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| 2. |
- Tolio, Beatrice
(author)
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Pathogenic fungi and oomycetes causing dieback on Fraxinus species in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot region
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in forests and global change. - 2624-893X. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental changes are occurring on a global scale, but their effects are most pronounced in climate change hotspot zones, such as the Mediterranean basin. Within this area Italy, extending from its southern coasts in the core of the Mediterranean Sea to its northernmost pre-Alpine and Alpine regions, is characterized by a variety of climatic conditions and vegetation types. Surveys conducted in 2018–2022 in forest formations of Central-Northern Italy revealed that the enhanced warming trend and irregular distribution of precipitations are strongly impacting the health of Fraxinus species, with some pathogenic fungi and oomycetes being important contributing factors to the decline of the three main ash species growing there: common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). Isolation from symptomatic plant material collected countrywide under different site conditions and pathogenicity tests revealed a complex phytopathological framework, with several pathogenic species in addition to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus involved with a prominent role in the ash dieback etiology. Key microbial taxa included the fungal and oomycete pathogens Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia fraxini, Diplodia subglobosa, Phytophthora acerina, and Phytophthora plurivora. The disease impact was higher on sites where ash trees grew under environmental stress (i.e., areas characterized by mild dry winters, hot summers with intense and prolonged drought) and exhibited reduced vigor, also as a consequence of anthropogenic interference (i.e., silvicultural management and fires). The identified causative agents are emerging pathogens that thrive under warmer conditions, their impact in the investigated areas being prevalent compared to H. fraxineus, which appears to be restricted on the Italian peninsula to the cooler and wetter valleys of the Alps and Central-Northern Apennines.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Annika
(author)
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Dystocia in the bitch : epidemiology, aetiology and treatment
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Dystocia means difficult birth or inability to expel foetuses through the birth canal. The aetiology of dystocia may be maternal or foetal. Primary uterine inertia is the most common reason for dystocia in the bitch approaching 75% of the cases. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the incidence of dystocia and to find causes of primary uterine inertia. Also the treatment regimes for bitches with primary uterine inertia were evaluated. An epidemiologic investigation was performed. A large animal insurance data-base was used which covered healthy as well as diseased animals over time. Incidence of dystocia and the frequency of caesarean section in affected bitches were calculated. The overall incidence of dystocia was 5.7 cases per 1 000 dog years at risk. The frequency of caesarean section in bitches with dystocia was 64%. The other three studies included healthy bitches and bitches with abnormal parturition and the hormonal concentrations were analysed. An increase in prostaglandinF2α-metabolite concentration was observed from the last week of pregnancy. At labour stage II the plasma concentrations of prostaglandinF2α-metabolite, oxytocin, vasopressin and cortisol all increased in normal labour. Bitches with primary uterine inertia had plasma concentration of prostaglandinF2α-metabolite which was significantly lower compared to the normal bitches. The serum electrolytes was analysed in bitches with normal and abnormal parturition. No evidence was found indicating that abnormal serum concentration of electrolytes was a cause of primary uterine inertia in the bitch. Evaluation of two different treatment regimes revealed no significant difference in labour outcome if the bitch was treated with calcium solution in combination with oxytocin or with oxytocin only. In summary, this thesis provides information about the incidence of dystocia which was earlier unknown. The results suggest that abnormal release or production of prostaglandinF2α may be a cause of primary uterine inertia in bitches.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Annika, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Internet i Mediesverige
- 1999
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In: MedieSverige 1999. - Göteborg : Nordicom-Sverige.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Ekholm, Tobias, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Nearby Lagrangian fibers and Whitney sphere links
- 2018
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In: Compositio Mathematica. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0010-437X .- 1570-5846. ; 154:4, s. 685-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Let n > 3, and let L be a Lagrangian embedding of R-n into the cotangent bundle T*R-n of R-n that agrees with the cotangent fiber T*R-x(n) over a point x not equal 0 outside a compact set. Assume that L is disjoint from the cotangent fiber at the origin. The projection of L to the base extends to a map of the n-sphere S-n into R-n\{0}. We show that this map is homotopically trivial, answering a question of Eliashberg. We give a number of generalizations of this result, including homotopical constraints on embedded Lagrangian disks in the complement of another Lagrangian submanifold, and on two-component links of immersed Lagrangian spheres with one double point in T*R-n, under suitable dimension and Maslov index hypotheses. The proofs combine techniques from Ekholm and Smith [Exact Lagrangian immersions with a single double point, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 29 (2016), 1-59] and Ekholm and Smith [Exact Lagrangian immersions with one double point revisited, Math. Ann. 358 (2014), 195-240] with symplectic field theory.
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| 9. |
- Ekholm, Tobias, 1970-
(author)
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Non-loose Legendrian spheres with trivial contact homology DGA
- 2016
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In: Journal of Topology. - : Wiley. - 1753-8416 .- 1753-8424. ; 9:3, s. 826-848
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Loose Legendrian n-submanifolds, n >= 2, were introduced by Murphy ('Loose Legendrian embeddings in high dimensional contact manifolds', Preprint, 2012, arXiv:1201.2245) and proved to be flexible in the h-principle sense: any two loose Legendrian submanifolds that are formally Legendrian isotopic are also actually Legendrian isotopic. Legendrian contact homology is a Floer theoretic invariant that associates a differential graded algebra (DGA) to a Legendrian submanifold. The DGA of a loose Legendrian submanifold is trivial. We show that the converse is not true by constructing non-loose Legendrian n-spheres in standard contact (2n + 1)-space, n >= 2, with trivial DGA.
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| 12. |
- Hansen, Thomas Riisgaard, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Mixed Interaction Spaces – expanding the interaction space with mobile devices
- 2005
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In: Proceedings of British HCI 2005 , Edingburgh, UK, Sep. 2005..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobile phones are mainly interacted with through buttons, thumbwheels or pens. However, mobile devices are not just terminals into a virtual world; they are objects in a physical world. The concept of Mixed Interaction Spaces (MIXIS) expands the interaction with mobile phoneinto the physical world [Hansen et al. 2005]. MIXIS uses the camera in mobile devices to track a fixed-point and thereby establishes a 3 dimensional interaction space wherein the position and rotation of thephone can be tracked. In this paper we demonstrate that MIXIS opens up for new flexible ways of interacting with mobile devices. We present a set of novel, flexible applications built with MIXIS and we show that MIXIS is a feasible way of interacting with mobile devices by evaluating a MIXIS application against a traditional mobile interface. Finally, we discuss some design issues with MIXIS.
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| 13. |
- Henriksson, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Parameter Analysis of Current and Voltage Ripple in a Hybrid Vehicle Traction System
- 2016
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In: IEMDC 2015. ; , s. 1838-1845
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a modern hybrid vehicle where several switched converters are connected to a common high voltage DC-bus, current and voltage harmonics will arise due to the switching events in the inverter. In order to determine the behavior of the complete system, models that include switching characteristics, control parameters of each device and high frequency behavior of the cabling and the battery must be incorporated. The complete system model can then be used to e.g. quantify ripple components and analyze resonance effects. In this paper, a model of a drive system is set up and the results are verified by measurements. The model is then used to verify the interaction of the different subsystems and to investigate the complete system behavior. It is concluded that interaction of the different systems can be foreseen and that the battery inductance in combination with the DC-link capacitance contribute most to the DC-bus current ripple.
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| 14. |
- Henriksson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Perceived barriers to and facilitators of being physically active during adjuvant cancer treatment
- 2016
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In: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 99:7, s. 1220-1226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe cancer patients' perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity during adjuvant cancer treatment.METHODS: Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with patients with breast cancer (n=9) and colorectal cancer (n=1) and prostate cancer (n=8) undergoing adjuvant cancer treatment. To capture perceived barriers and facilitators before starting treatment, individual interviews with women with breast cancer (n=5) were also conducted. 23 patients in total, were interviewed, and the transcribed interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: Three categories emerged: "Physical and emotional barriers"-addresses experiences of side-effects, co-morbid conditions and emotional barriers, preventing physical activity (PA). "Perspective and attitudes"-how self-efficacy, self-image, preference, concerns, expectations, experience and new perspective regarding one's health influencing PA. "Support and practicalities"-addresses needs of support and information and how practicalities could be a barrier to PA.CONCLUSIONS: Several barriers were side effects of oncological treatment, which can be alleviated by PA. Another barrier was concerns regarding safety of PA during treatment. Communicating benefits and safety of PA to cancer patients early as possible after diagnosis might be beneficial.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Information about PA from health care staff should be given early after diagnosis and as a part of standard care.
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| 16. |
- Henriksson, Anna
(author)
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Physical activity and exercise during curative oncological treatment : exploring the effects of exercise intensity and behaviour change support, safety, and patients’ and exercise professionals’ experiences
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: This thesis aimed to explore the effects of exercise intensity and behaviour change support (BCS), the safety of exercise, and experiences of exercise for both patients and exercise professionals during oncological treatment (e.g. neo/adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine treatment, radiotherapy). This thesis is based on data from the Phys-Can (Physical training and Cancer) multicentre research program, consisting of a feasibility study, an observation study, and a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods: Paper I and II were quantitative studies. Paper I was a RCT with a 2x2 factorial design. Patients newly diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer about to start oncological treatment were randomised to six months of high intensity (HI) or low-moderate intensity (LMI) supervised group based resistance- and home-based endurance training, with or without additional BCS. The primary outcome, cancer related fatigue (CRF), was assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Multiple linear regression and additional responder analysis for primary outcomes were performed. Paper II was a descriptive and comparative study based on secondary data from the observation study and RCT. Data were presented descriptively, and related factors to adverse events (AEs) were analysed with logistic regressions. Paper III and IV were qualitative studies. Participants were patients with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer undergoing oncological treatment (Paper III) or coaches supervising exercise for participants in the RCT (Paper IV). Data were collected through semi-structured individual- (Paper III and IV) and focus group interviews (Paper III) and analysed with qualitative content analysis (Paper III) and thematic analysis (Paper IV). Main results and conclusions: The results from this thesis indicate that exercise at HI may not improve CRF in comparison with exercise at LMI in patients undergoing treatment, thus patients can be advised to exercise at either preferred intensity. Also, additional BCS did not improve CRF in relatively motivated patients receiving supervised exercise (Paper I). Furthermore, exercise-related AEs in persons undergoing oncological treatment are minor, of musculoskeletal origin, and with a similar incidence as in healthy populations. However, a higher risk of minor exercise-related AEs was reported in HI groups than in LMI groups. More serious AEs were rare, thus it seems safe to exercise even at HI for these patient groups (Paper II). The results also indicated that patients could experience side effects and concerns regarding the safety of exercising during oncological treatment as barriers to engage in physical activity. Therefore, engaging in physical activity before the onset of side effects from treatment and providing information regarding physical activity to patients could be beneficial (Paper III). Professionals supervising exercise for patients may find it highly rewarding, which is promising for implementation in cancer rehabilitation. However, patients may still receive contradictory information regarding the safety of exercise from health care staff, which can be difficult for exercise professionals to counteract (Paper IV).
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| 18. |
- Kamali, S., et al.
(author)
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Oxidation states and the quality of lower interfaces in magnetic tunnel junctions: oxygen effect on crystallization of interfaces
- 2013
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In: Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lower interfaces in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which are the basic components in many spintronic devices such as magnetoresistive random access memories, have crucial effects on the performance of these devices. To obtain more insight into such interfaces, we have introduced an ultrathin sensor layer of 57Fe at the interface between the lower electrode and the oxide barrier in selected MTJs. This allowed us to perform nuclear resonant scattering measurements, which provide direct information on the magnetic properties and quality of the interfaces. The application of nuclear resonant scattering to study interfaces in MTJs is a unique approach in the sense that it gives information at the atomic level, and specifically from the interface where the sensor layer is deposited. Samples with different tunnel barrier thicknesses and varied oxidation times in the preparation of this barrier have been studied. These show that oxidation can not only increase the magnetic hyperfine fields but also cause an interesting smoothing and crystallizing of the interface. Another interesting finding is the observation of boron diffusion into the lower part of the FeCoB lower electrode towards the Ta seed layer.
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| 22. |
- Kawser, Mohammad T, et al.
(author)
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Performance Comparison among MIMO Techniques at Different Interference Levels for LTE
- 2011
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In: Communication and Networking. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642271922 ; , s. 103-110
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- MIMO technique (multi antenna transmission and reception) is a keyfeature of long term evolution (LTE) which ensures higher spectral efficiencyand better multiuser flexibility making a cellular system spectrally efficient butinherently densely populated and interference-limited. Performance of spatialmultiplexing MIMO techniques degrades with the introduction of interferencein the system. To choose optimum MIMO mode it is worthwhile to analyze theUE (user equipment) throughput under different interference scenarios beforephysical implementation of a system. This paper contains a comparative studyof MIMO technique performances in terms of UE throughput under twodifferent UE speeds and interference scenarios.
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| 23. |
- Kenworthy, Jeffrey R., et al.
(author)
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Exploring the Energy Saving Potential in Private, Public and Non-Motorized Transport for Ten Swedish Cities
- 2022
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In: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transport energy conservation research in urban transport systems dates back principally to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries’ (OPEC) “Arab Oil Embargo” (1973–1974) and the Iranian revolution (1979), when global oil supplies became threatened and costs rose steeply. Two subsequent Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003) highlighted the dangerous geo-political dimensions of Middle-Eastern oil. In latter times, the urgency to reduce global CO2 output to avoid catastrophic climate change has achieved great prominence. How to reduce passenger transport energy use therefore remains an important goal, which this paper pursues in ten Swedish cities, based on five scenarios: (1) increasing the relatively low public transport (PT) seat occupancy in each Swedish city to average European levels (buses 35%, light rail 48%, metro 60% and suburban rail 35%); (2) doubling existing PT seat occupancy in each Swedish city; (3) increasing existing car occupancy in each Swedish city by 10%; (4) decreasing existing energy use per car vehicle kilometer by 15%; (5) increasing existing modal split for daily trips by non-motorized modes to 50% in each city. A sixth “best-case scenario” is also explored by simultaneously combining scenarios 2 to 5. The data used in the paper come from systematic empirical research on each of the ten Swedish cities. When applied individually, scenario 2 is the most successful for reducing passenger transport energy use, scenarios 1 and 4 are next in magnitude and produce approximately equal energy savings, followed by scenario 5, with scenario 3 being the least successful. The best-case, combined scenario could save 1183 million liters of gasoline equivalent in the ten cities, representing almost a 60% saving over their existing 2015 total private passenger transport energy use and equivalent to the combined 2015 total annual private transport energy use of Stockholm, Malmö and Jönköping. Such findings also have important positive implications for the de-carbonization of cities. The policy implications of these findings and the strategies for increasing public transport, walking and cycling, boosting car occupancy and decreasing vehicular fuel consumption in Swedish cities are discussed.
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