising prospects for improving their electrochemical performance in energy storage devices. When combined with other advanced materials, MOFs form composite structures overcoming these constraints by exhibiting superior electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity, and stability in comparison to pure MOFs. This article comprehensively overviews the designed chemistry of MOF-composites for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) and metal-ion capacitors (MICs). The synthesis and properties of various composites involving MOFs, including MOF-MXene, MOF-carbon nanomaterials (CNM)/graphene/carbon, MOF-transition metal oxide (TMO), MOF/polymers, MOF-derived layered double hydroxide (LDH), as well as the challenges and mitigation strategies have been discussed. A brief overview of MOF-composites as electrode materials for MIBs, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) is presented. The recent developments in MICs, such as lithium-ion capacitors (LICs), magnesium-ion capacitors (MGICs), zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs), sodium-ion capacitors (SICs), and potassium-ion capacitors (KICs) have also been included. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the MOF composites has been assessed using a range of metrics, including output voltage, capacity, cycle stability, energy density (ED), and power density (PD). A comprehensive analysis has also been conducted to identify potential obstacles and possible mitigations to explore future possibilities. Overall, a comprehension of MOF-based materials and potential approaches for enhancing the futuristic progression of MOF-composite materials for MIBs and MICs have been elucidated.
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| 8. |
- Tatrari, Gaurav, et al.
(author)
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Electrochemistry and Energy Storage Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives
- 2024
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In: Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene and Its Derivatives. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 217-239
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The energy demand cannot be fully accomplished as the rate of increasing worldwide population is larger than the production of energy. The increasing population also leads to the development of more electrical components, which need a lot of energy to store, so energy storing devices are the need of the hour. Batteries and supercapacitors are the main class of such energy storage devices. Graphene is a 2D nanomaterial suitable for energy storage devices as electrode material due to its remarkable properties like high theoretical specific surface area and high electrical conductivity. Still, scientific works are underway to optimize the synthesis and applicability of graphene and its derivative materials in energy storage systems. This chapter discusses graphene and its derivatives for supercapacitor applications. Further, the electrochemistry behind storing energy in storage devices is discussed. This in-depth examination of graphene-based materials for energy storage may help researchers better comprehend the advantages and the most promising outcomes of such materials.
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| 9. |
- Tatrari, Gaurav, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis, thermoelectric and energy storage performance of transition metal oxides composites
- 2024
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In: Coordination chemistry reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0010-8545 .- 1873-3840. ; 498
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to their intriguing electronic properties and structural composition, transition metal oxides (TMOs) such as AOx, AxOx, and AxB3-xOx; A, B = Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, etc., and their designed composites have tremendous potential in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors (SCs) and metal ion batteries (MIBs). Some outstanding properties of TMOs and their composites for applications as electrode materials in energy storage devices include their high conductivity, charge storage characteristics, doping potential, and composite forming propensity. The significant interactions of TMOs with heteroatoms, conductive polymers, and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) drastically change the reactive parameters and electrical characteristics. This review covers the most recent advances in TMO research and development, ranging from mechanism design to device performance, with a main focus on essentials such as design, synthesis, manufacturing, and energy-storing properties. The electrochemical pyrolysis, in-situ preparation, solvothermal/hydrothermal approach, and other critical approaches and their implications are also discussed. The synergetic improvement of designed TMO/graphene, TMO/rGO, TMO/heteroatoms, TMO/polymers, TMO/halide/hydride, TMO/Chalcogens through ionic interactions, and investigation of the electrode–electrolyte interfaces have been discussed in detail. In addition, the effect of electrolytes, surface behavior, and performance evaluation parameters on the SC device performance have been included. Furthermore, parameters and models, reliability design and profile lifetime, common mistakes in performance evaluation of SC, and other obstacles and mitigation have been described in depth. Altogether, a well-grasped overview and potential strategies extended from the overall analysis of electrode materials and electrolytes are offered to lift advancement in developing futuristic materials for energy storage applications.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Wang, Xin, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying and Decoupling Molecular Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Gold Electrodes
- 2024
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In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 40:23, s. 12017-12026
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work combined gold colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to accurately quantify the molecular interactions of fluorine-free phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with gold electrode surfaces. First, the interactions of ILs with the gold electrode per unit area (?′A?A′, N/m2) were obtained via the force–distance curves measured by gold probe AFM. Second, a QCM was employed to detect the IL amount to acquire the equilibrium number of IL molecules adsorbed onto the gold electrode per unit area (NIL, Num/m2). Finally, the quantified molecular interactions of ILs with the gold electrode (F0, nN/Num) were estimated. F0 is closely related to the IL composition, in which the IL with the same anion but a longer phosphonium cation exhibits a stronger molecular interaction. The changes in the quantified interactions of gold with different ILs are consistent with the interactions predicted by the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, and the van der Waals interaction was identified as the major contribution of the overall interaction. The quantified molecular interaction is expected to enable the direct experimental-derived interaction parameters for molecular simulations and provide the virtual design of novel ILs for energy storage applications.
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