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| 6. |
- Annadotter, Kerstin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Motiv för inflyttning till Dalen och Östbergahöjden samt inflyttades värdering av områdena : Arbetsrapport nr 5 i projektet Grannskapseffekter på områdesnivå- en fördjupad studie av bostadsrättsombildning i allmännyttan
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att få kunskaper om varför man flyttar till Östbergahöjden och Dalen samt vilka kvaliteter och eventuella problem de nyinflyttade upplever i respektive område. Metoden för att erhålla svar på frågorna är skriftliga enkäter där inbjudan att delta i en webbaserad enkät sändes ut via brev till personer som flyttat in till Östbergahöjden respektive Dalen under år 2014. Data på inflyttade personer 2014 erhölls från SPAR. Såväl brevet med inbjudan som enkäten var på både svenska och engelska. Antalet inflyttade år 2014 var 341 personer i Östbergahöjden och 320 personer i Dalen. Svarsfrekvensen efter två påminnelser blev totalt ca 12% i båda områdena, en mycket låg siffra.En analys av delgrupper av svarande indikerar att de som svarat kan anses vara representativa för de som har köpt en bostadsrätt eller fått en hyresrätt i respektive område. Priserna på bostäderna i Dalen och Östbergahöjden uppfattas som billiga och prisvärda. Det är den mest omnämnda orsaken för flytt till båda områdena. Man har kunnat köpa sin bostad eller köpa en större bostad. Man har i båda områdena i viss utsträckning flyttat från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt vilket talar för att områdena till del har fungerat som ett insteg på bostadsrättsmarknaden för de inflyttande.De svarande i båda områdena tillsammans bedömer att bostadsområdet de bodde i tidigare var tryggare, hade bättre rykte, att man hade bättre förtroende för grannar, att man tog mer hänsyn till varandra och att man höll mer rent och snyggt. Svaren per område visar att man i Östbergahöjden upplever att trygghet och områdets rykte är de faktorer där skillnaderna är störst och negativa jämfört med det bostadsområde där man bodde innan flytten.Att läget är centralt med goda kommunikationer och bra service är det näst mest omnämnda orsaken till varför man flyttat in, både för Dalen och Östbergahöjden. Andra ofta omnämnda orsaker till att flytta till Dalen är: ”nära natur, grönt”; ”trevligt område, fin arkitektur”; ”barnvänligt, bra skola, dagis ”samt att ”vänner, släkt har rekommenderat området”. Andra ofta nämnda orsaker att flytta till Östbergahöjden är att man ”flyttar ihop eller isär”; ”flyttat med släkt och familj” samt ”fick möjligheten; var tvungen”.Det bästa med att bo i både Dalen och Östberga är att områdena ligger nära Stockholms centrum. För Dalen omnämns också ”nära natur”; ”trevliga grannar, bra gemenskap”; ”trevligt område, ”fina innergårdar” samt ”bra lägenhet, stor lägenhet, billigt att bo”.Det mest omnämnda problemet med att bo i Östbergahöjden är ”anlagd brand”. Därefter kommer ”ungdomsgäng, knark, störande beteende, otryggt”, vilket också är de problem som omnämns mest i Dalen. I Dalen kommer därefter ”nedskräpning, dålig sophantering” samt ”dålig bostadskvalitet, planlösning, ljudisolering”.I Dalen upplever man att tex ungdomskriminaliteten minskat och att befolkningen håller på att gentrifieras. I Östbergahöjden fortsätter problemen med kriminalitet och bränder vilket oroar de boende. Östbergahöjden ser ut att lida större brist på socialt förtroende, gemenskap och samarbete än Dalen.
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- Hårleman, Maud, et al.
(författare)
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Significance of colour on room character : Study on dominantly reddish and greenish colours in north-respectively south - Facing rooms
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proc. Conf. Des. Emot.. - 9197507954 - 9789197507950
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we treat a study concerning room character due to colour appearance and spatial evaluation in different compass orientations. Rooms of the same colour, but observed in light from different compass orientation will appear differently; their identity colours will differ. The question now is if these circumstances are confined to colour impression or if they also cause a different room character. A study is made in Sweden in the Northern hemisphere in which two rooms, a north and a south-facing were used, Ninety subjects, evaluated and compared the experimental rooms, equal in all respects except quality of light in 118 empirical studies. The walls were coloured consecutively in six hues in two nuances; the inherent colours were six pinkish and five greenish, plus one yellowish and one bluish colour. Room character was described aided by semantic scales. Data were statistically processed using the SPSS 1 statistical program to analyse connections between spatial evaluation, inherent colour and compass orientation. NCS colour vocabulary was used. Finally, verbal descriptions with own words were used as a supplementary method to unfold nuances in response. The study show that differences in hue and nuance affect evaluation of room character. Subjects reacted distinctly different on pinkish and greenish rooms; they had separate colour connotations. Room compass orientation resulted in different evaluation through weakening or strengthening of associations linked to the colours by colour connotations.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Om kvalitet i Arkitektur
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presented report is a summary of the research program Quality in Architecture and Urban Planning. The aimed have been to develop concepts and theory regarding architecturalquality. ‘Quality’ is discussed by three different studies. The first is an analysis of quality criteriafor a Swedish architecture reward. Then architects’ views on quality management in the design processwere studied. The last study concerned debate on architecture in current daily press. Thechanging perspectives highlight the diversity of how ‘quality’ is perceived in the design and constructionprocess. The results are presented in five statements on ‘architectural quality’:1) The use of the concept can appear unclear and confusing,2) ‘Quality’ is an open and evaluating concept,3) The concept reflects a divide between architects and their customers,4) It is a value laden concept, as are the criteria used by professional practitioners judging the builtenvironment and5) Normative critique of architectures is based upon an external model, while interpreting critique isbased upon internal experience.
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- KARIMNIA, ELAHE, 1980-
(författare)
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Producing Publicness : Investigating the Dialectics of Unintended Consequences in Urban Design - Practices in Stockholm and Malmö
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The creation of public space is intended to contribute to the civic infrastructure of a city. The conventional dichotomy of intentions versus outcomes in urban design practice posits that, while intentions represent more abstract thinking about the various facets of publicness, outcomes are the manifest realizations of those intentions in public spaces. This study grounds itself in an exploration of this intention-outcome gap to examine how urban design facilitates the production of publicness, by means of which public spaces can enable appropriations, i.e., the practices of togetherness, encounters, and expressions of different publics. Analysing the appropriations as unintended consequences is about the planning and design process, by which publicness is produced through larger strategies; and, the process of use, by which publicness is socially experienced and contested.This research applies a comparative case study approach, as examples of brownfield developments and producing ‘city-like’ (stadsmässighet) urban environments in two practices in Sweden: the Liljeholmstorget Transit Hub in Stockholm and the Western Harbour Waterfront in Malmö. The Liljeholmstorget examines negotiations of land uses and trade-offs with private actors, and its publicness addresses informal togetherness and passive encounters in relation to collective routines of commuting and consumption. The Western Harbour Waterfront reveals a determined process to promote the city’s economic growth and image; planned for the well-being of a specific type of public, which was later contested by unexpected users and their unplanned expressions.Comparative analysis demonstrates appropriations as welcome phenomena in urban design because they emphasize the dynamic and contingent characteristics of publicness.
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| 12. |
- Klingborg, Kerstin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Studying Social Capital in Housing Neighborhoods, does Tenure matter?
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As in Sweden in general, the municipality owns a large share of the rental multi-family housing stock through its’ housing companies. At present tenants are offered the possibility to buy the houses or the real estate units, from the municipal housing companies, in the form of tenant-owners associations. This extensive process of conversion of tenure will have major influence on the Stockholm housing market, also in respects such as the relationships between residents and between residents and the society’s institutions. The aim of our study is to analyze whether social capital, here in forms of trust and reciprocal norms as well as the resulting collective action and conflicts, changes with conversing tenure. Our hypothesis is that changes will occur and that the tenure form ‘tenant-owner’s association’ will imply residents’ stronger participation in decision processes than in rental tenure, which in turn should increase the social capital among residents. On the other hand, factors like increased mobility, due to the opportunity to sell the apartment, or conflicts that may occur between residents who choose to continue renting their apartment and the tenant-owner’s association- can lead to a negative influence on social capital. The data are collected through telephone interviews with residents at two occasions: spring 2008 and spring 2010. Ten buildings in five suburban neighborhoods are chosen for the study, five of which will be, as is indicated right now, owned by tenant-owners associations and five that will continue to be owned by the municipal housing companies. This paper analyzes the results of 350 interviews during spring 2008. Methods used are cross tabulations with Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, factor and regression analyses. Results indicate that residents forming tenant-owners associations in order to buy their dwellings have more trust in neighbors in the neighborhood and politicians at local and municipality levels but less trust in the housing company and the neighborhood police than residents that will continue renting their dwellings. Also indicated are local versions of social capital that do not seem to be related to the conversion process.
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- Kweyunga, Salome, 1951-
(författare)
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Tradition and Modernity in the Domestic Urban Kitchen Design in Uganda : A case of Kampala
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the design of modern domestic urban kitchens in Uganda. The research took place in Kampala, which is the capital city of Uganda. The cultural make up of Kampala residents is diverse; people come from all over the country of Uganda, as well as beyond. The fieldwork involved investigating daily practices taking place in the domestic urban kitchens of the middle income group. This has been done in order to find out the problems found in using the kitchens so that better designs may be suggested. The thesis addresses mostly, professionals such as architects, who are involved with planning and designing housing, specifically kitchens within them. This work can as well be useful to another country with a similar context to Uganda. It is worth mentioning that kitchen studies started to take place in developed countries about one hundred years ago, yet, they have never been initiated in Uganda, until this moment. The thesis indicates that a kitchen is an important part in a home, which is a busy area, thus demanding a lot of attention in order to be able to get the needed design requirements. While the findings of the thesis are based on the contemporary urban life in Uganda, it is not known what the future will hold; so suggestions are made to benefit contemporary needs.Practices in the urban kitchen have been investigated within the conceptual framework of tradition, modernity, culture and identity in connection with the kitchen designs in place. The research has been motivated by contradictions appearing to take place between modern kitchen designs and the actual practices taking place in them. Generally, the evolution of the kitchen design in some of the developed nations followed the trend parallel to developments in lifestyles, industrialization or women’s emancipation. Kitchen studies made in developing nations have investigated the particular contexts within those nations. So this thesis fills the knowledge gap which exists, as such studies are nonexistent within the Ugandan context.The study is qualitative by engaging the case study methodology. Here, the case is the interaction between the household, the kitchen design, the activities in the kitchen and the house type in place. Interviews have been conducted with household members in the studied cases, as well as with key informants. The main areas of study have been the way food is prepared, cooked and stored in an urban kitchen, and how these activities take place in a mixed situation of tradition and modernity. Seven cases in total have been investigated. The results indicate disharmony between the designs in place and the activities that take place in them. People have to negotiate and reinterpret spaces in their kitchens and around them in order to meet their needs.Some of the most important outcomes from this research is not to let modernity be disruptive but rather to allow the change from tradition be gradual. The thesis endeavors to blend the two phenomena of tradition and modernity so as to create a balance in design and end with better functioning kitchens. One example of such is shown for a one family house on a plot.
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| 14. |
- Magembe-Mushi, Dawah Lulu, 1972-
(författare)
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Resettling Displaced Residents from Regularized Settlements in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania : The case of Community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP)
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research seeks to examine the process of displacement and resettlement of residents who had been affected by regularization process within Manzese and Buguruni wards in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. It aimed at analyzing the issues and opportunities faced by the affected residents during regularization. The regularization which involves two processes, tenure and physical upgrading has been extensively used in solving problems associated with unplanned and informal settlements within developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It’s a process used to bring informal and unauthorized settlements into the legal, official and administrative structures of land management as well as improving the living conditions of its dwellers. In Tanzania, whereby more than 80 per cent of its urban residents live in informal settlement, the process had been practiced in order to provide basic services such as access roads, storm water drainages, street lights, water supply and public toilets within informal and unplanned settlements. Compared to previous strategies for upgrading such as slum clearance and site and services and squatter upgrading, regularization had been considered to bring positive results. The main concern of this research is physical regularization which was implemented through Community Infrastructure Upgrading Project (CIUP) within sixteen settlements in Dar es Salaam city. During its implementation, about twenty households of tenants and house owners were displaced. This research being explorative focused on understanding the process of displacement and resettlement by using qualitative method. This was done through narrations of traced and found six tenants and four house owners within the affected settlements of Mnazi Mmoja, Mnyamani and Madenge settlements. It applied case study strategy whereby the settlements made the main case study areas and the individual displaced residents became sub cases. Experiences before, during and after displacement and resettlement were narrated by using in-depth interviews. The selected settlements were obtained through criteria sampling whereby the individual displaced residents were found by using snow balling approach. Also resettlement issues and opportunities faced by displaced tenants and house owners were analyzed and the emerging patterns of issues and opportunities were identified. The issues include loss of access to common facilities, homelessness, marginalization and social disarticulation, family disintegration and joblessness. The opportunities include improved facilities, expansion of human competence and social opportunities, enhanced capabilities and improved social services. It was also realized that the issues suffered and opportunities accrued by house owners were different from that of tenants. The research examined the process of displacement and resettlement through policy and legal frameworks which guided the regularization. It also used the justice and collaborative theories in formulating concepts for data collection, analysis and discussing the results. During the discussions it was realized that there were emerging gaps in the process as it was indicated within the experiences of individual cases. These gaps include that of lack of real participation and democracy, insufficient knowledge on compensation level, insufficient community participation especially with the affected tenants. The research provides an indicative knowledge on regularization process which can further be used in improving the planning process.
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| 15. |
- Mushumbusi, Medard Zephyrin
(författare)
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Formal and Informal Practices for Affordable Urban housing : Case study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis attempts to ascertain the magnitude of the urban housingproblem in Tanzania and endeavours to evaluate the strategies that thegovernment has been employing to address this problem. Informal andformal practices in urban housing are compared. The role of networksand power relations are explored and discussed in relation to how theymay facilitate the provision of urban housing. By looking at urbanhousing from a governance perspective, the thesis explores thepotentials for delivery of urban housing A case study is carried out, looking at the housingpractices in urban areas from the perspective of actors and theirinstitutional domains of action. The aim is to ascertain the extent towhich the government, through its policies and through engagement ofother actors, could facilitate the supply of urban housing. The roles ofdifferent actors in the delivery and regulation of urban housing areinvestigated in the process of institutionalizing housing production. The study comprises eight chapters. The first twochapters present an introduction and the conceptual and theoreticalunderpinnings on which the research is based. Chapter three discusseshousing strategies in Tanzania and attempts to evaluate the regulatoryframework within which urban housing is provided. Chapter fourpresents the research methodology. Chapter five discusses findingsfrom the studied documents and findings from interviews with keypersons in the government and in the construction industry. Chaptersix presents findings from the case study areas. Chapter sevendiscusses findings from case study areas and uses findings fromchapter five as corroborating evidence. Chapter eight givesrecommendations including areas for further research. The main outcome of the study is that urban housing isstill far from being satisfactory despite different strategies and landand governance reforms by the government of Tanzania. The formalsystem is weak and the roles of key public actors are still bureaucratic,blurred and sometimes conflicting. As a result, there is littleparticipation of private actors and the civil society in the production ofurban housing. The thesis has found out that informal practices forurban housing tend to complement the weakening capacity of theformal system. However, the thesis argues that although the informalsystem of governance for urban housing is consolidating it proceedswithout being properly guided. Based on these findings, somerecommendations are given for policy intervention, and some areas forfurther/ future research are identified.
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| 16. |
- Noureddine Tag-Eldeen, Zeinab, 1960-
(författare)
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Cross-cultural knowledge development : the case of collaboraitve planning in Egypt
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Planning has lent legitimacy to the development of society through the application of different theories and practices. With its embodied concepts and values, planning influences the direction of change that a society may achieve. Given the great role that planning plays in shaping societies over long periods of time, in situations where it is planning knowledge that is subject to travel between nations, consideration of the context specificity is particularity essential. This thesis deals with the complex process of transferring collaborative planning knowledge to a different institutional and cultural context. The research adopts a proactive approach, examining the practical and theoretical potential imbued in a new context. It is argued, in this work, that an exogenous planning model has to be re-contextualized and landed in a new context through its assimilation with that context’s history and cultural values. The research focuses on Egypt and is directed towards understanding the specificities of the Egyptian institutional context and the cultural values inherited from the history of Egyptian society. The author’s interest lies in addressing the ways in which such an understanding can contribute to the development of collaborative planning knowledge. The research strategy is designed with reference to the cross-cultural transfer of knowledge and the study utilises an action research approach through which the author plays the dual role of practitioner and action researcher. Implementing collaborative planning in the Egyptian urban context of the city of Zifta provided a valuable opportunity to understand how planning knowledge may be transferred between different cultural contexts. The intellectual foundations for the collaborative principle is scrutinised, and complemented by an examination of Egyptian social philosophy. A conceptual framework for the joint development of knowledge in cross-cultural planning research is put forward, which derives from a combination of the practical and theoretical investigations carried out.
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| 17. |
- Omolo-Okalebo, Fredrick, et al.
(författare)
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Planning of Kampala City 1903—1962 : The Planning Ideas, Values, and Their Physical Expression
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Planning History. - Moon Township, PA : Society for American City and Regional Planning History, Sage Publications. - 1538-5132 .- 1552-6585. ; 9:3, s. 151-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The historical association between the planning of Kampala city and colonialism is unquestioned. The empirical observation indicates that the spatial structure of Kampala is partly a unique product of European colonial planning—their inherent ideas and principles. Scholars and analysts have largely ignored this important aspect in the assessment of planning of Kampala. This article attempts to fill the knowledge gap on the historical planning ideas and how the ideas were implemented in Kampala’s urban space. Through a descriptive and exploratory approach, and by review and deduction of archival and documentary resources, this article suggests two major factors including inter alia, the discovery of malaria and the germ theory, the need to reproduce ‘‘European type space’’ in Kampala affected planning and consequently, the urban structure of Kampala city in the first half of the twentieth century.
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| 18. |
- Omolo-Okalebo, Fredrick
(författare)
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The evolution of Town Planning Ideas, Plans and their Implementation in Kampala City 1903-2004
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through a descriptive and exploratory approach, and by review and deduction of archival and documentary resources, supplemented by empirical evidence from case studies, this thesis traces, analyses and describes the historic trajectory of planning events in Kampala City, Uganda, since the inception of modern town planning in 1903, and runs through the various planning episodes of 1912, 1919, 1930, 1951, 1972 and 1994. The planning ideas at interplay in each planning period and their expression in planning schemes vis-à-vis spatial outcomes form the major focus. The study results show the existence of two distinct landscapes; Mengo for the Native Baganda peoples and Kampala for the Europeans, a dualism that existed for much of the period before 1968. Modern town planning was particularly applied to the colonial city while the native city grew with little attempts to planning. Four main ideas are identified as having informed planning and transformed Kampala – first, the utopian ideals of the century; secondly, “the mosquito theory” and the general health concern and fear of catching „native‟ diseases – malaria and plague; thirdly, racial segregation and fourth, an influx of migrant labour into Kampala City, and attempts to meet an expanding urban need in the immediate post war years and after independence in 1962 saw the transfer and/or the transposition of the modernist and in particular, of the new towns planning ideas – which were particularly expressed in the plans of 1963-1968 by the United Nations Planning Mission. The post-independence era also saw the various ideas articulated under traditional land use and zoning practices especially expressed in the 1972 and 1994 plans. While a great deal of planning work has been done in both the colonial and postcolonial eras, findings on ground show that almost all planning ideas expressed in the colonial planning schemes of Kampala City in 1912, 1919, 1930 and 1951 have had physical impact on the spatial structure of Kampala City compared to any period after independence. The postcolonial era experienced little application and implementation of the planning ideas and plans. This is attributed to several factors including: governance issues, lack of financial resources and manpower, the complicated land tenure systems emerging from 1900 Buganda agreement, lack of political commitment, and importation of foreign models without reorienting them to the local context, and so forth. The study concludes by highlighting some of the reflections and the implications for future planning, considerations which perhaps may be useful for the planners of tomorrow and may influence the development of planning policy and perhaps „new‟ planning approaches.
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| 20. |
- Sandström, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Homes Evaluated.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Open House International. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Thiessen, Zara, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för ett framtida säkert boende : - Kunskapsöversikt och utvecklingstendenser beträffande boendets olycks- och hälsorisker
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förekomsten av skador och olyckor i bostäder är en stor kostnad för samhället och ger upphov till mycket lidande. Arbetslivets olyckfalls- och ohälsorisker är ett sedan länge uppmärksammat forskningsområde, medan olycksfall och hälsorisker i anslutning till hemmet undersökts betydligt i betydligt mindre utsträckning. Projektets syfte är att göra en kunskapsöversikt över dagens och morgondagens olycks- och hälsorisker i boendet, som ett första steg i fortsatt forskning på området. Studien behandlar också vilka tendenser inom boende och byggande som kan tänkas påverka utvecklingen av olycksfall och hälsorisker. Perspektivet sträcker sig mot år 2020. De metoder som använts är en litteraturstudie, för att visa i vilken utsträckning olika ämnen har belysts och vilka utvecklingstendenser som kan förväntas, samt halvstrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner, för att belysa olika aktörers syn på utvecklingen. Projektet gäller personrelaterade fysiska olycks- och hälsorisker i boendet. Fyra delteman har undersökts; 1) Hur kommer man att bygga i framtiden?, 2) Vad finns i bostaden?- inredning och utrustning, 3) De boendes preferenser och aktiviteter i bostaden samt 4) Den politiska styrningen av byggandet. Beträffande byggandets utveckling är energisparandet, som leder till att vi bygger tätare och mer välisolerat, en tydlig trend. Mer eller mindre oprövad teknik påverkar traditionellt byggda, redan befintliga bostäder liksom nyproducerade bostäder. Målet att åstadkomma en hälsosam inomhusmiljö har prioriterats ned till förmån för energivinster som uppfyller politiskt och ekonomiskt starkt förankrade mål. Mot bakgrund av klimatförändringen mot allt våtare och varmare väder är detta ett växande problem. Det finns ett mycket stort behov av renoveringar i det befintliga bostadsbeståndet. Lösningar i form av industrialiserat och standardiserat byggande är svårare att genomföra här än i nyproduktion, vilket gör renovering dyrt. Den ekonomiska och politiska utvecklingen kan leda till ett starkt polariserat boende, där vissa områden har betydligt sämre standard än andra. Nanoteknologin kan tänkas få ett stort genomslag, om den kommer att användas i många produkter till konsumenter. Här finns en allmän brist på kunskap om sådana materials miljö- och hälsorisker, men man vet att partiklarna kan passera igenom kroppsvävnader. Den åldrande befolkningens krav och behov ska tillgodoses i det befintliga bostadsbeståndet. Fallolyckor är ett stort hot mot svagare äldre och dessa olyckor orsakas ofta av inredningens utformning. Dessutom utgör de äldres bostäder arbetsplats för hemvårdens personal, vilket inte reglerats hittills i Boverkets eller Arbetsmiljöverkets anvisningar för utformning för arbete i bostadsmiljö. Utvecklingstendensen mot ökande användning av datorkommunikation i äldrevården innehåller en målkonflikt mellan individens integritet kontra övervakning. Boendes preferenser och aktiviteter i bostaden omfattar många aspekter av boendet och livet. Det strandnära byggandet kommer troligen att ha en stark kundkrets också i framtiden, med de problem detta kan innebära i samband med förändringen mot ett våtare klimat. De mindre resursstarka på bostadsmarknaden kommer troligen att få ökande svårigheter att hitta en bostad de har råd med, i ett läge de önskar. Växande segregation, både socio- ekonomisk och etnisk, är en utvecklingslinje. Hälsoproblem och sociala problem är vanligare i bostadsområden med segregation och trångboddhet. Utvecklingen mot högre alkohol- och narkotikakonsumtion förstärker dessa problem, liksom de kan vara en följd av dem. Människor kan förväntas tillbringa mer tid i bostaden, de yngre p g a arbete hemifrån och med underhållnings- och kontaktbehov tillgodosedda genom Internet, de äldre för att man inte har förmåga eller anledning att ta sig ut. En sådan utveckling kan förstärka ohälsoproblemet övervikt, liksom depression p g a ensamhet. Livsstilsproblem är svårare att definiera och åtgärda än problem orsakade av fysisk utformning. Samhällets lagstiftning och reglerande verksamhet beträffande olyckor och ohälsa i allmänhet står inför stora förändringar. Tendenserna internationell anpassning, avreglering och decentralisering är genomgående, med en omfördelning av ansvar från samhället till individerna som följd. Det medför att många fler måste nås av säkerhetsinformation för att kunna ta detta ansvar. Omfördelningen av ansvar kommer att ställa höga krav på myndigheter och organisationer att samordna sina budskap och kommunicera dem till många. Att olika aktörer utan inbördes samordning formulerar och strävar efter mål kan leda till suboptimering. Att inträffade olyckor kostar en aktör något är ett starkt incitament för denne att förebygga att kostnaderna uppstår. Det förhållandet bör kunna användas i den förändrade ansvarsstrukturen, för att uppmuntra förebyggande arbete. Olyckor och ohälsa knutna till bostaden ses som vardagliga risker, vilket påverkar hur de värderas och behandlas. Både kunskapsöversikt och intervjuer ger ett intryck av att många i bostadsbranschen inte tänker på skaderisker för boende utöver vad som är reglerat i lagar och förordningar. Detta gäller också de boende själva. Så länge inget händer tänker man inte på vilka olycksrisker som faktiskt finns. Slutsatser; • En stor mängd olyckor inträffar i eller i anslutning till bostaden, men hemmet ses som en trygg plats • Detta blir framför allt tydligt vid jämförelse med de krav som ställs på arbetsmiljöer • Ansvaret för olycksfall och ohälsorisker i bostaden är splittrat på många aktörer • Säkerheten för de boende ses sällan som en fråga för bostadsbranschens egna initiativ eller utvecklingsverksamhet • Intervjuade myndigheter och organisationer efterlyser en samordnad riskvärdering på politisk nivå, för att höja frågan • Det behövs en helhetssyn på faktorer som påverkar olycksfall och ohälsa, samt på insatser för att förändra dem Kunskapsbehoven är stora när det gäller förebyggande av olyckor i bostaden, liksom beträffande vissa hälsorisker; • Hur ska äldres bostäder med små medel anpassas till skiftande behov, hur kan äldre få information om skaderisker innan olyckan hänt, hur kan de ansvariga för den dagliga vården i hemmet och för sjukvården dra nytta av varandras erfarenheter? • Studier av vad informationsinsatser betyder för individers förmåga att själva skydda sig mot olycksfall kan ge underlag för bättre kommunikation av viktig information • Det saknas kunskap om påverkansfaktorer för olyckor i bostaden. Undersökningar av olycksförlopp kan tillföra mycket nyttig kunskap för att förebygga olycka • Hur ska byggbranschen påverkas för att ta in kunskap om hälsorisker i boendet och omsätta den i mer hälsosamma byggnader? • Sambandet mellan berusningsmedel och olyckor i bostaden behöver belysas, liksom förgiftningsfallen • Jämförande studier av övriga EU-länders strategier för att förebygga skador, särskilt ifråga om fallolyckor, blir allt mer aktuella
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| 23. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Boendeattityder till miljö- och kretsloppsanpassning : Drivkrafter och motkrafter i olika upplåtelseformer
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish political goals on environmental issues are set at a high standard and fulfilling them will affect the everyday life of all residents. Voluntary self-restraint from benefits in housing services is hard to implement. This is an empirical study on actual habits and on stated willingness for pro-environmental practices, related to different forms of tenure.Incentives and perceived control are important for predicting actions. Administrative and physical structures are more significant though, as are the households’ resources. Well–off homeowners have many incentives to conserve energy and water. They also have the highest frequency of pro-environmental behaviour. Still they cause the heaviest environmental impact, due to large dwellings and abundant car use. Households in multifamily housing have fewer incentives and lower frequencies of pro-environmental habits, but cause less environmental impact due to generally lower consumption.The results are of interest to planning authorities, housing managers and researchers, working with the implementation of pro-environmental behaviour in housing.
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| 24. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Bostadskvalitet idag : en utvärdering av nybyggda bostäder, ur kundens synvinkel
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUKTION Bakgrund Syfte Kunskapsläget METOD Angreppssätt och avgränsning Intervjuer Observationer Expertbedömning av planer och inredning Urval Totalurvalet - läge, storlek och lägenhetssammansättning De undersökta projekten och intervjuade hushåll RESULTAT Bakgrund till bostadsvalet Överlåtelse och tillval Husets gemensamma funktioner Utemiljön Utsikt och insyn Parkering Posthantering Förråd Sophantering Tvättstuga och träfflokaler Bostadens tekniska egenskaper Temperatur Luftkvalitet och ventilation Ljudstörningar Rummen Köket Vardagsrummet Sovrum Hygienrum Förråd/klädkammare Entré Balkong eller terrass Bedömning av bostaden som helhet Ljus Öppenhet och genomblick Det bästa med bostaden Rumssamband och rummens storlek Expertbedömning av några bostadsexempel De boendes bedömning av samma bostäder Sammanfattning av resultaten Goda kvaliteter Kritiska punkter DISKUSSION OCH SLUTSATSER Konflikter mellan olika kvaliteter Förbättringsmöjligheter Bostadsutformningens utveckling
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| 25. |
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