| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Dextran- versus crystalloid-based prime in cardiac surgery: A prospective randomized pilot study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 110:5, s. 1541-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimum priming fluid for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is still debated. We compared a new hyperoncotic priming solution containing dextran 40, which has an electrolyte composition that mimics extracellular fluid, with a standard crystalloid-based prime.Eighty cardiac surgery patients were included in this double-blind randomized single-centre study. The patients were randomized to either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime containing Ringer acetate and mannitol. The primary endpoint was colloid oncotic pressure (COP) in serum during CPB. Secondary endpoints included fluid balance, bleeding and transfusion requirements, pulmonary function, hemolysis, systemic inflammation, and markers of renal, hepatic, myocardial, and brain injury. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after CPB.COP was higher in the dextran group than in the crystalloid prime group on CPB (18.8±2.9 vs. 16.4±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001) and 10 min after CPB (19.2±2.7 vs. 16.8±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001). Patients in the dextran group required less intravenous fluid during CPB (1090±499 vs. 1437±543 ml; p=0.003) and net fluid balance was less positive 12h after surgery (+1,431±741 vs. +1,901±922 ml; p=0.014). Plasma free hemoglobin was significantly lower in the dextran group 2h after CPB (0.18±0.11 vs 0.41±0.33, p=0.001). There were no significant differences in bleeding, transfusion requirements, organ function, systemic inflammation, or brain and myocardial injury markers between the groups at any time point.Our results suggest that a hyperoncotic dextran-based priming solution preserves intraoperative COP compared to crystalloid prime. Larger studies with clinically valid endpoints are necessary to evaluate hyperoncotic prime solutions further.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dahlin, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of physical exercise and stress on hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult Wistar rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 408, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly recognized that physical exercise positively affects several CNS regions and improves cognitive abilities. For example, exercise is associated with an increase in neurogenesis and facilitation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conversely, animal models for depression are associated with a decrease in neurogenesis and a reduction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Although exercise could be a viable option in the treatment of some forms of depression, the mechanisms responsible for such improvements have not been elucidated. In this study, we examine hippocampal function using electrophysiological field recordings in CA1 and dentate gyrus to study baseline synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult rats prenatally exposed to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. One group of animals was allowed to run voluntarily for 10 or 21 days using an exercise wheel before the experiments, and the control group was prevented from running (i.e. the exercise wheel was locked). In adult saline-exposed animals, exercise was associated with increased long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. Unexpectedly, in dexamethasone-exposed animals, dentate gyrus long-term potentiation was facilitated, whereas long-term potentiation in CA1 was unaffected by prenatal dexamethasone or by 10 or 21 days of voluntary running. Irrespective of age, prenatal dexamethasone and running had limited effects on synaptic transmission and presynaptic release in CA1 and dentate gyrus. In summary, running facilitates dentate gyrus long-term potentiation in adult animals that resembles the effects of prenatal dexamethasone. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Ylva, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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En studie om att leda digitala transformationer i komplexa verksamheter : Institutionella normer, fysiska rum och digitala verktyg
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport sammanfattar forskningsprojektet “Att leda digital transformation av fysiska rum” som genomförts av forskare vid Uppsala universitet i samverkan med tre partnerorganisationer: Uppsala stadsteater, Svenska Kyrkan, och en nordeuropeisk finanskoncern med huvudkontor i Sverige; projektet samfinansierades av Vinnova under åren 2019-2020. Projektets syfte var att utveckla kunskap om, och verktyg för förståelse av, hur det fysiska rummet och dess digitalisering påverkar interaktionen mellan aktörer bland annat med avseende på kommunikation, tillit och legitimitet. Projektet har genomförts som en komparativ studie av dessa tre tämligen skilda organisationer, som kommit olika långt i relation till digital transformation av deras respektive verksamheter. Forskarna har genomfört intervjuer och observationer på de tre partnerorganisationerna samt gemensamma och organisations-överskridande diskussioner och analyser vid ett flertal workshoppar, där såväl forskare som representanter från partnerorganisationerna deltagit. Rapporten presenterar resultat i form av beskrivningar av specifika situationer i respektive partnerorganisation med betoning på digitaliseringsprocesser med direkt inverkan på det fysiska rummet och de utmaningar som detta leder till. Vidare presenteras analyser och insikter i relation till utmaningarna som digitaliseringen kan ge upphov till och generella, normativa rekommendationer för att vägleda organisationer genom digitala transformationsprocesser. I analysen har framför allt institutionella logiker tillämpats som teoretiskt perspektiv. Studien påvisar betydelsen som de fysiska platserna (t.ex. kontor, scen) utgör för skilda verksamheter, och att användningen av digitala verktyg med syfte att eliminera användningen av fysiska platser kan ge upphov till oförutsedda konsekvenser.
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| 9. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bone Mineral Density, Bone Markers, and Fractures in Adult Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 1479-683X. ; 168, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine bone mineral density (BMD), markers of bone metabolism, fractures, and steroids reflecting hormonal control in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). SUBJECTS, METHODS AND DESIGN: We compared CAH males with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (n=30), 19-67 years old, with age- and sex-matched controls (n=32). Subgroups of CYP21A2 genotypes, age, glucocorticoid preparation, poor control versus overtreatment, and early versus late (>36 months) diagnosis were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and markers of bone metabolism and androgens/17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were investigated. RESULTS: All, including older (>30 yrs), CAH patients had lower BMD in all measured sites compared to control subjects. The null group demonstrated lower BMD in more locations than the other groups. Osteoporosis/osteopenia was present in 81% of CAH patients compared to 32% in controls (≥30 yrs). Fracture frequency was similar, osteocalcin lower, and fewer patients than controls had vitamin D insufficiency. IGF-I was elevated in the milder genotypes. In patients, total body BMD was positively correlated to weight, BMI, total lean body mass, triglycerides, and negatively to prolactin. Patients on prednisolone had lower BMD and osteocalcin levels than those on hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate. Patients with poor control had higher femoral neck BMD. There were no differences in BMD between patients with an early versus late diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: CAH males have low BMD and bone formation markers. BMD should be monitored, adequate prophylaxis and treatment established, and glucocorticoid doses optimized to minimize the risk of future fractures.
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| 10. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular risk, Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in Adult Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 164:1, s. 285-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Life-long glucocorticoid therapy in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or the disease per se may result in increased cardiovascular risk. We therefore investigated cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles in adult CAH males. Subjects and Methods: We compared CAH males (n=30), 19-67 years old, with age- and sex-matched controls (n=32). Subgroups of different ages (<30 years or older) and CYP21A2 genotypes (null, I2splice and I172N as the mildest mutation) were studied. Anthropometry, fat and lean mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lipids, liver function tests, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), urine albumin, adrenal hormones, and 24h ambulatory blood pressure measurements were studied. Results: CAH males were shorter. Waist/hip ratio and fat mass were higher in older patients and the I172N group. Heart rate was faster in older patients, the I2splice, and I172N groups. Insulin levels were increased during OGTT in all patients and in the I172N group. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was increased in older patients and in the I172N group. Testosterone was lower in older patients. Homocysteine was lower in younger patients which may be cardioprotective. The cardiovascular risk seemed higher with hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate compared to prednisolone. Urinary epinephrine was lower in all groups of patients except in I172N. Conclusions: Indications of increased risk were found in CAH males ≥30 years old and in the I172N group. In contrast, younger CAH males did not differ from age-matched controls. This is likely to reflect a better management in recent years.
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| 11. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Fertility, Sexuality and Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in Adult Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 166, s. 441-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Fertility in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is reported from normal to severely impaired. We therefore investigated fertility/fecundity, social/sexual situation, and pituitary- gonadal function in CAH males.Subjects and methods: The patient cohort comprised 30 males with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 19-67 yr. Their fertility was compared with age-matched national population data. For the evaluation of social/sexual factors and hormone status, age-matched controls were recruited (n=32). Subgroups of different ages (<30 years and older) and CYP21A2 genotypes: null (severe salt wasting), I2splice (milder salt wasting), and I172N (simple virilizing) were also studied. Patients underwent testicular ultrasound examination (n=21), and semen analysis (n=14).Results: Fertility was impaired in CAH males compared to national data (0.9±1.3 vs. 1.8±0.5 children/father, P<0.001). There were no major differences in social and sexual factors between patients and controls apart from more fecundity problems, particularly in the I172N group. The patients had lower testosterone/estradiol ratio and inhibin B, and higher FSH. The semen samples were pathological in 43% (6/14) of patients and sperm concentration correlated with inhibin B and FSH. Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) were found in 86% (18/21). Functional testicular volume correlated positively with the testosterone/estradiol ratio, sperm concentration and inhibin B. Patients with pathological semen had increased fat mass and indications of increased cardiometabolic risk.Conclusions: Fertility/fecundity was impaired in CAH males. The frequent occurrence of TARTs resulting in testicular insufficiency appears to be the major cause, but other factors such as elevated fat mass may contribute to a low semen quality.
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| 12. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Increased liver enzymes in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Endocrine journal. - 1348-4540. ; 56:4, s. 601-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims were assessing liver function tests (LFT) in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) on glucocorticoids. Sixty-one women with genetically verified CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, aged 18-63 years were compared to 61 controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), anthropometry and fat mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. ALT and GGT were higher in the entire patient group (p=0.01 and 0.002); AST, GGT and ALP in patients > or =30 years (p=0.007-0.045); all LFT in salt-wasting (p<0.001-0.042); GGT in simple virilizing (p=0.008); ALT, GGT and ALP in Null/Null genotype (p=0.018-0.040); ALT and GGT in I2splice genotype (p<0.001 and 0.011). Using a recently proposed cut-off level for ALT (>0.317 microkat/L), 54% of patients vs 23% of controls had elevated levels (p=0.028). In patients, GGT and ALP correlated with waist circumference and with total body and trunk fat (r=0.274-0.406, p=0.001-0.043). However, ALT, GGT and ALP were increased even in non-obese patients (waist circumference < or =88 cm and body mass index <30 kg/m(2)) (p=0.012-0.045) mainly attributed to the patients > or =30 years who also demonstrated elevated insulin levels and HOMA-indices. In conclusion, compared with controls, women with CAH have higher LFT, in particular patients > or =30 years and those with severe forms, probably reflecting a higher lifetime glucocorticoid exposure. LFT were positively correlated to measurements of body fat. These women might have increased frequency of NAFLD. The finding of higher LFT also in non-obese patients suggests that not only central obesity but also glucocorticoids per se may influence.
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| 13. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic profile and body composition in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:1, s. 110-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The chronic, often supraphysiological glucocorticoid doses used in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) might increase morbidity in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in CAH women. SUBJECTS, METHODS, AND DESIGN: We compared 61 women, 18-63 yr, with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency with 61 age- and sex- matched controls. Twenty-seven were younger than 30 yr, and 34 were 30 yr or older. Anthropometry, fat and lean mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, serum lipids, insulin, and adrenocortical steroids were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Younger patients and controls had similar waist to hip ratio, lean and fat mass, and insulin. Older patients had higher waist to hip ratio, lean mass, and insulin than controls. Fat mass was similar to controls but higher than in younger patients. Lipid profiles were slightly more favorable in older patients than controls. Gestational diabetes was more common in patients (21% of pregnancies vs. 0, P < 0.026). Few older patients had hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Despite moderate glucocorticoid doses, most patients had suppressed androgens. CONCLUSIONS: No clear evidence of unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors were found. Increased fat mass and higher insulin levels were, however, found in patients older than 30 yr. High frequency of gestational diabetes is a risk marker for future diabetes. Lifelong follow-up, lifestyle modifications, and attempts to adjust and reduce the glucocorticoid doses seem important.
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| 14. |
- Falhammar, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life, social situation, and sexual satisfaction, in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0100 .- 1355-008X. ; 47:1, s. 299-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine quality of life (QoL) in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). CAH males with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (n = 30), 19-67 years old, were compared with controls (n = 32). QoL was assessed using questionnaires on general living conditions and sexual issues, and the psychological well-being index (PGWB) form. Fewer CAH males than controls were students (3 vs. 25 %, P = 0.028) and more had blue-collar work (57 vs. 33 %, P = 0.023). Patients were less interested in sports (47 vs. 72 %, P = 0.034) and art/literature/film (10 vs. 47 %, P = 0.004). PGWB total score was 82.7 ± 13.7 versus 87.0 ± 11.1 (P = NS), but hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate treated scored lower than controls and prednisolone treated. Glucocorticoid over-treated had lower QoL than those with poor control (PGWB total score 77.1 ± 13.5 vs. 92.4 ± 11.1, P = 0.026) and controls (P = 0.025). Total PGWB score was positively correlated with adrenal androgens and steroid precursors. Subscale scores indicated that patients with late diagnosis were more depressive (12.1 ± 2.8 vs. 13.9 ± 1.4, P = 0.011) and had a lower self-control (11.3 ± 3.6 vs. 13.1 ± 1.0, P = 0.019) compared with controls. Sexual satisfaction was similar in spite of more patients being sexually inactive (27 vs. 6 %, P = 0.040). Adult CAH males differed from controls with respect to type of occupation and spare time interests but had similar QoL despite being less sexually active. Optimizing glucocorticoid therapy might further improve QoL. Some disadvantages found in patients diagnosed late will hopefully not be seen in patients diagnosed by neonatal screening, but this has yet to be studied.
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| 15. |
- Frisén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Gender role behavior, sexuality, and psychosocial adaptation in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 deficiency
- 2009
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Ingår i: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - : The Endocrine Society. ; 94:9, s. 3432-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Gender-atypical behavior has been described in young girls as well as in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to a CYP21A2 deficiency. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess health-related, psychosexual, and psychosocial parameters and correlate the results to CYP21A2 genotype. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-two Swedish women with CAH and age-matched controls completed a 120-item questionnaire and a validated quality of life instrument [psychological general well-being (PGWB) formula] to identify psychosexual and psychosocial parameters. The patients were divided into four CYP21A2 genotype groups. RESULTS: The women with CAH held more male-dominant occupations (30%) compared to controls (13%) (P = 0.04), especially those in the null genotype group (55%) (P = 0.006). They also reported a greater interest in rough sports (74%) compared to controls (50%) (P = 0.007). Eight women with CAH (14%) reported a prime interest in motor vehicles, compared to none of the controls (P = 0.002). Non-heterosexual orientation was reported by 19% of women with CAH (P = 0.005), 50% in the null genotype group (P = 0.0001), 30% in I2 splice (NS), and 5% in I172N (NS). PGWB total score did not differ between patients and controls. CONCLUSION: We identified increased gender-atypical behavior in women with CAH that could be correlated to the CYP21A2 genotype. This speaks in favor of dose-dependent effects of prenatal androgens on the development of higher brain functions. The impact of the disease on upbringing and interpersonal relationships did not correlate with disease severity, indicating that other factors, such as coping strategies, are important for psychosocial adaptation. This illustrates the need for psychological support to parents and patients.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Groop, Per-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin over 52 weeks in individuals with type 1 diabetes : post-hoc renal analysis of the DEPICT randomised controlled trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 8:10, s. 845-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The DEPICT-1 and DEPICT-2 studies showed that dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin in individuals with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes improved glycaemic control and bodyweight, without increase in risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to determine the effect of dapagliflozin on urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using pooled data from the DEPICT studies.Methods: In this post-hoc analysis, we used data pooled from both DEPICT studies (DEPICT-1 ran from Nov 11, 2014, to Aug 25, 2017; DEPICT-2 ran from July 8, 2015, to April 18, 2018), in which participants were aged 18-75 years, with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes and with a baseline UACR of at least 30 mg/g. In the DEPICT studies, participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive dapagliflozin (5 mg or 10 mg) or placebo all plus insulin, for 24 weeks, with a 28-week long-term extension (ie, 52 weeks in total). In this post-hoc analysis, we assessed the percentage change from baseline in UACR and in eGFR, up to 52 weeks. UACR, eGFR, and safety were assessed in all eligible participants who had received at least one dose of study drug. HbA 1c, bodyweight, and systolic blood pressure were assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug during the first 24-week period, and who had a baseline and any post-baseline assessment for that parameter. The DEPICT trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02268214 (DEPICT-1), NCT02460978 (DEPICT-2), and are now complete.Results: 251 participants with albuminuria at baseline were included in this post-hoc analysis; of whom 80 (32%) had been randomly assigned to dapagliflozin 5 mg, 84 (33%) to dapagliflozin 10 mg, and 87 (35%) to placebo. Compared with placebo, treatment with both dapagliflozin doses improved UACR over 52 weeks. At week 52, mean difference in change from baseline versus placebo in UACR was -13.3% (95% CI -37.2 to 19.8) for dapagliflozin 5 mg and -31.1% (-49.9 to -5.2) for dapagliflozin 10 mg. No notable change from baseline was seen in eGFR, with a mean difference in change from baseline versus placebo of 3.27 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (95% CI -0.92 to 7.45) for dapagliflozin 5 mg and 2.12 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (-2.03 to 6.27) for dapagliflozin 10 mg. Similar proportions of participants in each treatment group had adverse events and serious adverse events, including hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; no new safety signals were identified in this population.Interpretation: Treatment with dapagliflozin resulted in UACR reduction, which might provide renoprotective benefits in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria. Dedicated prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings as prespecified endpoints.
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| 18. |
- Gunnarsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Comagotchi - a social toy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Reprints from the PCC Summer School.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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De värsta konsekvenserna av Babet ligger framför oss
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debattartikel om kustskydd och brister i framförhållningen inför kommande stormar under Aktuella frågor i Sydsvenskan.
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| 20. |
- Himes, Austin, et al.
(författare)
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Why nature matters : A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values
- 2024
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 74:1, s. 25-43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct future research.
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| 21. |
- Kause, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence levels and likelihood terms in IPCC reports : a survey of experts from different scientific disciplines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inform policymakers and the public about the state of scientific evidence and related uncertainties. We studied how experts from different scientific disciplines who were authors of IPCC reports, interpret the uncertainty language recommended in the Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. This IPCC guidance note discusses how to use confidence levels to describe the quality of evidence and scientific agreement, as well likelihood terms to describe the probability intervals associated with climate variables. We find that (1) physical science experts were more familiar with the IPCC guidance note than other experts, and they followed it more often; (2) experts’ confidence levels increased more with perceptions of evidence than with agreement; (3) experts’ estimated probability intervals for climate variables were wider when likelihood terms were presented with “medium confidence” rather than with “high confidence” and when seen in context of IPCC sentences rather than out of context, and were only partly in agreement with the IPCC guidance note. Our findings inform recommendations for communications about scientific evidence, assessments, and related uncertainties.
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| 22. |
- Larson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Putting ’fika’ at the top of the agenda – Research and industrial opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Presented at Stockholm Gastronomy Conference, Tore Wretman Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, November 23-25, 2023. - Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Fika’, the Swedish definition of a causal break, the coffee or tea with pastries and the inclusive meeting point for friends, relatives, colleagues, or business partners signify a central part of everyday life in Sweden. Fika takes many different forms – most of us have fika multiple times a day. The practice of doing fika reaches well beyond the food and beverage consumption that may be what comes first to mind. Relationships are formed, personal and business decisions are made, all in the context of a relaxed atmosphere – the basic intention with fika.The idea of fika has reached beyond the Swedish borders. It has become an increasingly known cultural concept in other countries. Therefore, fika is often used by Swedish companies not only to consider the positive work atmosphere but also in their branding efforts. Fika is also used in destination marketing to attract tourists. We can therefore talk about fika from a social, tourism, and business point of view, and the culinary aspects seem almost endless. Yet there is surprisingly little about fika from a research point of view. We believe that fika has a vast potential to create more positive values and industrial opportunities than it currently does but to achieve that we need more knowledge about fika.How can research facilitate industrial opportunities? This question sets the agenda for what we want to explore. How does interdisciplinary research enhance knowledge of fika in such a way that it can lead to positive spin-offs for the industry? A consortium of researchers from different fields, together with representatives from the industry, are currently aiming to explore these questions.
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| 23. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A philosophical view on concepts in psychiatry
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 33, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay first outlines a philosophical theory of concepts and then applies it to two areas of relevance to psychiatrists, especially forensic psychiatrists. In the philosophical theory, the respective roles of verbal and non-verbal definitions are illuminated, and the importance of the phenomenon of division of semantic labour is stressed. It is pointed out that vagueness and ambiguity of a term often result when the term is used for several practical purposes at the same time. Such multi-purpose uses of terms may explain both the current problems associated with the Swedish forensic–psychiatric concept of a severe mental disorder and some of the shortcomings of DSM-IV.
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| 24. |
- Nagatsu, Michiru, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability science as a management science : Beyond the natural-social divide
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Global epistemologies and philosophies of science. - London : Routledge. - 9780367461379
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we argue that to understand the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary dialectics in sustainability science, it is useful to see sustainability science as a kind of management science, and then to highlight the hard–soft distinction in systems thinking. First, we argue that the commonly made natural–social science dichotomy is relatively unimportant and unhelpful. We then outline the differences between soft and hard systems thinking as a more relevant and helpful distinction, mainly as a difference between perspectives in systemic modeling toward models. We also illustrate that the distinction is methodologically useful to advance sustainability science by enabling us: (1) to suggest novel ways of using existing theoretical, experimental, and computational resources of the sciences for renewable resource management, and (2) to disentangle disciplinary disagreements in climate science.
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| 25. |
- Nordenskjöld, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Type of mutation and surgical procedure affect long-term quality of life for women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 93:2, s. 380-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by different mutations, feminizing surgery is mostly performed in childhood, and many patients are lost to follow-up. OBJECTIVE/PATIENTS: A follow-up study on 62 CAH women aged 18-63 yr and 62 age-matched controls to correlate findings of both operative method and mutation was performed. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews were performed in cases and controls, as well as a gynecological examination in the cases. The results were correlated with disease-causing mutations and earlier surgical procedures if performed. SETTING: The study was conducted at university hospital referral clinics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gynecological examination in all cases correlated to previous surgery (n = 49), type of mutation, and questionnaire responses. RESULTS: Half of the CAH women claimed that the disease affected their sex life. The women were less satisfied with their genitals, whether operated or not. Clitoris size and functions were affected by the surgical method. Five women had a clinically evident vaginal stenosis on examination. However, almost half of patients experienced a narrow vagina. The overall psychosexual aspects of life were affected in these patients with later sexual debut, fewer pregnancies and children, and an increased incidence of homosexuality. These quality of life factors were correlated to the severity of the mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The overall quality of life in adult women with CAH is affected both by the type of mutation and operative procedure. Indications for clitoroplasty should be restrictive. Medical, surgical, and psychological treatment should be centralized.
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