| 1. |
- Löfman, Owe, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Common biochemical markers of bone turnover predict future bone loss : A 5-year follow-up study
- 2005
-
In: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 356:1-2, s. 67-75
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) is used to follow gain or loss of bone mass but cannot detect changes within a short period of time. Biochemical markers of bone turnover may be of value for prediction of individual bone loss.MethodsWe studied the relation between common inexpensive markers of bone turnover (serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), urinary hydroxyproline (OHPr), and calcium (Ca)), BMD, age, and menopause in a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design comprising 429 pre- and postmenopausal randomly selected women aged 21–79 years (mean 50 years). A follow-up was initiated after 5 years (including 192 of these women), which focused on changes in bone mass and the ability of these four common markers of bone turnover (sampled at baseline) to predict future bone loss.ResultsA marked increase was observed for all markers at the beginning of menopause. During the postmenopausal period ALP and Ca decreased to near premenopausal levels, while OC and OHPr remained high even 15 years after menopause. We also found inverse correlations at baseline between the bone markers and BMD, independent of the selected marker or skeletal site, r=−0.14 to −0.46, P<0.05. The correlations between ALP, OC, OHPr, and subsequent bone loss over 5 years, was significant for arm, r=−0.23 to −0.36, P<0.01. Baseline levels of all bone markers correlated significantly at group level with the 5-year follow-up of BMD for all sites. The ability of markers to predict individual bone loss was estimated by a multivariate regression model, which included baseline BMD, age, and body mass index as independent variables. ROC analysis showed a validity of approximately 76% for the forearm model, but was lower for the hip (55%) and lumbar spine (65%).ConclusionsThese data show that the common inexpensive biochemical markers of bone turnover ALP, OC, OHPr, and Ca were related to the current bone mass and, moreover, provides information about future bone loss at the individual level. Future investigations should include an evaluation of the clinical relevance of markers of bone turnover in relation to fracture risk.
|
|
| 2. |
- Rodgers, W., et al.
(author)
-
Leveraging international R&D teams of portfolio entrepreneurs and management controllers to innovate: Implications of algorithmic decision-making
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Business Research. - New York, NY : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 140, s. 232-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We focus on how international research and development (R&D) teams of portfolio entrepreneurs and their management controllers can help to innovate and sustain entrepreneurial activities. An algorithmic decision-making model is implemented that indicates how such portfolio entrepreneurs build complex business structures and create a context for management accounting controllers' information that is suggestive of R&D internationalization challenges. A case study is utilized to compare one large and one medium-sized business conglomerate. Open interviews were conducted with portfolio entrepreneurs and their management controllers. We found that the international R&D teams of portfolio entrepreneurs and their management controllers have different mindsets when assessing sustainable innovative approaches for the existing business and for future expansion through acquisitions. Our findings assert the importance of context when understanding the challenges of management controllers dealing with the internationalization of such R&D efforts.
|
|
| 3. |
- Barreto, C., et al.
(author)
-
Multiwall carbon nanotube/PPC composites: Preparation, structural analysis and thermal stability
- 2013
-
In: European Polymer Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-3057 .- 1873-1945. ; 49:8, s. 2149-2161
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The focus of this report concerns the preparation nanocomposites from poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). A solvent route using tetrahydrofuran, ethoxylated non- ionic surfactants combined with sonication was found to be successful in deagglomerating and dispersing the nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed highly disentangled and dispersed nanotubes and was supported by the qualitative stability evaluations. The morphology and molecular mobility of the prepared nanocomposites (0.5, 3.0 and 5.0 wt% of nanotubes) were characterized by rheology, microscopy, low-field solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrical conductivity. The networking of nanotubes was highest with a stearyl alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, and was found to improve with the sonication time. Nanotube percolation was established, both rheologically and electrically, from a filler content of approximately 0.5 wt%. A higher tendency toward particle agglomeration was observed at higher MWNT loadings. Only minor changes in the glass transition temperature were measured presumably due to the presence of solvent and surfactant residues. The thermal stability was marginally improved by increasing the loading and dispersion of the nanotubes, and appeared to be modified by solvent and surfactant residues.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergfors, Elisabet, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum: A review and a recommendation
- 2019
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : WILEY. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:2, s. 81-88
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: According to studies on adults, patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is insufficient to detect aluminium allergy, and a 10% preparation is recommended. Other studies suggest that a 2% preparation is sufficient for testing children. Objectives: To review three previously published Swedish studies on patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. Patients/Methods: Altogether, 601 children with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules (granulomas) induced by aluminium-adsorbed vaccines were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. and metallic aluminium in (a) a pertussis vaccine trial, (b) clinical practice, and (ca) prospective study. Results: Overall, 459 children had positive reactions to the 2% pet. preparation. Another 10 reacted positively only to metallic aluminium. An extreme positive reaction (+++) was seen in 65% of children aged 1 to 2 years as compared with 22% of children aged 7 years. From 8 years onwards, extreme positive reactions were scarce. Conclusions: Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is sufficient to trace aluminium allergy in children. Small children are at risk of extreme reactions. We thus suggest that aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% pet. should not be used routinely in children before the age of 7 to 8 years.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-
(author)
-
Women and Technology
- 1995
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 11:3, s. 306-309
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Brunsson, Karin, 1945-
(author)
-
The use and usefulness of theory
- 2021
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 37:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This commentary paper starts from the presumption that theory is a cherished academic concept, to which social scientists frequently refer, despite - or because of - the hazy meaning of this concept. What happens when the meaning of theory is clarified, and theories are described as distinct entities, even as tools to be used by all students within an academic discipline, such as that of business administration? It is suggested that full-fledged theories obstruct the usefulness of theory, which should be experience and intuition based and allow for discoveries, theorizing and new concepts. The history and traditional outlook of the business administration discipline help explain its devotion to theory.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Flensner, Gullvi, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Lived experience of MS-related fatigue : a phenomenological interview study
- 2003
-
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - London : Pergamon. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 40:7, s. 707-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fatigue is a major problem among individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its meaning in daily living is unclear. The aim was to describe MS-related fatigue as lived by a group of individuals diagnosed with MS. Interviews with nine individuals were analysed from a phenomenological perspective. MAIN FINDINGS: MS-related fatigue is living with a time-consuming and all absorbing phenomenon, involving the body and the whole human being. Fatigue is commonly non-constructively perceived and expressed in terms of energy loss, emotional afflictions, dependency and restrictions of life in general, however, it is also constructively perceived and involves a desire to accept life and strive for a better situation. CONCLUSION: MS-related fatigue is a comprehensive phenomenon and its relationship with self-care requires further investigation.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hirsch, Richard, 1945-
(author)
-
Making meaning together : A distributed story of speaking and thinking
- 2010
-
In: Language sciences (Oxford). - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0388-0001 .- 1873-5746. ; 32:5, s. 528-535
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation of language to thought and mind is an ancient topic in linguistic theory. Normally language is related to thought in an individual mind. In this article, I explore the analogy between the dimensions and dynamics of individual perception as formulated by Husserl and the inter-individual perception and conceptualization found in everyday conversations. The notions of horizon, perspective, appresentation, and apperception developed by Husserl for the phenomenology of individual perception are generalized to incorporate the mutual and cooperative calibration of consciousness evidenced in conversational discussions where speakers cooperate to construct an interpretation and evaluation of their experience. This process of local cooperative and mutual co-construction and evaluation of interpretations of experience takes place in what is referred to here as a course of development. An extended excerpt from a conversational discussion is used to demonstrate the interactive dialogic and dialectical work speakers carry out in an effort to make sense of their experience of the world and their relationship to the world and each other. Ways of talking are analysed as means of constructing restricted folk-theoretic world-views that rely on the dialogic-dialectical work of the speakers. Contributions to an on-going discussion are claimed to constitute folk theories actualized in real time in the talk where Husserl’s notions of horizon, perspective, etc. of individual consciousness are given a distributed or shared interpretation in the establishment and maintenance of inter-individual consciousness in relation to the topics and events under development in the conversation.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Interregional inventor networks as studied by patent coinventorships
- 2006
-
In: Research Policy. - Örebro Sweden : EconPapers. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 35:3, s. 412-430
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the structure of the interregional inventor networks in Sweden by examining the residence of inventors and coinventors involved in Swedish patent applications to the European Patent Office. Several factors are found to influence the spatial affinity of regions. We find that spatial affinity extends beyond the region if it has less own R&D-related resources (business R&D, university R&D and patenting); if it is close to the other region and if it is relatively small. The resources of that other region plays a positive role if, in analogue fashion, that region has more R&D-related resources.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Lindkvist, Lars, 1945-
(author)
-
Project organization : Exploring its adaptation properties
- 2008
-
In: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 26:1, s. 13-20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Firms investing in project organization often do so in order to become more flexible, adaptable and customer-oriented. This promotes the question of whether there are specific properties of project organization, which contribute to instilling such capabilities in a firm, and if so, what managers could do in order to bring them on board. I discuss how certain project organization features may be conducive to that end, and suggest that project-level processes display features of an evolutionary learning process, with pre-selection, variation and retention as distinguishable process steps. Similarly, at higher levels within project-based firms, projects can be used as experiments within trial-and-error based strategic learning. A case study of a project-based firm is used to illustrate the propositions and managerial implications put forward. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Nordén, Bengt, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
High-sensitivity linear dichroism as a tool for equilibrium analysis in biochemistry- stability constant of DNA-ethidiumbromide complex
- 1976
-
In: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 4:2, s. 191-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A stoichiometrical application of a sensitive method for linear dichroism (LD) detection is suggested for biochemical purposes. The complex formation between a binding site on a polynucleotide and a ligand may be studied with high precision if the following conditions are fulfilled: (1) The polymer can be given a fixed degree of orientation. (2) The site has a specific orientation with respect to the orientation axis of the polymer (e.g., intercalation). (3) The ligand has an anisotropic optical absorption property.The method was applied to studying the complex between DNA and ethidiumbromide, which was detected by LD with precision of ± 0.5 × 10−7 M in a 4 × 10−4 M DNA solution, i.e., 0.1% occupation of the total site concentration can be detected. The complsxation could be explained by a single type of site (n = 0.14 ± 0.01 sites per nucleotide residue) and a stability constant K1 = (2.5 ± 1) × 105 M−1 at 0.2 M ionic strength.From the specific LD an average angle 60° was concluded between the helix axis and the long axis of the ethidiumbromide molecule.This value formally contradicts the Watson-Crick model or the intercalation model but may be explained by extension and deformation effects on the xhain by the flow.
|
|
| 21. |
- Nordén, Bengt, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Linear dichroism studies of binding site structures in solution: Complexes between DNA and basic arylmethane dyes
- 1978
-
In: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 8:1, s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interaction between B-form DNA and twelve cationic triaryl-methane dyes was studied with respect lo optical properties and stabilities, using linear dichroism (LD) and aqueous two-phase partition techniques. Monovalent dyes derived from crystal violet as a rule form a single strong complex (K1 ca 105 M−1; site density per nucleotide base n1 ca 0.1 at 0.1M ionic strength) in which the plane of the dye is at an angle of less than 50° to the local DNA helix axis. The complex with fuchsin is weaker (104M−1) but can be explained by a similar orientation. For some of the dyes (those with pseudo-C2v symmetry) XXXre angular orientations of two molecule-fixed axes can be obtained. For the divalent methyl green a second complex appears to be formed at low ionic strength. Methyl green (and to some extent 2-thiophene green and malachite green) show exciton splitting in the LD spectrum and circular dichroism assignable to exciton coupling between transition dipoles roughly parallel to the helical strands, indicating a dye-dye interaction. Tne optical data, supported by fitting experiments with space-filling models, suggests a general structure for the binding site. The dye is not intercalated but is bound to exposed hydrophobic regions in the major groove. The ligand is in part (the charged amino groups) in contact with the phosphoribose chain but its main surface lies against the hydrophobic base-pair stack. For a diphenylmethane dye, Michler's hydrol blue, a perpendicular orientation was observed, possibly due to intercaiation.
|
|
| 22. |
- Nordén, Bengt, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Optical studies on complexes between DNA and pseudoisocyanine
- 1976
-
In: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 6:1, s. 31-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Linear dichroism (LD) results when pseudoisocyanine = PIC (1, 1-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide) binds to flow-oriented DNA. LD may be used to follow the complexation both stoichiometrically and structurally, since when specified to unit complex concentration LD provides a measure of the average orientation of the absorbing transition dipole.Two different types of complexes can be distinguished: I. One strong, ionic-strength insensitive complex with monomeric PIC with an orientation indicating intercalation. II. Several weaker complexes of electrostatic nature (only observed at I
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Nordén, Bengt, 1945
(author)
-
Structural evidence on DNA carcinogen interactions: N-acetoxy-N-2acetylaminofluorene binding to DNA
- 1978
-
In: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 8:4, s. 385-391
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Linear dichroism (LD) gives useful information on the interaction between DNA and the directly acting carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAAF). In 50% methanol solvent with low ionic strength only a weak complex (van der Waals) appears. However, above 40° C strand separation takes place and a covalent aminofluorene complex forms. After renaturation a characteristic positive LD.band is observed at 306 nm. The average angular orientation of the longaxis of the fluorene moiety (47° to the local helix axis) is inconsistent with intercalation- It can be explained for instance by a free rotation around a C(DNA)-N (aminofluorene) bond or by a major groove site. The occupation density was 1–2 aminofluorene residues per 100 bases. With native DNA, AAAF slowly forms a covalent complex which has a negative LD at 307 nm. The orientation (70–90° ) is consistent with steric direction by the strand.
|
|
| 26. |
- Nydén, Agneta, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Adults with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD neuropsychological aspects.
- 2010
-
In: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 31:6, s. 1659-1668
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to assess which types of neuropsychological deficits appear to be most commonly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. The effect of the combination of ASD with ADHD (ASD/ADHD) was also studied. One hundred and sixty-one adult individuals (>/=18 years of age) were included in the study. None had full scale IQ less than 71. The neuropsychological investigations included measures of intellectual ability, learning and memory, attention/executive function and theory of mind. The three diagnostic groups showed reduced performance in most cognitive domains. However, within these domains differentiating distinct features could be seen. The dysfunctions of the ASD/ADHD group cannot be seen as a summary of the dysfunctions found in the ASD and ADHD groups. The ADHD seemed to have the most severe neuropsychological impairments of the three groups. No domain-specific deficit typical of any of the diagnostic groups was found.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Sandberg, Mats, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Viewpoints on wind and air infiltration phenomena at buildings illustrated by field and model studies
- 2015
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 92, s. 504-517
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ventilation and infiltration caused by wind are difficult to predict because they are non-local phenomena: driving factors depend on the surrounding terrain and neighbouring buildings and on the building orientation with respect to the wind direction. Wind-driven flow through an opening is complex because wind can flow through the opening or around the building, in contrast to buoyancy driven flow. We explored wind and air infiltration phenomena in terms of pressure distributions on and around buildings, stagnation points, flow along façades, drag forces, and air flow through openings. Field trials were conducted at a 19th-century church, and wind tunnel tests were conducted using a 1:200 scale model of the church and other models with openings. The locations of stagnation points on the church model were determined using particle image velocimetry measurements. Multiple stagnation points occurred. The forces exerted on the church model by winds in various directions were measured using a load cell. The projected areas affected by winds in various directions were calculated using a CAD model of the church. The area-averaged pressure difference across the church was assessed. A fairly large region of influence on the ground, caused by blockage of the wind, was revealed by testing the scale model in the wind tunnel and recording the static pressure on the ground at many points. The findings of this study are summarized as a number of steps that we suggest to be taken to improve analysis and predictions of wind driven flow in buildings.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Söderström, Torsten, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Accuracy analysis of time domain maximum likelihood method and sample maximum likelihood method for errors-in-variables and output error identification
- 2010
-
In: Automatica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-1098 .- 1873-2836. ; 46:4, s. 721-727
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For identifying errors-in-variables models, the time domain maximum likelihood (TML) method and the sample maximum likelihood (SML) method are two approaches. Both methods give optimal estimation accuracy but under different assumptions. In the TML method, an important assumption is that the noise-free input signal is modelled as a stationary process with rational spectrum. For SML, the noise-free input needs to be periodic. It is interesting to know which of these assumptions contain more information to boost the estimation performance. In this paper, the estimation accuracy of the two methods is analyzed statistically for both errors-in-variables (EIV) and output error models (OEM). Numerical comparisons between these two estimates are also done under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The results suggest that TML and SML have similar estimation accuracy at moderate or high SNR for Ely. For OEM identification, these two methods have the same accuracy at any SNR.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gadde, Lars-Erik, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Interactive resource development in new business relationships
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 65:2, s. 210-217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interaction in businessrelationships is a significant means of resourcedevelopment. Studies of these processes have focused on interactivedevelopment in long-term relationships between buyer and supplier. This study explores the characteristics of joint resourcedevelopment in newbusinessrelationships, where the two parties have no previous experience of interacting with each other. The study is based on the industrial network model and contains two cases of interactivedevelopment of new products with entirely different features. This research shows that joint development in a newrelationship is strongly dependent on the resources of other business partners, since no previous adaptations exist between the two focal actors. Access to these resources is achieved through the established businessrelationships of the two parties. Furthermore, previous interactions with other business partners have a significant impact on the outcome of interactivedevelopment in a newbusinessrelationship. The main reason for these conditions is that the features of the resources of the two parties have evolved during these interactions.
|
|
| 33. |
- Holmblad Brunsson, Karin, 1945-
(author)
-
Creativity and the Contemporary Economy
- 2010
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 26:2, s. 226-227
-
Review (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Mattsson, Lars-Åke, 1945, et al.
(author)
-
Women's preferences toward attributes of local estrogen therapy for the treatment of vaginal atrophy.
- 2013
-
In: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4111 .- 0378-5122. ; 74:3, s. 259-263
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Decreased estrogen production due to menopause is often associated with vaginal atrophy, and estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment for the management of this condition. This study investigated women's preferences relating to various aspects of local estrogen therapy (LET) for the treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. STUDY DESIGN: The study involved 423 women aged >50 years who were resident in Sweden, had experienced menopausal changes in and around the vagina, and had used LET for these changes. The women completed an online questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The questionnaire involved a discrete choice experiment to determine women's willingness to pay for different characteristics of therapy. Time of LET appliance, use of disposable applicators with small tablets compared with both dosing syringes with vaginal cream and vagitories, and therapy that did/did not cause smudges/leakage were all considered. RESULTS: The women had no significant preference as to the time of day LET should be used. However, quantifying other preferences suggested that respondents were willing to pay €66.58 or €60.32 per month extra for using disposable applicators with small tablets rather than dosing syringes with vaginal cream or vagitories, respectively, and to avoid smudges/leakage. CONCLUSIONS: This survey suggests that women may prefer using disposable applicators with small tablets to deliver LET and value therapy that does not cause smudges/leakage. It is possible that if women are able to use their preferred form of LET, improved uptake or adherence of such medication may enhance the management of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy.
|
|
| 36. |
- Öst, Lars-Göran, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Cognitive behavior therapy for adult post-traumatic stress disorder in routine clinical care : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
-
In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 166
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although different cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) have strong research support for treatment of adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) more knowledge is needed about the performance of CBT in routine clinical care. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of CBT for PTSD in adults treated in routine clinical care. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase OVID, and PsycINFO were systematically searched for studies published until the end of May 2022. The effectiveness of CBT, methodological quality, and moderators of treatment outcome were examined, and benchmarked by meta-analytically comparing with efficacy studies for PTSD. Thirty-three studies, comprising 6482 participants, were included. The within-group effect sizes (ES) for PTSD-severity at post-treatment (1.75), and follow-up (1.70), on average 6 months post-treatment, were large. The effectiveness studies had very similar ESs as efficacy studies at post-treatment (1.75 vs. 1.72) and follow-up (1.70 vs. 2.02), based on the benchmarking analysis. As the heterogeneity was large, we can only cautiously consider CBT for PTSD an effective treatment when delivered in routine clinical care. The outcomes of effectiveness studies for PTSD seem to be comparable to the results obtained in efficacy studies.
|
|
| 37. |
- Siegbahn, Per E. M., 1945-
(author)
-
Computational modeling of redox enzymes
- 2023
-
In: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 597:1, s. 38-44
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A computational methodology is briefly described, which appears to be able to accurately describe the mechanisms of redox active enzymes. The method is built on hybrid density functional theory where the inclusion of a fraction of exact exchange is critical. Two examples of where the methodology has been applied are described. The first example is the mechanism for water oxidation in photosystem II, and the second one is the mechanism for N2 activation by nitrogenase. The mechanism for PSII has obtained very strong support from subsequent experiments. For nitrogenase, the calculations suggest that there should be an activation process prior to catalysis, which is still strongly debated.
|
|
| 38. |
- Albuquerque, Daniel P., et al.
(author)
-
Experimental and numerical investigation of pumping ventilation on the leeward side of a cubic building
- 2020
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 179
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unstable interaction between shear layers that form in the wake of an isolated building exposed to wind can drive natural pumping ventilation in windward and leeward facing rooms with two or more horizontally separated openings. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of pumping ventilation in a three-story cubic building with two leeward openings in its middle floor. Reduced-scaled measurements were performed in the University of Gävle atmospheric-boundary-layer wind tunnel. The ventilation mechanism was investigated using smoke visualization, hot wire anemometry and particle image velocimetry. Effective ventilation rates were obtained using a tracer gas decay method. Experimental results confirmed that pumping ventilation is a 3D oscillatory unstable phenomenon with periodic behavior over several oscillation cycles. Measured flowrates show a linear relation between the effective ventilation rate and window separation. The numerical simulations used two turbulence modeling approaches: unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and large eddy simulation (LES). Both URANS and LES could predict vortex shedding frequency with an error below 5%. LES showed a good agreement with the measured ventilation rates, with an error below 10%, while URANS underestimated ventilation rates by at least 40%. The ventilation efficiency, obtained by LES, ranged between 0.60 and 0.75 (for the case with larger window separation). The results show that LES may be a suitable simulation approach for pumping ventilation. In contrast, URANS cannot simulate pumping ventilation.
|
|
| 39. |
- Andersson, Elin, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Type-dependent E6/E7 mRNA expression of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections in cervical neoplasia.
- 2012
-
In: Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5967. ; 54:1, s. 61-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coinfection with multiple HPV types is common in cervical lesions, but the biological significance of the individual infections is difficult to establish. Expression of oncogenic E6/E7 HPV mRNA is correlated to risk of malignant progression, commercial assays for genotyping E6/E7 mRNA of all HR-HPV are lacking.
|
|
| 40. |
- Antoniou, Nestoras, et al.
(author)
-
CFD and wind-tunnel analysis of outdoor ventilation in a real compact heterogeneous urban area : evaluation using “air delay”
- 2017
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 126, s. 355-372
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Outdoor urban ventilation in a real complex urban area is investigated by introducing a new ventilation indicator – the "air delay". Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed using the 3D steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches. The up-to-date literature shows the lack of detailed evaluations of the two approaches for real compact urban areas. This study further presents a systematic evaluation of steady RANS and LES for the assessment of the ventilation conditions in a dense district in Nicosia, Cyprus. The ventilation conditions within the urban area are investigated by calculating the distribution of the age of air. To better assess the outdoor ventilation, a new indicator, the "air delay" is introduced as the difference between the local mean age of air at an urban area and that in an empty domain with the same computational settings, allowing the comparison of the results in different parts of the domain, without impact of the boundary conditions. CFD results are validated using wind-tunnel measurements of mean wind speed and turbulence intensity performed for the same urban area. The results show that LES can accurately predict the mean wind speed and turbulence intensity with the average deviations of about 6% and 14%, respectively, from the wind-tunnel measurements while for the steady RANS, these are 8% and 31%, respectively. The steady RANS simulations overestimate the local mean air delay. The deviation between the two approaches is 52% at pedestrian level (2 m).
|
|
| 41. |
- Arvidsson, Sara, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Detection of surface bound complement at increasing serum anticoagulant concentrations.
- 2008
-
In: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 62:2, s. 214-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surface mediated immune complement activation can be detected by a variety of antibody utilizing methods such as ELISA, fluorescence- or radiolabelling techniques, QCM, and ellipsometry. In the present work we investigated how the common anticoagulants heparin, dalteparin, fondaparinux and sodium citrate affected the binding of anti-complement factor 3c (anti-C3c) on a model complement activator surface, immobilised IgG, after incubation in human blood serum. The results show, as expected, that different anticoagulants affect the antibody binding differently. Increasing amounts of heparin, dalteparin and sodium citrate in normal serum resulted in a decreasing anti-C3c binding. The antibody deposition was not sensitive for the fondaparinux concentration. Surprisingly high concentrations of anti-coagulantia were needed to completely eradicate the antibody binding. Experiments in EGTA-serum showed that anticoagulants interfered directly with both the classical and alternative pathways. Control C3a-des arg ELISA measurements show that the lowered antibody surface binding was not a result of complement depletion in serum. Kallikrein generation by hydrophilic glass surfaces was not affected by high anticoagulant concentrations.
|
|
| 42. |
- Atroshi, Isam, et al.
(author)
-
Low calcaneal bone mineral density and the risk of distal forearm fracture in women and men: a population-based case-control study.
- 2009
-
In: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2763 .- 8756-3282. ; 45:4, s. 789-93
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) and estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in a population with distal forearm fracture and a normative cohort. METHODS: Patients 20 to 80 years of age with distal forearm fracture treated at one emergency hospital during two consecutive years were invited to calcaneal BMD measurement; 270 women (81%) and 64 men (73%) participated. A DXA heel scanner estimated BMD (g/cm(2)) and T-scores. Osteoporosis was defined as T-score< or =-2.5 SD. Of the fracture cohort, 254 women aged 40-80 years and 27 men aged 60-80 years were compared with population-based control cohorts comprising 171 women in the age groups 50, 60, 70 and 80 years and 75 men in the age groups 60, 70, and 80 years. RESULTS: In the fracture population no woman below 40 years or man below 60 years of age had osteoporosis. In women aged 40-80 years the prevalence of osteoporosis in the distal forearm fracture cohort was 34% and in the population-based controls was 25%; the age-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) was 1.32 (95% CI 1.00-1.76). In the subgroup of women aged 60-80 years the age-adjusted prevalence ratio of osteoporosis was 1.28 (95% CI 0.95-1.71). In men aged 60-80 years the prevalence of osteoporosis in the fracture cohort was 44% and in the population-based controls was 8% (PR 6.31, 95% CI 2.78-14.4). The age-adjusted odds ratio for fracture associated with a 1-SD reduction in calcaneal BMD was in women aged 40-80 years 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8), in the subgroup of women aged 60-80 years 1.2 (95% CI 0.95-1.6), and in men aged 60-80 years 2.6 (95% CI 1.7-4.1). Among those aged 60-80 years the area under the ROC curve was in women 0.56 (95% CI 0.49-0.63) and in men 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis based on calcaneal BMD is higher in individuals with distal forearm fracture than in population-based controls. BMD impairment is associated with increased odds ratio for forearm fracture in both women and men but the differences between cases and controls are more pronounced in men than in women, which may have implications in fracture prevention.
|
|
| 43. |
- Boissier, Catherine, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
Interactions between polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecylsulfate and nonylphenol ethoxylate in solution and on polystyrene particles
- 2007
-
In: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4359 .- 0927-7757. ; 301:1-3, s. 444-452
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mixtures of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), nonylphenol ethoxylate with, on the average, 84 oxyethylene units (NP 100) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in solution and on polystyrene particles are discussed in terms of various types of interaction according to their mutual affinities. The mixtures in solution were analyzed by means of NMR and static surface tension, which showed that the combination of SDS with PVP agreed well with the classical model with surfactant aggregates along the polymer chain. In the mixture with the nonionic surfactant NP100 and the anionic surfactant SDS, mixed micelles were formed with a strong attraction parameter beta = -5. 1. Evidence of SDS encapsulation in the NP100 micelle was obtained from NMR diffusometry data where the long and short residence times of SDS in the mixed micelle were estimated to be iota(A) = 2.19 s and TB = 0. 15 s, respectively. No interaction was found in a mixture between NP100 and PVP in solution. Upon adsorption of these component mixtures to a polystyrene surface, it was shown that complexes formed in solution also dominated at the surface. This applied both for the mixtures of SDS-PVP and of SDS-NP100, with the exception that the mixed micelles of SDS-NP100 seemed to have higher affinity than PVP to the surface. This was considered a result of the nonylphenol group in NP100. For the mixture of NP100 and PVP, the NP100 had a higher affinity to the surface than PVP, though both components were able to co-exist on the surface. Finally, as SDS, NP100 and PVP were adsorbed simultaneously, all three components seemed to adsorb, with a surface complex including SDS with, probably, both NP100 and PVP. In this three-component mixture a preferential adsorption of SDS and NP100 seemed to exist.
|
|
| 44. |
- Borch, Ellen, 1956-, et al.
(author)
-
Group supervision to strengthen nurses in their preceptor role in the bachelor nursing education : Perceptions before and after participation
- 2013
-
In: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 13:2, s. 101-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A collaborative project was carried out at four bachelor nursing colleges in Sweden and Norway, to support preceptors in the clinical fields by means of group supervision.The aim of this study was to investigate the preceptors’ views on their own ability and satisfaction in the role before and after taking part in group supervision during one year and to describe their perception of the supervision model used.Method: Forty-five preceptors participated in the study. Baseline and endpoint questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: Before taking part in group supervision most preceptors expressed that they were content with their ability and knowledge with regards to the preceptor role. Despite this most of them considered that the participation had increased their ability to supervise students, and more than half of them considered that it also had promoted to their personal development. At the end of the project a majority of them had positive experiences of group supervision. Most of the structure and climate factors in the supervision model were considered important and almost all were highly realised. Conclusion: The study showed that group supervision could be a valuable tool to provide support to preceptors in bachelor nursing education.
|
|
| 45. |
- Brolin, Erika, et al.
(author)
-
Chronic administration of morphine using mini-osmotic pumps affects spatial memory in the male rat
- 2018
-
In: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-3057 .- 1873-5177. ; 167, s. 1-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of opioid analgesics to treat non-cancer pain has increased over the years. Many chronic pain patients suffer from numerous adverse effects, such as reduced quality of life, development of dependence, and cognitive impairments. Cognitive processes are regulated by several systems, one of which involves growth hormone (GH) and its secondary mediator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but also glutamatergic transmission, including receptors such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor complex. In the laboratory, repeated injections are commonly used to establish animal models of long-term or chronic drug exposure. However, in the present study, we aimed to mimic a more human dose regimen using constant drug delivery provided by mini-osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously in male Sprague Dawley rats. After developing opioid tolerance the cognitive function of rats was studied. Spatial learning and memory capabilities were evaluated using the rat Morris water maze (MWM). Moreover, gene expression related to the GH/IGF-1-axis and the NMDA-receptor system was analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and plasma levels of IGF-1 were assessed using the ELISA technique. Our results demonstrate that rats exposed to morphine for 27 days display memory impairments in the MWM probe trial. However, the behavioral effects of chronic morphine treatment were not accompanied by any significant differences in terms of mRNA expression or IGF-1 plasma concentration. The animal model used in this study provides a simple and suitable way to investigate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of chronic opioid treatment similar to the exposure seen in human pain patients.
|
|
| 46. |
- Buccoliere, Riccardo, et al.
(author)
-
City breathability and its link to pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries
- 2010
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 44:15, s. 1894-1903
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is devoted to the study of pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries. By applying efficiency concepts originally developed for indoor environments, the term ventilation is used as a measure of city “breathability”. It can be applied to analyse pollutant removal within a city in operational contexts. This implies the evaluation of the bulk flow balance over the city and of the mean age of air. The influence of building packing density on flow and pollutant removal is, therefore, evaluated using those quantities. Idealized cities of regular cubical buildings were created with packing density ranging from 6.25% to 69% to represent configurations from urban sprawl to compact cities. The relative simplicity of these arrangements allowed us to apply the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow and dispersion simulations using the standard k– turbulence model. Results show that city breathability within the urban canopy layer is strongly dependent from the building packing density. At the lower packing densities, the city responds to the wind as an agglomeration of obstacles, at larger densities (from about 44%) the city itself responds as a single obstacle. With the exception of the lowest packing density, airflow enters the array through lateral sides and leaves throughout the street top and flow out downstream. The air entering through lateral sides increases with increasing packing density.At the street top of the windward side of compact building configurations, a large upward flow is observed. This vertical transport reduces over short distance to turn into a downward flow further downstream of the building array. These findings suggest a practical way of identifying city breathability. Even though the application of these results to real scenarios require further analyses the paper illustrates a practical framework to be adopted in the assessment of the optimum neighbourhood building layout to minimize pollution levels.
|
|
| 47. |
- Carrilho da Graça, Guilherme, et al.
(author)
-
Pumping ventilation of corner and single sided rooms with two openings
- 2021
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Corner rooms with two or more open windows in perpendicular facades can be naturally ventilated in cross-ventilation or pumping ventilation. These two airflow regimes also occur in rooms with two openings in the same façade, in the form of single sided pumping or cross sided ventilation. This paper presents an experimental and numerical simulation study of the scale and occurrence of these two flow regimes for rooms in a rectangular building exposed to wind. Flow visualization and tracer gas measurement of effective airflow were performed in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel using a rectangular model of a three-story building (1/20 scale) with a ventilated middle floor. Experimental results show that pumping ventilation occurs when the wind is perpendicular to the façade (single sided rooms) or aligned with the building corner (corner rooms). In addition to these two perfectly aligned wind directions, pumping also occurs for a range of incoming wind angles: ±19° for single sided; and ±9° for corner rooms. As a result, for isolated rectangular buildings that have, at least, one single sided and two corner rooms in each facade, pumping ventilation can potentially occur in two or more rooms for 62 % of incoming wind directions. To investigate the transition between steady cross-ventilation and unsteady pumping ventilation, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics large eddy simulations were performed to obtain wind generated pressures in the ventilation openings. Results show that the transition from cross-ventilation to pumping occurs when the steady pressure becomes smaller than the unsteady component. These results are used to develop a pressure based simplified model for corner ventilation that can predict effective airflow from external wind generated pressures with an average error below 10.2 %. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
|
|
| 48. |
- Chen, L., et al.
(author)
-
Numerical investigations of wind and thermal environment in 2D scaled street canyons with various aspect ratios and solar wall heating
- 2021
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 190
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimizing urban ventilation is an effective way to improve urban air quality and thermal environment. For this purpose, under the validation of wind-tunnel experiments, flow regimes and micro thermal environment in typical reduced-canyon models with aspect ratios (AR) of 1.1, 2.4, 4 and 5.67 were investigated by CFD simulations using periodic boundary condition. ANSYS Fluent 15.0 with a solar ray tracing model and radiation model was performed to numerically study turbulence characteristics with wind-driven force and solar-heating conditions. Results revealed that, with wind-driven condition, a clockwise vortex existed in normal and deep street canyon (AR = 1.1 and 2.4) while two counter-rotating vortices appeared in extremely deep canyon (AR = 4 and 5.67). Moreover, different turbulence structures and air temperature distribution existed in canyons with different solar-heating conditions. When the leeward wall or ground was heated, the pedestrian-level velocity increased and street ventilation was strengthened compared to wind-driven condition for all AR values. Particularly, the single main vortex was strengthened (AR = 1.1 and 2.4), and the two-vortex structure in extremely deep canyons (AR = 4 and 5.67) changed to single-vortex structure. When the windward wall was heated, the clockwise main vortex at AR = 1.1 and 2.4 was deformed, and a new sub vortex gradually appeared near street bottom. Furthermore, at AR = 4 and 5.67, windward solar heating destroyed the two-vortex structure and slightly improved pollutant dilution capacity. This work implied that extremely deep street design with weak pedestrian-level ventilation should be avoided. It also provides a meaningful reference for urban planning.
|
|
| 49. |
- Chen, Lan, et al.
(author)
-
The impacts of building height variations and building packing densities on flow adjustment and city breathability in idealized urban models
- 2017
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 118, s. 344-361
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improving city breathability has been confirmed as one feasible measure to improve pollutant dilution in the urban canopy layer (UCL). Building height variability enhances vertical mixing, but its impacts remain not completely explored. Therefore, both wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to investigate the effect of building height variations (six height standard deviations σH = 0%–77.8%) associated to building packing densities namely λp/λf = 0.25/0.375 (medium-density) and 0.44/0.67 (compact) on city breathability. Two bulk variables (i.e. the in-canopy velocity (UC) and exchange velocity (UE)) are adopted to quantify the horizontal and vertical city breathability respectively, which are normalized by the reference velocity (Uref) in the free flow, typically set at z = 2.5H0 where H0 is the mean building height. Both flow quantities and city breathability experience a flow adjustment process, then reach a balance. The adjustment distance is at least three times longer than four rows documented in previous literature. The medium-density arrays experience much larger UC and UE than the compact ones. UE is found mainly induced by vertical turbulent fluxes, instead of vertical mean flows. In height-variation cases, taller buildings experience larger drag force and city breathability than lower buildings and those in uniform-height cases. For medium-density and compact models with uniform height, the balanced UC/Uref are 0.124 and 0.105 respectively, moreover the balanced UE/Uref are 0.0078 and 0.0065. In contrast, the average UC/Uref in height-variation cases are larger (115.3%–139.5% and 125.7%–141.9% of uniform-height cases) but UE/Uref are smaller (74.4%–79.5% and 61.5%–86.2% of uniform-height cases) for medium-density and compact models.
|
|
| 50. |
- Chung, Juyeon, et al.
(author)
-
Returning and net escape probabilities of contaminant at a local point in indoor environment
- 2017
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 125, s. 67-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quantified recirculation of a contaminant in a local domain is an essential property of the ventilation efficiency in a room. The returning probability of a contaminant (α) generated in a local domain and its net escape probability (NEP) are essential information for understanding the structure of the contaminant concentration distribution in a room and for controlling the indoor air quality. Here, we propose the fundamental definitions of α and NEP and discuss their potential relation with the net escape velocity (NEV) concept. NEP is defined at a local point and/or local domain as the probability that a contaminant is exhausted directly through an exhaust outlet and does not re-circulate to the target local point/domain again. In a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the minimum local domain in a room corresponds to the control volume (C.V.) of discretization; hence, NEP in a C.V. is assumed as the probability in a point without volume. In this study, the calculation results of α, NEP, and NEV distributions in a simple two-dimensional model room and a three-dimensional room with push-pull type ventilation system are demonstrated and discussed.
|
|
