| 1. |
- Carlsen, O. C. L., et al.
(author)
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Physical activity in pregnancy: a Norwegian-Swedish mother-child birth cohort study
- 2021
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In: AJOG Global Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5778. ; 1:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity during pregnancy is important for maternal and offspring health. Optimal conditions during pregnancy may help reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases. National and international guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of physical activity of at least moderate intensity per week. To optimize physical activity in pregnant women, it is important to identify factors associated with higher levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore types and levels of physical activity in midpregnancy in Norway and Sweden and to identify factors associated with higher levels of physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the population-based mother-child cohort Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children study recruiting 2697 women in Norway and Sweden from 2014 to 2016, we included 2349 women who answered an electronic questionnaire at enrollment in midpregnancy. Women were asked about regular physical activity in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and afterward for types and levels of physical activity in pregnancy and before pregnancy and socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and maternal health. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with higher levels of physical activity in pregnancy, defined as >30 minutes per session of ≥2 times per week of moderate- or high-intensity brisk walking, strength training, jogging, and bicycling. RESULTS: No regular physical activity during the last 2 weeks before answering the questionnaire at midpregnancy was reported by 689 women (29%). In this study, 1787 women (76%) reported weekly strolling during pregnancy. Regular physical activity at least twice weekly in the first half of pregnancy was reported as brisk walking by 839 women (36%), bicycling by 361 women (15%), strength training by 322 women (14%), and other activities by <10% of women. Among the 1430 women with regular moderate- or high-intensity physical activity, the estimated median duration per week was 120 minutes. Higher physical activity levels were achieved in 553 women (23.5%) by brisk walking, 287 women (12.2%) by strength training, 263 women (11.2%) by bicycling, and 114 women (4.9%) by jogging. Higher physical activity levels were positively associated with regular physical activity before pregnancy, dog ownership, and atopic dermatitis and negatively associated with higher body mass index, study location in Østfold, previous pregnancy or pregnancies, non-Nordic origin, suburban living, and sick leave. CONCLUSION: At midpregnancy, 29% of women were inactive, and less than 50% of women had at least 2 hours of moderate-intensity physical activity weekly. Awareness of physical activity in pregnancy should be discussed at pregnancy follow-up visits, particularly among women with higher body mass index, sick leave, previous pregnancy or pregnancies, and non-Nordic origin.
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| 4. |
- Hilde, K., et al.
(author)
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Fetal Thoracic Circumference and Lung Volume and Their Relation to Fetal Size and Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow
- 2022
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In: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0278-4297 .- 1550-9613. ; 41:4, s. 985-993
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Research on early origins of lung disease suggests the need for studying the relationships of thoracic and lung size with fetal size and pulmonary circulation. The primary aim of this study is therefore to explore the associations between fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size. We also aim to assess if lung volume and thoracic circumference are associated with fetal pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures. Methods Cross-sectional assessment of singleton pregnancies from the general population (n = 447) at 30 gestational weeks (GW) was performed using ultrasound measurement of fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, head and abdominal circumference, and femur length. We obtained Doppler blood flow velocity measures from the proximal branches of the fetal pulmonary artery. Associations between variables were studied using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results Both thoracic circumference and lung volume correlated with fetal size measures, ranging from r = 0.64 between thoracic circumference and abdominal circumference, to r = 0.28 between lung volume and femur length. Adjustment for gestational age, maternal nicotine use, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and fetal sex marginally influenced the associations with abdominal circumference. The correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures were weak (r <= 0.17). Conclusion We found moderate to low correlation between thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size at 30 GW. The closest relationship was with the abdominal circumference. We found low correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures.
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| 6. |
- Skjerven, H. O., et al.
(author)
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Skin emollient and early complementary feeding to prevent infant atopic dermatitis (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial
- 2020
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 395:10228, s. 951-961
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Skin emollients applied during early infancy could prevent atopic dermatitis, and early complementary food introduction might reduce food allergy in high-risk infants. The study aimed to determine if either regular skin emollients applied from 2 weeks of age, or early complementary feeding introduced between 12 and 16 weeks of age, reduced development of atopic dermatitis by age 12 months in the general infant population. Methods: This population-based 2×2 factorial, randomised clinical trial was done at Oslo University Hospital and Østfold Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway; and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Infants of women recruited antenatally at the routine ultrasound pregnancy screening at 18 weeks were cluster-randomised at birth from 2015 to 2017 to the following groups: (1) controls with no specific advice on skin care while advised to follow national guidelines on infant nutrition (no intervention group); (2) skin emollients (bath additives and facial cream; skin intervention group); (3) early complementary feeding of peanut, cow's milk, wheat, and egg (food intervention group); or (4) combined skin and food interventions (combined intervention group). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) using computer- generated cluster randomisation based on 92 geographical living area blocks as well as eight 3-month time blocks. Carers were instructed to apply the interventions on at least 4 days per week. Atopic dermatitis by age 12 months was the primary outcome, based on clinical investigations at 3, 6 and 12 months by investigators masked to group allocation. Atopic dermatitis was assessed after completing the 12-month investigations and diagnosed if either of the UK Working Party and Hanifin and Rajka (12 months only) diagnostic criteria were fulfilled. The primary efficacy analyses was done by intention-to-treat analysis on all randomly assigned participants. Food allergy results will be reported once all investigations at age 3 years are completed in 2020. This was a study performed within ORAACLE (the Oslo Research Group of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood; the Lung and Environment). The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02449850. Findings: 2697 women were recruited between Dec 9, 2014, and Oct 31, 2016, from whom 2397 newborn infants were enrolled from April 14, 2015, to April 11, 2017. Atopic dermatitis was observed in 48 (8%) of 596 infants in the no intervention group, 64 (11%) of 575 in the skin intervention group, 58 (9%) of 642 in the food intervention group, and 31 (5%) of 583 in the combined intervention group. Neither skin emollients nor early complementary feeding reduced development of atopic dermatitis, with a risk difference of 3·1% (95% CI –0·3 to 6·5) for skin intervention and 1·0% (–2·1 to 4·1) for food intervention, in favour of control. No safety concerns with the interventions were identified. Reported skin symptoms and signs (including itching, oedema, exanthema, dry skin, and urticaria) were no more frequent in the skin, food, and combined intervention groups than in the no intervention group. Interpretation: Neither early skin emollients nor early complementary feeding reduced development of atopic dermatitis by age 12 months. Our study does not support the use of these interventions to prevent atopic dermatitis by 12 months of age in infants. Funding: The study was funded by several public and private funding bodies: The Regional Health Board South East, The Norwegian Research Council, Health and Rehabilitation Norway, The Foundation for Healthcare and Allergy Research in Sweden-Vårdalstiftelsen, Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation, Swedish Research Council—the Initiative for Clinical Therapy Research, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, SFO-V at the Karolinska Institute, Freemason Child House Foundation in Stockholm, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare—FORTE, Oslo University Hospital, the University of Oslo, and Østfold Hospital Trust. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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| 7. |
- Vaernesbranden, M. R., et al.
(author)
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Maternal human papillomavirus infections at mid-pregnancy and delivery in a Scandinavian mother-child cohort study
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1201-9712. ; 108, s. 574-581
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, especially during women's reproductive years, with unclear obstetrical impact. This study aimed to identify HPV prevalence at mid-gestation and delivery, type-specific persistence from mid-gestation to delivery, and risk factors for HPV infection and persistence. Methods: In 757 women from a Scandinavian prospective mother-child cohort, HPV was analyzed in first void urine samples at mid-gestation and delivery. We used Seegene Anyplex II HPV28 PCR assay for genotyping and semi-quantifying 28 genital HPV genotypes, including 12 high-risk HPVs (HR-HPV). Socio-demographic and health data were collected through e-questionnaires. Results: Any-HPV genotype (any of 28 assessed) was detected in 38% of the study cohort at mid-gestation and 28% at delivery, and HR-HPVs in 24% and 16%, respectively. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16: 6% at mid-gestation and 4% at delivery. Persistence of Any-HPV genotype was 52%, as was HR-HPV genotype-specific persistence. A short pre-conception relationship with the child's father and alcohol intake during pregnancy increased HPV infection risk at both time points. Low viral load at mid-gestation was associated with clearance of HPV infections at delivery. Conclusion: HPV prevalence was higher at mid-gestation compared with delivery, and low viral load was associated with clearance of HPV at delivery. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/).
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| 8. |
- Angell, IL, et al.
(author)
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De novo species identification using 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing
- 2020
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In: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8, s. e10029-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanopore sequencing is rapidly becoming more popular for use in various microbiota-based applications. Major limitations of current approaches are that they do not enable de novo species identification and that they cannot be used to verify species assignments. This severely limits applicability of the nanopore sequencing technology in taxonomic applications. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of de novo species identification and verification using hexamer frequencies in combination with k-means clustering for nanopore sequencing data. The approach was tested on the human infant gut microbiota of 3-month-old infants. Using the hexamer k-means approach we identified two new low abundant species associated with vaginal delivery. In addition, we confirmed both the vaginal delivery association for two previously identified species and the overall high levels of bifidobacteria. Taxonomic assignments were further verified by mock community analyses. Therefore, we believe our de novo species identification approach will have widespread application in analyzing microbial communities in the future.
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| 10. |
- Bains, KES, et al.
(author)
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Infant lung function: criteria for selecting tidal flow-volume loops
- 2022
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In: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tidal flow–volume (TFV) loops are commonly recorded in infants during sleep, due to the more regular breathing patterns compared to the awake state. Standardised deselection of loops outside pre-specified ranges are based on periods of regular breathing, while criteria and available software for visual evaluation of TFV loops are lacking. We aimed to determine the reliability of standardised criteria for manual selection of infant TFV loops.MethodsUsing a pre-defined set of criteria, three independent raters manually evaluated TFV loops among 57 randomly selected awake healthy 3-month-old infants with available TFV measurements in the Scandinavian Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children (PreventADALL) study. The TFV loops were sampled using the Eco Medics Exhalyzer D. Criteria for selecting TFV loops included reproducible shape and volume with only one peak in tidal expiratory flow (PTEF), excluding loops with no clear or uneven flow towards PTEF. By intraclass coefficient (ICC), the reliability of agreement between raters was determined for the time to PTEF (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE) and other TFV loop parameters.ResultsFive infants had unsuccessful tests. Among the remaining 52 infants, the raters selected a median of 25, 26 and 15 loops per test. The ICCs (95% CI) were 0.97 (0.92–0.98) fortPTEF/tE, 0.99 (0.99–1.00) for respiratory rate, 0.98 (0.97–0.99) for tidal volume per kg and 0.98 (0.97–0.99) for expiratory volume, reflecting excellent agreement in all categories.ConclusionManual TFV loop selection using standardised criteria provides a reliable alternative for lung function measures in awake infants with interrupted breathing cycles in a real-life setting.
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| 13. |
- Bains, KES, et al.
(author)
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Infant tidal flow-volume parameters and arousal state
- 2022
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In: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infant lung function can be assessed with tidal flow–volume (TFV) loops. While TFV loops can be measured in both awake and sleeping infants, the influence of arousal state in early infancy is not established. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TFV loop parameters in healthy infants differed while awake compared to the sleeping state at 3 months of age.MethodsFrom the population-based Scandinavian Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children (PreventADALL) birth cohort, 91 infants had reproducible TFV loops measured with Exhalyzer®D in both the awake and sleeping state at 3 months of age. The TFV loops were manually selected according to a standardised procedure. The ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE) and the corresponding volume ratio (VPTEF/VE), as well as tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate were compared using nonparametric tests.ResultsThe mean (95% CI)tPTEF/tEwas significantly higher while awake compared to the sleeping state: 0.39 (0.37–0.41)versus0.28 (0.27–0.29); with the correspondingVPTEF/VEof 0.38 (0.36–0.40)versus0.29 (0.28–0.30). TheVTwas similar, while the respiratory rate was higher while awake compared to the sleeping state: 53 (51–56) breaths·min−1versus38 (36–40) breaths·min−1.ConclusionHighertPTEF/tE,VPTEF/VEand respiratory rate, but similarVTwhile awake compared to the sleeping state suggests that separate normative TFV loop values according to arousal state may be required in early infancy.
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| 18. |
- Fardig, M, et al.
(author)
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Skin Barrier Function and Infant Tidal Flow-Volume Loops-A Population-Based Observational Study
- 2023
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In: Children (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The relationship between the skin barrier- and lung function in infancy is largely unexplored. We aimed to explore if reduced skin barrier function by high transepidermal water loss (TEWL), or manifestations of eczema or Filaggrin (FLG) mutations, were associated with lower lung function in three-month-old infants. Methods: From the population-based PreventADALL cohort, 899 infants with lung function measurements and information on either TEWL, eczema at three months of age and/or FLG mutations were included. Lower lung function by tidal flow-volume loops was defined as a ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) <0.25 and a tPTEF <0.17 s (<25th percentile). A high TEWL >8.83 g/m2/h (>75th percentile) denoted reduced skin barrier function, and DNA was genotyped for FLG mutations (R501X, 2282del4 and R2447X). Results: Neither a high TEWL, nor eczema or FLG mutations, were associated with a lower tPTEF/tE. While a high TEWL was associated with a lower tPTEF; adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.61 (1.08, 2.42), the presence of eczema or FLG mutations were not. Conclusions: Overall, a high TEWL, eczema or FLG mutations were not associated with lower lung function in healthy three-month-old infants. However, an inverse association between high TEWL and tPTEF was observed, indicating a possible link between the skin barrier- and lung function in early infancy.
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| 24. |
- Gudmundsdottir, HK, et al.
(author)
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Infant lung function and maternal physical activity in the first half of pregnancy
- 2022
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In: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Physical activity (PA) in pregnancy is important for maternal and possibly offspring health. To study the early origins of lung function we aimed to determine whether PA in the first half of pregnancy is associated with lung function in healthy 3-month-old infants.MethodsFrom the general population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children birth cohort recruiting infants antenatally in Norway and Sweden, all 812 infants (48.8% girls) with available tidal flow–volume measures in the awake state at 3 months of age and mid-pregnancy data on PA were included. PA was self-reported by the mothers and, based on intensity, we categorised them as active or inactive during pregnancy. Furthermore, we defined active mothers as fairly or highly active. The main outcome was a ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) <0.25. Associations were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index,in uteronicotine exposure and parental atopy.ResultsThe mean±sdtPTEF/tEwas 0.391±0.08 and did not differ significantly according to maternal PA level in pregnancy. The 290 infants of inactive mothers had higher odds of havingtPTEF/tE<0.25 compared to infants of all active mothers (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.13–3.82; p=0.019) and compared to infants (n=224) of fairly active (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.26–7.24; p=0.018) but not highly active mothers (n=298).ConclusionBased on self-reported maternal PA in the first half of pregnancy, 3-month-old infants of inactive compared to active mothers had higher odds of a lowtPTEF/tE.
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