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- Hongsaton Zackari, Karin
(author)
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Visualizing Impunity : Photography and State Violence in Thailand
- 2019
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In: The Trans Asia Photography Review. - 2158-2025. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper I discuss the challenge of visualising ongoing and repeated state violence and impunity in Thailand. Human rights activists commonly assume that photographs hold political power. This assumption can be doubted. Even if there are material traces of the violence, they cannot guarantee visibility, and, as Ariella Azoulay points out, photography of violence risks depoliticizing by equating the violation with the violated body rather than seeing the structures of violence. The very publicness of violence is part of the production of impunity in the Thai state through its modern history. This is an ongoing practice and there is no archive of a past authoritarian regime to expose in a historical trial. Often there are no photographs at all of what happened or the consequences of it. What can photography do in the absence of photography of an event of violence? In this paper I study a series of staged photographs produced by Thailand based photographer Luke Duggleby and the human rights NGO Protection International. The series is called “For those who died trying” and it covers thirty-five cases from all over Thailand of rights-activists that have been killed or forcibly disappeared, followed by impunity. I analyse the photographs in relation to global and Thai photographic practices and activist uses of photography, and investigate their role in the knowledge production about violence and impunity. Bordering the line between photography as a historical record and as a material basis for memory, I argue that through aesthetic repetition connections are created between the cases, between the persons in the photograph and the Thai state, and between the individual instances of violence and a history of impunity in Thailand.
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- Zackari, Karin H.
(author)
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Photography in the history of the 14 October 1973 and the 6 October 1976 events in Thailand
- 2021
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In: South East Asia Research. - 0967-828X. ; 29:1, s. 32-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article offers an analysis of the role that photography plays in the history and memory of the two political events in Thailand known as 14 October 1973 and 6 October 1976. Both events were violent and took place in public, in front of the press and cameras. The events were connected, but the records of them have been treated very differently. This difference is particularly clear in the representation of violence. Photographs contribute to the dominant narrative of 14 October as a struggle for democracy and justice, albeit within a nationalist discourse that obscures and abstracts state violence. After two initial decades of invisibility and silence, photographs from 6 October have become a repository in a human rights discourse that focuses on individual redress for violence and impunity. To understand the role of photography in history, attention must be given to the conditions for archiving and dissemination, as well as to lacunae in the photographic records–to what is missing. Furthermore, thinking beyond the photographic frame and of photography as an event over time and space can direct attention towards the power relations that dictate the photographed event, as well as the moments of encounter with the photographs.
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- Zackari, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Konstitutioner och konflikter om mänskliga rättigheter i Thailands moderna politiska historia
- 2018. - 1
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In: Mänskliga rättigheter i samhället. - 9789186980702 ; , s. 211-231
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utifrån det moderna Thailands historia problematiseras föreställningen om konstitutionen som en garant för rättigheter. I Thailand har konstitutionen utgjort ett otillräckligt verktyg och ibland rentav ett hinder för att institutionalisera mänskliga rättigheter. Kapitlet åskådliggör hur de mänskliga rättigheternas historia i Thailand är sammanlänkad med en historia om statskupper, auktoritära regimer, kamp för demokrati och konflikter om demokratins gränser. Historien präglas också av religiösa föreställningar och praktiker, som placerar den konstitutionella monarkin över politiken. Denna föreställt opolitiska politiska ordning brukar sammanfattas som Demokrati på thailändskt vis (Thai Style Democracy) och har under lång tid kraftigt försvårat möjligheterna att institutionalisera de mänskliga rättigheterna i landet. Samtidigt har striden för mänskliga rättigheter varit en del av de pågående konflikterna kring konstitutionen och demokratin under hela den undersökta perioden.
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- Zackari, Karin
(author)
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Political Power of Photography: The Materiality of 14 and 6 October
- 2017
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In: ; , s. 213-213
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents a study of the role that photography of 14 October 1973 and 6 October 1976 has played in political mobilization around the two events. It is well known that in official archives limited versions of the events can be found. We must turn to alternative repositories (private homes, nonstates organisations, but also universities and libraries outside of Thailand) to find the anticipated nuances in the history of the two events. This paper shows how narrations of the two events have been formed in magazines, newspapers, and books using the photographs. It suggests that the archives and the published photographs become agents in themselves that draw in people to engage in a political legacy. Academics and activists who, for various reasons, have reproduced these photographs, tend to treat them as evidence of historical events. However, the people engaging with the photographs become heirs not only to a cause but to the materiality of the October events. This paper shows that political power in photography is connected to reproduction, dissemination, and the places where they can be found or lost.
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- Zackari, Karin
(author)
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Writing Rights into Thailand's History with Photography
- 2015
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In: Warasan Prawattisat Thammasat /Thammasat Journal of History. - 2408-0829. ; 2:1, s. 201-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photography is a recognized medium to spread information about atrocities and to raise awareness about human rights issues. Photography is also widely used by political actors and social move- ments to construct an image of themselves and their causes. The political potential of photography is closely connected to the role of the visual in the public. The language of photography is at the same time symbolic and factual, making it a problematic material in the study of history. Photography can further be sites of both per- sonal and collective memory, with the image belonging to the spec- tators and never only to the intent of the photographer, the photo- graphed or the disseminator of images. The visual media gives the spectator a sense of immediate access to different times and spaces, opening up for the possibility to connect events that in written his- tory might be disconnected. Visual tropes, such as gendered roles, dichotomy of enemy and heroes, and collective belonging, make photography a brick in the construction of comprehensive histories. This is a study of how photography from different political events in Thailand’s history is used in writing history within a human rights paradigm. The study begins in early 1970s when social movements on a broad political scale in Thailand adopted the language of human rights and also began to use photography to a larger extent than before in writing their own history.
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