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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(author)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Research review (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Bjartell, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Association of cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 and beta-microseminoprotein with outcome after radical prostatectomy
- 2007
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 13:14, s. 4130-4138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: It has been suggested that cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) and p-microseminoprotein (MSP) are associated with outcome in prostate cancer. We investigated whether these markers are related to biochemical recurrence and whether addition of the markers improves prediction of recurring disease. Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays of radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed for CRISP-3 and MSP by immunohistochemistry. Associations between marker positivity and postprostatectomy biochemical recurrence [prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 0.2 ng/mL with a confirmatory level] were evaluated by univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Multivariable analyses controlled for preoperative PSA and pathologic stage and grade. Results: Among 945 patients, 224 had recurrence. Median follow-up for survivors was 6.0 years. Patients positive for CRISP-3 had smaller recurrence-free probabilities, whereas MSP-positive patients had larger recurrence-free probabilities. On univariate analysis, the hazard ratio for patients positive versus negative for CRISP-3 was 1.53 (P =0.010) and for MSP was 0.63 (P = 0.004). On multivariable analysis, both CRISP-3 (P = 0.007) and MSP (P = 0.002) were associated with recurrence. The hazard ratio among CRISP-3-positive/MSP-negative patients compared with CRISP-3-negative/MSP-positive patients was 2.38. Adding CRISP-3 to a base model that included PSA and pathologic stage and grade did not enhance the prediction of recurrence, but adding MSP increased the concordance index minimally from 0.778 to 0.781. Conclusion: We report evidence that CRISP-3 and MSP are independent predictors of recurrence after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. However, addition of the markers does not importantly improve the performance of existing predictive models. Further research should aim to elucidate the functions of CRISP-3 and MSP in prostate cancer cells.
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| 11. |
- Borregales, L. D., et al.
(author)
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Grade Migration of Prostate Cancer in the United States During the Last Decade
- 2022
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In: Jnci-Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 114:7, s. 1012-1019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Prostate cancer (PC) screening guidelines have changed over the last decade to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-grade disease. We sought to examine and attempt to explain how changes in screening strategies have impacted temporal trends in Gleason grade group (GG) PC at diagnosis and radical prostatectomy pathology. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry database, we identified 438 432 men with newly diagnosed PC during 2010-2018. Temporal trends in incidence of GG at biopsy, radical prostatectomy pathology, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and metastasis at diagnosis were examined. The National Health Interview Survey database was examined to evaluate trends in PSA-screening rates, and a literature review evaluating magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers utilization during this period was performed. Results Between 2010 and 2018, the incidence of low-grade PC (GG1) decreased from 52 to 26 cases per 100 000 (P < .001). The incidence of GG1 as a proportion of all PC decreased from 47% to 32%, and the proportion of GG1 at radical prostatectomy pathology decreased from 32% to 10% (P < .001). However, metastases at diagnosis increased from 3.0% to 5.2% (P < .001). During 2010-2013, PSA screening rates in men aged 50-74 years declined from 39 to 32 per 100 men and remained stable. Utilization rates of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers modestly increased from 7.2% in 2012 to 17% in 2019 and 1.3% in 2012 to 13% in 2019, respectively. Conclusions We found a significant decrease in the diagnosis and treatment of GG1 PC between 2010 and 2018. Changes in PSA screening practices appear as the primary contributor. Public health efforts should be directed toward addressing the increase in the diagnoses of metastatic PC.
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| 12. |
- Borregales, L. D., et al.
(author)
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Response to Takahashi
- 2022
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 114:11, s. 1557-1558
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Perera, M., et al.
(author)
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Oncologic Outcomes of Total Length Gleason Pattern 4 on Biopsy in Men with Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer
- 2022
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In: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 208:2, s. 309-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Gleason Score 7 prostate cancer comprises a wide spectrum of disease risk, and precise substratification is paramount. Our group previously demonstrated that the total length of Gleason pattern (GP) 4 is a better predictor than %GP4 for adverse pathological outcomes at radical prostatectomy. We aimed to determine the association of GP4 length on prostate biopsy with post-prostatectomy oncologic outcomes. Materials and Methods: We compared 4 GP4 quantification methods-including maximum %GP4 in any single core, overall %GP4, total length GP4 (mm) across all cores and length GP4 (mm) in the highest volume core-for prediction of biochemical recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 457 men with grade group 2 prostate cancer on biopsy subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. The 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival probability was 85% (95% CI 81-88). On multivariable analysis, all 4 GP4 quantification methods were associated with biochemical recurrence-maximum % GP4 (HR=1.30; 95% CI 1.07-1.59; p=0.009), overall %GP4 (HR=1.61; 95% CI 1.21-2.15; p=0.001), total length GP4 (HR=2.48; 95% CI 1.36-4.52; p=0.003) and length GP4 in highest core (HR=1.32; 95% CI 1.11-1.57; p=0.001). However, we were unable to identify differences between methods of quantification with a relatively low event rate. Conclusions: These findings support further studies on GP4 quantification in addition to the ratio of GP3 and GP4 to classify prostate cancer risk. Research should also be conducted on whether GP4 quantification could provide a surrogate endpoint for disease progression for trials in active surveillance.
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| 15. |
- Vickers, Madeleine L., et al.
(author)
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The ikaite to calcite transformation : Implications for palaeoclimate studies
- 2022
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In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037. ; 334, s. 201-216
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine sedimentary ikaite is the parent mineral to glendonite, stellate pseudomorphs found throughout the geological record which are most usually composed of calcite. Ikaite is known to be metastable at earth surface temperatures and pressures, readily breaking down to more stable carbonate polymorphs when exposed to warm (ambient) conditions. Yet the process of transformation of ikaite to calcite is not well understood, and there is an ongoing debate as to the palaeoclimatic significance of glendonites in the geological record. This study uses a combination of techniques to examine the breakdown of ikaite to calcite, outside of the ikaite growth medium, and to assess the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental significance of stable and clumped isotope compositions of ikaite-derived calcite. Powder X-ray diffraction shows that ikaite undergoes a quasi- solid-state transformation to calcite during heating of samples in air, yet when ikaite transforms under a high temperature differential, minor dissolution-recrystallisation may also occur with the ikaite structural waters. No significant isotopic equilibration to transformation temperature is observed in the resulting calcite. Therefore, in cases of transformation of ikaite in air, clumped and stable isotope thermometry can be used to reconstruct ikaite growth temperatures. In the case of ancient glendonites, where transformation of the ikaite occurred in contact with the interstitial waters of the host sediments over unknown timescales, it is uncertain whether the reconstructed clumped isotope temperatures reflect ikaite crystallisation or its transformation temperatures. Yet clumped and stable isotope thermometry may still be used conservatively to estimate an upper limit for bottom water temperatures. Furthermore, stable isotope along with element/Ca ratios shed light on the chemical environment of ikaite growth. Our data indicate that a range of (bio)geochemical processes may act to promote ikaite formation at different marine sedimentary sites, including bacterial sulphate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane. The colours of the ikaites, from light brown to dark brown, indicate a high organic matter content, favouring high rates of bacterial sulphate reduction as the main driver of ikaite precipitation. Highest Mg/Ca ratios are found in the most unstable ikaites, indicating that Mg acts to destabilise ikaite structure.
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| 16. |
- Agic, Heda, et al.
(author)
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Late Ediacaran occurrences of the organic-walled microfossils Granomarginata and flask-shaped Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov.
- 2022
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In: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 159:7, s. 1071-1092
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New occurrences of flask-shaped and envelope-bearing microfossils, including the predominantly Cambrian taxon Granomarginata, are reported from new localities, as well as from earlier in time (Ediacaran) than previously known. The stratigraphic range of Granomarginata extends into the Cambrian System, where it had a cosmopolitan distribution. This newly reported Ediacaran record includes areas from Norway (Baltica), Newfoundland (Avalonia) and Namibia (adjacent to the Kalahari Craton), and puts the oldest global occurrence of Granomarginata in the Indreelva Member (< 563 Ma) of the Stahpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway. Although Granomarginata is rare within the assemblage, these new occurrences together with previously reported occurrences from India and Poland, suggest a potentially widespread palaeogeographic distribution of Granomarginata through the middle-late Ediacaran interval. A new flask-shaped microfossil Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov. is also reported in horizons containing Granomarginata from the Stahpogieddi Formation in Norway and the Dabis Formation in Namibia, and flask-shaped fossils are also found in the Gibbett Hill Formation in Newfoundland. The Granomarginata-Lagoenaforma association, in addition to a low-diversity organic-walled microfossil assemblage, occurs in the strata postdating the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, and may eventually be of use in terminal Ediacaran biostratigraphy. These older occurrences of Granomarginata add to a growing record of body fossil taxa spanning the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Sigrid, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Experience
- 2020
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In: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 203:6, s. 1122-1127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We report oncologic outcomes for men with Grade Group 1 prostate cancer managed with active surveillance at a tertiary cancer center. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,907 patients were managed with active surveillance between 2000 and 2017, of whom 2,664 had Grade Group 1 disease. Patients were recommended confirmatory biopsy to verify eligibility and were followed semiannually with prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and review of symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging was increasingly used in recent years. Biopsy was repeated every 2 to 3 years or after a sustained prostate specific antigen increase or changes in magnetic resonance imaging/digital rectal examination. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate probabilities of treatment, progression and development of metastasis. Results: Median patient age at diagnosis was 62 years. For men with Grade Group 1 prostate cancer the treatment-free probability at 5, 10 and 15 years was 76% (95% CI 74-78), 64% (95% CI 61-68) and 58% (95% CI 51-64), respectively. At 5, 10 and 15 years there were 1,146, 220 and 25 men at risk for metastasis, respectively. Median followup for those without metastasis was 4.3 years (95% CI 2.3-6.9). Distant metastasis developed in 5 men. Upon case note review only 2 of these men were deemed to have disease that could have been cured on immediate treatment. The risk of distant metastasis was 0.6% (95% CI 0.2-2.0) at 10 years. Conclusions: Active surveillance is a safe strategy over longer followup for appropriately selected patients with Grade Group 1 disease following a well-defined monitoring plan.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Sigrid, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Risk of Metastasis in Men with Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer Managed with Active Surveillance at a Tertiary Cancer Center
- 2020
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In: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 203:6, s. 1117-1121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We studied the risk of metastatic prostate cancer development in men with Grade Group 2 disease managed with active surveillance at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Materials and Methods: A total of 219 men with Grade Group 2 prostate cancer had disease managed with active surveillance between 2000 and 2017. Biopsy was performed every 2 to 3 years, or upon changes in magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific antigen level or digital rectal examination. The primary outcome was development of distant metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate treatment-free survival. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 67 years (IQR 61-72), median prostate specific antigen was 5 ng/ml (IQR 4-7) and most patients (69%) had nonpalpable disease. During followup 64 men received treatment, including radical prostatectomy in 36 (56%), radiotherapy in 20 (31%), hormone therapy in 3 (5%) and focal therapy in 5 (8%). Of the 36 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy 32 (89%) had Grade Group 2 disease on pathology and 4 (11%) had Grade Group 3 disease. Treatment-free survival was 61% (95% CI 52-70) at 5 years and 49% (95% CI 37-60) at 10 years. Three men experienced biochemical recurrence, no men had distant metastasis and no men died of prostate cancer during the followup. Median followup was 3.1 years (IQR 1.9-4.9). Conclusions: Active surveillance appears to be a safe initial management strategy in the short term for carefully selected and closely monitored men with Grade Group 2 prostate cancer treated at a tertiary cancer center. Definitive conclusions await further followup.
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| 20. |
- Chesnut, G. T., et al.
(author)
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Estimating patient health in prostate cancer treatment counseling
- 2023
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In: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1365-7852 .- 1476-5608. ; 26, s. 271-275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background We assessed the concordance among urologists' judgment of health quartiles for patients with localized prostate cancer, and compared the life expectancy (LE) and ensuing treatment recommendations when following National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines based on actuarial life tables versus the Kent model, a validated LE prediction model. Methods NCCN suggests using actuarial life tables and relying on surgeon assessment of patient health to increase (for the best quartile) or decrease (for the worst quartile) LE by 50%. Eleven urologic surgeons allocated quartile of health and recommended treatments for ten patient vignettes. The 10-year survival probability was calculated using the Kent model and compared to the life-table estimate based on health quartile by surgeon consensus. Results Surgeon assessment agreed with the presumed true quartile of health based on a validated model in 41% of cases. For no case did three-quarters of surgeons assign health quartile correctly; in half of cases, <50% of surgeons assigned the correct quartile. The NCCN comorbidity-adjusted LE estimates underestimated risk of death in the best health quartile and overestimated risk of death in the worst health quartile, compared to the Kent model. Patients with LE > 10 years on NCCN estimation were recommended more frequently for surgery (81%) and those with <= 10 years estimated LE were more commonly recommended for radiation (57%) or observation (29%). Conclusions A method based on physician-assessed health quartiles for LE estimation, as suggested by the NCCN guidelines, appears too crude to be used in the treatment counseling of men with localized prostate cancer, as compared to a validated prediction model, such as the Kent model.
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| 21. |
- Cheung, K. H., et al.
(author)
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Extending gene ontology in the context of extracellular RNA and vesicle communication
- 2016
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In: Journal of Biomedical Semantics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1480. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: To address the lack of standard terminology to describe extracellular RNA (exRNA) data/metadata, we have launched an inter-community effort to extend the Gene Ontology (GO) with subcellular structure concepts relevant to the exRNA domain. By extending GO in this manner, the exRNA data/metadata will be more easily annotated and queried because it will be based on a shared set of terms and relationships relevant to extracellular research. Methods: By following a consensus-building process, we have worked with several academic societies/consortia, including ERCC, ISEV, and ASEMV, to identify and approve a set of exRNA and extracellular vesicle-related terms and relationships that have been incorporated into GO. In addition, we have initiated an ongoing process of extractions of gene product annotations associated with these terms from Vesiclepedia and ExoCarta, conversion of the extracted annotations to Gene Association File (GAF) format for batch submission to GO, and curation of the submitted annotations by the GO Consortium. As a use case, we have incorporated some of the GO terms into annotations of samples from the exRNA Atlas and implemented a faceted search interface based on such annotations. Results: We have added 7 new terms and modified 9 existing terms (along with their synonyms and relationships) to GO. Additionally, 18,695 unique coding gene products (mRNAs and proteins) and 963 unique non-coding gene products (ncRNAs) which are associated with the terms: "extracellular vesicle", "extracellular exosome", "apoptotic body", and "microvesicle" were extracted from ExoCarta and Vesiclepedia. These annotations are currently being processed for submission to GO. Conclusions: As an inter-community effort, we have made a substantial update to GO in the exRNA context. We have also demonstrated the utility of some of the new GO terms for sample annotation and metadata search.
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| 22. |
- Friberg, A. S., et al.
(author)
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Impact of previous depression on the risk of suicide among prostate cancer patients
- 2023
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 62:1, s. 89-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundPrior studies of suicide risk among prostate cancer patients are conflicting. We compared the risk of suicide in prostate cancer patients to cancer-free men including adjustment for clinical stage, socioeconomic position, somatic comorbidity, and previous depression.Materials and methodsA cohort of 37,527 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Denmark during 1998-2011 was identified in the Danish Prostate Cancer Registry (DaPCaR) and compared with 357,384 cancer-free men matched by age at the time of diagnosis. The primary outcome was death from suicide. Data were analyzed using cumulative incidence functions and multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsAmong prostate cancer patients, 3813 had a previous depression, defined as filed antidepressant prescription within three years before diagnosis. In the study period, 108 prostate cancer patients were registered with suicide as the cause of death, hereof 26 with previous depression. There was no difference in the cumulative incidence of suicide between prostate cancer patients and cancer-free men. There was no effect modification of previous depression on the risk of suicide (p = .12). The hazard ratio (HR) for suicide varied with time since diagnosis. A sensitivity analysis showed that the risk of suicide was highest within the first year of diagnosis where prostate cancer patients had a 1.70-fold increased hazard compared with cancer-free men (95% CI, 1.11-2.59). Men with prostate cancer and previous depression had a three-fold increased hazard for suicide compared with prostate cancer patients without a history of depression (HR 2.84, 95% CI, 1.82-4.45).ConclusionThe absolute risk of suicide is low following a prostate cancer diagnosis. Time since diagnosis and a history of depression was associated with the highest risk of suicide. Healthcare professionals should be aware of an increased risk of suicide among men with previous depression, especially in the immediate aftermath of the diagnosis.
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| 23. |
- Haiman, Christopher A, et al.
(author)
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Levels of Beta-Microseminoprotein in Blood and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Multiple Populations.
- 2012
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundA common genetic variant (rs10993994) in the 5' region of the gene encoding β-microseminoprotein (MSP) is associated with circulating levels of MSP and prostate cancer risk. Whether MSP levels are predictive of prostate cancer risk has not been evaluated.MethodsWe investigated the prospective relationship between circulating plasma levels of MSP and prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study of 1503 case subjects and 1503 control subjects among black, Latino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian, and white men from the Multiethnic Cohort study. We also examined the ability of MSP to serve as a biomarker for discriminating prostate cancer case subjects from control subjects. All statistical tests are two-sided.ResultsIn all racial and ethnic groups, men with lower MSP levels were at greater risk of developing prostate cancer (odds ratio = 1.02 per one unit decrease in MSP, P < .001 in the prostate-specific antigen [PSA]-adjusted analysis). Compared with men in the highest decile of MSP, the multivariable PSA-adjusted odds ratio was 3.64 (95% confidence interval = 2.41 to 5.49) for men in the lowest decile. The positive association with lower MSP levels was observed consistently across racial and ethnic populations, by disease stage and Gleason score, for men with both high and low levels of PSA and across all genotype classes of rs10993994. However, we did not detect strong evidence of MSP levels in improving prostate cancer prediction beyond that of PSA.ConclusionsRegardless of race and ethnicity or rs10993994 genotype, men with low blood levels of MSP have increased risk of prostate cancer.
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| 24. |
- Heijnsdijk, E. A. M., et al.
(author)
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Lifetime Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Risk-Stratified Screening for Prostate Cancer
- 2020
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In: Jnci-Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 112:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studies conducted in Swedish populations have shown that men with lowest prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at ages 44-50 years and 60 years have very low risk of future distant metastasis or death from prostate cancer. This study investigates benefits and harms of screening strategies stratified by PSA levels. Methods: PSA levels and diagnosis patterns from two microsimulation models of prostate cancer progression, detection, and mortality were compared against results of the Malmo Preventive Project, which stored serum and tracked subsequent prostate cancer diagnoses for 25 years. The models predicted the harms (tests and overdiagnoses) and benefits (lives saved and life-years gained) of PSA-stratified screening strategies compared with biennial screening from age 45 years to age 69 years. Results: Compared with biennial screening for ages 45-69 years, lengthening screening intervals for men with PSA less than 1.0 ng/mL at age 45 years led to 46.8-47.0% fewer tests (range between models), 0.9-2.1% fewer overdiagnoses, and 3.1-3.8% fewer lives saved. Stopping screening when PSA was less than 1.0 ng/mL at age 60 years and older led to 12.8-16.0% fewer tests, 5.0-24.0% fewer overdiagnoses, and 5.0-13.1% fewer lives saved. Differences in model results can be partially explained by differences in assumptions about the link between PSA growth and the risk of disease progression. Conclusion: Relative to a biennial screening strategy, PSA-stratified screening strategies investigated in this study substantially reduced the testing burden and modestly reduced overdiagnosis while preserving most lives saved. Further research is needed to clarify the link between PSA growth and disease progression.
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| 25. |
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