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  • Result 1-36 of 36
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  • Akusjärvi, Göran, et al. (author)
  • Remodelling of the host cell RNA splicing machinery during an adenovirusinfection
  • 2003
  • In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. - 0070-217X .- 2196-9965. ; 272, s. 253-286
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Adenovirus makes extensive use of RNA splicing to produce a complex set of spliced mRNAs during virus replication. All transcription units, except pIX and IVa2, encode multiple alternatively spliced mRNAs. The accumulation of viral mRNAs is subjected to a temporal regulation, a mechanism that ensures that proteins that are needed at certain stages of the viral life cycle are produced. The complex interaction between host cell RNA splicing factors and viral regulatory elements has been studied intensely during the last decade. Such studies have begun to produce a picture of how adenovirus remodels the host cell RNA splicing machinery to orchestrate the shift from the early to the late profile of viral mRNA accumulation. Recent progress has to a large extent focused on the mechanisms regulating E1A and L1 alternative splicing. Here we will review the current knowledge of cis-acting sequence element, trans-acting factors and mechanisms controlling E1A and L1 alternative splicing.
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  • Clemens, John, et al. (author)
  • When, How, and Where can Oral Cholera Vaccines be Used to Interrupt Cholera Outbreaks?
  • 2014
  • In: Cholera Outbreaks. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. ; 379, s. 231-258
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Cholera continues to be a major global health problem, at times causing major and prolonged outbreaks in both endemic and nonendemic settings in developing countries. While improved water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) will provide the ultimate solution to prevention of this disease burden, this is a far-off goal for most developing countries. Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been demonstrated to be effective in the control of cholera outbreaks, and constitute useful tools to be used in conjunction with efforts to improve WASH. Two killed OCVs are prequalified by WHO for purchase by UN agencies for international use. Recently, WHO has launched a global stockpile of killed OCVs for use to control outbreaks. Rational deployment of OCV from this stockpile will require consideration of costs, feasibility, disease epidemiology, and the protective characteristics of the vaccine deployed, as well as effective and rapid coordination of processes and logistics used to make decisions on deployment and delivery of the vaccine to the population in need. Despite not having data on all the questions of relevance as to how to use OCVs to control cholera outbreaks in different settings, there is clearly more than enough evidence to initiate their use, as answers to remaining questions and refinement of policies will mainly come with experience.
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  • Dimberg, Anna (author)
  • Chemokines in Angiogenesis
  • 2010
  • In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X .- 2196-9965. ; 341, s. 59-80
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Chemokines are a family of small heparin-binding proteins, mostly known for their role in inflammation and immune surveillance, which have emerged as important regulators of angiogenesis. Chemokines influence angiogenesis either through recruitment of pro-angiogenic immune cells and endothelial progenitors to the neo-vascular niche or via direct regulation of endothelial function downstream of activation of G-protein coupled chemokine receptors. The dual function of chemokines in regulating immune response and angiogenesis confers a central role in modulating the tissue microenvironment. Therefore, chemokines may constitute attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in several pathological disorders. This review will summarize the current understanding of the role of chemokines in angiogenesis, and give an overview of angiostatic and angiogenic chemokines and their crosstalk with other angiogenic factors.
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  • Dobrindt, Ulrich, et al. (author)
  • Preface
  • 2013
  • In: Between Pathogenecity and Commensalism. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. - 9783642365607 ; 358
  • Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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  • Johannesson, Martina, et al. (author)
  • Genetics of autoimmune diseases: a multistep process.
  • 2006
  • In: Current Concepts in Autoimmunity and Chronic Inflammation (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology). - : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. - 9783540297130 ; :305
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Abstract in UndeterminedIt has so far been difficult to identify genes behind polygenic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type I diabetes (T1D). With proper animal models, some of the complexity behind these diseases can be reduced. The use of linkage analysis and positional cloning of genes in animal models for RA resulted in the identification of one of the genes regulating severity of arthritis in rats and mice, the Ncf1 gene. The Ncf1 gene encodes for the Ncf1 protein that is involved in production of free oxygen radicals through the NADPH oxidase complex, which opens up a new pathway for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases. in most cases, however, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) is the sum effect of several genes within and outside the QTL, which make positional cloning difficult. Here we will discuss the possibilities and difficulties of gene identification in animal models of autoimmune disorders.
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  • Johansson, S, et al. (author)
  • NK cells in autoimmune disease
  • 2006
  • In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. ; 298, s. 259-277
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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  • Jondal, M, et al. (author)
  • Thymocyte apoptosis by glucocorticoids and cAMP
  • 1995
  • In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. ; 200, s. 67-79
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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  • Kadri, N, et al. (author)
  • Dynamic Regulation of NK Cell Responsiveness
  • 2016
  • In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0070-217X. ; 395, s. 95-114
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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  • NORRBY, E (author)
  • The paradigms of measles vaccinology
  • 1995
  • In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. ; 191, s. 167-180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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  • Obrig, Tom G, et al. (author)
  • Shiga toxin pathogenesis : kidney complications and renal failure
  • 2012
  • In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. ; 357, s. 36-105
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The kidneys are the major organs affected in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D(+)HUS). The pathophysiology of renal disease in D(+)HUS is largely the result of the interaction between bacterial virulence factors such as Shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide and host cells in the kidney and in the blood circulation. This chapter describes in detail the current knowledge of how these bacterial toxins may lead to kidney disease and renal failure. The toxin receptors expressed by specific blood and resident renal cell types are also discussed as are the actions of the toxins on these cells.
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  • Pietras, Alexander, et al. (author)
  • The HIF-2alpha-Driven Pseudo-Hypoxic Phenotype in Tumor Aggressiveness, Differentiation, and Vascularization.
  • 2010
  • In: Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X. - 9783642133299 - 9783642133282 ; 345, s. 1-20
  • Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Cellular adaptation to diminished tissue oxygen tensions, hypoxia, is largely governed by the hypoxia inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. Tumor hypoxia and high HIF protein levels are frequently associated with aggressive disease. In recent years, high tumor cell levels of HIF-2 and the oxygen sensitive subunit HIF-2alpha have been associated with unfavorable disease and shown to be highly expressed in tumor stem/initiating cells originating from neuroblastoma and glioma, respectively. In these cells, HIF-2 is active under nonhypoxic conditions as well, creating a pseudo-hypoxic phenotype with clear influence on tumor behavior. Neuroblastoma tumor initiating cells are immature with a neural crest-like phenotype and downregulation of HIF-2alpha in these cells results in neuronal sympathetic differentiation and the cells become phenotypically similar to the bulk of neuroblastoma cells found in clinical specimens. Knockdown of HIF-2alpha in neuroblastoma and glioma tumor stem/initiating cells leads to reduced levels of VEGF and poorly vascularized, highly necrotic tumors. As high HIF-2alpha expression further correlates with disseminated disease as demonstrated in neuroblastoma, glioma, and breast carcinoma, we propose that targeting HIF-2alpha and/or the pseudo-hypoxic phenotype induced by HIF-2 under normoxic conditions has great clinical potential.
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  • Shannon, Oonagh, et al. (author)
  • Modulation of the Coagulation System During Severe Streptococcal Disease.
  • 2012
  • In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Haemostasis is maintained by a tightly regulated coagulation system that comprises platelets, procoagulant proteins, and anticoagulant proteins. During the local and systemic response to bacterial infection, the coagulation system becomes activated, and contributes to the pathophysiological response to infection. The significant human pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes has multiple strategies to modulate coagulation. This can range from systemic activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of coagulation to local stimulation of fibrinolysis. Such diverse effects on this host system imply a finely tuned host-bacteria interaction. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this modulation of the coagulation system are discussed in this review.
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  • Svensson, M, et al. (author)
  • Human Organotypic Respiratory Models
  • 2021
  • In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0070-217X .- 2196-9965. ; 430, s. 29-54
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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  • Result 1-36 of 36

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