| 1. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 2. |
- Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Phonetic Characteristics of Domestic Cat Vocalisations
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 5-6
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cat (Felis catus, Linneaus 1758) has lived around or with humans for at least 10,000 years, and is now one of the most popular pets of the world with more than 600 millionindividuals. Domestic cats have developed a more extensive, variable and complex vocal repertoire than most other members of the Carnivora, which may be explained by their social organisation, their nocturnal activity and the long period of association between mother and young. Still, we know surprisingly little about the phonetic characteristics of these sounds, and about the interaction between cats and humans.Members of the research project Melody in human–cat communication (Meowsic) investigate the prosodic characteristics of cat vocalisations as well as the communication between human and cat. The first step includes a categorisation of cat vocalisations. In the next step it will be investigated how humans perceive the vocal signals of domestic cats. This paper presents an outline of the project which has only recently started.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, 1979-
(author)
-
Spectral Mammography with X-Ray Optics and a Photon-Counting Detector
- 2009
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Early detection is vital to successfully treating breast cancer, and mammography screening is the most efficient and wide-spread method to reach this goal. Imaging low-contrast targets, while minimizing the radiation exposure to a large population is, however, a major challenge. Optimizing the image quality per unit radiation dose is therefore essential. In this thesis, two optimization schemes with respect to x-ray photon energy have been investigated: filtering the incident spectrum with refractive x-ray optics (spectral shaping), and utilizing the transmitted spectrum with energy-resolved photon-counting detectors (spectral imaging). Two types of x-ray lenses were experimentally characterized, and modeled using ray tracing, field propagation, and geometrical optics. Spectral shaping reduced dose approximately 20% compared to an absorption-filtered reference system with the same signal-to-noise ratio, scan time, and spatial resolution. In addition, a focusing pre-object collimator based on the same type of optics reduced divergence of the radiation and improved photon economy by about 50%. A photon-counting silicon detector was investigated in terms of energy resolution and its feasibility for spectral imaging. Contrast-enhanced tumor imaging with a system based on the detector was characterized and optimized with a model that took anatomical noise into account. Improvement in an ideal-observer detectability index by a factor of 2 to 8 over that obtained by conventional absorption imaging was found for different levels of anatomical noise and breast density. Increased conspicuity was confirmed by experiment. Further, the model was extended to include imaging of unenhanced lesions. Detectability of microcalcifications increased no more than a few percent, whereas the ability to detect large tumors might improve on the order of 50% despite the low attenuation difference between glandular and cancerous tissue. It is clear that inclusion of anatomical noise and imaging task in spectral optimization may yield completely different results than an analysis based solely on quantum noise.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Petersson, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Off the record: The invisibility work of doctors in a patient-accessible electronic health record information service.
- 2021
-
In: Sociology of health & illness. - : Wiley. - 1467-9566 .- 0141-9889. ; 43:5, s. 1270-1285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we draw on Michael Lipsky's work on street-level bureaucrats and discretion to analyse a real case setting comprising an interview study of 30 Swedish doctors regarding their experiences of changes in clinical work following patients being given access to medical records information online. We introduce the notion of invisibility work to capture how doctors exercise discretion to preserve the invisibility of their work, in contrast to the well-established notion of invisible work, which denotes work made invisible by parties other than those performing it. We discuss three main forms of invisibility work in relation to records: omitting information, cryptic writing and parallel note writing. We argue that invisibility work is a way for doctors to resolve professional tensions arising from the political decision to provide patients with online access to record information. Although invisibility work is understood by doctors as a solution to government-initiated visibility, we highlight how it can create difficulties for doctors concerning accountability towards patients, peers and authorities.
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| 7. |
- Liljenström, Hans, et al.
(author)
-
Scoping Report on Socio-Economic and Land Use Dynamics in the Stockholm-Mälar Region
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This scoping report for the COMPLEX work package 4 (WP4) on Socio-Economic and Land Use Dynamics in the Stockholm-Mälar Region has several objectives. The first is to present and outline the state-of-the-art, including a literature review, with regard to complex pathways to a low carbon society, with special relevance to the Stockholm-Mälar region. It will do so in a larger context of complex socio-natural systems, with an emphasis on a green economy, bioen-ergy and land use, as well as on societal transformation and behavioural change. Another objec-tive is to inform primarily our partners in COMPLEX, but also others who might be interested, including stakeholders in our study region. Perhaps the most important objective with this re-port is to provide a basis for the collaborative work within our work package, and with our col-leagues elsewhere. In this second revised version of the report, we have extended some parts, and shortened others, depending on suggestions and interesting new information. A part of this new information has come from a stakeholder workshop held in Sigtuna in early 2014, which to a great extent could contribute to a more elaborate analysis of stakeholder and policy maker positions. In addition, there is now a more extensive description of relevant land use modelling. The illustrations included in this report are extracted from scientific articles and other material that we are referring to. Their origin is explicitly cited but no copyright authorization has been requested, while this report is intended primarily for internal spread and use within the COM-PLEX consortium and its networks.
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| 8. |
- Groth, Sanne Krogh, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction : Negotiating Noise Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines
- 2021
-
In: Negotiating Noise : Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines - Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines. - : The Sound Environment Centre at Lund University. - 9789198711707 - 9789198711714 ; 19:19, s. 15-33
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Lindborg, PerMagnus, 1968-
(author)
-
A taxonomy of sound sources in restaurants
-
In: Applied Acoustics. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Restaurants are complex environments where all our senses are engaged. Physical and psychoacoustic factors have been shown to be associated with perceived environmental quality in restaurants. More or less designable sound sources such as background music, voices, and kitchen noises are believed to be important in relation to the overall perception of the soundscape. Previous research publications have suggested typologies and other structured descriptions of sound sources for some environmental contexts, such as urban parks and offices, but there is no detailed account that is relevant to restaurants. While existing classification schemes might be extendable, an empirical approach was taken in the present work. We collected on-site data in 40 restaurants (n = 393), including perceptual ratings, free-form annotations of characteristic sounds and whether they were liked or not, and free-form descriptive words for the environment as a whole. The annotations were subjected to analysis using a cladistic approach and yielded a multi-level taxonomy of perceived sound sources in restaurants. Ten different classification taxa were evaluated by comparing the respondents' Liking of sound sources, by categories defined in the taxonomy, and their Pleasantness rating of the environment as a whole. Correlation analysis revealed that a four-level clade was efficient and outperformed alternatives. Internal validation of the Pleasantness construct was made through separate ratings (n = 7) of on-site free-form descriptions of the environment. External validation was made with ratings from a separate listening experiment (n = 48). The two validations demonstrated that the four-level Sound Sources in Restaurants (SSR) clade had good construct validity and external robustness. Analysis of the data revealed two findings. Voice-related characteristic sounds including a ‘people’ specifier were more liked than those without such a specifier (d = 0.14 SD), possibly due to an emotional crossmodal association mechanism. Liking of characteristic sounds differed between the first and last annotations that the respondents had made (d = 0.21 SD), which might be due to an initially positive bias being countered by exposure to a task inducing a mode of critical listening. We believe that the SSR taxonomy will be useful for field research and simulation design. The empirical findings might inform theory, specifically research charting the perception of sound sources in multimodal environments.
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| 10. |
- Keshavarz, Mahmoud, et al.
(author)
-
Orientations of Europe : Boats, the Mediterranean Sea and the Materialities of Contemporary Mobility Regimes
- 2018
-
In: Borderlands e-journal. - Sydney, NSW, Australia : Borderlands. - 1447-0810. ; 17:2, s. 1-27
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is an investigation of how the specific design and materiality of the artefact of the boat, as well as the various material, visual, technical and geographical practices at work in the space of Mediterranean Sea, orientate a specific space and produce a selective politics of seeing, saving and framing of bodies on the move. It highlights how the very presence and movement of ‘unseaworthy boats’ in this actively orientated space of the sea brings to the fore the many strategies and techniques that have been employed to make it a space of European control. We argue that this is an active and deadly orientation carried out in an often dispersed number of practices and interventions within a seemingly flat space of water. The paper concludes that border transgressors’ act of moving by boat, with all of the losses involved, both challenge and potentially reorientate European mobility regimes.
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| 11. |
- Masterton, Malin, 1979-, et al.
(editor, creator_code:cre_t)
-
ORU2015 Örebro University Research Evaluation 2015 : Evaluation Report
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ORU2015 – Executive SummaryDuring 2015, all research performed from 2008 to 2014 at Örebro University, as well as research at Örebro University Hospital, has been evaluated. This report – ORU2015 – presents the background, planning and implementation of the research assessment and its results. Chapter I includes the panel evaluations, and chapter II presents the bibliometric data. Of the 38 subunits of evaluation, 8 are within the Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, 17 are within the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7 within the Faculty of Medicine and Health, and 6 at Region Örebro County’s University Hospital. The evaluation had a meta-analytical approach (see Annex A), and the external multidisciplinary panel assessed the research in each subunit of evaluation (see Annex B). The panel’s evaluation material consisted of a research overview, documentation on academic staff and competence, as well as on funding, self-evaluations and bibliometric data. The self-evaluations by each subunit addressed (i) scientific quality and scientific impact, (ii) impact and outreach, (iii) internationalisation, and (iv) research – education interaction. Each overarching evaluation unit was also assessed, including a SWOT analysis, by the respective heads of schools and deans. Apart from the self-evaluations, the material was retrieved from the university databases, Web of Science and Academic Archive Online (DiVA). The subunits had the opportunity to update their research information for the research overview prior to making the material available to the panel. The fourteen panellists, representing economics, natural sciences and technology, humanities, social sciences, medicine and health sciences, met for two days in October at Örebro University for the evaluation discussions. The agreed evaluation statements were delivered shortly thereafter. The great variability in the subunits’ scientific practices, scale, and establishment had to be accounted for in the panel evaluations. The evaluation subunits range from very large (up to 60 researchers), to medium sized (about 20 researchers), and to quite small subunits (fewer than nine researchers). The points of reference for the panel’s statements were the (i) quality of research, (ii) research environment and infrastructure, (iii) scientific and social interaction and (iv) future potential. Gradings ranged between Excellent (5) and Insufficient (1). The key data in the bibliometric assessment was scientific impact, vitality, productivity and international visibility, as indicated by the publications of each subunit. It can be seen from the panel statement of a subunit and the matching bibliometric data that these two assessments correspond to a large extent, but not completely.It is concluded from the panel evaluation that there are Excellent (5), Very Good (4), Good (3), Sufficient (2), as well as Insufficient (1) subunits at the university. A majority of the fourteen subunits that performed well (grade 3 – 5) are medium-sized, whilst the majority of the sixteen weakly performing subunits (grade 1 – 2) are small in size. Of course, for the humanities and social sciences, the Web of Science data only contains output to a limited degree. Therefore data from DiVA has been used and compared as well. For some subunits this makes a difference, but of the 16 subunits that show a weak performance according to Web of Science data, ten also perform weakly as shown in DiVA. Only three of these subunits score Good and one Very Good in DiVA.It can be seen from ORU2015 that the research volume, especially expressed in scientific publications per year and citations, has roughly doubled since ÖRE2010. In 2014, the total number of publications in Web of Science by researchers at the university and the university hospital reached some 600 and the number of citations were 14,000 the same year. The ‘findings’ of ORU2015 provide an important basis for decisions by leaders at all levels of the university in terms of strategic planning, support, and development of the research for the future.
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| 12. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
-
The Price of Precaution and the Ethics of Risk
- 2011
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since a couple of decades, the notion of a precautionary principle plays a central and increasingly influential role in international as well as national policy and regulation regarding the environment and the use of technology. Urging society to take action in the face of potential risks of human activities in these areas, the recent focus on climate change has further sharpened the importance of this idea. However, the idea of a precautionary principle has also been problematised and criticised by scientists, scholars and policy activists, and been accused of almost every intellectual sin imaginable: unclarity, impracticality, arbitrariness and moral as well as political unsoundness. In that light, the very idea of precaution as an ideal for policy making rather comes out as a dead end. On the basis of these contrasting starting points, Christian Munthe undertakes an innovative, in-depth philosophical analysis of what the idea of a precautionary principle is and should be about. A novel theory of the ethics of imposing risks is developed and used as a foundation for defending the idea of precaution in environmental and technological policy making against its critics, while at the same time avoiding a number of identified flaws. The theory is shown to have far-reaching consequences for areas such as bio-, information- and nuclear technology, and global environmental policy in areas such as climate change. The author argues that, while the price we pay for precaution must not be too high, we have to be prepared to pay it in order to act ethically defensible. A number of practical suggestions for precautionary regulation and policy making are made on the basis of this, and some challenges to basic ethical theory as well as consumerist societies, the global political order and liberal democracy are identified
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
-
Smart City Governance - AI Ethics in a Spatial Context : Select papers from 2021/2022
- 2022
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- This brief anthology presents the basics of the interdisciplinary course called “Smart City Governance – AI Ethics in a Spatial Context”, given at Lund University. Furthermore, it includes three papers and a task written by students from the class of 2021/2022 in order to show examples of the topics possible to analyse when combining engineering students from programmes on data, ICT and land surveying with students from the humanities or social sciences.Head of course is Stefan Larsson, Associate Professor at the Department of Technology and Society at LTH, Lund University. As a socio-legal scholar and lawyer at a faculty of engineering, he leads a group studying governance and issues of trust and transparency with autonomous and AI-driven technologies in domains ranging from the public sector to consumer markets, medicine and social robotics.Laetitia Tanqueray is a Teaching Assistant on this course, and canvas coordinator. Laetitia holds bachelors’ in English Law and French Law and a master’s in Sociology of Law. She is a project assistant at the Department of Technology and Society at LTH, Lund University, investigating questions related to socio-legal robotics.
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| 14. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
-
Precaution and Ethics: Handling risks, uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the regulation of new biotechnologies
- 2017
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This volume outlines and analyses ethical issues actualized by applying a precautionary approach to the regulation of new biotechnologies. It presents a novel way of categorizing and comparing biotechnologies from a precautionary standpoint. Based on this, it addresses underlying philosophical problems regarding the ethical assessment of decision-making under uncertainty and ignorance, and discusses how risks and possible benefits of such technologies should be balanced from an ethical standpoint. It argues on conceptual and ethical grounds for a technology neutral regulation as well as for a regulation that not only checks new technologies but also requires old, inferior ones to be phased out. It demonstrates how difficult ethical issues regarding the extent and ambition of precautionary policies need to be handled by such a regulation, and presents an overarching framework for doing so.
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| 15. |
- Pardalis, Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
Swedish House Owners’ Intentions Towards Renovations : Is there a Market for One-Stop-Shop?
- 2019
-
In: Buildings. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 9:7, s. 1-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we examine factors aecting owners’ intention for renovation of their detached houses. Furthermore, we analyze their interest in choosing a one-stop-shop (OSS) service for the renovation, even though such a concept is not yet established in Sweden, but emerging in other parts of Europe. Our study is based on responses to an online questionnaire survey of 971 house owners residing in Kronoberg Region in Sweden. About 76% of the respondents intend to renovate in the near future, with approximately 71% of them preferring to renovate individual components of their dwelling and 5% to renovate their whole house in steps. House owners of younger age, higher income, higher education, and those with an interest for environmental issues, were the ones most interested in physical renovations, which improves energy efficiency of the building. For those house owners, one-stop-shop can facilitate the decision-making process, and help them to choose those measures that will improve their quality of life. Approximately 20% of the respondents had a positive view towards an one-stop-shop, which is an indicator that market for such a service exists. Parameters such as quality of work, cost and energy savings and specification of measures to be adopted are the key for the promotion of one-stop-shop. Additionally, house owners want to have a certain level of involvement in the selection of actors performing the renovation. Moreover, financial incentives, e.g., loans, do not play a significant role for the selection of one-stop-shop, but act as complementary motive for house owners.
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| 16. |
- Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
- 2010
-
In: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 17. |
- Spik, Susanne, 1962-, et al.
(author)
-
Tánnak – här och nu : En förstudie om förutsättningar för att stärka samiska innovationsföretag
- 2020
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I början av 2000-talet tog Susanne Spik och Karin Kuoljok, båda renägare och renskötare i Sirges sameby, initiativ till ett projekt i samarbete med Luleå tekniska universitet ”Kvinna i sameby”. I samtalen i projektet föddes en dröm om att kunna spåra och följa renar på nätet. Susanne och Karin inledde ett samarbete med forskare inom genus och teknik och informations- och kommunikationsteknologi (IKT) med mål att ta fram ett kommunikationsnätverk anpassat till fjällmiljön baserat på nätverkstekniken Delayed Tolerant Networking, DTN. För att kunna vidareutveckla ett renspårningssystem anpassat till den nya nätverksmiljön och den samiska renskötselns förutsättningar startade Susanne och Karin företaget, Tánnak AB. Företaget blev en tidig föregångare i att utveckla en produkt som kombinerade informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) med traditionell ekologisk kunskap (TEK). Förenklat kan TEK sägas vara kunskap om den nära naturomgivningen och hur den hållbart kan utnyttjas. TEK har vuxit fram främst hos människor som varit beroende av naturresurser de hade i sin närhet. Kunskapen skiftar över tid och följer förändringar i både traditioner och naturförhållanden. Kunskapen förs vanligtvis vidare muntligt och i praktiskt arbete. Susanne och Karins intresse för att ta fram produkten föddes utifrån sina egna erfarenheter och behov som renskötare och kvinnor, men också med en önskan om att underlätta för den yngre generationen att kunna fortsätta bedriva renskötsel och leva ett bra liv. Behovet var formulerat utifrån deras erfarenheter och syftade till att kunna utveckla och förnya renskötseln. En del i detta var att också få ner driftskostnaderna och att minska miljöpåverkan. Deras ursprungliga företag har idag övergått till företaget Tánnak International AB som marknadsför spårningssystemet för även andra områden än renskötseln. Tánnak International AB bygger vidare på den produkt som Susanne och Karin tog fram utifrån sina kunskaper om både renskötsel och markerna. Idag är dock Susanne och Karin inte längre majoritetsägare i företaget och renspårningssystemet saknar formellt patent. Susanne Spik och Karin Kuoljok har idag inte ekonomiskt inflytande i nuvarande företaget Tánnak International AB. Denna förstudie bygger på ett samarbete med nuvarande ledning för Tánnak international AB, Bobby och Jim Carlsson och de ursprungliga innovatörerna till företaget, Karin Kuoljok och Susanne Spik och forskaren May-Britt Öhman. Förstudien är en del av forskningsprojektet Dálkke – urfolksperspektiv på klimatförändringar, inom ramen för delområdet som rör samisk innovation och klimatförändringar. Förstudien syftar till att initiera en process att undersöka förutsättningarna i svenska Sápmi för samiska innovation och att fördjupa företagets kunnande om urfolk och mänskliga rättigheter. I denna process ingår att lyfta fram de ursprungliga innovatörernas grundidéer och deras produkt som en samisk innovation. På så sätt kan Tánnak International stärka sitt varumärke genom att profilera sig som ett samiskt innovationsföretag som kombinerar ny teknik med traditionell ekologisk kunskap. Certifieringar och märkningar kan vägleda konsumenter och underlätta för företag i att profilera sin produkt. Finns det behov av att certifiera samiska innovationsföretag? För att kunna undersöka förutsättningarna för att ta fram ett certifieringssystem för samiska innovationsföretag behövs en kartläggning av vilka certifieringar och märkningar som finns och hur dessa fungerar i svenska Sápmi idag.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Isacson, Åsa, 1983, et al.
(author)
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The use of digital layers in post-growth communities - an exploratory study
- 2023
-
In: Proceedings for the 6th International Conference on Smart Villages and Rural Development (COSVARD 2023). - 9780734057150
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The pursuit of infinite growth on a planet with finite resources is leading to a failure in achieving global sustainable transition goals. The concept of Degrowth or 'post-growth' has emerged as a counter-movement advocating for alternative approaches focused on living within resource constraints. Within this context, small-scale communities with post-growth orientations are particularly interesting, as they actively explore their own alternative development models. These communities have potential to act as decentralised laboratories for radical change, translating Degrowth/post-growth theory into actionable practices. This paper examines how the operational tools have changed for post-growth communities since 2004 (Web 2.0). Through in-depth interviews with tech-savvy representatives in this field, the study explores the potential of "new" technologies to empower post-growth communities.
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| 20. |
- Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Tropospheric correction for InSAR using interpolated ECMWF data and GPS zenith total delay from the Southern California Integrated GPS Network
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Proceedings DVD-ROM. - 9781424495665 ; , s. 4503-4506
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A tropospheric correction method for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) was developed using profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The ECMWF data were interpolated into a finer grid with the Stretched Boundary Layer Model (SBLM) using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a horizontal resolution of 1 arcsecond. The output were converted into ZTD and combined with the GPS ZTD in order to achieve tropospheric correction maps utilizing both the high spatial resolution of the SBLM and the high accuracy of the GPS. These maps were evaluated for three InSAR images, with short temporal baselines (implying no surface deformation), from Envisat during 2006 on an area stretching northeast from the Los Angeles basin towards Death Valley.The RMS in the InSAR images was greatly reduced, up to 32%, when using the tropospheric corrections. Two of the residuals showed a constant gradient over the area, suggesting a remaining orbit error. This error was reduced by reprocessing the troposphere corrected InSAR images with the result of an overall RMS reduction of 15 − 68%.
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| 21. |
-
Challenge the past / diversify the future - proceedings
- 2015
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Challenge the Past / Diversify the Future is a multidisciplinary conference for scholars and practitioners who study the implementation and potential of visual and multi-sensory representations to challenge and diversify our understanding of history and culture. This volume contains an overview of all the presentations.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Linnéusson, Gary, et al.
(author)
-
In Need for Better Maintenance Cost Modelling to Support the Partnership with Manufacturing
- 2016. - 1
-
In: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319235967 - 9783319235974 ; , s. 263-282
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The problem of maintenance consequential costs has to be dealt with in manufacturing and is core of this paper. The need of sustainable partnership between manufacturing and maintenance is addressed. Stuck in a best practice thinking, applying negotiation as a method based on power statements in the service level agreement, the common best possible achievable goal is put on risk. Instead, it may enforce narrow minded sub optimized thinking even though not intended so. Unfortunately, the state of origin is not straightforward business. Present maintenance cost modelling is approached, however limits to its ability to address the dynamic complexity of production flows are acknowledged. The practical problem to deal with is units put together in production flows; in which downtime in any unit may or may not result in decreased throughput depending on its set up. In this environment accounting consequential costs is a conundrum and a way forward is suggested. One major aspect in the matter is the inevitable need of shift in mind, from perspective thinking in maintenance and manufacturing respectively towards shared perspectives, nourishing an advantageous sustainable partnership.
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| 24. |
- Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
High-rate local sea level monitoring with a GNSS-based tide gauge
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Proceedings DVD-ROM. - 9781424495665 ; , s. 3616-3619
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present first results from the analysis of high-rate observations with a GNSS-based tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory. The goal is to determine local sea level with high temporal resolution. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of right-hand circular polarized GNSS signals that are directly received and left-hand circular polarized GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental setup of the GNSS-based tide gauge was operated in the spring of 2010 and data were recorded with a sampling rate of 20 Hz.We analyzed data decimated to 1 Hz using different temporal resolution between 5 and 240 seconds, and the resulting time series of local sea level were compared to each other and to results from two stilling well gauges. The comparison with the data from the stilling well gauges shows a common trend.The comparison of the results from analyses with different temporal resolution show consistent results. There is also an indication that the GNSS-based tide gauge might be able to give information on the sea surface state.
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| 25. |
- Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Monitoring coastal sea level using reflected GNSS signals
- 2011
-
In: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 47:2, s. 213-220
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A continuous monitoring of coastal sea level changes is important for human society since it is predicted that up to 332 million people in coastal and low-lying areas will be directly affected by flooding from sea level rise by the end of the 21st century. The traditional way to observe sea level is using tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to improve the understanding of the sea level change processes it is necessary to separate the measurements into land surface height changes and sea surface height changes. These measurements should then be relative to a global reference frame. This can be done with satellite techniques, and thus a GNSS-based tide gauge is proposed. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of both GNSS signals that are directly received and GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental installation at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) shows that the reflected GNSS signals have only about 3 dB less signal-to-noise-ratio than the directly received GNSS signals. Furthermore, a comparison of local sea level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge with two stilling well gauges, located approximately 18 km and 33 km away from OSO, gives a pairwise root-mean-square agreement on the order of 4 cm. This indicates that the GNSS-based tide gauge gives valuable results for sea level monitoring.
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| 26. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(author)
-
The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening
- 2015
-
In: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
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| 27. |
- Kontopoulos, E., et al.
(author)
-
Deliverable 4.5: Context-aware Content Interpretation
- 2016
-
Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current deliverable summarises the work conducted within task T4.5 of WP4, presenting our proposed approaches for contextualised content interpretation, aimed at gaining insightful contextualised views on content semantics. This is achieved through the adoption of appropriate context-aware semantic models developed within the project, and via enriching the semantic descriptions with background knowledge, deriving thus higher level contextualised content interpretations that are closer to human perception and appraisal needs. More specifically, the main contributions of the deliverable are the following: A theoretical framework using physics as a metaphor to develop different models of evolving semantic content. A set of proof-of-concept models for semantic drifts due to field dynamics, introducing two methods to identify quantum-like (QL) patterns in evolving information searching behaviour, and a QL model akin to particle-wave duality for semantic content classification. Integration of two specific tools, Somoclu for drift detection and Ncpol2spda for entanglement detection. An “energetic” hypothesis accounting for contextualized evolving semantic structures over time. A proposed semantic interpretation framework, integrating (a) an ontological inference scheme based on Description Logics (DL), (b) a rule-based reasoning layer built on SPARQL Inference Notation (SPIN), (c) an uncertainty management framework based on non-monotonic logics. A novel scheme for contextualized reasoning on semantic drift, based on LRM dependencies and OWL’s punning mechanism. An implementation of SPIN rules for policy and ecosystem change management, with the adoption of LRM preconditions and impacts. Specific use case scenarios demonstrate the context under development and the efficiency of the approach. Respective open-source implementations and experimental results that validate all the above.All these contributions are tightly interlinked with the other PERICLES work packages: WP2 supplies the use cases and sample datasets for validating our proposed approaches, WP3 provides the models (LRM and Digital Ecosystem models) that form the basis for our semantic representations of content and context, WP5 provides the practical application of the technologies developed to preservation processes, while the tools and algorithms presented in this deliverable can be deployed in combination with test scenarios, which will be part of the WP6 test beds.
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| 28. |
- Maronidis, A., et al.
(author)
-
PERICLES Deliverable 4.3: Content Semantics and Use Context Analysis Techniques
- 2016
-
Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current deliverable summarises the work conducted within task T4.3 of WP4, focusing on the extraction and the subsequent analysis of semantic information from digital content, which is imperative for its preservability. More specifically, the deliverable defines content semantic information from a visual and textual perspective, explains how this information can be exploited in long-term digital preservation and proposes novel approaches for extracting this information in a scalable manner. Additionally, the deliverable discusses novel techniques for retrieving and analysing the context of use of digital objects. Although this topic has not been extensively studied by existing literature, we believe use context is vital in augmenting the semantic information and maintaining the usability and preservability of the digital objects, as well as their ability to be accurately interpreted as initially intended.
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| 29. |
- Petersson, Jesper, 1974
(author)
-
Blurring the shoreline: De- and re-infrastructuring and the changing colors of European flood policy
- 2021
-
In: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. - : SAGE Publications. - 2514-8494 .- 2514-8494 .- 2514-8486. ; 4:2, s. 623-644
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides a genealogy of the emergence of a common EU flood policy, including the scope and direction of this policy. Noticing how EU policy proposes green infrastructure (associated with using nature as a buffer zone in managing floods) as an alternative to grey infrastructure (implying fixed installations of concrete and cement), this paper adopts the theoretical lens of the so-called infrastructural turn, which advocates a relational investigation of infrastructure. By engaging this approach, the paper shows how flood infrastructure can contain very different compositions of (unruly) water and (settled) land. A narrative of a historically strong focus on guarding society from the powerful forces of nature through a fixed line of defense is increasingly giving way to more muddy states—quite literally—where society is expected to learn to live with flooding and show ecological consideration. To capture the EU’s, and especially the European Commission’s efforts to establish a pan-European flood infrastructure that accommodates this turn, the concepts of de- and re-infrastructuring are developed. These concepts act as heuristic devices to capture how policy performs some combinations between water and land as constituting an attractive and functional flood infrastructure, but constitutes other infrastructural relations of the aquatic and the terrestrial as undesirable and, hence, as malfunctioning. This performative act of distinguishing between what constitutes “good and proper” versus “bad and undesirable” infrastructure is referred to as a politics of infrastructure.
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| 30. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Scientific evidence suggests a changed approach in ergonomic intervention research
- 2017
-
In: Osvalder A.-L., Blomé M. & Bodnar H. (Eds.) NES 2017, Conference Proceedings. - Lund. - 9789177531524
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ergonomic interventions have generally been unsuccessful in improving workers’ health, with concurrent rationalization efforts negating potentially successful intervention initiatives. We propose the two aims are considered simultaneously, aiming at the joint consideration of competitive performance and work environment in a long-term perspective (“organizational sustainability”). A prerequisite is a high level of dialogue between the different groups of stakeholders, and we argue that the Nordic countries, through high levels of trust and justice (social capital), have unique opportunity to carry out such research. The present authors bring forth the vision of “a Nordic Model for development of more sustainable production systems”.
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| 31. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(author)
-
On the impact of technology and globalisation on reproductive ethics
- 2010
-
In: 10th World Congress of Bioethics, July 28-31, 2010.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethics, mores, and policies in the field of reproduction and parenting have an impact on how, by whom, and for whom reproductive technologies are developed, used, desired or recommended. In return, changes in societies, caused by globalisation and the spread of technologies into the process of formation of families (as well as other elements, depending on the case), have led to what some call the "crisis" of the family. I propose to look into this interaction between technology, globalisation, ethics, mores and policies, and to point to some of the ways in which they have influenced each other, and in particular to some of the ways in which technologies (such as gamete donation, embryo transfer, SCNT, the creation of synthetic gametes etc.) demand the reformulation of arguments in reproductive ethics and policy (such as the potentiality argument, regulations according to which birth mothers receive legal recognition as mothers of the newly born etc.). One of the main questions that arises from these changes is that of the identity of children's "real" parents. I will make an argument from reproductive autonomy to support the notion of "moral" parenting to the detriment of the praising of genetic or birth links. The shift from moral parenting being prima facie associated with genetic lineage, gestation or birth, to the need to reanalyse parenting entitlements is the exclusive merit (or fault) of reproductive technologies. Certainly, parenting entitlements have sometimes been reorganised before that (e.g. in adoption or custody decisions), but without significant effects on the general status quo. And, as the attribution of parenting entitlements and obligations is shifting, so will the ethics and policy of access to, and development of, reproductive technologies (e.g. if we cease to see genetics as the main component, or source of legitimacy, of reproduction and parenting, then this has an effect on the ethics and regulation of the use of donor gametes as well as public funding of, or even access to, the use of technologies for people who cannot reproduce genetically but could become parents in other ways). Reproductive technologies thus also create a wider separation between the right to reproduce and the right to parent, if indeed both can be argued for.
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| 32. |
- Höök, Mikael, 1982-, et al.
(author)
-
Descriptive and predictive growth curves in energy system analysis
- 2011
-
In: Natural Resources Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1520-7439 .- 1573-8981. ; 20:2, s. 103-116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study reviews a variety of growth curve models and the theoretical frameworks that lay behind them. In many systems, growth patterns are, or must, ultimately be subjected to some form of limitation. A number of curve models have been developed to describe and predict such behaviours. Symmetric growth curves have frequently been used for forecasting fossil fuel production, but others have expressed a need for more flexible and asymmetric models. A number of examples show differences and applications of various growth curve models. It is concluded that these growth curve models can be utilised as forecasting tools, but are do not necessarily provide better predictions than any other method. Consequently, growth curve models and other forecasting methods should be used together to provide a triangulated forecast. Furthermore, the growth curve methodology offers a simple tool for resource management to determine what might happen to future production if resource availability poses a problem. In the light of peak oil and the awareness of natural resources as a basis for the continued well-being of society and mankind, resource management should be an important factor in future social planning.
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| 33. |
- Song, Xiao, et al.
(author)
-
Food desires and hedonic discrimination in virtual reality varying in product–context appropriateness among older consumers
- 2022
-
In: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 11:20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immersive virtual reality (VR) videos can replicate complex real-life situations in a systematic, repeatable and versatile manner. New product development trajectories should consider the complexities of daily life eating situations. The creation of immersive contexts of a product with varying levels of appropriateness could be a useful tool for product developers in evaluating the extent to which context may influence food acceptance and eating behavior. This study explored virtual reality (VR) as an efficient context-enhancing technology through evaluations of protein-enriched rye breads and compared the effects of a VR-simulated congruent (VR restaurant) and incongruent (VR cinema) contexts on the acceptance in older consumers. A total of 70 participants were immersed in the two VR contexts and a neutral control context in a randomized order. The responses indicating the desire and liking for rye breads were measured, and the extent of immersion during context exposure was assessed by levels of the sense of presence and engagement. Immersive VR induced positive sensations of presence and a heightened level of engagement. The VR restaurant and neutral contexts were perceived as more appropriate for consuming rye breads and induced higher desire and liking for rye breads, which supported the notion of the alignment of congruent contexts with food desire and liking. The study provides new perspectives, practical methodologies, and discoveries in regard to the creation and application of VR-immersed contexts in food product evaluation. Moreover, it focused on a consumer segment (older consumers) that has seldom been investigated in previous relevant studies. The findings suggest that immersive VR technology, as a tool for evaluating contextual factors, is important for new product development. The good user experience among older consumers further indicated the potential value of VR as a context-enhancing tool for product development.
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| 34. |
- Svärd, Malin, 1985
(author)
-
Computational driver behavior models for vehicle safety applications
- 2023
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to investigate how human driving behaviors can be formally described in mathematical models intended for online personalization of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or offline virtual safety evaluations. Both longitudinal (braking) and lateral (steering) behaviors in routine driving and emergencies are addressed. Special attention is paid to driver glance behavior in critical situations and the role of peripheral vision. First, a hybrid framework based on autoregressive models with exogenous input (ARX-models) is employed to predict and classify driver control in real time. Two models are suggested, one targeting steering behavior and the other longitudinal control behavior. Although the predictive performance is unsatisfactory, both models can distinguish between different driving styles. Moreover, a basic model for drivers' brake initiation and modulation in critical longitudinal situations (specifically for rear-end conflicts) is constructed. The model is based on a conceptual framework of noisy evidence accumulation and predictive processing. Several model extensions related to gaze behavior are also proposed and successfully fitted to real-world crashes and near-crashes. The influence of gaze direction is further explored in a driving simulator study, showing glance response times to be independent of the glance's visual eccentricity, while brake response times increase for larger gaze angles, as does the rate of missed target detections. Finally, the potential of a set of metrics to quantify subjectively perceived risk in lane departure situations to explain drivers' recovery steering maneuvers was investigated. The most influential factors were the relative yaw angle and splay angle error at steering initiation. Surprisingly, it was observed that drivers often initiated the recovery steering maneuver while looking off-road. To sum up, the proposed models in this thesis facilitate the development of personalized ADASs and contribute to trustworthy virtual evaluations of current, future, and conceptual safety systems. The insights and ideas contribute to an enhanced, human-centric system development, verification, and validation process. In the long term, this will likely lead to improved vehicle safety and a reduced number of severe injuries and fatalities in traffic.
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Sören, 1953-
(author)
-
China's aircraft industry: collaboration and technology transfer - the case of Airbus
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (IJTTC). - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 9:4, s. 306-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China has moved a long way in economic and industrial development during the last decades and has developed into a global player in many industries. With increased knowledge in high-technology industries, China has ambitions to move into sectors that necessitate a high level of research and development, such as the aerospace industry. China is now in the process of establishing a modern aircraft industry based on domestic efforts as well as agreements with foreign partners in the manufacturing of complete aircraft. This paper analyzes what measures have been taken by Airbus in the form of technology transfer and other supportive measures to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. The findings conclude that Airbus’ transfer should be looked upon as a broad spectrum of technology and knowledge transfer, which include aircraft manufacturing technology, as well as cabin crew training centre, establishment of a warehouse and suppliers ”village”, an engineering centre, maintenance and various service functions.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
-
Etiska aspekter på regenerativ medicin : Ethical aspects on regenerative medicine
- 2003
-
In: SNIB-konferensen 2003, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, 16-18 maj 2003.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Inom den regenerativa medicinen strävar man efter att ersätta skadat eller sjukligt biologiskt mänskligt material (celler, organ, kroppsdelar) med nya biologiska komponenter. Området aktualiserar en rad etiska frågeställningar vad gäller (1) produktionen av ersättningsmaterialet (t.ex. embryonala stamceller eller införskaffande av transplantationsvävnad från donatorer), (2) risker i samband med försök på människa (genmodifierat material, material från djur), samt (3) gränserna för hur långt man bör gå i denna slags försök att förlänga människans livsspann. Föredraget ger en kort översikt över dessa frågeställningar, ståndpunkter och argument i debatten kring dem.
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| 39. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Can Social Sustainability Values be Incorporated in a Product Service System for Temporary Public Building Modules?
- 2017
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 64, s. 193-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The temporary constructions industry has cost efficiency and sustainability challenges that may require new innovative business models as well as product and processes. This paperaims to discuss how social sustainability services can be included in product service system (PSS)by investigating a case where employment is offered in distributed temporary building module manufacturing in the PSS context. The case has been evaluated against PSS literature. Recent reviews and literature on inclusion of social sustainability and PSS for buildings were used. It is concluded that the current concept fits basic definitions of PSS although it is not typical. The social value of employment is difficult to evaluate and inclusion in PSS needs further research. Design practice could be used to further develop the services in the studied concept. © 2017 The Authors.
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| 40. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(author)
-
Electrical Measurement Systems and Methods
- 2014
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This book treats a wide range of aspects on electrical measurement systems and the methods used to acquire data from electronic systems. That includes sensors and sensor design, amplifiers such as differential and charge amplifiers, ADCs and DACs, digital oscilloscopes, cable theory and probes, noise and noise coupling, common and normal mode signals. This first part (chapters 1-8) doesn’t require any advanced mathematics and is aimed towards undergraduates. The second part (chapters 9-17) is on an advanced level (master level) and treats transform theory (Fourier, Laplace, z) and how to handle signals in frequency space. We cover the sampling theorem (Nyquist), resolution bandwidth, frequency spectrum distortions like aliasing and leakage and how to apply windows in a frequency spectrum. We also cover systems and signal processing in time-space, including convolution and correlation, filter theory and filter design (both analog and digital). The last chapters concern the statistical aspects on measurement systems and signals, like point and interval estimations, curve fitting and uncertainty estimations according to the GUM method.
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
Rollator related pedestrian single accidents and collision events in Sweden
- 2022
-
In: Traffic Safety Research (TSR). - : Lund University. - 2004-3082. ; 2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rollators (four-wheel walkers in USA; zimmer frames in UK) are commonly used as mobility aids for the elderly and people with a variety of disabilities. Pedestrian rollator users are a sub-group of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), although this group is rarely recognised in traffic safety contexts. The aim of this study is to extract and analyse rollator related pedestrian accident and injury data in Sweden. The results will provide valuable insight into the risks and obstacles rollator users are exposed to in the traffic environment and may in the long term contribute to improving the mobility of this group. The current study is based on data from 2,020 accidents involving 2,305 persons extracted from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) database. For consistency reasons, a subset of data (N = 745) was analysed in order to investigate the development of accidents over a period of 10 years. Thereafter, each accident in the whole data set was registered as either single or collision. The results show that the number of rollator accidents in Sweden increased by approximately 80% during 2007–2016. Females dominate the injury statistics of single accidents, collisions, as well as fatal outcome, which may be due to exposure and/or differences in physical characteristics. Single accidents are much more common than collisions (n=1,668 and n=352, respectively) and the injury consequences are at least as serious. Data from the present study have revealed that the frequency of minor injuries (ISS 1–3) is 4.3 times, moderate (ISS 4–8) 6.0 times and serious injuries (ISS 9–15) 8.9 times higher in single accidents than in collisions. Fatal injuries are, however, more common in collision events (33 in comparison to 8). The vast majority of single accidents (99%) was due to falls. Many of the single accidents (29%) were caused by ground level differences (typically a curb) or due to surface conditions (19%). Collisions involved cars, trucks or buses in 91% of cases, occurring predominantly in car parks (31%) and on (zebra) crossings (30%). In 54% of cases the vehicles reversed into the rollator. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ injuries were dominated by head (36%) and torso (33%) injuries in collision events, and hip fractures (71%) in single accidents. The present study shows that further research into rollator user related accidents, both single accidents and collision events, is required. In order to introduce appropriate measures, future work should follow up on accident and injury developments and further improve the quality of mobility aid related accident data in general. Improved stability and design, proper training programmes, effective maintenance services, development of a supporting infrastructure would contribute to increased safety for rollator users.
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| 42. |
- Sandberg, David, 1980, et al.
(author)
-
The impact of sleepiness on lane positioning in truck driving
- 2013. - 1
-
In: Driver Distraction and Inattention. - Farnham : Ashgate. - 9781409425854 - 9781315578156 ; , s. 405-416, s. 405-416
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter concerns the detection of sleepiness in truck drivers. Data obtained from a driver sleepiness study involving real-world driving are used in order to analyse the performance of several sleepiness indicators based on driving behavior; such as, for example, variability in lateral position and heading angle. Contrary to the results obtained for passenger cars, for heavy trucks it is found that indicators based on variability provide little or no information; their performance does not rise significantly above chance levels.However, the data indicate that there is a significant difference in the average lane position for sleepy and alert drivers, respectively, such that a sleepy driver generally places the vehicle closer (by about 0.2 m) to the centre of the road than an alert driver. The analysis also shows a significant, monotonous, increase in average lateral position (measured from the right, outer, lane boundary towards the lane centre) between the four cases of (i) daytime alert driving, (ii) daytime sleepy driving, (iii) night-time alert driving and (iv) nighttime sleepy driving.
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| 43. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
A low-absorption x-ray energy filter for small-scale applications
- 2009
-
In: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 17:14, s. 11388-11398
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an experimental and theoretical evaluation of an x-ray energy filter based on the chromatic properties of a prism-array lens (PAL). It is intended for small-scale applications such as medical imaging. The PAL approximates a Fresnel lens and allows for high efficiency compared to filters based on ordinary refractive lenses, however at the cost of a lower energy resolution. Geometrical optics was found to provide a good approximation for the performance of a flawless lens, but a field-propagation model was used for quantitative predictions. The model predicted a 0.29 ΔE/E energy resolution and an intensity gain of 6.5 for a silicon PAL at 23.5 keV. Measurements with an x-ray tube showed good agreement with the model in energy resolution and peak energy, but a blurred focal line contributed to a 29% gain reduction. We believe the blurring to be caused mainly by lens imperfections, in particular at the periphery of the lens.
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| 44. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
A Tunable Energy Filter for Medical X-Ray Imaging
- 2008
-
In: X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation. - : Hindawi. - 1687-7632 .- 1687-7640. ; 2008
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A multiprism lens (MPL) is a refractive X-ray lens, and its chromatic properties can be employed in an energy filtering setup to obtain a narrow tunable X-ray spectrum. We present the first evaluation of such a filter for medical X-ray imaging. The experimental setup yields a 6.6 gain of flux at 20 keV, and we demonstrate tunability by altering the energy spectrum to center also around 17 and 23 keV. All measurements are found to agree well with ray-tracing and a proposed geometrical model. Compared to a model mammography system with absorption filtering, the experimental MPL filter reduces dose 13–25% for 3–7 cm breasts if the spectrum is centered around the optimal energy. Additionally, the resolution is improved 2.5 times for a 5 cm breast. The scan time is increased 3 times but can be reduced with a slightly decreased energy filtering and resolution.
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| 45. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography with a photon-counting detector
- 2010
-
In: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : Wiley. - 0094-2405. ; 37:5, s. 2017-2029
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Spectral imaging is a method in medical x-ray imaging to extract information about the object constituents by the material-specific energy dependence of x-ray attenuation. In particular, the detectability of a contrast agent can be improved over a lumpy background. We have investigated a photon-counting spectral imaging system with two energy bins for contrast-enhanced mammography. System optimization and the potential benefit compared to conventional non-energy-resolved imaging was studied.Methods: A framework for system characterization was set up that included quantum and anatomical noise, and a theoretical model of the system was benchmarked to phantom measurements.Results: It was found that optimal combination of the energy-resolved images corresponded approximately to minimization of the anatomical noise, and an ideal-observer detectability index could be improved more than a factor of two compared to absorption imaging in the phantom study. In the clinical case, an improvement close to 80% was predicted for an average glandularity breast, and a factor of eight for dense breast tissue. Another 70% was found to be within reach for an optimized system.Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is feasible and beneficial with the current system, and there is room for additional improvements.
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| 46. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
Energy filtering with x-ray lenses: Optimization for photon-counting mammography
- 2010
-
In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 139, s. 339-342
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chromatic properties of the multi-prism and prism-array x-ray lenses (MPL and PAL) can potentially be utilized for efficient energy filtering and dose reduction in mammography. The line-shaped foci of the lenses are optimal for coupling to photon-counting silicon strip detectors in a scanning system. A theoretical model was developed and used to investigate the benefit of two lenses compared to an absorption-filtered reference system. The dose reduction of the MPL filter was 15% compared to the reference system at matching scan time, and the spatial resolution was higher. The dose of the PAL-filtered system was found to be 20% lower than for the reference system at equal scan time and resolution, and only 20% higher than for a monochromatic beam. An investigation of some practical issues remains, including the feasibility of brilliant-enough x-ray sources and manufacturing of a polymer PAL.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Bill, Susanna, et al.
(author)
-
Litteratur om tillitsbegreppet
- 2014
-
In: DigiTrust: Tillit i det digitala. Tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv från ett forskningsprojekt. - 9789197989367 ; , s. 15-20
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Detta kapitel visar på hur forskning om tillit är spridd över en rad ämnesområden och forskardiscipliner, och tar upp några av de tydligaste områdena.
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| 49. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
- 2010
-
In: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
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| 50. |
- Foka, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction to the DHQ Special Issue: Digital Technology in the Study of the Past
- 2018
-
In: Digital Humanities Quarterly. - 1938-4122. ; 12:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital technology is transforming the assemblage and dissemination of historical information. Museums, libraries, archives, and universities increasingly modify their digital research infrastructures in order to make data open and available. The imminent assessment and representation of historical data has admittedly challenged the boundaries of historical knowledge and generated new research questions. The process of reconstructing, visualizing and rendering historical data has equally developed together with technology. This is the case in both academic and heritage contexts and in less immediatedly obvious popular uses, such as the increasingly significant presence and use of history within videogames. Regardless of specific context, as this collection of articles shows, the process of digitally capturing and representing historical data is often analogous to and determined by the digital platform used.
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