| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(author)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Vogel, Jacob W., et al.
(author)
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Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer’s disease
- 2021
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In: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:5, s. 871-881
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the spread of tau pathology throughout the cerebral cortex. This spreading pattern was thought to be fairly consistent across individuals, although recent work has demonstrated substantial variability in the population with AD. Using tau-positron emission tomography scans from 1,612 individuals, we identified 4 distinct spatiotemporal trajectories of tau pathology, ranging in prevalence from 18 to 33%. We replicated previously described limbic-predominant and medial temporal lobe-sparing patterns, while also discovering posterior and lateral temporal patterns resembling atypical clinical variants of AD. These ‘subtypes’ were stable during longitudinal follow-up and were replicated in a separate sample using a different radiotracer. The subtypes presented with distinct demographic and cognitive profiles and differing longitudinal outcomes. Additionally, network diffusion models implied that pathology originates and spreads through distinct corticolimbic networks in the different subtypes. Together, our results suggest that variation in tau pathology is common and systematic, perhaps warranting a re-examination of the notion of ‘typical AD’ and a revisiting of tau pathological staging. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Adam, A, et al.
(author)
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Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016.
- 2017
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In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 14:Suppl 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(author)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 9. |
- Zhou, XP, et al.
(author)
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Non-coding variability at the APOE locus contributes to the Alzheimer's risk
- 2019
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 3310-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality in the elderly. While the coding change of APOE-ε4 is a key risk factor for late-onset AD and has been believed to be the only risk factor in the APOE locus, it does not fully explain the risk effect conferred by the locus. Here, we report the identification of AD causal variants in PVRL2 and APOC1 regions in proximity to APOE and define common risk haplotypes independent of APOE-ε4 coding change. These risk haplotypes are associated with changes of AD-related endophenotypes including cognitive performance, and altered expression of APOE and its nearby genes in the human brain and blood. High-throughput genome-wide chromosome conformation capture analysis further supports the roles of these risk haplotypes in modulating chromatin states and gene expression in the brain. Our findings provide compelling evidence for additional risk factors in the APOE locus that contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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| 10. |
- Goovaerts, I., et al.
(author)
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Galaxy main sequence and properties of low-mass Lyman-α emitters towards reionisation as viewed by VLT/MUSE and JWST/NIRCam
- 2024
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 683
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Faint, star-forming galaxies are likely to play a dominant role in cosmic reionisation. Great strides have been made in recent years to characterise these populations at high redshifts (z > 3). Now, for the first time, with JWST photometry beyond 1 μm in the rest frame, we can derive accurate stellar masses and position these galaxies on the galaxy main sequence.Aims. We seek to assess the place of 96 individual Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) selected behind the A2744 lensing cluster with MUSE IFU spectroscopy on the galaxy main sequence. We also compare the derived stellar masses to Lyman-α luminosities and equivalent widths to better quantify the relationship between the Lyman-α emission and the host galaxy.Methods. These 96 LAEs lie in the redshift range of 2.9 < z < 6.7, with their range of masses extending down to 106 M⊙ (over half with M⋆ < 108 M⊙). We used the JWST/NIRCam and HST photometric catalogues from the UNCOVER project, giving us excellent wavelength coverage from 450 nm to 4.5 μm. We also performed an SED fitting using CIGALE, fixing the redshift of the LAEs to the secure, spectroscopic value. This combination of photometric coverage with spectroscopic redshifts allows us to robustly derive stellar masses for these galaxies.Results. We found a main sequence relation for these low-mass LAEs of log SFR = (0.88 ± 0.07 − 0.030 ± 0.027 × t) log M⋆ − (6.31 ± 0.41 − 0.08 ± 0.37 × t). This is in relative agreement with the best-fit results of prior collated studies; however, here we see a steeper slope and a higher normalisation. This indicates that low-mass LAEs towards the epoch of reionisation lie above the typical literature main sequence relations derived at lower redshift and higher masses. In addition, by comparing our results to UV-selected samples, we can see that while low-mass LAEs lie above these typical main sequence relations, they are likely not singular in this respect at these particular masses and redshifts. While low-mass galaxies have been shown to play a significant role in cosmic reionisation, our results point to the likelihood that LAEs hold no special position in this regard.
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| 11. |
- Thai, T. T., et al.
(author)
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Probing the faint-end luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters at 3 < z < 7 behind 17 MUSE lensing clusters
- 2023
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 678
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. This paper presents a study of the galaxy Lyman-alpha luminosity function (LF) using a large sample of 17 lensing clusters observed by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). The magnification resulting from strong gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies and MUSE spectroscopic capabilities allows for blind detections of LAEs without any photometric pre-selection, reaching the faint luminosity regime.Aims. The present work aims to constrain the abundance of Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) and quantify their contribution to the total cosmic reionization budget.Methods. We selected 600 lensed LAEs behind these clusters in the redshift range of 2.9 < z < 6.7, covering four orders of magnitude in magnification-corrected Ly-α luminosity (39.0 < log(L)[erg s−1] < 43.0). These data were collected behind lensing clusters, indicating an increased complexity in the computation of the LF to properly account for magnification and dilution effects. We applied a non-parametric Vmax method to compute the LF to carefully determine the survey volume where an individual source could have been detected. The method used in this work follows the recipes originally developed in previous works, with some improvements to better account for the effects of lensing when computing the effective volume.Results. The total co-moving volume at 2.9 < z < 6.7 in the present survey is ∼50 103 Mpc3. Our LF points in the bright end (log(L) [erg s−1] > 42) are consistent with those obtained from blank field observations. In the faint luminosity regime, the density of sources is well described by a steep slope, α ∼ −2 for the global redshift range. Up to log(L) [erg s−1] ∼ 41, the steepening of the faint end slope with redshift, suggested in earlier works, is observed, but the uncertainties are still large. A significant flattening is observed towards the faintest end, for the highest redshift bins, namely, log(L)[erg s−1] < 41.Conclusions. When taken at face value, the steep slope at the faint-end causes the star formation rate density (SFRD) to dramatically increase with redshift, implying that LAEs could play a major role in the process of cosmic reionization. The flattening observed towards the faint end for the highest redshift bins still requires further investigation. This turnover is similar to the one observed for the UV LF at z ≥ 6 in lensing clusters, with the same conclusions regarding the reliability of current results. Improving the statistical significance of the sample in this low-luminosity high-redshift regime is a difficult endeavour that may lead to potentially valuable leads in understanding the process of reionization.
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| 12. |
- Goovaerts, I., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of the Lyman-α-emitting fraction and UV properties of lensed star-forming galaxies in the range 2.9 < z < 6.7
- 2023
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 678
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Faint galaxies are theorised to have played a major role, perhaps the dominant role, in reionising the Universe. Their properties, as well as the Lyman-α emitter (LAE) fraction, XLAE, could provide useful insights into this epoch.Aims. We used four clusters of galaxies from the Lensed Lyman-alpha MUSE Arcs Sample (LLAMAS) that also have deep HST photometry to select a population of intrinsically faint Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and LAEs. We study the interrelation between these two populations, their properties, and the fraction of LBGs that display Lyman-α emission.Methods. The use of lensing clusters allows us to access an intrinsically faint population of galaxies, the largest such sample collected for this purpose: 263 LAEs and 972 LBGs with redshifts between 2.9 and 6.7, Lyman-α luminosities in the range 39.5 ≲ log(LLyα)(erg s−1)≲42, and absolute UV magnitudes in the range −22 ≲ M1500 ≲ −12. In addition to matching LAEs and LBGs, we define an LAE+continuum sample for the LAEs that match with a continuum object that is not selected as an LBG. Additionally, with the use of MUSE integral field spectroscopy, we detect a population of LAEs completely undetected in the continuum.Results. We find a redshift evolution of XLAE in line with literature results, with diminished values above z = 6. In line with past studies, we take this as signifying an increasingly neutral intervening intergalactic medium. When inspecting this redshift evolution with different limits on EWLyα and M1500, we find that the XLAE for the UV-brighter half of our sample is higher than the XLAE for the UV-fainter half, a difference that increases at higher redshifts. This is a surprising result and can be interpreted as the presence of a population of low Lyman-α equivalent width (EWLyα), UV-bright galaxies situated in reionised bubbles and overdensities. This result is especially interesting in the context of similar, UV-bright, low EWLyα objects recently detected during and around the epoch of reionisation. For intrinsically fainter objects, we confirm the previously observed trend of LAEs among LBGs as galaxies with high star formation rates and low dust content, as well as the trend of the strongest LAEs having, in general, fainter M1500 and steeper UV slopes.
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| 13. |
- Koenig, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan : A cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis
- 2021
-
In: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986 .- 1540-5958. ; 58:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12–87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS—or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
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| 14. |
- Adamovic, T, et al.
(author)
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Association of a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene region with susceptibility to severe hypospadias in a Caucasian population
- 2013
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In: Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-5433. ; 7:4, s. 173-179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hypospadias is a congenital malformation and a milder form of 46,XY disorder of sexual development (DSD). In the present study, we investigated 13 haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the steroid-5-alpha reductase <i>(SRD5A2)</i> and androgen receptor<i>(AR) </i>gene region, respectively, in a cohort consisting of 260 individuals with mild hypospadias and 77 with severe disease, in addition to 471 healthy male controls. The investigated genes are known to have an important role in the hormone-dependent stage of sexual development. Our study revealed one novel marker located in the <i>AR </i>gene region (rs5919436; g.67024320C>G) to be significantly associated with an increased risk of severe hypospadias (adjusted p value: 0.02; odds ratio: 2.98). In concordance with this finding, we detected an association of a haplotype tagged by the minor allele of rs5919436 (adjusted p value: 0.04). We further detected no association between the investigated disease and the haplotype tagging polymorphisms covering the <i>SRD5A2</i> gene, which is of importance considering the conflicting results reported previously. In conclusion, our data implicate that the AR rs5919436 (g.67024320C>G) polymorphism may act as a novel genetic marker for increased susceptibility to severe hypospadias in Caucasians.
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| 15. |
- Adamovic, T, et al.
(author)
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The p.G146A and p.P125P polymorphisms in the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene do not affect the risk for hypospadias in Caucasians
- 2012
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In: Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-5433. ; 6:6, s. 292-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hypospadias is a frequent congenital malformation in boys and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the urethral folds. The steroidogenic factor-1 <i>(SF-1, NR5A1)</i> gene plays a key role in hypothalamic-pituitary-steroidogenic organ development, and has previously been reported to be mutated in individuals with 46,XY disorder of sex development. Here, we investigated the role of <i>SF-1</i> in hypospadias, a milder form of 46,XY disorder of sex development. We performed direct sequencing analysis of the <i>SF-1</i> gene in 2 male Caucasian twins exhibiting very severe hypospadias, and in 95 Caucasian boys with mild and severe hypospadias. We further extended the analysis by investigating 332 mild and severe hypospadias cases and 422 male controls using TaqMan assays. Our sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous p.R313H (c.938G>A) missense mutation in each twin, and no mutations in the 95 Caucasian cases. Instead, a missense p.G146A (c.437G>C), and a silent known p.P125P (c.375C>T) polymorphism, respectively, was found in several of the latter cases. Further investigation of the 2 polymorphisms in the larger material of cases and controls showed no significant genotypic or allelic association. In conclusion, the <i>SF-1</i> gene may not play a significant role in the development of hypospadias in Caucasians.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jia, X. M., et al.
(author)
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Investigating rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic exonic variation in bipolar disorder
- 2021
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In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:9, s. 5239-5250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness with substantial common variant heritability. However, the role of rare coding variation in BD is not well established. We examined the protein-coding (exonic) sequences of 3,987 unrelated individuals with BD and 5,322 controls of predominantly European ancestry across four cohorts from the Bipolar Sequencing Consortium (BSC). We assessed the burden of rare, protein-altering, single nucleotide variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) both exome-wide and within several groups of genes with phenotypic or biologic plausibility in BD. While we observed an increased burden of rare coding P-LP variants within 165 genes identified as BD GWAS regions in 3,987 BD cases (meta-analysis OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3-2.8, one-sided p = 6.0 x 10(-4)), this enrichment did not replicate in an additional 9,929 BD cases and 14,018 controls (OR = 0.9, one-side p = 0.70). Although BD shares common variant heritability with schizophrenia, in the BSC sample we did not observe a significant enrichment of P-LP variants in SCZ GWAS genes, in two classes of neuronal synaptic genes (RBFOX2 and FMRP) associated with SCZ or in loss-of-function intolerant genes. In this study, the largest analysis of exonic variation in BD, individuals with BD do not carry a replicable enrichment of rare P-LP variants across the exome or in any of several groups of genes with biologic plausibility. Moreover, despite a strong shared susceptibility between BD and SCZ through common genetic variation, we do not observe an association between BD risk and rare P-LP coding variants in genes known to modulate risk for SCZ.
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| 18. |
- Ly, Duy Nam, et al.
(author)
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360TourGuiding: Towards Virtual Reality Training for Tour Guiding
- 2022
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In: MobileHCI 2022 Adjunct - Publication of the 24th ACM International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tour guiding plays an important role in turning sightseeing tours into memorable experiences. Tour guides, especially inexperienced ones, must practice intensively to perfect their craft. It is key that guides acquire knowledge about sights, in-situ presentation skills, and perfection ability to interact with and engage tourists. Therefore, tour-guide education requires on-site training at the place of interest including live tourist audiences. However, for modest budgets, such setups are costly and tourism students have to practice tour guiding at home or in simulated class-room setups. It has become a challenge for students to adequately prepare themselves for jobs in terms of relevant knowledge and skills. To tackle this problem, we propose 360TourGuiding, a VR system enabling its users to practice tour guiding with 360 travel videos plus the attendance of remote audiences participating through their mobile and personal device. This paper reports on the concept, on our design, current implementation, and on a pilot study with the current 360TourGuiding prototype. Based on qualitative feedback gained through the pilot study, we discuss possible system improvements, future system updates, and plans for empirical evaluation.
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| 19. |
- Nguyen, Hue T., et al.
(author)
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Background release and potential point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to municipal wastewater treatment plants across Australia
- 2022
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In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 293
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be significant sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment. In this study, PFAS were measured in the influent of 76 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving approximately 53% of the Australian population. Of fourteen target PFAS, twelve analytes including six C5–C10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), four C4-10 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and two fluorotelomer sulfonates (6:2 and 8:2 FTS) were detected. Of these, PFOS, PFHxS and PFHxA had the highest median concentrations. The per capita background release of Σ12 PFAS to WWTP influent in Australia was estimated to be 8.1–24 μg/d/per person. The background release was supplemented by contributions from catchment specific point sources (i.e., industry, airports, military bases, and landfills), whereby the number of industrial sites positively correlated with the per capita mass load of Σ12 PFAS (r = 0.5–0.63, p < 0.01). The per capita mass loads were extrapolated to the entire Australian population, with estimates suggesting that approximately 1 kg/d of Σ12 PFAS reach WWTPs in Australia (300–400 kg annually), with more than half of the PFAS (∼59%) attributed to background release and the remaining (∼41%) to catchment specific point sources. These data provide insight into the release of major PFAS to wastewater at a national scale in Australia.
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| 20. |
- Tran, Minh Quan, et al.
(author)
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MPC-Based Coordinated Voltage Control in LV Distribution Systems: A Case Study in Chalmers Campus Network
- 2023
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In: Conference Proceedings - 2023 IEEE Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEE-AM 2023.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents detailed analysis results of a model predictive control (MPC)-based coordinated voltage control demonstrated in a real low voltage network, the Chalmers campus in Sweden. First, the modeling of the MPC is presented, and the state space mode is obtained by linearization of the power flow equation around the operation point. Thus, an updated voltage vector in the grid is calculated through the sensitivity gain corresponding to reactive power deviation in the grid. Second, the developed MPC model is integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) platform developed under the European FlexiGrid project. The state measurements in the Chalmers campus network are collected through the IoT platform as the input for the MPC model. Then, the optimal setpoints for distributed energy resources (DERs) are calculated and sent to DERs via the IoT platform. Lastly, onsite demonstration results are analyzed, showing the performance of the MPC-based voltage control in low-voltage distribution systems.
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| 21. |
- Tran, Minh Quan, et al.
(author)
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Self-adaptive Controllers for Renewable Energy Communities Based on Transformer Loading Estimation
- 2022
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In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2022 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC / I and CPS Europe 2022.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, self-adaptive controllers for renewable energy communities based on data-driven approach are proposed to mitigate the voltage rise and transformer congestion at the community level. In the proposed approach, the transformer loading percentage is estimated by the trained data-driven model, which uses the extreme gradient boosting regression algorithm based on a measurement set acquired from critical coupling points of the communities. To avoid voltage rise issues, the droop control parameters (i.e., voltage threshold for P - V, Q - V curves) are adaptively tuned based on the solar irradiance availability and estimated transformer loading. The proposed approach has been tested in the IEEE European LV distribution network. Results showed that the control approach could effectively reduce 22.2 % of the total overloaded instances, while still keeping voltage magnitude in the operation range. This method can help DSOs manage voltage violation and congestion without further communication.
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