| 1. |
- Kalman, Janos L, et al.
(author)
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Investigating polygenic burden in age at disease onset in bipolar disorder: Findings from an international multicentric study.
- 2019
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In: Bipolar disorders. - : Wiley. - 1399-5618 .- 1398-5647. ; 21:1, s. 68-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) with early disease onset is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and constitutes a clinically and biologically homogenous subgroup within the heterogeneous BD spectrum. Previous studies have found an accumulation of early age at onset (AAO) in BD families and have therefore hypothesized that there is a larger genetic contribution to the early-onset cases than to late onset BD. To investigate the genetic background of this subphenotype, we evaluated whether an increased polygenic burden of BD- and schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated risk variants is associated with an earlier AAO in BD patients.A total of 1995 BD type 1 patients from the Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse and Bonn-Mannheim samples were genotyped and their BD and SCZ polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated using the summary statistics of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a training data set. AAO was either separated into onset groups of clinical interest (childhood and adolescence [≤18years] vs adulthood [>18years]) or considered as a continuous measure. The associations between BD- and SCZ-PRSs and AAO were evaluated with regression models.BD- and SCZ-PRSs were not significantly associated with age at disease onset. Results remained the same when analyses were stratified by site of recruitment.The current study is the largest conducted so far to investigate the association between the cumulative BD and SCZ polygenic risk and AAO in BD patients. The reported negative results suggest that such a polygenic influence, if there is any, is not large, and highlight the importance of conducting further, larger scale studies to obtain more information on the genetic architecture of this clinically relevant phenotype.
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| 2. |
- Apweiler, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Approaching clinical proteomics : current state and future fields of application in cellular proteomics
- 2009
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In: Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology. - : Wiley. - 1552-4922. ; 75A:10, s. 816-832
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent developments in proteomics technology offer new opportunities for clinical applications in hospital or specialized laboratories including the identification of novel biomarkers, monitoring of disease, detecting adverse effects of drugs, and environmental hazards. Advanced spectrometry technologies and the development of new protein array formats have brought these analyses to a standard, which now has the potential to be used in clinical diagnostics. Besides standardization of methodologies and distribution of proteomic data into public databases, the nature of the human body fluid proteome with its high dynamic range in protein concentrations, its quantitation problems, and its extreme complexity present enormous challenges. Molecular cell biology (cytomics) with its link to proteomics is a new fast moving scientific field, which addresses functional cell analysis and bioinformatic approaches to search for novel cellular proteomic biomarkers or their release products into body fluids that provide better insight into the enormous biocomplexity of disease processes and are suitable for patient stratification, therapeutic monitoring, and prediction of prognosis. Experience from studies of in vitro diagnostics and especially in clinical chemistry showed that the majority of errors occurs in the preanalytical phase and the setup of the diagnostic strategy. This is also true for clinical proteomics where similar preanalytical variables such as inter- and intra-assay variability due to biological variations or proteolytical activities in the sample will most likely also influence the results of proteomics studies. However, before complex proteomic analysis can be introduced at a broader level into the clinic, standardization of the preanalytical phase including patient preparation, sample collection, sample preparation, sample storage, measurement, and data analysis is another issue which has to be improved. In this report, we discuss the recent advances and applications that fulfill the criteria for clinical proteomics with the focus on cellular proteomics (cytoproteomics) as related to preanalytical and analytical standardization and to quality control measures required for effective implementation of these technologies and analytes into routine laboratory testing to generate novel actionable health information. It will then be crucial to design and carry out clinical studies that can eventually identify novel clinical diagnostic strategies based on these techniques and validate their impact on clinical decision making.
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| 3. |
- Apweiler, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Approaching clinical proteomics : current state and future fields of application in fluid proteomics
- 2009
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In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 47:6, s. 724-744
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The field of clinical proteomics offers opportunities to identify new disease biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues. These biomarkers can be used in clinical applications for diagnosis, stratification of patients for specific treatment, or therapy monitoring. New protein array formats and improved spectrometry technologies have brought these analyses to a level with potential for use in clinical diagnostics. The nature of the human body fluid proteome with its large dynamic range of protein concentrations presents problems with quantitation. The extreme complexity of the proteome in body fluids presents enormous challenges and requires the establishment of standard operating procedures for handling of specimens, increasing sensitivity for detection and bioinformatical tools for distribution of proteomic data into the public domain. From studies of in vitro diagnostics, especially in clinical chemistry, it is evident that most errors occur in the preanalytical phase and during implementation of the diagnostic strategy. This is also true for clinical proteomics, and especially for fluid proteomics because of the multiple pretreatment processes. These processes include depletion of high-abundance proteins from plasma or enrichment processes for urine where biological variation or differences in proteolytic activities in the sample along with preanalytical variables such as inter- and intra-assay variability will likely influence the results of proteomics studies. However, before proteomic analysis can be introduced at a broader level into the clinical setting, standardization of the preanalytical phase including patient preparation, sample collection, sample preparation, sample storage, measurement and data analysis needs to be improved. In this review, we discuss the recent technological advances and applications that fulfil the criteria for clinical proteomics, with the focus on fluid proteomics. These advances relate to preanalytical factors, analytical standardization and quality-control measures required for effective implementation into routine laboratory testing in order to generate clinically useful information. With new disease biomarker candidates, it will be crucial to design and perform clinical studies that can identify novel diagnostic strategies based on these techniques, and to validate their impact on clinical decision-making.
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| 4. |
- Bernadó, Laura, et al.
(author)
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In-tunnel vehicular radio channel characterization
- 2011
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In: [Host publication title missing]. - 1550-2252. - 9781424483327
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedInside a tunnel, electromagnetic wave propagation differs strongly from the well understood "open-air" situation. The characterization of the tunnel environment is crucial for deploying vehicular communication systems. In this paper we evaluate vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) radio channel measurements inside a tunnel. We estimate the time-varying root mean square (rms) delay and Doppler spreads, as well as the excess delay and the maximum Doppler dispersion. The fading process in V2V communications is inherently non-stationary. Hence, we characterize the stationarity time, for which we can consider the fading process to be wide sense stationary. We show that the spreads, excess delay, and maximum Doppler dispersion are larger on average when both vehicles are inside the tunnel compared to the "open-air" situation. The temporal evolution of the stationarity time is highly influenced by the strength of time-varying multipath components and the distance between vehicles. Furthermore, we show the good fit of the rms delay and Doppler spreads to a lognormal distribution, as well as for the stationarity time. From our analysis we can conclude that the IEEE 802.11p standard will be robust towards inter-symbol and inter-carrier interference inside a tunnel.
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| 5. |
- Bernadó, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Multi-dimensional K-factor analysis for V2V radio channels in open sub-urban street crossings
- 2010
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In: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781424480173 ; , s. 58-63
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the small-scale fading statistics for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in a typical open sub-urban street crossing. The two cars approach the crossing from two different streets and the channel conditions vary from non line-of sight (NLOS) to line-of-sight (LOS). The small-scale fading of the first delay bin is Ricean distributed with a time-varying K-factor. The later delay bins are mostly Rayleigh distributed. The antenna arrays used for recording the multiple-input multiple-output channels are linear and consist of 4 elements with directional radiation patterns. We investigate the K-factor variation of the first delay bin in time, frequency, and space dimensions, where the measurement has a duration of 20 s, a bandwidth of 240 MHz, and 16 individual single-input single- output channels. We observe that the large/small K-factor values are not necessarily correlated with the received power. We show that the K-factor can not be assumed to be constant in any of the considered domains, not even in the frequency domain, as it has been always done for relative bandwidths up to 10%. The narrow- band K-factor for each frequency bin corroborates the need to consider its frequency variation. The antenna radiation patterns, and the illuminated objects by them at different time instances are the cause of these variations. We conclude that a multi- dimensional varying K-factor models the large-scale statistical behaviour more accurately than a constant K-factor.
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| 6. |
- Thiel, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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In-situ vehicular antenna integration and design aspects for vehicle-to-vehicle communications
- 2010
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In: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781424464319 ; , s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications aim to enhance driver safety and traffic efficiency by using the recently designated frequency bands in the 5.9 GHz range in Europe. Due to the time-frequency selective fading behavior of the vehicular communication channel, multi-antenna techniques can provide enhanced link conditions by means of diversity processing. This paper highlights the integration of a four-element (N =4) linear array antenna into the roof-top compartment of a vehicle to conduct Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) high-resolution mobile-to-mobile channel measurements.
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| 7. |
- Abbas, Taimoor, et al.
(author)
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Measurements Based Channel Characterization for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications at Merging Lanes on Highway
- 2013
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In: 2013 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, WiVeC 2013 - Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 9781467363396
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents results for vehicle-to-vehicle channel characterization based on measurements conducted for the merging lane scenarios on a highway. We present power delay profiles as well as channel gains and analyze important propagation mechanisms to see the impact of line-of-sight (LOS) and the antenna radiation pattern on the total received power. It is found that the absence of LOS and strong scattering objects, close to the point where the ramp merges with a highway, may result in poor received signal strength. The probability of dropping packets also increases where there is LOS between TX and RX but the antenna pattern is not omni-directional. A dip in the antenna pattern affects the received signal strength severely which poses a challenge for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in safety critical situations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abbas, Taimoor, et al.
(author)
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Validation of a Non-Line-of-Sight Path-Loss Model for V2V Communications at Street Intersections
- 2013
-
In: 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path-loss and fading model developed for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication at 5:9 GHz is validated with independent and realistic measurement data. The reference NLOS model is claimed to be flexible and of low complexity, and incorporates specific geometric aspects in a closed-form expression.We validated the accuracy of the model with the help of realistic channel measurements performed in selected street intersections in the city of Lund and Malm¨o, Sweden. The model fits well, with a few exceptions, to most of the measurements taken at different intersections which have variable geometry and scattering environment. It is found that the model can be made more general if an intersection dependent parameter, that depends on the property and number of available scatterers in that particular intersection, is included in the model.
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| 10. |
- Boraschi, Diana, et al.
(author)
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Immunity against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis during co-infections with neglected infectious diseases: recommendations for the European Union research priorities.
- 2008
-
In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2735. ; 2:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infectious diseases remain a major health and socioeconomic problem in many low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the three most devastating diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) have received most of the world's attention. However, in rural and impoverished urban areas, a number of infectious diseases remain neglected and cause massive suffering. It has been calculated that a group of 13 neglected infectious diseases affects over one billion people, corresponding to a sixth of the world's population. These diseases include infections with different types of worms and parasites, cholera, and sleeping sickness, and can cause significant mortality and severe disabilities in low-income countries. For most of these diseases, vaccines are either not available, poorly effective, or too expensive. Moreover, these neglected diseases often occur in individuals who are also affected by HIV/AIDS, malaria, or TB, making the problem even more serious and indicating that co-infections are the rule rather than the exception in many geographical areas. To address the importance of combating co-infections, scientists from 14 different countries in Africa and Europe met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on September 9-11, 2007. The message coming from these scientists is that the only possibility for winning the fight against infections in low-income countries is by studying, in the most global way possible, the complex interaction between different infections and conditions of malnourishment. The new scientific and technical tools of the post-genomic era can allow us to reach this goal. However, a concomitant effort in improving education and social conditions will be needed to make the scientific findings effective.
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| 11. |
- Fuchs, Boris, et al.
(author)
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High concentrations of lead (Pb) in blood and milk of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Scandinavia
- 2021
-
In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 287
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to lead (Pb) is a global health problem for both humans and wildlife. Despite a dramatic decline in human Pb exposure following restrictions of leaded gasoline and industry and thereby an overall reduction of Pb entering the environment, Pb exposure continues to be a problem for wildlife species. Literature on scavenging terrestrial mammals, including interactions between Pb exposure and life history, is however limited.We quantified Pb concentration in 153 blood samples from 110 free-ranging Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos), 1–25 years old, using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. We used generalized linear models to test effects of age, body mass, reproduction status and spatial distribution on the blood Pb concentrations of 56 female bears. We sampled 28 females together with 56 dependent cubs and paired their blood Pb concentrations. From 20 lactating females, we measured the Pb concentration in milk.The mean blood Pb concentration was 96.6 μg/L (range: 38.7.0–220.5 μg/L). Both the mean and range are well above established threshold concentrations for developmental neurotoxicity (12 μg/L), increased systolic blood pressure (36 μg/L) and prevalence of kidney disease in humans (15 μg/L). Lactating females had higher Pb blood concentrations compared to younger, non-lactating females. Blood Pb concentrations of dependent cubs were correlated with their mother's blood Pb concentration, which in turn was correlated with the Pb concentration in the milk.Life-long Pb exposure in Scandinavian brown bears may have adverse effects both on individual and population levels. The high blood Pb concentrations found in brown bears contrast the general reduction in environmental Pb contamination over the past decades in Scandinavia and more research is needed to identify the sources and pathways of Pb exposure in the brown bears.
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| 12. |
- Guery, Romain, et al.
(author)
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Clinical diversity and treatment results in tegumentary leishmaniasis : A European clinical report in 459 patients
- 2021
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In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 15:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is frequent in travellers and can involve oro-nasal mucosae. Clinical presentation impacts therapeutic management. Methodology Demographic and clinical data from 459 travellers infected in 47 different countries were collected by members of the European LeishMan consortium. The infecting Leishmania species was identified in 198 patients. Principal findings Compared to Old World CL, New World CL was more frequently ulcerative (75% vs 47%), larger (3 vs 2cm), less frequently facial (17% vs 38%) and less frequently associated with mucosal involvement (2.7% vs 5.3%). Patients with mucosal lesions were older (58 vs 30 years) and more frequently immunocompromised (37% vs 3.5%) compared to patients with only skin lesions. Young adults infected in Latin America with L. braziliensis or L. guyanensis complex typically had an ulcer of the lower limbs with mucosal involvement in 5.8% of cases. Typically, infections with L. major and L. tropica acquired in Africa or the Middle East were not associated with mucosal lesions, while infections with L. infantum, acquired in Southern Europe resulted in slowly evolving facial lesions with mucosal involvement in 22% of cases. Local or systemic treatments were used in patients with different clinical presentations but resulted in similarly high cure rates (89% vs 86%). Conclusion/Significance CL acquired in L. infantum-endemic European and Mediterranean areas displays unexpected high rates of mucosal involvement comparable to those of CL acquired in Latin America, especially in immunocompromised patients. When used as per recommendations, local therapy is associated with high cure rates.
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| 13. |
- Ilieva, S., et al.
(author)
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Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich Cd isotopes
- 2014
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 89:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The isotopes (122),(124),Cd-126 were studied in a "safe" Coulomb-excitation experiment at the radioactive ion-beam facility REX-ISOLDE at CERN. The reduced transition probabilities B(E2; 0(g. s)(vertical bar) -> 2(1)(+)) and limits for the quadrupole moments of the first 2(+) excited states in the three isotopes were determined. The onset of collectivity in the vicinity of the Z = 50 and N = 82 shell closures is discussed by comparison with shell model and beyond mean-field calculations.
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| 14. |
- Kern, Ralph, et al.
(author)
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Coulomb Excitation of Proton-rich N = 80 Isotones at HIE-ISOLDE
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 1555:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A projectile Coulomb-excitation experiment was performed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The radioactive 140Nd and 142Sm ions were post accelerated to the energy of 4.62 MeV/A and impinged on a 1.45 mg/cm2-thin 208Pb target. The γ rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL. The scattered charged particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector in forward direction. Experimental γ-ray intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Preliminary results for the reduced transition strength of the B(M1 23+ to 21+)=0.35(19) μN2 of 140Nd and a first estimation for 142Sm have been deduced using the Coulomb-excitation calculation software GOSIA. The 23+ states of 140Nd and 142Sm show indications of being the main fragment of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 21, ms+ state.
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| 15. |
- Kern, Ralph, et al.
(author)
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Search for Isovector Valence-Shell Excitations in 140Nd and 142Sm via Coulomb excitation reactions of radioactive ion beams
- 2018
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In: International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Related Topics (NSRT18). - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275. ; 194
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Projectile Coulomb excitation experiments were performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN with the radioactive ion beams of 140Nd and 142Sm. Ions with an energy of 4:62 MeV/A were impinging on a 1.45 mg/cm2 thick 208Pb target. The γ-rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL and scattered particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector. Experimental intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. A preliminary result of the B(M1; 2+ 3 → 2+ 1) of 140Nd and an upper limit for the case of 142Sm are revealing the main fragments of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 2+ 1;ms states.
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| 16. |
- Mhlekude, Baxolele, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins induces an NRF-2-mediated antiviral state that is subverted by SARS-CoV-2 infection
- 2023
-
In: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 19:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (iBETs), including JQ-1, have been suggested as potential prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, molecular mechanisms underlying JQ-1-mediated antiviral activity and its susceptibility to viral subversion remain incompletely understood. Pretreatment of cells with iBETs inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV, but not MERS-CoV. The antiviral activity manifested itself by reduced reporter expression of recombinant viruses, and reduced viral RNA quantities and infectious titers in the culture supernatant. While we confirmed JQ-1-mediated downregulation of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), multi-omics analysis addressing the chromatin accessibility, transcriptome and proteome uncovered induction of an antiviral nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2)-mediated cytoprotective response as an additional mechanism through which JQ-1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Pharmacological inhibition of NRF-2, and knockdown of NRF-2 and its target genes reduced JQ-1-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Serial passaging of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of JQ-1 resulted in predominance of ORF6-deficient variant, which exhibited resistance to JQ-1 and increased sensitivity to exogenously administered type I interferon (IFN-I), suggesting a minimised need for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6-mediated repression of IFN signalling in the presence of JQ-1. Importantly, JQ-1 exhibited a transient antiviral activity when administered prophylactically in human airway bronchial epithelial cells (hBAECs), which was gradually subverted by SARS-CoV-2, and no antiviral activity when administered therapeutically following an established infection. We propose that JQ-1 exerts pleiotropic effects that collectively induce an antiviral state in the host, which is ultimately nullified by SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising questions about the clinical suitability of the iBETs in the context of COVID-19.
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| 17. |
- Peric, Zoran, et al.
(author)
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Quartz OSL dating of late quaternary Chinese and Serbian loess : A cross Eurasian comparison of dust mass accumulation rates
- 2019
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In: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 502:Part A, s. 30-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reconstructing dust Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) from loess deposits is critical to understanding past atmospheric mineral dust activity and requires accurate independent age models from loess deposits across Europe and Asia. Previous correlations of loess in Europe and China have tended to focus on multi-millennial timescales, with no detailed examination of dust MAR at the two ends of the Eurasian loess belt on shorter, sub-orbital scales. Here we present a detailed quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology from the Serbian Titel Loess Plateau (Veliki Surduk loess core) and the Chinese Loess Plateau (Lingtai section). The luminescence ages pass internal tests and show consistent increases in age with depth, with no obvious major hiatuses. However, as reported before, it seems the quartz OSL technique is only capable of accurate age determination up to accrued doses of ca. 150 Gy (ca. 30–40 ka) due to approaching field saturation of the quartz OSL signal. Two age-depth models were used to reconstruct dust MARs, where one utilises OSL data solely and the other additionally makes assumptions about sedimentation rates. Although short-term fluctuations in MAR are model dependent, general MAR patterns between the two sites are very similar, with peak MAR occurring rather late in the last glacial (ca. 13–25 ka). This suggests that at least broad scale trends in dust activity within the last glacial period may be similar at a continental scale.
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| 18. |
- Schiele, Miriam A., et al.
(author)
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Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders : A meta-analysis
- 2021
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In: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 44, s. 105-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders. We investigated both categorical (symptom reduction of at least 50%) and dimensional outcomes from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Original data were obtained from ten independent samples (including three unpublished samples) with a total of 2,195 patients with primary anxiety disorder. No significant effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on categorical or dimensional outcomes at post and follow-up were detected. We conclude that current evidence does not support the hypothesis of 5-HTTLPR as a moderator of treatment outcome for CBT in anxiety disorders. Future research should address whether other factors such as long-term changes or epigenetic processes may explain further variance in these complex gene-environment interactions and molecular-genetic pathways that may confer behavioral change following psychotherapy.
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| 19. |
- Tarawneh, Hamed, et al.
(author)
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First commissioning results of phase i insertion devices at MAX IV Laboratory
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI 2018. - : Author(s). - 9780735417823 ; 2054
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An overview of the insertion devices (ID) activities at MAX IV Laboratory will be presented. This paper describes the current status of the MAX IV insertion devices and the first commissioning results of some of the first 12 IDs installed at the three accelerators in MAX IV laboratory. The IDs are two Elliptically Polarizing Undulators (EPU), two In-Vacuum Undulators (IVU) and one In-vacuum wiggler installed at 3 GeV ring, four EPUs and one planar undulator in the 1.5 GeV ring and 2 IVUs at the Short pulse facility installed at the 3 GeV Linear accelerator for spontaneous emission. The impact of the first commissioned IDs on the electron beam in terms of orbit distortion and machine optics and the correction schemes to reduce these effects are described. The comparison between collected spectra from few beamlines and estimated photon flux based on magnetic field measurement maps is presented.
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| 20. |
- Thiel, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Transferring Williamson's discriminating alignment to the analysis of environmental governance of social-ecological interdependence
- 2016
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In: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 128, s. 159-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Institutional fit is operationalized by transferring transaction costs economics (TCE) to the analysis of instances of social-ecological interdependence. We carefully spell out the differences with conventional TCE and outline analytical steps based on discriminating alignment that enable a TCE analysis of environmental governance of nature-related transactions. We illustrate the approach through the example of wildlife management in Germany. Here we find hierarchical governance (a prohibition) of killing of wolves embedded into a polycentric hybrid monitoring arrangement. In applying TCE to nature-related transactions, we argue that characteristics of nature-related transactions can be subsumed under the core categories of jointness, uncertainty, asset specificity, frequency, rivalry, excludability and social-relational distance. Benefits of this approach include its generating a narrow list of descriptors of instances of biophysically mediated interdependence related to one evaluation criterion: cost-effectiveness. The TCE of nature-related transactions thus identifies sets of stylized contextual factors and aspects related to the governance of hazards of ex-post opportunistic behavior that cut across scales. They can be used as composite descriptors that facilitate analysis of complex multi-scalar arrangements of natural resource governance. We propose the concept of 'governance challenge', derived from TCE, as being useful for building research on environmental governance.
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| 21. |
- Thiel Gylling, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance of muscle strenght following a one-year resistance training program in older adults
- 2020
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In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Muscle mass, strength and function declines with advancing age. Strength training (ST) improves these parameters in older adults, but the gains often disappear after completion of a short-term intervention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle mass, -strength and -function one year after the com-pletion of a successful long-term (12 months) supervised ST program in older adults.Method: Men and women (n = 419, age: 62–70 years) completed one year of supervised heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 143) or moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 144) and were compared to a non- exercising control group (CON, n = 132). At 1-year follow-up, 398 participants returned for measurements of muscle power, -strength and -mass, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/ mental well-being. The results were compared to pre-training (baseline) and post-training (1-year) values. Further, the participants from the two previous training groups (HRT + MIT, n = 265) were divided into 1) those who on their own continued the ST program (> 9 months) the year after completion of the supervised ST program (CONTIN, n = 65) and 2) those who stopped during the follow-up year (< 9 months) (STOP, n = 200).Results: Out of all the improvements obtained after the 1-year training intervention, only knee extensor muscle strength in HRT was preserved at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.0001), where muscle strength was 7% higher than baseline. Additionally, the decrease in muscle strength over the second year was lower in CONTIN than in STOP with decreases of 1% and 6%, respectively (p < 0.05). Only in CONTIN was the muscle strength still higher at 1- year follow-up compared with baseline with a 14% increase (p < 0.0001). The heavy strength training induced increase in whole-body lean mass was erased at 1-year follow-up. However, there was a tendency for main-tenance of the cross-sectional area of m. vastus lateralis from baseline to 1-year follow-up in HRT compared with CON (p = 0.06). Waist circumference decreased further over the second year in CONTIN, whereas it increased in STOP (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Even though long-term strength training effectively improved muscle function and other health parameters in older adults, only knee extensor muscle strength was preserved one year after completion of heavy (but not moderate intensity) resistance training. Continuation of strength training resulted in better maintenance of muscle strength and health, which indicates that it is required to continue with physical activity to benefit from the long-term effects of strength training upon muscle function and health in older men and women.
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| 22. |
- Weimann, L., et al.
(author)
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Carbonaceous matter in ∼ 3.5 Ga black bedded barite from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia) – Insights into organic cycling on the juvenile Earth
- 2024
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In: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbonaceous matter (CM) in Archean rocks represents a valuable archive for the reconstruction of early life. Here we investigate the nature of CM preserved in ∼ 3.5 Ga old black bedded barites from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Carton, Western Australia). Using light microscopy and high-resolution Raman mapping, three populations of CM were recognized: (i) CM at the edges of single growth bands of barite crystals (most frequent), (ii) CM within the barite matrix, and (iii) CM in 50–300 µm wide secondary quartz veins that cross-cut the black bedded barite. Raman spectra of CM inside black bedded barite indicated peak metamorphic temperatures of ∼ 350 °C, consistent with those reached during the main metamorphic event in the area ∼ 3.3 Ga ago. By contrast, CM in quartz veins yielded much lower temperatures of ∼ 220 °C, suggesting that quartz-vein associated CM entered the barite after 3.3 Ga. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed a highly aromatic nature of the CM with a lower aliphatic content, which is in line with the relatively elevated thermal maturity. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) did not yield any hydrocarbons detectable with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) based δ13C values of individual CM particles ranged from − 33.4 ± 1.2 ‰ to − 16.5 ± 0.6 ‰ and are thus in accordance with a biogenic origin, which is also consistent with stromatolitic microbialites associated with the black bedded barite. Based on these results we conclude that CM at growth bands and inside the barite matrix is syngenetic and only the CM inside quartz veins, which represents a minor portion of the total CM, is a later addition to the system. Furthermore, we discuss different pathways for the input of CM into the barite-forming environment, including the cycling of biological organic material within the hydrothermal system.
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- Weimann, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Insights Into Carbonaceous Matter in ∼3.5 Ga Hydrothermal Barites from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Australia)
- 2023
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In: IMOG 2023.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of life on the juvenile Earth is still poorly understood and remains one of the major questions in geobiological research. Some of our planet´s most ancient rocks contain carbonaceous matter (CM) that may represent a valuable archive to trace earliest life.However, it is often difficult to prove the origin and syngeneity of such CM. Here we report on CM preserved in ∼3.5 Ga old barites from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Carton, Western Australia). On outcrop scale, spatial associations between bedded and vein-hosted barites suggest that the bedded barite may have formed from hydrothermal fluids discharging into subaquatic caldera environments [1]. Bedded barites associated with stromatolites contain abundant CM (total organic carbon = 0.3 wt% [2]) whose nature has been investigated further. Three populations of CM were recognized by means of light microscopy and high-resolution Raman mapping: (i) CM flakes at the edges of single growth bands of barite crystals, (ii) CM dispersed within barite crystals, and (iii) CM in 50–300 µm wide secondary quartz veins that cross-cut barite crystals. Raman spectra of the CM indicate peak metamorphic temperatures of approximately 300 ± 50 °C, corresponding to lower greenschist-facies conditions which are consistent with the metamorphic overprint by granitic intrusions in the area ∼3.3 Ga ago [3]. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements revealed a highly aromatic nature of the CM which is in line with relatively high thermal maturity. As all three CM populations experienced the major metamorphic overprint ∼3.3 Ga ago, a syngenetic formation of the CM with the host barite can be assumed or, in case of the vein-hosted secondary CM, an emplacement soon after barite growth.
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