| 1. |
- Anderson, Cynthia M., et al.
(author)
-
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2009-31 January 2010
- 2010
-
In: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:3, s. 576-579
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 220 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Allanblackia floribunda, Amblyraja radiata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Dissodactylus primitivus, Elodea canadensis, Ephydatia fluviatilis, Galapaganus howdenae howdenae, Hoplostethus atlanticus, Ischnura elegans, Larimichthys polyactis, Opheodrys vernalis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Phragmidium violaceum, Pistacia vera, and Thunnus thynnus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Allanblackia gabonensis, Allanblackia stanerana, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Dacus ciliatus, Dacus demmerezi, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratits catoirii, Dacus punctatifrons, Ephydatia mulleri, Spongilla lacustris, Geodia cydonium, Axinella sp., Ischnura graellsii, Ischnura ramburii, Ischnura pumilio, Pistacia integerrima and Pistacia terebinthus.
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| 2. |
- Ashton, David T., et al.
(author)
-
Fifteen years of quantitative trait loci studies in fish: challenges and future directions
- 2017
-
In: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-294X .- 0962-1083.
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variation is a major challenge in biology. Here, we systematically evaluate 146 quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies on teleost fish over the last 15 years to investigate (i) temporal trends and (ii) factors affecting QTL detection and fine-mapping. The number of fish QTL studies per year increased over the review period and identified a cumulative number of 3632 putative QTLs. Most studies used linkage-based mapping approaches and were conducted on nonmodel species with limited genomic resources. A gradual and moderate increase in the size of the mapping population and a sharp increase in marker density from 2011 onwards were observed; however, the number of QTLs and variance explained by QTLs changed only minimally over the review period. Based on these findings, we discuss the causative factors and outline how larger sample sizes, phenomics, comparative genomics, epigenetics and software development could improve both the quantity and quality of QTLs in future genotype–phenotype studies. Given that the technical limitations on DNA sequencing have mostly been overcome in recent years, a renewed focus on these and other study design factors will likely lead to significant improvements in QTL studies in the future.
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| 3. |
- Austin, James D, et al.
(author)
-
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2011-31 March 2011.
- 2011
-
In: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 11:4, s. 757-758
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, Asellus aquaticus, Calopteryx splendens, Calopteryx virgo, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea seridis, Chilina dombeyana, Proctoeces cf. lintoni and Pyrenophora teres f. teres.
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| 4. |
- Barup, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-disciplinary lidar applications
- 2010
-
In: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2010. - 2162-2701. - 9781557528803
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lidar is a powerful technique normally associated with atmospheric monitoring. However, lidar techniques, also of the laser-induced fluorescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy varieties, provide many new possibilities in unconventional fields including cultural heritage and ecological applications.
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| 5. |
- Berdan, Emma L, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
A large chromosomal inversion shapes gene expression in seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida)
- 2021
-
In: EVOLUTION LETTERS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2056-3744. ; 5:6, s. 607-624
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inversions often underlie complex adaptive traits, but the genic targets inside them are largely unknown. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful way to link inversions with their phenotypic consequences. We examined the effects of the Cf-Inv(1) inversion in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida on gene expression variation across sexes and life stages. Our analyses revealed that Cf-Inv(1) shapes global expression patterns, most likely via linked variation, but the extent of this effect is variable, with much stronger effects in adults than larvae. Furthermore, within adults, both common as well as sex-specific patterns were found. The vast majority of these differentially expressed genes mapped to Cf-Inv(1). However, genes that were differentially expressed in a single context (i.e., in males, females, or larvae) were more likely to be located outside of Cf-Inv(1). By combining our findings with genomic scans for environmentally associated SNPs, we were able to pinpoint candidate variants in the inversion that may underlie mechanistic pathways that determine phenotypes. Together the results of this study, combined with previous findings, support the notion that the polymorphic Cf-Inv(1) inversion in this species is a major factor shaping both coding and regulatory variation resulting in highly complex adaptive effects.
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| 6. |
- Berdan, Emma L, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
A metabarcoding analysis of the wrackbed microbiome indicates a phylogeographic break along the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition zone
- 2023
-
In: Environmental Microbiology. - 1462-2912. ; 25:9, s. 1659-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sandy beaches are biogeochemical hotspots that bridge marine and terrestrial ecosystems via the transfer of organic matter, such as seaweed (termed wrack). A keystone of this unique ecosystem is the microbial community, which helps to degrade wrack and re-mineralize nutrients. However, little is known about this community. Here, we characterize the wrackbed microbiome as well as the microbiome of a primary consumer, the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida, and examine how they change along one of the most studied ecological gradients in the world, the transition from the marine North Sea to the brackish Baltic Sea. We found that polysaccharide degraders dominated both microbiomes, but there were still consistent differences between wrackbed and fly samples. Furthermore, we observed a shift in both microbial communities and functionality between the North and Baltic Sea driven by changes in the frequency of different groups of known polysaccharide degraders. We hypothesize that microbes were selected for their abilities to degrade different polysaccharides corresponding to a shift in polysaccharide content in the different seaweed communities. Our results reveal the complexities of both the wrackbed microbial community, with different groups specialized to different roles, and the cascading trophic consequences of shifts in the near shore algal community.
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| 7. |
- Bernatchez, Louis, et al.
(author)
-
Harnessing the Power of Genomics to Secure the Future of Seafood
- 2017
-
In: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 32:9, s. 665-680
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Best use of scientific knowledge is required to maintain the fundamental role of seafood in human nutrition. While it is acknowledged that genomic-based methods allow the collection of powerful data, their value to inform fisheries management, aquaculture, and biosecurity applications remains underestimated. We review genomic applications of relevance to the sustainable management of seafood resources, illustrate the benefits of, and identify barriers to their integration. We conclude that the value of genomic information towards securing the future of seafood does not need to be further demonstrated. Instead, we need immediate efforts to remove structural roadblocks and focus on ways that support integration of genomic-informed methods into management and production practices. We propose solutions to pave the way forward. Advancements of genetic technologies now allow the collection of genome-wide data in nonmodel species in a cost-effective manner. These genomic-informed technologies allow addressing a comprehensive spectrum of needs and applications relevant to fisheries, aquaculture, and biosecurity. Genomics tools also improve our understanding of how aquatic organisms adapt and respond to the environment, and improve our ability to monitor environmental variation and exploited species. Genomic approaches are now rapidly replacing traditional genetic markers, but their application in fisheries and aquaculture management has stagnated when compared to agriculture where they have long been used for improved production. There is no reason to further delay the application of genomic tools in fisheries management and aquaculture production.
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| 8. |
- Brydegaard, Mikkel, et al.
(author)
-
Insect monitoring with fluorescence lidar techniques: feasibility study.
- 2009
-
In: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 48:30, s. 5668-5677
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the possibilities of light detection and ranging (lidar) techniques to study migration of the damselfly species Calopteryx splendens and C. virgo. Laboratory and testing-range measurements at a distance of 60 m were performed using dried, mounted damselfly specimens. Laboratory measurements, including color photography in polarized light and spectroscopy of reflectance and induced fluorescence, reveal that damselflies exhibit reflectance and fluorescence properties that are closely tied to the generation of structural color. Lidar studies on C. splendens of both genders show that gender can be remotely determined, especially for specimens that were marked with Coumarin 102 and Rhodamine 6G dyes. The results obtained in this study will be useful for future field experiments, and provide guidelines for studying damselflies in their natural habitat using lidar to survey the air above the river surface. The findings will be applicable for many other insect species and should, therefore, bring new insights into migration and movement patterns of insects in general.
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| 9. |
- Bybee, Seth, et al.
(author)
-
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) as a bridge between ecology and evolutionary genomics
- 2016
-
In: Frontiers in Zoology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-9994. ; 13:1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) present an unparalleled insect model to integrate evolutionary genomics with ecology for the study of insect evolution. Key features of Odonata include their ancient phylogenetic position, extensive phenotypic and ecological diversity, several unique evolutionary innovations, ease of study in the wild and usefulness as bioindicators for freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this review, we synthesize studies on the evolution, ecology and physiology of odonates, highlighting those areas where the integration of ecology with genomics would yield significant insights into the evolutionary processes that would not be gained easily by working on other animal groups. We argue that the unique features of this group combined with their complex life cycle, flight behaviour, diversity in ecological niches and their sensitivity to anthropogenic change make odonates a promising and fruitful taxon for genomics focused research. Future areas of research that deserve increased attention are also briefly outlined.
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| 10. |
- Chapman, Ben B, et al.
(author)
-
Patterns of Animal Migration
- 2014
-
In: Animal movement across scales. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199677184 ; , s. 11-35
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 11. |
- Chauhan, Pallavi, et al.
(author)
-
De novo transcriptome of Ischnura elegans provides insights into sensory biology, colour and vision genes
- 2014
-
In: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is growing interest in odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) as model organisms in ecology and evolutionary biology but the development of genomic resources has been slow. So far only one draft genome (Ladona fulva) and one transcriptome assembly (Enallagma hageni) have been published. Odonates have some of the most advanced visual systems among insects and several species are colour polymorphic, and genomic and transcriptomic data would allow studying the genomic architecture of these interesting traits and make detailed comparative studies between related species possible. Here, we present a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly for the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) built from short-read RNA-seq data. The transcriptome analysis in this paper provides a first step towards identifying genes and pathways underlying the visual and colour systems in this insect group. Results: Illumina RNA sequencing performed on tissues from the head, thorax and abdomen generated 428,744,100 paired-ends reads amounting to 110 Gb of sequence data, which was assembled de novo with Trinity. A transcriptome was produced after filtering and quality checking yielding a final set of 60,232 high quality transcripts for analysis. CEGMA software identified 247 out of 248 ultra-conserved core proteins as 'complete' in the transcriptome assembly, yielding a completeness of 99.6%. BLASTX and InterProScan annotated 55% of the assembled transcripts and showed that the three tissue types differed both qualitatively and quantitatively in I. elegans. Differential expression identified 8,625 transcripts to be differentially expressed in head, thorax and abdomen. Targeted analyses of vision and colour functional pathways identified the presence of four different opsin types and three pigmentation pathways. We also identified transcripts involved in temperature sensitivity, thermoregulation and olfaction. All these traits and their associated transcripts are of considerable ecological and evolutionary interest for this and other insect orders. Conclusions: Our work presents a comprehensive transcriptome resource for the ancient insect order Odonata and provides insight into their biology and physiology. The transcriptomic resource can provide a foundation for future investigations into this diverse group, including the evolution of colour, vision, olfaction and thermal adaptation.
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| 12. |
- Chauhan, Pallavi, et al.
(author)
-
Genome assembly, sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans
- 2021
-
In: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543. ; 113:4, s. 1828-1837
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolution of sex chromosomes, and patterns of sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation, are poorly known among early winged insects such as odonates. We assembled and annotated the genome of Ischnura elegans (blue-tailed damselfly), which, like other odonates, has a male-hemigametic sex-determining system (X0 males, XX females). By identifying X-linked genes in I. elegans and their orthologs in other insect genomes, we found homologies between the X chromosome in odonates and chromosomes of other orders, including the X chromosome in Coleoptera. Next, we showed balanced expression of X-linked genes between sexes in adult I. elegans, i.e. evidence of dosage compensation. Finally, among the genes in the sex-determining pathway only fruitless was found to be X-linked, while only doublesex showed sex-biased expression. This study reveals partly conserved sex chromosome synteny and independent evolution of dosage compensation among insect orders separated by several hundred million years of evolutionary history.
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| 13. |
- Chauhan, Pallavi, et al.
(author)
-
Transcriptome profiling in the damselfly Ischnura elegans identifies genes with sex-biased expression
- 2016
-
In: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sexual dimorphism occurs widely across the animal kingdom and has profound effects on evolutionary trajectories. Here, we investigate sex-specific gene expression in Ischnura elegans (Odonata: dragonflies and damselflies), a species with pronounced sexual differences including a female-limited colour polymorphism with two female-like gynochrome morphs and one male-mimicking, androchrome morph. Whole-organism transcriptome profiling and sex-biased gene expression analysis was conducted on adults of both sexes (pooling all females as well as separating the three morphs) to gain insights into genes and pathways potentially associated with sexual development and sexual conflict. Results: The de novo transcriptome assembly was of high quality and completeness (54 k transcripts; 99.6% CEGMA score; 55% annotated). We identified transcripts of several relevant pathways, including transcripts involved in sex determination, hormone biosynthesis, pigmentation and innate immune signalling. A total of 1,683 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between males and all females (1,173 were female-biased; 510 male-biased). The DE genes were associated with sex-specific physiological and reproductive processes, olfaction, pigmentation (ommochrome and melanin), hormone (ecdysone) biosynthesis and innate immunity signalling pathways. Comparisons between males and each female morph category showed that the gynochromes differed more from males than the androchrome morph. Conclusions: This is the first study to characterize sex-biased gene expression in odonates, one of the most ancient extant insect orders. Comparison between I. elegans sexes revealed expression differences in several genes related to sexual differences in behaviour and development as well as morphology. The differential expression of several olfactory genes suggests interesting sexual components in the detection of odours, pheromones and environmental volatiles. Up-regulation of pigmentation pathways in females indicates a prominent role of ommochrome pigments in the formation of the genetically controlled female colour polymorphism. Finally, the female-biased expression of several immunity genes suggests a stronger immune response in females, possibly related to the high levels of male mating harassment and recurrent matings in this species, both of which have been shown to injure females and expose them to sexually transmitted diseases and toxins contained in seminal fluids.
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| 14. |
- Feary, David A., et al.
(author)
-
Trophic ecology of New Zealand triplefin fishes (Family Tripterygiidae)
- 2009
-
In: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 156:8, s. 1703-1714
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In many vertebrate radiations, food partitioning among closely related taxa is a key factor in both the maintenance of species diversity and the process of diversification. We compared diet composition and jaw morphology of 18 New Zealand triplefin species (F. Tripterygiidae) to examine whether species have diversified along a trophic axis. These fishes predominantly utilised small, mobile benthic invertebrates, and interspecific differences in diet composition appeared to be mainly attributable to habitat- or size-dependent feeding behaviour. Although there were differences in the relative size of the bones comprising the oral jaw apparatus between species, the majority showed an apparatus consistent with a relatively high velocity, low force jaw movement indicative of a diet of evasive prey. Phylogenetic comparative analyses showed that the evolution of jaw lever ratios and diet breadth was best explained by a non-directional model in which character changes have occurred randomly and independent of phylogeny. The mode of diet breadth evolution was gradual and the tempo has not accelerated or slowed down over time. The mode of evolution for the jaw lever ratios has been gradual for the opening but punctuated for the closing levers, suggesting that evolutionary changes have occurred rapidly for the latter trait. The tempo of trait evolution for the jaw opening levers has not accelerated or slowed down over time, while the tempo for the jaw closing levers has accelerated towards the tips of the tree, which is suggestive of species level adaptation. The lack of phylogenetic signal in diet breadth and jaw lever ratios appears most likely to be a correlated response to the marked habitat diversification in this group, and is thus the passive outcome of prey availability in species-specific habitat types. Overall, the trophic ecology of New Zealand's triplefin fauna parallels the generalist strategy typical of the family worldwide, suggesting that trophic resource partitioning has not been an important factor in the evolution of these fishes.
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| 15. |
- Griffin, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
Tidal range and recovery from the impacts mechanical beach grooming
- 2018
-
In: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691. ; 154, s. 66-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mechanical grooming to remove litter and wrack from sandy beaches reduces strandline biodiversity. The impact of tidal range on recovery rates of strandline ecosystems after grooming has not been examined to date, even though tidal range is known to affect the spatial and temporal patterns of seaweed. We compared taxon richness of macroinvertebrates that occur all year round at 104 sites on two coastlines at similar latitudes in Northern Europe that have pronounced differences in tidal range. Macroinvertebrate taxon richness was positively correlated with algae depth on both groomed and ungroomed beaches but was lower on groomed beaches. This was the case even in the off season despite wrack depths returning to similar levels found on ungroomed beaches. These impacts of grooming which extend into the winter offseason where found to be higher on beaches with a lower tidal range. We suggest this is likely to be because in areas with little tidal variation, irregular and unpredictable storm events are likely to be the predominant source of new wrack deposits. Our results suggest it is particularly important that management strategies to mitigate the impacts of grooming are adopted in areas with low tidal range.
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| 16. |
- Guan, Zuguang, et al.
(author)
-
Insect monitoring with fluorescence lidar techniques: field experiments.
- 2010
-
In: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 49:27, s. 5133-5142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from field experiments using a fluorescence lidar system to monitor movements of insects are reported. Measurements over a river surface were made at distances between 100 and 300 m, detecting, in particular, damselflies entering the 355 nm pulsed laser beam. The lidar system recorded the depolarized elastic backscattering and two broad bands of laser-induced fluorescence, with the separation wavelength at 500 nm. Captured species, dusted with characteristic fluorescent dye powders, could be followed spatially and temporally after release. Implications for ecological research are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Jönsson, Jane, et al.
(author)
-
Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for Hieracium s.s. (Asteraceae)
- 2010
-
In: Conservation Genetics Resources. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1877-7260 .- 1877-7252. ; 2:1, s. 295-300
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eight novel microsatellite markers were developed for Hieracium s.s. (excluding Pilosella) using a modified FIASCO protocol, and two out of nine microsatellites that were originally developed for Pilosella officinarum were optimised for Hieracium s.s.. All ten microsatellites consistently amplified loci from a wide range of representatives from north and central European species of various sections of the genus. When tested on 19 individuals, nine microsatellites were found to be highly polymorphic with 6–29 alleles, while one microsatellite marker was monomorphic. Cross-amplification showed that six of the ten microsatellites also amplified products in one taxon of Pilosella, P. floribunda × officinarum.
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| 18. |
- Kirkeby, Carsten, et al.
(author)
-
Observations of movement dynamics of flying insects using high resolution lidar
- 2016
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insects are fundamental to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, yet the study of insect movement, dispersal and activity patterns remains a challenge. Here we present results from a novel high resolution laser-radar (lidar) system for quantifying flying insect abundance recorded during one summer night in Sweden. We compare lidar recordings with data from a light trap deployed alongside the lidar. A total of 22808 insect were recorded, and the relative temporal quantities measured matched the quantities recorded with the light trap within a radius of 5 m. Lidar records showed that small insects (wing size <2.5 mm 2 in cross-section) moved across the field and clustered near the light trap around 22:00 local time, while larger insects (wing size >2.5 mm 2 in cross-section) were most abundant near the lidar beam before 22:00 and then moved towards the light trap between 22:00 and 23:30. We could distinguish three insect clusters based on morphology and found that two contained insects predominantly recorded above the field in the evening, whereas the third was formed by insects near the forest at around 21:30. Together our results demonstrate the capability of lidar for distinguishing different types of insect during flight and quantifying their movements.
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| 19. |
- Lancaster, Lesley T, et al.
(author)
-
Gene expression under thermal stress varies across a geographic range expansion front.
- 2016
-
In: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083. ; 25:5, s. 1141-1156
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many ectothermic species are currently expanding their distributions polewards due to anthropogenic global warming. Molecular genetic mechanisms facilitating range expansion under these conditions are largely unknown, but understanding these could help mitigate expanding pests and disease vectors, or help explain why some species fail to track changing climates. Here, using RNA-seq data, we examine genome-wide changes in gene expression under heat and cold stress in the range-expanding damselfly Ischnura elegans in northern Europe. We find that both the number of genes involved and levels of gene expression under heat stress have become attenuated during the expansion, consistent with a previously-reported release from selection on heat tolerances as species move polewards. Genes upregulated under cold stress differed between core and edge populations, corroborating previously-reported rapid adaptation to cooler climates at the expansion front. Expression of sixty-nine genes exhibited a region x treatment effect; these were primarily upregulated in response to heat stress in core populations but in response to cold stress at the range edge, suggesting that some cellular responses originally adapted to heat stress may switch to cold stress functionality upon encountering novel thermal selection regimes during range expansion. Transcriptional responses to thermal stress involving heat shock and neural function genes were largely geographically conserved, while retrotransposon, regulatory, muscle function and defence gene expression patterns were more variable. Flexible mechanisms of cold stress response and the ability of some genes to shift their function between heat and cold stress might be key mechanisms facilitating rapid poleward expansion in insects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Leonard, Aoife, et al.
(author)
-
A global initiative for ecological and evolutionary hologenomics
- 2024
-
In: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - 0169-5347. ; 39:7, s. 616-620
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Earth Hologenome Initiative (EHI) is a global collaboration to generate and analyse hologenomic data from wild animals and associated microorganisms using standardised methodologies underpinned by open and inclusive research principles. Initially focused on vertebrates, it aims to re-examine ecological and evolutionary questions by studying host–microbiota interactions from a systemic perspective.
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| 22. |
- Mérot, Claire, et al.
(author)
-
Locally Adaptive Inversions Modulate Genetic Variation at Different Geographic Scales in a Seaweed Fly
- 2021
-
In: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 38:9, s. 3953-3971
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Across a species range, multiple sources of environmental heterogeneity, at both small and large scales, create complex landscapes of selection, which may challenge adaptation, particularly when gene flow is high. One key to multidimensional adaptation may reside in the heterogeneity of recombination along the genome. Structural variants, like chromosomal inversions, reduce recombination, increasing linkage disequilibrium among loci at a potentially massive scale. In this study, we examined how chromosomal inversions shape genetic variation across a species range and ask how their contribution to adaptation in the face of gene flow varies across geographic scales. We sampled the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida along a bioclimatic gradient stretching across 10 degrees of latitude, a salinity gradient, and a range of heterogeneous, patchy habitats. We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly to analyze 1,446 low-coverage whole genomes collected along those gradients. We found several large nonrecombining genomic regions, including putative inversions. In contrast to the collinear regions, inversions and low-recombining regions differentiated populations more strongly, either along an ecogeographic dine or at a fine-grained scale. These genomic regions were associated with environmental factors and adaptive phenotypes, albeit with contrasting patterns. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of recombination in shaping adaptation to environmental heterogeneity at local and large scales.
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| 23. |
- Runemark, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Rare Events in Remote Dark-Field Spectroscopy: An Ecological Case Study of Insects
- 2012
-
In: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X. ; 18:5, s. 1573-1582
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a novel detection scheme for the monitoring of insect ecosystems is presented. Our method is based on the remote acquisition of passive sunlight scattering by two insect species. Procedures to identify rare events in remote dark-field spectroscopy are explained. We further demonstrate how to reduce the spectral representation, and how to discriminate between sexes, using a hierarchical clustering analysis. One-day cycle showing the temporal activities of the two sexes as well as data on activity patterns in relation to temperature and wind is presented. We also give a few examples of the potential use of the technique for studying interactions between sexes on a time scale of milliseconds.
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| 24. |
- Sánchez-Guillén, Rosa A., et al.
(author)
-
Alternative reproductive strategies and the maintenance of female color polymorphism in damselflies
- 2017
-
In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 7:15, s. 5592-5602
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic polymorphisms are powerful model systems to study the maintenance of diversity in nature. In some systems, polymorphisms are limited to female coloration; these are thought to have arisen as a consequence of reducing male mating harassment, commonly resulting in negative frequency-dependent selection on female color morphs. One example is the damselfly Ischnura elegans, which shows three female color morphs and strong sexual conflict over mating rates. Here, we present research integrating male tactics, and female evolutionary strategies (female mating behavior and morph-specific female fecundity) in populations with different morph-specific mating frequencies, to obtain an understanding of mating rates in nature that goes beyond the mere measure of color frequencies. We found that female morph behavior differed significantly among but not within morphs (i.e., female morph behavior was fixed). In contrast, male tactics were strongly affected by the female morph frequency in the population. Laboratory work comparing morph-specific female fecundity revealed that androchrome females have lower fecundity than both of the gynochrome female morphs in the short term (3-days), but over a 10-day period one of the gynochrome female morphs became more fecund than either of the other morphs. In summary, our study found sex-specific dynamics in response to different morph frequencies and also highlights the importance of studying morph-specific fecundities across different time frames to gain a better understanding of the role of alternative reproductive strategies in the maintenance of female-limited color polymorphism.
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| 25. |
- Sánchez-Guillén, Rosa A., et al.
(author)
-
The evolutionary history of colour polymorphism in Ischnura damselflies
- 2018
-
In: Journal of evolutionary biology. - 1010-061X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major challenge in evolutionary biology consists of understanding how genetic and phenotypic variation is created and maintained. In this study, we investigated the origin(s) and evolutionary patterns of the female-limited colour polymorphism in ischnuran damselflies. These consist of the presence of one to three colour morphs: one androchrome morph with a coloration that is similar to the male and two gynochrome morphs (infuscans and aurantiaca) with female-specific coloration. We (i) documented the colour and mating system of 44 of the 75 taxa within the genus Ischnura, (ii) reconstructed the evolutionary history of colour and mating system to identify the ancestral state, (iii) evaluated the stability of the colour morph status over time and (iv) tested for a correlation between colour and mating system. We found that the ancestral female colour of Ischnura was monomorphic and aurantiaca and that colour morph status changed over time, characterized by many gains and losses across the species tree. Our results further showed that colour polymorphism is significantly more frequent among polyandric species, whereas monandric species tend to be monomorphic. Research on some Ischnura species has shown that colour morphs have evolved to reduce male mating harassment, and our finding that the same phenotypic morphs have evolved multiple times (convergent evolution) suggests that several species in this genus might be experiencing similar selective pressures.
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