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Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Andersson, Gerhard, et al. (author) Anxiety in elderly hearing impaired persons 1995 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 81, s. 552-554 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abstract The association between experiences of hearing impairment and signs of anxiety in 42 elderly hearing impaired patients at a hearing aid centre was investigated. Subjects completed the Hearing Coping Assessment, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and an audiometric test of hearing. Analysis showed low scores on anxiety and hearing problems compared with other studies. Moreover, scores on anxiety did not correlate with pure tone thresholds for hearing but with self-reported hearing problems (r = .31). Anxiety is important, but it is possible that signs of depression are more strongly related to self-perceived hearing handicap.
2.	Axelsson, Östen (author) Towards a psychology of photography : Dimensions underlying aesthetic appeal of photographs 2007 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 105:2, s. 411-434 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract With the aim to contribute to the development of a psychology of photography, this study examined what attributes are the major determinants of aesthetic appeal of photographs. Two interlinked experiments were conducted with 564 photographs having a wide range of motifs. Exp. 1 consisted of sorting by aesthetic appeal and adjective generation. In Exp. 2, attribute scaling was collected. Multidimensional scaling analysis of the photographs yielded three dimensions identified with the aid of attribute scales combined with measures of the manifest content of the photographs. The three dimensions were Hedonic Tone-Familiarity, Absence of color, and Expressiveness-Dynamics. The present results suggested that participants' familiarity with the photographs, the types of photographs (Color or Black & White), and the photographs' dynamics all affected participants' judgments of aesthetic appeal. Hedonic Tone and Expressiveness apparently mediated the participants' judgments.
3.	Baird, John C., et al. (author) Stimulus Sequence and the Exponent of the Power Function for Loudness 1991 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 73:1, s. 3-17 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In two experiments, 15 and 13 subjects estimated the loudness of 12 sound-pressure levels (38–104 dB; 6-dB intervals) of a 1000-Hz tone by the method of magnitude estimation with a modulus assigned to the first stimulus presented. The tone duration was 1 sec. and the interstimulus interval was 6 sec. The presentation order was systematically ascending-descending in one experiment and balanced-irregular in the other. The results indicate that (1) loudness is a power function of sound pressure with an exponent of 0.60 for the systematic order and 0.29 for the irregular order. (2) For both the irregular and systematic orders, a large step-size (12 or 18 dB) between the stimulus on Trial n and on Trial n-1 (or n-3) results in a slight assimilation effect. This also occurs for the small step-size (6 dB) in the irregular order. (3) The size of momentary exponents (based on two points, Trials n and n-l or n-3) depends on the sound pressures of successive stimuli, whether the steps are positive or negative, and whether the stimuli have been presented in systematic or irregular order. For positive steps, the momentary exponent is lower for a soft tone (Trial n) than for a loud tone, whereas for negative steps the momentary exponent is lower for a loud tone than for a soft tone. These effects are more pronounced when these stimuli are presented in an irregular order. A relative judgment model is offered for magnitude estimation. It assumes that subjects judge the loudness of a stimulus in terms of three reference markers: the minimum and maximum sound pressures as well as the sound pressure of the previous stimulus.
4.	Birgegård, Andreas, et al. (author) New methodological advice for research in subliminal psychodynamic activation 1999 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 88:3, s. 747-755 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recent integration among approaches to perception without awareness has brought the usefulness of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation into renewed locus. Several authors have discussed the possible detrimental impact on interpretation when control phrase
5.	Bjurwill, Christer, 1941- (author) Read and react : The football formula 1993 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 76:3_suppl, s. 1383-1386 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This essay is focused on the problem of vision and intelligence in football (soccer). One-touch play is the type of football that we are to see more often in the future. To prepare the players for such play, both managers and coaches must notice the importance of technical speed and tactical creativity. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 1993
6.	Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (author) Effect of reversal of response scales in a questionnaire 1980 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 50, s. 1125-1126 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study investigated the effect of reversal of response scales in a questionnaire. Two versions, A and B, were constructed. A was identical with B except that all response scales were reversed in B. The two versions were randomly distributed to a group of psychology students. No statistically significant differences were found concerning means and standard deviations of the response distributions when the sign test was applied to six different groups of response scales in the questionnaire. A tendency to select response categories to the left could be seen in the data. This tendency has later been confirmed by other researchers.
7.	Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (author) Marked reversals in a questionnaire 1980 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 50, s. 958-958 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In an attitude investigation with 260 respondents and 75 Likert type attitude statements a number of reversals of answers were found in the questionnaires, i.e. first marking response 2 and then changing it to 4. There were 71 reversals for items 1-25, 54 reversals for items 26-50 and 16 reversals for items 51-75, which suggests a practice effect. The mean number of words in the three groups increased (7,6 to 8,7 to 10,4). 7 items had 5 or more reversals - they hade the mean 5,9 words but some of them had words with negative prefixes. The method of counting and analyzing reversals in questionnaires is relevant for judging reliability. Some wrong answers may never have been reversed.
8.	Eriksen, CA, et al. (author) Comment on short-term variation in subjective sleepiness 2005 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 101:3, s. 943-948 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Subjective sleepiness at different times is often measured in studies on sleep loss, night work, or drug effects. However, the context at the time of rating may influence results. The present study examined sleepiness throughout the day at hourly intervals and during controlled activities [reading, writing, walking, social interaction (discussion), etc.] by 10-min. intervals for 3 hr. This was done on a normal working day preceded by a scheduled early rising (to invite sleepiness) for six subjects. Analysis showed a significant U-shaped pattern across the day with peaks in the early morning and late evening. A walk and social interaction were associated with low sleepiness, compared to sedentary and quiet office work. None of this was visible in the hourly ratings. There was also a pronounced afternoon increase in sleepiness, that was not observable with hourly ratings. It was concluded that there are large variations in sleepiness related to time of day and also to context and that sparse sampling of subjective sleepiness may miss much of this variation.
9.	Falkmer, Torbjörn, et al. (author) Fixation identification in centroid versus start-point modes using eye-tracking data 2008 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 106:3, s. 710-724 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Fixation-identification algorithms, needed for analyses of eye movements, may typically be separated into three categories, viz. (i) velocity-based algorithms, (ii) area-based algorithms, and (iii) dispersion-based algorithms. Dispersion-based algorithms are commonly used but this application introduces some difficulties, one being optimization. Basically, there are two modes to reach this goal of optimization, viz., the start-point mode and the centroid mode. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate these two dispersion-based algorithms. Manual inspections were made of 1,400 fixations in each mode. Odds ratios showed that by using the centroid mode for fixation detection, a valid fixation is 2.86 times more likely to be identified than by using the start-point mode. Moreover, the algorithm based on centroid mode dispersion showed a good interpretation speed, accuracy, robustness, and ease of implementation, as well as adequate parameter settings.
10.	Gustafsson, Henrik, 1974-, et al. (author) Conceptual Confusion and Potential Advances in Athlete Burnout Research 2016 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 123:3, s. 784-791 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract More than 30 years of research on athlete burnout has yielded important insights and questions regarding the onset, nature, and consequences of this detrimental syndrome. Not surprisingly, burnout is considered an important matter, both from a research and practical standpoint. We comment on the work of Ryu, Ali, Kim, Choi, and Radlo, who examined the impact of burnout on cognitive performance among athletes.
11.	Hadlaczky, Gergö, 1978-, et al. (author) Sensitivity to coincidences and paranormal belief 2011 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 113:3, s. 894-908 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Often it is difficult to find a natural explanation as to why a surprising coincidence occurs. In attempting to find one, people may be inclined to accept paranormal explanations. The objective of this study was to investigate whether people with a lower threshold for being surprised by coincidences have a greater propensity to become believers compared to those with a higher threshold. Participants were exposed to artificial coincidences, which were formally defined as less or more probable, and were asked to provide remarkability ratings. Paranormal belief was measured by the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale. An analysis of the remarkability ratings revealed a significant interaction effect between Sheep-Goat score and type of coincidence, suggesting that people with lower thresholds of surprise, when experiencing coincidences, harbor higher paranormal belief than those with a higher threshold. The theoretical aspects of these findings were discussed.
12.	Harrington, Thomas L., et al. (author) A Method of Stereoptically Simulating Manifolds of Three-Dimensional Objects Using Only a Single Display Pattern : A Shape-Depth-Texture Invariance 1989 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 68, s. 1163-1175 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A means of conceptualizing and generating visual displays that are “self-stereoptic manifolds” is described. First, single patterns that can replace pairs of stereograms to produce illusions of depth are defined and an example is shown. Patterns such as these produce illusory three-dimensional objects hanging in space before or behind the display surface. It is further demonstrated geometrically that such a display actually has three-dimensional information embedded in it peculiar to each of a family, or manifold, of objects that can be experienced one at a time. Each object of the family appears when the viewer looks in space where it “exists.” The others remain invisible unless their locations are fixated. If any member of a specific manifold of three-dimensional illusory objects is physically duplicated as a real object and textured in the same way that the illusory object appeared to be, then this new real object will, in turn, generate an illusion of each of the other objects of the manifold when the observer fixates in space where each “exists.” Also, if then the viewer looks where the original display previously was, the newly constructed object will disappear and the display will reappear. The geometry and the advantages and disadvantages in relation to a stereoptic pair are discussed.
13.	Henningsson, Mikael, et al. (author) Conversion disorder and multiple chemical sensitivity : A comparative study of psychological defense strategies. 2000 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; :91, s. 803-818 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
14.	Henningsson, Mikael, et al. (author) Interrater reliability among three judges on 130 defense mechanism test variables : A multivariate approach. 2000 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; :91, s. 959-969 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
15.	Hochwälder, Jacek (author) On inter- and intragroup differences in schematic and aschematic groups ratings of trait relations 1996 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 82:3, s. 1279-1290 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
16.	Jacobson, JM, et al. (author) Multiple rapid automatic naming measures of cognition: Normal performance and effects of aging 2004 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 98:3, s. 739-753 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Rapid automatic naming tasks are clinical tools for probing brain functions that underlie normal cognition. To compare performance for various stimuli in normal subjects and assess the effect of aging, we administered six single-dimension stimuli (color, form, number, letter, animal, and object) and five dual-dimension stimuli (color-form, color-number, color-letter, color-animal, and color-object) to 144 normal volunteers who ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. Rapid automatic naming times for letters and numbers were significantly less than for forms, animals, and objects. Rapid automatic naming times for color-number and color-letter stimuli were significantly less than for color-form, color-animal, or color-object stimuli. Age correlated significantly with rapid automatic naming time for each single-dimension stimulus and for color-form, color-number, color-animal, and color-object stimuli. Linear regression showed that rapid automatic naming times increased with age for aggregated color stimuli, aggregated single-dimension stimuli, and aggregated dual-dimension stimuli. This age effect persisted in subgroups less than 60 years of age and greater than 60 years of age. We conclude that normal performance time is dependent on the task, with letter and number stimuli eliciting most rapid responses, and that most rapid automatic naming times increase with age.
17.	Karlsen, Jon, et al. (author) Club shaft weight in putting accuracy and perception of swing parameters in golf putting. 2007 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 105:1, s. 29-38 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study assessed how shaft weight influenced golf putting accuracy and subjective perception of swing parameters. Three putters of different shaft weight (100, 420, and 610 gm) were tested by 24 club players. Distance and deviation in direction were measured, and subjective ratings of the putters recorded. Subjects hit the ball further with lighter shafts. The mean distance hit was 100.2, 99.3, and 98.1% of the target distance for the normal, medium, and heavy putter shafts, respectively. Subjectively, the medium heavy putter was rated best on "overall feeling" and it was also rated better than the normal on"feeling of stability in the downswing." The heaviest putter was rated as too heavy by 23 of 24 subjects. There were no significant differences between the putter clubs in distance and directional putting accuracy. The major findings are that the golfers putted 2.1% longer with the 100 gm shaft than with the 610 gm shaft and that the perception of overall feeling of the putter club was not related to performance.
18.	Kenward, Ben, et al. (author) Catching of balls unexpectedly thrown or fired by cannon 2011 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 113:1, s. 171-187 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Although learned actions can be automatically elicited in response to expected stimuli for which they have been prepared, little is known about whether learned actions can be automatically initiated by unexpected stimuli. Responses of unwitting participants to balls unexpectedly thrown by an experimenter (n = 10) or propelled by a hidden ball cannon (n = 22) were recorded by motion capture. Experience of ball catching correlated negatively with hand movement distance, indicating most responses were defensive, but successful catches were made in response to both thrown and fired balls. Although reaction time was faster in response to fired balls, interception was more frequent in response to thrown balls, indicating that movement cues by the thrower facilitated unexpected ball catching. The latency to begin a catching action by the only successful catcher of an unexpectedly fired ball was 296 msec. Given current knowledge of reaction time tasks and latencies of neural substrates of conscious perception and deliberation, it is probable that there was insufficient time available for conscious preparation of catch attempts. Ball catching may represent an example of a learned response which can be rapidly and unconsciously initiated without contextual priming or expectation of the stimulus.
19.	Landstrom, U, et al. (author) Effect on truck drivers' alertness of a 30-min. exposure to bright light: a field study 2004 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 98:33 Pt 1, s. 770-776 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reduced alertness is common during night driving. Light treatment may constitute one countermeasure to reduce sleepiness. To test this idea six professional drivers participated in this study in which they self-administered a 30-min. light treatment during a break in the middle of a night drive of about 9 hours. Two experimental conditions were used, including light exposures with a light box and a light visor. There was a control condition. Alertness was measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale. No significant effect of light was found, but ratings of sleepiness increased significantly through the night drive. The experimental light treatment was not correlated with any increased wakefulness compared to the drivings where no extra light exposures were carried out.
20.	Lindvall, Johan, 1970, et al. (author) THE EFFECT OF INTERIOR AIRCRAFT NOISE ON PILOT PERFORMANCE 2013 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 116:2, s. 472-490 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study examined the effect of the interior sounds of an aircraft cockpit on ratings of affect and expected performance decrement. While exposed to 12 interior aircraft sounds, of which half were modified to correspond to what is experienced with an active noise reduction (ANR) headset, 23 participants rated their affective reactions and how they believed their performance on various tasks would be affected. The results suggest that implementation of ANR-technique has a positive effect on ratings of expected performance. In addition, affective reactions to the noise are related to ratings of expected performance. The implications of these findings for both research and pilot performance are discussed.
21.	Linton, Steven J., 1952- (author) Activities of daily living scale for patients with chronic pain 1990 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 71:3, s. 722-722 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract 10 questions measuring daily living activities of chronic pain patients were developed for 30 chronic pain patients. Test-retest reliability was .89, and internal consistency was .75. Validity, measured by global ratings (r = .63) and those by significant others (r = .77) was satisfactory. This Activities of Daily Living Scale seems to be reliable and valid for use in clinical and research settings.
22.	Linton, Steven J. (author) Correspondence of back pain patients' self-reports of sick leave and Swedish national insurance authority register 2011 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 112:1, s. 133-137 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract While self-reports of sick absenteeism days are often practical for research, it is not clear how accurate these reports are. 192 Swedish participants recorded the number of days they had been off work for all illnesses, as well as for back pain specifically, for each month during the past 6 mo. These data were then compared to records from the National Insurance Authority in Sweden. The similarity between the data sets was very high, with the correspondence for those reporting 0 to 30 days off being 98%. For those with more than 30 days of self-reported sick leave, the correspondence was 81%, but the reason for the discrepancy may have been a lack of clarity in the question. It is concluded that self-reports correspond well with recorded data and that their use in research is justified.
23.	Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al. (author) Relating Competitive Golfers’ Perceived Emotions and Performance 2021 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 128:4, s. 1549-1568 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The present study examined relationships between golfers’ self-perceived emotions (e.g., irritability, nervousness, tension), task-oriented coping, perceived control, and performance during a golf competition. We implemented a process-oriented golf analysis in which competitors rated these variables hole-by-hole in a competitive golf round. Within a two-level Bayesian multivariate autoregressive model, we showed that (a) within persons, emotions and task-oriented coping were reactions that stemmed from performance on the previous hole; and (b) between persons, player skill level predicted both better scores and the ability to limit the influence of negative affect on performance. These findings highlight the complex nature of the relationship between emotions and performance. Future studies might use a similarly ecologically valid research design to more precisely measure aspects of time and potentially moderating effects of player skill level and personality. An increased understanding of the dynamic relationship between emotions and performance can promote the development of effective psychological interventions for optimal performance outcomes.
24.	Lundquist, Pär, 1973-, et al. (author) Sound levels in classrooms and effects on self-reported mood among school children 2006 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Ammons Scientific. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 96:3 Pt 2, s. 1289-1299 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The principle of this field study is an investigation of recorded sound levels in 24 classrooms and relations between sound level measures and aspects of children's rated annoyance, task orientation, and inattentiveness. The background sound-exposure levels were distributed within the interval of 33-42 dB(A)eq and the activity sound level exposure ranged between 47-68 dB(A)eq. The recorded levels must be considered as high for work environments where steady concentration and undisturbed communication is essential. Results do not support the hypothesis that lower background-sound level and fewer students per class would improve the sound environment by generating a lower activity noise or the hypothesis that higher sound levels should increase annoyance and inattentiveness as well as deteriorate task orientation ratings.
25.	Nielsen, NP, et al. (author) Clinical utility of color-form naming in Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary evidence 2004 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 99:3, s. 1201-1204 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Performances on Alzheimer's Quick Test color-form naming and Mini-Mental State Examination were compared for 38 adults with Alzheimer's disease and 38 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Group means differed significantly and indicated longer naming times by adults with Alzheimer's disease. The specificity for AQT color-form naming was 97% and sensitivity 97%, i.e., 3% false negatives. The specificity for Mini-Mental State Examination was 100% and sensitivity 84%, i.e., 16% false negatives. These findings, while supporting AQT color-form naming as a screening test for reductions in cognitive speed associated with Alzheimer's disease, are preliminary given the relatively small sample.
26.	Niklasson, Mats, et al. (author) Sensorimotor Therapy : Using Stereotypic Movements and Vestibular Stimulation to Increase Sensorimotor Proficiency of Children with Attentional and Motor Difficulties 2009 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 108:3, s. 643-669 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The current naturalistic study examined whether sensorimotor therapy utilizing the training program, Retraining for Balance, might be an appropriate technique for sensorimotor proficiency. The 232 children (181 boys, 51 girls), whose mean age was 9.3 yr. (SD = 2.7), presented attentional and motor difficulties (according to the School Health Care) as indicated by their parents before starting therapy. The children were divided into three groups, i.e., a younger group (7 yr. old or younger, n = 65), a middle group (8 to 10 yr. old, n =91), and an older group (11 yr. old or older, n = 76). The program has seven parts, including fetal and neonatal movements, vestibular and auditory perceptual stimulation, and gross motor movements, among others. The treatment period was close to 3 yr. on the average. Analyses in a repeated-measures design indicated significant improvement of sensorimotor skills among the three age groups, but the older children performed better than the others on several tests. There were only a few sex differences. Retraining for Balance may be a functional technique for training children and youth with sensorimotor difficulties and might constitute a complement to regular treatment of Developmental Coordination Disorder, Learning Disability, and ADHD, but controlled studies are necessary before more decisive conclusions can be drawn.Read More: http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.108.3.643-669
27.	Nilsson, Johanna, et al. (author) ATTRIBUTES OF AESTHETIC QUALITY USED BY TEXTILE CONSERVATORS IN EVALUATING CONSERVATION INTERVENTIONS ON MUSEUM COSTUMES 2015 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 121:1, s. 199-218 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aesthetic quality is central to textile conservators when evaluating a conservation method. However, the literature on textile conservation chiefly focuses on physical properties, and little is known about what factors determine aesthetic quality according to textile conservators. The latter was explored through two experiments. Experiment 1 explored the underlying attributes of aesthetic quality of textile conservation interventions. Experiment 2 explored the relationships between these attributes and how well they predicted aesthetic quality. Rank-order correlation analyses revealed two latent factors called Coherence and Completeness. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that Coherence was the most important predictor of aesthetic quality. This means that a successful conservation intervention is visually well-integrated with the textile item in terms of the material and method.
28.	Nilsson, Johanna, 1981, et al. (author) Visual Aesthetic Perceptions and Preferences in Conserved Objects of Plain Silk : Comparison of Three Conservation Methods 2016 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 122:3, s. 777-798 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Three conservation methods were executed on bonnets in plain monochrome silk, to investigate which method is perceived as the most visually aesthetic; 11 bonnets were produced, 10 given identical damages, and 9 were conserved, 3 with each method. The damage was secured onto a support fabric with laid couching, a long stitch fastened with short perpendicular stitches, or brick couching, short stitches placed like brick-work, or covered with crepeline (a semi-transparent silk). The participants were 30 Swedish textile conservators (29 women; ages 29-78 years, M = 51.9, SD = 12.9), and 30 museum visitors (20 women; ages 15-74 years, M = 41.1, SD = 18.3). The participants' task was to rate the bonnets on a 100-point continuous preference scale, based on how visually attractive they found each bonnet. Preferences were compared between the two groups of participants and the conservation methods. The bonnets with crepeline were the most preferred, and those with laid couching were the least preferred, among both groups of participants.
29.	Norlander, Torsten, et al. (author) Sensorimotor therapy: using stereotypic movements and vestibular stimulation to increase sensorimotor proficiency of children with attentional and motor difficulties 2009 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 108:3, s. 643-669 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
30.	Ordqvist, A., et al. (author) Information and repetition change children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks and without gaze cues 2013 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 116:1, s. 144-162 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Gaze cues and direct gaze attract visual attention. However, few studies have explored visual cues in children within realistic contexts. The effect of information and repetitive stimulus presentation has not been thoroughly studied with dynamic stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate how information affects the visual strategies of children measured by the number of fixations on certain areas of interest and their durations. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of gaze cues and direct gaze. In two consecutive experiments, children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks were measured by an eye tracker. Gaze cues were only present in Experiment 1. The results showed that repetitive stimulus presentation and information caused children to change their visual strategies when viewing magic tricks with and without gaze cues. However, the effect was larger when the gaze cues were not present. These findings in children were similar to those in adults.
31.	Ordqvist, Anna, et al. (author) Information and Repetition Change Children's Visual Strategies When Viewing Magic Tricks With and Without Gaze Cues 2013 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Ammons Scientific. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 116:1, s. 144-162 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Gaze cues and direct gaze attract visual attention. However, few studies have explored visual cues in children within realistic contexts. The effect of information and repetitive stimulus presentation has not been thoroughly studied with dynamic stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate how information affects the visual strategies of children measured by the number of fixations on certain areas of interest and their durations. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of gaze cues and direct gaze. In two consecutive experiments, children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks were measured by an eye tracker. Gaze cues were only present in Experiment 1.The results showed that repetitive stimulus presentation and information caused children to change their visual strategies when viewing magic tricks with and without gaze cues. However, the effect was larger when the gaze cues were not present. These findings in children were similar to those in adults.
32.	Padrón-Cabo, Alexis, et al. (author) Test–Retest Reliability of Skill Tests in the F-MARC Battery for Youth Soccer Players 2019 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 126:5, s. 1006-1023 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study aimed to evaluate the test–retest reliability of soccer skill tests belonging to the F-MARC test battery. To avoid bias during talent identification and development, coaches and scouts should be using reliable tests for assessing soccer-specific skills in young male players. Fifty-two U-14 outfield male soccer players performed F-MARC soccer skill tests on two occasions, separated by 7 days. After familiarization, we administered two trial sessions of five skill tests: speed dribbling, juggling, shooting, passing, and heading. We assessed absolute reliability by expressing the standard error of measurement as a coefficient of variation with 95% limits of agreement, and we assessed relative reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient and with Pearson’s correlation (r). The results demonstrated satisfactory relative and absolute reliability for speed dribbling, right foot juggling, short passing, shooting a dead ball right, shooting from a pass, heading in front, and heading right. However, reliability values for left foot juggling, chest-head-foot juggling, head-left-foot-right foot-chest-head juggling, long pass, and shooting a dead ball left tests were not strong enough to suggest their usage by coaches in training or sport scientists in research.
33.	Pereira, Mauro, et al. (author) Goal Side Selection of Penalty Shots in Soccer: A Laboratory Study and Analyses of Men’s World Cup Shoot-Outs. 2021 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 128:5, s. 2279-2303 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Penalty kicks in soccer provide a unique scenario in which to examine human choice behavior under competitive conditions. Here, we report two studies examining the tendency for soccer kickers to select the goal side with the largest area to the left or right of the goalkeeper’s veridical midline, when the goalkeeper stands marginally off-center. In Study I participants viewed realistic images of a soccer goal and goalkeeper with instructions to choose the left or right side of the goalmouth to best score a goal. We systematically displaced the goalkeeper’s position along the goal line; and, to simulate changes in the kicker’s viewing position, we systematically displaced the lateral position of the goalmouth in each image. While, overall, participants tended to choose the left over the right goal side, this preference was modulated by the goalkeeper’s position relative to the center of the goal and jointly on the lateral position of the goalmouth relative to the participants’ body midline. In Study II we analyzed 100 penalty shots from men’s world cup shoot-outs between the years 1982 to 2018. Again, we found a small tendency for kickers to aim the ball to the left goal side, but with barely any modulating effect of changes in the goalkeeper’s position and no effect of changes in the kicker’s position. In contrast to earlier claims that a goalkeeper may benefit by standing marginally to the left or right of the center of the goal to influence the direction of the kicker’s shot, our findings suggest that this is probably not a good strategy in elite football competitions.
34.	Poom, Leo, et al. (author) Are mechanisms for perception of biological motion different from mechanisms for perception of nonbiological motion? 2002 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 95:3F, s. 1301-1310 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We compared the integration of informacion over space and time for perceiving different configurations of moving dots: a walking person (biological motion), rigid three-dimensional shapes, and unidirectional coherent motion of all dots (translation). No performance differences in judging walking direction and coherent translation direction were obtained in conditions with constant presentation times and varying number of target dots (integration over space). Depending on the speed of the two-dimensional configurations judgments were either worse or better than the judgments of walking direction. The results for conditions with different presentation times (integration over time) show that information about biological motion is integrated over time that increases with increasing gait period, while two-dimensional unidirectional motion is integrated over constant time independent of speed. The effect is not due to the oscillatory nature of the biological motion since information about a rigid three-dimensional shape is summed over a constant time independent of the period of the mocion cycle. This could be interpreted as different neural mechanisms mediating the temporal summation for walking direction compared to detecting the orientation of rigid structure, or the direction of two-dimensional unidirectional motion. Since biological motion is characterized by nonrigidity, it is possible that the form itself is integrated over time and not the motion pattern.
35.	Runeson, Roma, et al. (author) Pilot study of personality traits assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) in asthma, atopy, and rhinitis 2011 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 113:3, s. 909-920 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Asthma and atopy are common diseases. To study associations between personality and asthma, atopy, rhinitis, and personality traits were measured on the Karolinska Scales of Personality for 193 persons working in 19 buildings with suspected indoor air problems. In addition, information on history of atopy, asthma, and rhinitis was collected by postal questionnaire. In analyses, asthma was associated with higher impulsiveness scores, and atopy in non-asthmatics was associated with higher social desirability scores and lower irritability, guilt, and impulsiveness scores. Non-atopic rhinitis was associated with scores on several anxiety-related scales, while atopic rhinitis was not associated with scores on the Karolinska Scales of Personality. This exploration implies that asthma, atopy, and rhinitis may be associated with various but different personality trait scores. The finding of such personality trait associations in persons with non-asthmatic atopy raises the question of a potential role of an emotional conflict in atopy and the role of personality in asthma, atopy, and rhinitis.
36.	Runeson, Roma, et al. (author) Projective drawings for assessing stress among subjects with medical symptoms compatible with sick building syndrome, and validation of a modified version of the Stress Load Index from the Drawing Personality Profile : a pilot study 2007 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 104:1, s. 111-122 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract It was hypothesized that subjects with medical symptoms would show more signs of stress in projective drawings. A Stress Load Index, including five signs of stress in drawings, was evaluated. A questionnaire with an instruction to draw "a person in the rain" was sent to a cohort of 195 subjects, and the drawings were analysed blindly for eight stress items. Men had a higher index than women (p < .05) and drew clouds more often (p < .05). Drawing of clouds was associated with headache (adjOR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.75; 11.68). Drawing of puddles was associated with ocular symptoms (adjOR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.38, 7.50), facial dermal symptoms (adjOR= 2.94; 95% CI 1.28, 6.81), and tiredness (adjOR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.05, 5.67). Drawing of long rain strokes was associated with nasal symptoms (adjOR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.05, 2.06) and headache (adjOR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.28, 8.05). Age and stress load were predictors of sick building syndrome symptoms (p < .05). In conclusion, a nonverbal projective drawing test detected sex differences which represent directions opposite to those with verbal methods. These need empirical assessment.
37.	Sundbom, Elisabet, et al. (author) Prediction of outcome in transsexualism by means of the Defense Mechanism Test and multivariate modeling : a pilot study. 1999 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 88:1, s. 3-20 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To elaborate the predictive value of the projective method using the Defense Mechanism Test in a 5-yr. follow-up study of 16 transsexuals, all subjects were approved for sex reassignment surgery and had completed the baseline assessments and the 5-yr. follow-up evaluation. Furthermore, we intended to create an outcome model based on the test data for prior patients wherein new consecutive applicants for sex change could be tested to predict the outcome in individual cases. Outcomes after five years showed that 62% of the transsexuals were judged as improved in a variety of areas of psychosocial functioning, 19% were unchanged, and 19% were worsened. Firstly, the analysis of the test data confirmed differences between the improved transsexuals and those who were not. Secondly, sex differences were found, with female-to-male transsexuals having a better outcome and being more homogeneous than their male counterparts. Thirdly, there was good correspondence in prediction of outcome between the model based on the Defense Mechanism Test and a clinical judgment made by a psychiatrist for two new applicants for sex reassignment surgery. It appears the Defense Mechanism Test has a predictive ability for patients with gender-identity disorder.
38.	van den Berg, Johannes, et al. (author) Performance on a simple reaction time task while sleep deprived 2006 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 102:2, s. 589-599 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Divergent results have been reported on the effect of a night's sleep loss on performance of a single monotonous task. The present experiment examined the effect that partial sleep deprivation had on 10 participants' performance on a simple reaction time task requiring low responding for 120 min. compared to performance on the same task when well rested. Participants missed significantly more signals and had slower reaction times when sleep deprived. Reaction times increased with time when participants were both sleep deprived and rested, but the number of misses did not significantly change over time. Reaction time was significantly correlated with subjective ratings of sleepiness and heart rate in both conditions. EEG and heart-rate variability measures did not correlate significantly with reaction time. Misses correlated significantly with subjective ratings and heart rate but only in the rested condition.
39.	Weydahl, A, et al. (author) Seasonal variations in melatonin may modulate glycemic response to exercise 1998 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 86:33 Pt 1, s. 1061-1062 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract After a 30-min. standardized bicycle exercise at two times of day in 5 mo. of the year, 62 subjects showed a yearly variation in their glycemic response that was about 5 months out of phase with the peak levels in the light sensitive hormone melatonin, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between melatonin and glucose utilization.
40.	Wiig, Elisabeth H, et al. (author) Parietal lobe activation in rapid, automatized naming by adults. 2002 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 94:3 Pt 2, s. 1230-44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Three automatic naming tasks (Wiig & Nielsen, 1999) were administered to 60 normally functioning adults. The mean time required for naming 40 single-dimension (colors, forms, numbers, and letters) and 40 dual-dimension stimuli (color-form, color-number, and color-letter combinations) were compared in young (17-38 yr.) and older (40-68 yr.) men and women. Analysis of variance for the combined groups indicated significant naming-time differences for age but not for sex. There were no significant interaction effects. For men there was a significant naming time difference between age groups for forms, and for women for colors and forms. The sex-specific analyses indicated no significant differences in naming time based on age groups for color-form, color-number, or color-letter combinations. In a second study of adult subjects (n = 14), functional brain activity was measured with regional cerebral blood flow during the performance of the color, form, and color-form naming tasks. One subject was repeatedly measured during the performance of each task, whereas 13 subjects were measured during the performance of color-form naming. In comparison to normal reference values for rest and FAS verbal fluency, blood-flow measurements showed a consistent parietal-lobe activation during form and color-form naming, but only a slight activation during color naming. During all naming tasks, a significant frontal and frontotemporal flow decrease was seen in comparison to both rest and verbal fluency reference values. This functional brain activation pattern of a parietal increase and a frontotemporal decrease was consistently confirmed across subjects during the color-form naming task.
41.	Zheng, Li (author) Intensity of odor and sensory irritation as a function of hexanal concentration and interpresentation intervals : An exploratory study 2010 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 111:1, s. 210-228 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Hexanal is a suspected irritant in indoor air. Free-number magnitude estimation was used to measure intensity of odor and sensory irritation of two test concentrations (64 or 178 ppb) as a function of five concentrations and four interpresentation intervals. 9 of 12 participants (6 men, 6 women, ages 20–30 years) were able to detect the odor and report sensory irritation. The method of constant stimuli was applied to calculate the absolute thresholds of hexanal, which were 25 ppb for odor and 281 ppb for sensory irritation. Well-fitting power functions had a higher exponent for sensory-irritation intensity than for odor intensity (0.71 vs 0.66). A statistically significant effect on odor intensity was found for the concentration of presentations preceding the test stimuli and an interaction between concentrations and interpresentation intervals; however, sensory irritation was experienced to last longer than the odor of the same concentration.
42.	Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al. (author) Graphometric variables of one's signature : II. Correlations with measures of perception, cognitive function, and personality 2008 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 107:1, s. 197-221 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study focused on interrelations between graphometric variables of the signature and measures of perception, cognitive function, and personality. Signatures from a sample of psychiatric and somatic outpatients (N=205) were analyzed into 23 graphometric variables and correlated with tests of IQ, cognitive and perceptual function, and personality. The results of a factor analysis of the graphometric, perceptual, and cognitive variables were very much like results from previous studies. Relationships with the graphometric variables can be described in five categories of intelligence, psychomotility, flexibility and speed of closure, and personality. Graphometric signs of Extraversion and Neuroticism were identified, and the two capitals in the signature indicated different psychological meanings. Measurements of the signature offered important personality information. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2008.
43.	Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al. (author) Graphometric variables of one's signature : I. Basic measures 2007 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 105:3 I, s. 733-752 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study focused on statistical properties and interrelationships of graphometric variables of the signatures of outpatients, 100 men and 119 women, remitted from somatic and psychiatric clinics for possible psychotherapy or for tests of IQ, personality, or brain lesions. The patients' signature on test forms were used. The type of handwriting was classified into Common, Print and Block letters, quantified in breadth, length, and area and grades of slant of minuscules ("lower-case letters") and majuscules ("upper- case"). Analysis indicated sex and age played roles in style of handwriting and size of letters, writing styles differed on most graphometric variables, and meaningful patterns of interrelationships among graphometric variables were specified by factor analysis. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2007.
44.	Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al. (author) Inner images and delineations of parental figures reported by psychotherapeutic outpatients 2006 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 103:3, s. 931-945 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Psychotherapeutic outpatients (10 men, 20 women) were tested with the Inner Images of Parental Figures. Each subject imagined first his mother and then his father. Questions were asked about size, look, and spatial and emotional distance of the imagined parent. The patient was then asked to describe the personality of each parent by underlining at least 20 of 85 adjectives in a list called Family Climate Scale. This originally consisted of four factors, Closeness, Spontaneity, Distance, and Chaos, but the two administered were Factor I (positive traits) and Factor II (negative traits). Emotional distance correlated positively with Factor I and negatively with Factor II. For the maternal figure there was a correlation with distance in metres and Factor I scores. The Inner Images of Parental Figures may be a valuable complement in psychotherapy, mapping out emotional relations between patients and their parents. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2006.
45.	Akerstedt, T, et al. (author) Bright light as a sleepiness prophylactic: a laboratory study of subjective ratings and EEG 2003 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - 0031-5125. ; 97:33 Pt 1, s. 811-819 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
46.	Andersson, Gerhard (author) Decreased use of hearing aids following training in hearing tactics 1998 In: PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS. - : PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS. - 0031-5125. ; 87:2, s. 703-706 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this report data on hearing aid use were combined from three randomized controlled studies on behavioural hearing tactics. Daily average hearing aid use at pretreatment and posttreatment were analysed for 63 older hearing-impaired persons who had eith
47.	Axelsson, O (author) Towards a psychology of photography: dimensions underlying aesthetic appeal of photographs 2007 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - 0031-5125. ; 105:2, s. 411-434 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
48.	Berglund, B, et al. (author) Identification of sounds from traffic 2003 In: Perceptual and motor skills. - 0031-5125. ; 97:33 Pt 1, s. 675-688 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
49.	Bierschenk, Bernhard (author) An ecological model for the processing of symbolic information 1982 In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125. ; 54, s. 663-674 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article attempts to prove that an adequate cognition oriented approach to the processing of symbolic information abstracted from verbal expressions must consider a running text instead of scattered sentences. It is argued that the dominant cognition models do not give due consideration to the fact that a valid abstraction of in-formation structures has to be based on an explicit encoding of intentionality and valuation. Following a critical discussion of the foundations of the existing models, it is stated that a model is required that can cope with empirical context and novelty instead of truth-values in semantic-logical contexts. The proposed theory has been validated on empirical text materials. It is shown that its underlying key relations can be extracted by means of discriminant functions and given a meaning¬ful interpretation.
50.	Birgegard, A, et al. (author) Methodology in subliminal psychodynamic activation: The next step in the debate 2001 In: PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS. - : PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS. - 0031-5125. ; 92:2, s. 504-506 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Subliminal psychodynamic activation methodology has recently been the subject of an exchange of views between Birgegard and Sohlberg (1999) and Fudin (2000). The agreements and some remaining points of contention are summarized here. The main difference o

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