| 1. |
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Coloniality and Decolonisation in the Nordic region
- 2023
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This book advances critical discussions about what coloniality, decoloniality and decolonization mean and imply in the Nordic region. It brings together analysis of complex realities from the perspectives of the Nordic peoples, a region that are often overlooked in current research, and explores the processes of decolonization that are taking place in this region. The book offers a variety of perspectives that engage with issues such as Islamic feminism and the progressive left; racialization and agency among Muslim youths; indigenizing distance language education for Sami; extractivism and resistance among the Sami; the Nordic international development endeavour through education; Swedish TV-reporting on Venezuela; creolizing subjectivities across Roma and non-Roma worlds and hierarchies; and the whitewashing and sanitization of decoloniality in the Nordic region. As such, this book extends much of the productive dialogue that has recently occurred internationally in decolonial thinking but also in the areas of critical race theory, whiteness studies, and postcolonial studies to concrete and critical problems in the Nordic region. This should make the book of considerable interest to scholars of history of ideas, anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, international development studies, legal sociology and (intercultural) philosophy with an interest in coloniality and decolonial social change.
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| 2. |
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Migration, Civil Society and Global Governance
- 2019. - 1
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do the United Nations, international organizations, governments, corporate actors and a wide variety of civil society organizations and regional and global trade unions perceive the root causes of migration, global inequality and options for sustainable development? This is one of the most pertinent political questions of the 21st century.This comprehensive collection examines the development of an emerging global governance on migration with the focus on spaces, roles, strategies and alliance-making of a composite transnational civil society engaged in issues of rights and the protection of migrants and their families. It reveals the need to strengthen networking and convergence among movements that adopt different entry points to the same struggle, from fighting ‘managed’ migration to contesting corporate control of food and land. The authors examine the opportunities and challenges faced by civil society in its endeavour to promote a rights-based approach within international and intergovernmental fora engaged in setting up a global compact for the management of migration, such as the Global Forum for Migration and Development, and in other global policy spaces.This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Globalizations.
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| 3. |
- Likić-Brborić, Branka, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Labour rights as human rights? : trajectories in the global governance of migration
- 2015. - 1
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In: Migration, precarity, and global governance. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198728863 ; , s. 223-244
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter Branka Likić-Brborić addresses the emerging global governance of migration. She scrutinizes the structuring of human and labour rights discourses and contingencies for their institutionalisation and implementation by discussing their prospects for the promotion of global social justice. Issues of accountability and contingencies for the implementation of labour and human rights as migrants’ rights are discussed in the wider context of the existing global governance architecture. The chapter questions assumptions that setting up a workable model for codification and institutionalisation of labour standards, human rights and migrants’ rights could be left to a currently asymmetric global governance regime or to a variety of codes of corporate social responsibility. Global and regional trade union confederations and other civil society organizations have an essential role in repositioning a rights-based approach to migration, labour standards and development onto the terrain of a just globalisation.
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| 4. |
- Otto, Opira
(author)
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Trust, identity and beer : institutional arrangements for agricultural labour in Isunga village in Kiryandongo district, midwestern Uganda
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores the role and influence of institutions on agricultural labour transactions in Isunga village in Kiryandongo District, Midwestern Uganda. It primarily focuses on how farmers structure, maintain and enforce their labour relationships during crop farming. The study is based on semi-structured interviews of twenty households and unstructured interviews with representatives of farmers associations. These interviews show that other than household labour, the other common labour arrangements in the village include farm work sharing, labour exchanges and casual wage labour. Farm work sharing and labour exchanges involve farmers temporarily pooling their labour into work groups to complete tasks such as planting, weeding or harvesting crops on members' farms in succession. This is done under strict rules and rewarded with 'good' beer and food. Against this background, the study asks what institutions really are, why they matter and what we can learn about them. Literature suggests that institutions influence labour transactions by their effects on transaction costs and the protection of contractual rights. However, literature does not suggest which institutions are best for agricultural labour transactions. Taking institutions to be the 'rules of the game', with farmers as 'players' who strategically use these rules to their advantage, the study focused on the interaction between institutions and farmers. The major findings of the study are: (a) farmers' choices of institutions are influenced by the characteristics of transactions, the costs of using institutions for handling labour dealings, the fairness and predictability of the outcome of contract enforcement mechanisms, and socio-cultural factors such as kin/ethnic status, morality and affection, (b) formal institutions in Isunga are either weak, ineffective or absent. So, farmers rely heavily on institutions embedded in social norms and networks to structure their transactional relationships, to ensure the performance of the respective parties, and to settle disputes if they arise. The study concludes that agricultural labour transactions in Isunga involve judgements of personal characteristics and social roles expressed as reputation and trustworthiness.
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| 5. |
- Hård, Ursula, et al.
(author)
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Kvinnors företagande : arbetsmarknadsbeteende och organisatorisk lösning
- 2007
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I dagens Sverige lyfts ofta småföretag och entreprenörer fram. Företagandet diskuteras dock ofta separat från både arbetsmarknad och övriga näringslivet. Därmed negligeras att individer växlar mellan att vara sin egen och ha anställning, det vill säga att företagandet ofta är ett sätt för individen att navigera på arbetsmarknaden snarare än drivet av en stark önskan att vara sin egen. Inte heller uppmärksammas att små företag ofta startas och drivs som en direkt konsekvens av stora organisationers strategier - det vill säga företagandet är en organisatorisk lösning på en stor organisations problem, inte uttryck för en individs starka vilja att vara sin egen. I studien ges exempel på företagande av dessa slag. Det första exemplet bygger på Ursula Hårds studier av kvinnor som följt en starta-eget-kurs i en norrlandskommun och det andra på Malin Tillmars studier av företagande i anslutning till den offentliga sektorns omvandling. Det första fallet är ett exempel på företagande som arbetsmarknadsbeteende, det sistnämnda på företagande som organisatorisk lösning. Företagandet som skapat, och skapare av, genussystemet är tydligt i fallen och diskuteras i studien.
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| 6. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(author)
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Introduction : The World-Historical Imagination
- 2011
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In: Journal of World-Systems Research. - Riverside, Calif. : Institute for Research on World-Systems. - 1076-156X. ; 17:1, s. 1-3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article is the editor's introduction to the special issue of the Journal of World-Systems Research, entitled The World-Historical Imagination: Giovanni Arrighi's The Long Twentieth Century in Prospect and Retrospect.
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| 7. |
- Leopold, Lennart, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Förord
- 2009
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In: Leopold, Lennart, Ström, Eva (red.). Det var ingen tjusande idyll. - Stockholm : Atlantis. - 9789173533065 ; , s. 9-12, s. 3-, s. 6-7
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
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Contending Global Apartheid : Transversal Solidarities and Politics of Possibility
- 2023
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contending Global Apartheid: Transversal Solidarities and Politics of Possibility spells out a plea for utopia in a crisis-ridden 21st century of unequal development, exclusionary citizenship, and forced migrations. The volume offers a collection of critical essays on human rights movements, sanctuary spaces, and the emplacement of antiracist conviviality in cities across North and South America, Europe, and Africa. Each intervention proceeds from the idea that cities may accommodate both a humanistic sensibility and a radical potential for social transformation. The figure of the 'migrant' is pivotal. It expounds the prospect of transversal solidarity to capture a plurality of commonalities and to abjure dichotomies between in-group and out-group, the national and the international, or society and institutions.
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| 9. |
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Politics of precarity : migrant conditions, struggles and experiences
- 2016
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Politics of Precarity: Migrant Conditions, Struggles and Experiences, edited by Carl-Ulrik Schierup and Martin Bak Jørgensen, the contributing authors look into precarity. Precarity has become a buzzword in as well academia as among activist. The book depicts precarity as being both a condition and a mobilizing force for resistance. The volume asks questions that investigate conditions and resistance across diverse cases such as first generation urbanites in China, migrant pensioners and unemployed youth in Sweden and Spain, refugees in Germany, irregular and regular migrants in Southern Europe, Turkey, Russia the United States and South Africa.Readership - Politics of Precarity is of interest for students and scholars within migration studies, sociology, social anthropology and political economy as well as people interested in the effects of neoliberalism.Table of contents1. From ‘Social Exclusion’ to ‘Precarity’. The Becoming Migrant of Labour. An IntroductionCarl-Ulrik Schierup and Martin Bak Jørgensen2. A Geneology of Precarity: A Toolbox for Rearticulating Fragmented Social Realities in and out of the WorkplaceMaribel Casas-Cortés3. The Precariat strikes back – precarity struggles in practiceMartin Bak Jørgensen4. The Precariat: A View from the SouthRonaldo Munck5. Turkey’s new precariat: Differentiated vulnerability and new alliancesNazli Senses6. Multiplex migration and axes of precarization: Swedish retirement migrants to Spain and their service providersAnna Gavanas and Ines Calzada7. Employment in crisis: Cyprus and the extension of precarityGregoris Ioannou8. Regulating Illegal Work in China: Immigration Law and Precarious Migrant StatusMimi Zou9. Running into nowhere: Educational migration in Beijing and the conundrum of social and existential mobilitySusanne Bregnbæk10. Necropolitics and the Migrant as a Political Subject of Disgust: The Precarious Everyday of Russia’s Labour MigrantsJohn Round and Irina Kuznetsova-Morenko11. Mobile commons and/in precarious spaces: Mapping migrant struggles and social resistanceNicos Trimikliniotis, Dimitris Parsanoglou & Vassilis Tsianos12. The Working Class and the city as Political Platform in New YorkPeter Schultz Jørgensen13. Under the Rainbow: Precarity and People Power in Post-Apartheid South Africa Carl-Ulrik Schierup
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Tengblad, Stefan, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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The struggle for industrial democracy in Sweden : A sociological macro-meso analysis 1960–2020
- 2024
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In: Economic and Industrial Democracy. - : Sage Publications. - 0143-831X .- 1461-7099.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has the reputation of being one of the most progressive countries in the world concerning work-life development and industrial democracy. In this article, an analytical overview of the development in these areas is provided, which includes the antecedents, major events, actor positioning and also the broad-term outcomes. Two major reform movements are described: one aiming to create a radically different work-life where workers control their own work with a power balance between labour and capital, and one a reformist movement aiming to create a degree of co-determination and a more engaging work-life without any major changes in power relations. The case shows that the radical movement was not able to generate radical change and that the reformistic movement achieved only partial success. The outcome over time has been a decreased interest in work-life development where co-determination practices are heavily institutionalized but perhaps do not provide better conditions for workers than in many other advanced industrial countries with a lesser degree of formal co-determination.
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| 13. |
- Hultman, Johan, et al.
(author)
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A Resourcification Manifesto: Understanding the Social Process of Resources Becoming Resources
- 2021
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 50:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In times of major global interconnectedness and environmental change, the pressure to identify, create, and exploit new resources is certain to intensify. Given that there are unavoidable trade-offs, conflicts, and arenas for violence involved when increasingly more material and immaterial things are turned into resources, we call for explicit research on the very process – a process that we label resourcification. The concept of resourcification shifts attention from essentialist queries about the nature of resources to a focus on the social processes through which things are turned into resources. In search of a better understanding of resources in the Anthropocene and, in particular, an understanding about the way resources emerge and are used, resourcification offers a new conceptual framework that allows for a systematic search for knowledge about the diversity of contexts, conditions, modes, and temporalities of resourcification. This Resourcification Manifesto offers a theoretical and empirical framework for a radical and disruptive approach to innovation, sustainability, and management studies and policies.
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| 14. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(author)
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Environmental crises and the metabolic rift in world-historical perspective
- 2000
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In: Organization & environment. - 1086-0266 .- 1552-7417. ; 13:2, s. 123-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article proposes a new theoretical framework to study the dialectic of capital and nature over the longue durée of world capitalism. The author proposes that today’s global ecological crisis has its roots in the transition to capitalism during the long sixteenth century. The emergence of capitalism marked not only a decisive shift in the arenas of politics, economy, and society, but a fundamental reorganization of world ecology, characterized by a “metabolic rift,” a progressively deepening rupture in the nutrient cycling between the country and the city. Building upon the historical political economy of Marx, Foster, Arrighi, and Wallerstein, the author proposes a new research agenda organized around the concept of systemic cycles of agro-ecological transformation. This agenda aims at discerning the ways in which capitalism’s relationship to nature developed discontinuously over time as recurrent ecological crises have formed a decisive moment of world capitalist crisis, forcing successive waves of restructuring over long historical time.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Onufrey, Ksenia
(author)
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Enabled by the past : understanding endogenous innovation in mature industries
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mature industries have played and still play a crucial role in national and world economies. To survive and retain competitiveness, they need to innovate, as innovation is the driver of economics growth and industrial transformation. However, existing research does not provide sufficient explanation of how innovation in mature industries can be enabled based on resources and internal development logic of those industries, i.e. endogenously. Some previous studies focused on incremental innovation patterns, which led to an underestimation of innovation potential of mature industries. Other studies acknowledged a high innovation potential of mature industries, but failed to explain how, through what mechanisms, industry-endogenous logic can bring about major innovations.Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to systematically address, explain and conceptualize endogenous industry- innovation and its driving mechanisms in mature industries. To achieve this purpose, three main issues are addressed. First, the thesis investigates and conceptualizes the notion of industry endogenous innovation mechanisms based on the path dependency theory. Second, the thesis addresses strategic choices and actions by established companies that are rooted in the industry endogenous mechanisms and result in highly innovative outcomes. Third, the thesis systematically analyses different aspects of radicalness of innovations resulting from industry endogenous mechanisms.The thesis represents a qualitative, embedded case study with two main industry cases, i.e. the global lighting industry and the Swedish pulp and paper industry. The lighting industry and its sub-cases in the form of specific lighting technologies have been studied via the analysis of patents of leading lighting manufacturers, archival and secondary data sources as well as interviews with different types of actors in the industry. The pulp and paper industry and its sub-cases in the form of innovation initiatives have been studied with the help of interviews with leading manufacturers and research institutes, as well the analysis of annual reports and secondary data sources. The outcomes of the study are presented in the form of the thesis cover paper and five appended papers.The results show that innovations of any magnitude can be endogenously developed in mature industries. At the industry level, endogenous innovation is driven by innovation mechanisms that can be conceptualized as reactive sequences and self-reinforcing mechanisms. At the level of individual companies, the exploitation strategy corresponds to the logic of endogenous innovation mechanisms by enabling highly innovative outcomes and building on a wide range of resources available in the industry. The endogenous character of innovation mechanisms imposes certain limitations on the radicalness of the outcomes in the form of trade-offs in terms of how many and what particular aspects can be radically new at once.With these results, the thesis contributes to a more balanced overall understanding of innovation potential of mature industries and allows shifting the focus of discussion from whether mature industries can develop radical innovation to when and under what conditions they can succeed in this process. The results of the thesis also suggest several recommendations for managers in established companies with regard to how they can they can take advantage of industry endogenous innovation mechanisms.
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Wages, Income Distribution and Economic Growth: Long-Run Perspectives in Scandinavia, 1900-2010
- 2021
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In: Review of Political Economy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-8259 .- 1465-3982. ; 33:4, s. 725-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article views analysis of the influence of capital-labour income distribution on economic growth from a historical perspective, using data from 1900 onwards. We study the three Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, where conventional accounts of the postwar growth miracles in these small, open economies have emphasized the role of wage restraint, favouring profits and investment over consumption. Instead, we show that the 1950s and 1960s saw growing wage shares, and use the Bhaduri-Marglin model to econometrically analyse the effects on consumption, investment, exports and imports and the total effects on GDP. Furthermore, we estimate the effects of wage pressure on labour productivity. Growing wage shares have had a small positive effect on GDP growth in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, and the positive effect was larger in the postwar period than in other times. However, the positive growth effects of wage pressure were modest as the demand was only weakly wage-led. In contrast, supply side effects were large. Labour productivity was stimulated by vigorous wage increases, as argued by the Swedish Rehn-Meidner model as well as by post-Keynesian economists. The present investigation opens several further avenues for research on the distribution-growth nexus.
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| 18. |
- Biegańska, Jadwiga, et al.
(author)
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From policy to misery? The State Agricultural Farms vs. 'the rural'
- 2019
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In: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan. - 2082-2103 .- 2081-6383 .- 0137-477X. ; 38:4, s. 77-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1989 was a turning point within the socio-economic development in the former Eastern bloc, initiating a system transformation that affected the society at large. It also contributed to the crystallisation of certain cultural landscapes, hitherto largely illegible due to the inhibition of spatial processes encountered during Communism. In Poland, after a quarter-century of free market economy, the focus on social problems began to expand to the spatial realm as well. It became apparent that the progressive social polarisation that followed was most prominent in environments striated by a particular landscape type – the former State Agricultural Farm (PGR). Considering PGRs “the epitome of rurality” subject to ideas informing the direction of contemporary “rural development” prompts a different way of looking at the problem. In this paper, we investigate the concept of rurality in the discursive tenor of implemented policy and contrast it with contextualised empirical examples. Our findings suggest that efficient policy should be confronted with the expectations of residents at the local level, while introducing top-down actions usually ends in failure as in the case of post-PGR estates.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Eriksson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Do Employers Use Unemployment as a Sorting Criterion When Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment
- 2014
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In: The American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 104:3, s. 1014-1039
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stigma associated with long-term unemployment spells could create large inefficiencies in labor markets. While the existing literature points toward large stigma effects, it has proven difficult to estimate causal relationships. Using data from a field experiment, we find that long-term unemployment spells in the past do not matter for employers' hiring decisions, suggesting that subsequent work experience eliminate this negative signal. Nor do employers treat contemporary short-term unemployment spells differently, suggesting that they understand that worker/firm matching takes time. However, employers attach a negative value to contemporary unemployment spells lasting at least nine months, providing evidence of stigma effects.
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| 21. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Outsourcing and backsourcing in a time of crisis – experiences of double opportunism
- 2024
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In: International Review of Public Administration. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1229-4659 .- 2331-7795. ; 29:2, s. 102-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article addresses the question of how public organizations with limited capacity manage to handle large scale crises. The case analyzed in this article is the sourcing of accommodation during the migration crisis in Sweden of 2015–2016. The event was a game-changer in Swedish migration policy following a more hesitant policy than before, even though new and substantial migration crisis have followed since then. Results show how the legal framework for procurements was not adapted for extraordinary events. The Swedish state was forced to pay exaggerated prices as private contractors took advantage of the acute demand. The study develops our theoretical understanding of the sourcing process during crises and show how the short-term perspective and uncertainties that characterize crises encourage both suppliers and procurers of services to act opportunistically.
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| 22. |
- Bergström, Ola, 1968
(author)
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Statens förändrade roll vid omställning efter större nedläggningar – En analys utifrån ett historiskt och internationellt perspektiv
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sammanfattning Statens roll i samband med omställning efter stora nedläggningar och neddragningar har förändrats de senaste femtio åren. Vilken roll staten ska ta i framtiden är inte självklart. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa: • hur har statens roll i samband med omställning förändrats över tid? • hur hanteras omställning i andra europeiska länder? • hur det svenska omställningssystemet kan anpassas till nya utmaningar som globalisering, ny teknologi och klimatförändringar? Hur har statens roll i samband med omställning förändrats? En central iakttagelse är att statens roll i samband med omställning successivt har omvandlats till att understödja och komplettera omställningsåtgärder som finansieras och organiseras av arbetsmarknadens parter. Genom kollektivavtal har arbetsmarknadens parter skapat självständiga trygghetsråd som erbjuder olika former av stöd till anställda som förlorat jobbet. Arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder har utformats med hänsyn till parternas omställningsavtal, samtidigt som parterna har uppmanats av staten att skapa överenskommelser inom nya områden som inte täckts av parternas avtal. Statens roll har således förändrats i riktning mot att understödja, komplettera och samverka med parternas olika åtgärder för omställning. Det finns flera möjliga förklaringar till denna utveckling. EU-medlemskapets begränsningar av statens handlingsutrymme i samband med näringslivets omställning är en viktig förklaring. En annan möjlig förklaring är strukturomvandlingens förändrade karaktär där allt fler företag har erfarenhet av att säga upp anställda samtidigt som uppsägningar inte uppfattas som en krissituation på samma sätt som tidigare, utan som en möjlighet att omlokalisera arbetskraften till mer produktiva företag. Det har även blivit vanligare att tjänstebaserade eller kunskapsintensiva företag gör nedskärningar vilket medfört ett ökat behov av skräddarsydda omställningsinsatser för högkvalificerad arbetskraft, något decentraliserade omställningsorganisationer tycks kunna leverera på ett mer ändamålsenligt sätt än statliga aktörer. Hur hanteras omställning i andra europeiska länder? En internationell jämförelse visar att svensk omställningspolitik är unik. Inget annat land har en omställningspolitik med ett lika tydligt fokus på att erbjuda stöd till uppsagda för att komma till en ny sysselsättning. Även det faktum att arbetsmarknadens parter har en så betydande roll ter sig unikt. Jämförelsen visar att länder skiljer sig åt med avseende på hur mycket och på vilket sätt staten investerar i olika former av åtgärder för att understödja företagens anpassning samt för uppsagda att ta sig till ett nytt arbete. Det framkommer även att det finns fördelar och nackdelar med olika typer av åtgärder och att andra länder använder åtgärder som inte varit så vanliga i Sverige i och med stora nedläggningar och neddragningar. Det handlar exempelvis om lönesänkningar, tidigarelagd pensionering och korttidsarbete. Samtidigt finns det vissa länder där statens insatser för att hantera konsekvenser av företagens nedskärningar är mycket begränsade. Det finns även exempel på länder där statens insatser framförallt är inriktade mot att bevara existerande industristrukturer. I flera länder pågår dock, liksom i Sverige, en process mot ökad decentralisering av omställningspolitiken och en ökad involvering av arbetsmarknadens parter. Det finns inget givet svar på vilket som är det bästa sättet att bedriva omställningspolitik. Detta eftersom politiken är beroende av dominerande aktörers målsättningar, historiska händelser och landets ekonomiska struktur. Om omställningspolitiken ska förändras i någon riktning bör man således ta hänsyn till dessa förutsättningar. Vad innebär EU:s reformerade globaliseringsfond? Villkoren för att EU-länder ska kunna söka stöd till uppsagda från den Europeiska fonden för justering för globaliseringseffekters (EGF eller globaliseringsfonden) håller på att ändras. Under den kommande budgetperioden 2021–2027 kommer det troligtvis att krävas att länder kan visa att en neddragning eller nedläggning orsakats av globalisering, införande av ny teknologi, såsom automatisering eller digitalisering eller omställning till ett fossilfritt samhälle. Stöd från EGF kommer, på samma sätt som idag, även att förutsätta att den svenska regeringen godkänner ansökan och medfinansierar delar av de åtgärder som man söker medel för. Det blir därför upp till staten att avgöra vilka uppsägningstillfällen som ska vara berättigade till stöd samt vilken typ av åtgärder som staten ska medfinansiera. Vår analys visar att det finns flera svårigheter förknippade med att urskilja orsakerna till ett företags beslut att säga upp medarbetare eller lägga ned en verksamhet. Orsakssambanden är ofta komplexa och det förekommer att flera faktorer samverkar. Att fördela statliga medel till uppsagda med utgångspunkt från, på förhand definierade orsaker, kan därför anses vara vanskligt. Därmed inte sagt att det inte finns tillfällen då staten kan urskilja att det är lämpligt att ansöka om medel från EGF. En möjlig linje skulle vara att Sverige endast söka medel från EGF om en nedläggning eller neddragning kan anses vara en direkt följd av EU:s politik. I den mån stöd från EGF kan kombineras med det omställningsstöd som erbjuds i partsgemensamma kollektivavtal bör sådant stöd kunna beviljas. Samtidigt är de åtgärder som kan finansieras genom EGF inte alltid effektiva och det kan finnas behov av andra statliga åtgärder för att hantera näringslivets omställningsbehov. EGF-stödet är till exempel inte utformat för att hantera omedelbara och tillfälliga omvandlingstryck i form av produktionsstopp eller efterfrågeminskningar till följd av extrema väderförhållanden eller pandemier. Vägval för svensk omställningspolitik Studien pekar på flera möjliga framtida handlingsalternativ för omställningspolitiken. En återgång till 1970-talets omställningspolitik förefaller inte vara varken möjlig eller önskvärd. Ett alternativ är däremot att staten fortsätter ha en relativt begränsad roll och där merparten åtgärder organiseras och finansieras av arbetsmarknadens parter. Strategins framgång är dock beroende av hur relationerna mellan arbetsmarknadens parter utvecklas. Ett annat alternativ är att staten i större utsträckning än idag förlitar sig på marknadsmekanismer och lämnar över ansvaret till privata aktörer, liksom i andra länder. Med tanke på omställningspolitikens centrala roll för näringslivets konkurrenskraft, tillväxt och välfärdens utveckling, förefaller ett fullständigt överlämnande av omställningspolitiken medföra stora risker. Stora grupper av företag och anställda skulle exempelvis kunna lämnas utan stöd i samband med större kriser. Ytterligare ett alternativ är att stärka statens roll som kompletterande aktör. Staten skulle då få ett utökat ansvar att säkerställa tillgången till relevanta åtgärder i de fall andra aktörer inte erbjuder det. Detta för att öka landets produktivitet, samhällets välstånd och en stabil tillväxt. Statens roll skulle då vara att skapa en balans mellan, och komplettera, de åtgärder som erbjuds inom ramen för partsgemensamma avtal och de åtgärder som exempelvis erbjuds inom ramen för EU:s globaliseringsfond. Baserat på den historiska analysen, genomgången av forskningslitteraturen samt den internationella utblicken är vår slutsats att det svenska omställningssystemet fungerar relativt bra. Det finns således ingen uppenbar anledning att ändra den nuvarande modellen där en stor del av omställningsinsatserna arrangeras och finansieras av arbetsmarknadens parter. Staten bör fortsätta att understödja samverkan mellan parterna inom områden där åtgärder saknas eller där arbetsmarknadens parter ännu inte skapat partsgemensamma lösningar. Det kan till exempel röra sig om insatser i branscher eller sektorer där arbetsmarknadens parter inte har träffat omställningsavtal. Som redan nämnts bör den svenska regeringen även överväga möjligheten att medverka till stöd från EGF under vissa förutsättningar, till exempel i samband med nedläggningar och större neddragningar som är tydligt associerade med EU-kommissionens beslut vad gäller till exempel handel, ekonomiska sanktioner och klimatomställning. En annan fråga för politiker att ta ställning till i framtiden är hur statens insatser i samband med omställning ska organiseras. I nuläget är statens ansvar för åtgärder i samband med omställning utspritt på flera myndigheter.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Funke, Michael, 1966-
(author)
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Från tidningsannonser till sponsrade länkar : den svenska reklamens utveckling
- 2013
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In: Entreprenörskap och varumärken. - Möklinta : Gidlunds förlag. ; , s. 87-106
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Artikeln åskådliggör den moderna svenska reklamens historiska utveckling och förklarar den utifrån interaktionen mellan marknads- och innovationsutveckling, nya reklamkoncept och påverkan från samhällsdebatt och regleringar.
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| 25. |
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Local Development and Creative Industries. Empirical, methodological and theoretical reflections.
- 2011
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This book presents a wide range of approaches of the study of local development and creative industries. Seven authors´ presents a volume organized in three parts. Part I offers empirical studies on a growing experience economy, and also heritage, design and Factor 10 as a resource for development. Part II offers a methodological study on narrative as a force for company development. This part also offers reflections on interactive knowledge and however development is a prerequisite on localization, regionalization and globalization, neo-institutionalism and symbolic aspects of policy.
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