| 1. |
- Realo, Anu, et al.
(author)
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Mind-reading ability : Beliefs and performance
- 2003
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 37:5, s. 420-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Every adult possesses and uses to a various extent, a powerful tool, a theory of mind. The ability to recognize emotions, intentions, and thoughts of others is an important component of social competence. The use of personality questionnaires implies that people are aware of their personality traits, experienced emotions, values, and attitudes. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that a normal adult is aware of his or her mind-reading abilities and can estimate, in relation to the others, how good he or she is at judging other person’s traits, states of mind, emotions, and intentions. In this study we have demonstrated that a person’s beliefs about their own mind-reading ability forms a single and unitary dimension. If a person believes that he or she is competent in forming judgments about another person’s personality traits then he or she has a relatively high opinion of their abilities to read another person’s thoughts and emotions. However, the results of our research show that the self-reported mind-reading ability was not correlated with actual performance. Those who believe that they are good at reading others’ minds are generally neither (1) significantly better than the others in recognition of emotions expressed in face or speech, nor (2) superior in their estimation of the personality traits of a stranger. The self-reported mind-reading ability was correlated with personality traits but not with psychometrically measured intelligence. On the contrary, the actual mind-reading performance was correlated with IQ scores. It is discussed why individuals are relatively accurate in estimation of their own personality but lack metaknowledge about their mind-reading abilities.
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| 2. |
- Akrami, Nazar, et al.
(author)
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Prejudice : the person in the situation
- 2009
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 43:5, s. 890-897
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In two experimental studies, we created situational conditions (social norm and social threat) that altered the level of expressed prejudice in two different directions (decrease or increase). Then, we examined the stability of the relation between personality and prejudice across conditions and found that personality variables were related to prejudice in a similar way regardless of variations in prejudice level and situations. Thus, whereas situational factors affect the level of people's prejudice, personality factors stand for the rank-order stability of prejudice. The outcome is discussed in relation to the current debate on whether prejudice is best explained by personality or situational factors.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
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Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians
- 2022
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Personality Differentiation by Intelligence Hypothesis (PDIH) predicts larger trait-variances, and smaller across-trait covariances for individuals with higher intelligence. We tested these predictions using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFA), while controlling for the potential confound of systematic method variance related to reversed items using a correlated trait, correlated method (CTCM) approach. Participants between the ages of 62 and 68 completed measures of personality (Mini-IPIP: Donnellan et al., 2006) and intelligence (Raven APM-12: Arthur & Day, 1994). After establishing strict measurement invariance (MI), we found no support for larger variances, and only minor support for lower trait covariances as related to higher intelligence. Overall, the findings provide scant support for the PDIH when controlling for systematic method variance.
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| 4. |
- Aspernäs, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Misperceptions in a post-truth world: Effects of subjectivism and cultural relativism on bullshit receptivity and conspiracist ideation
- 2023
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This research investigated whether belief in truth relativism yields higher receptivity to misinformation. Two studies with representative samples from Sweden (Study 1, N = 1005) and the UK (Study 2, N = 417) disentangled two forms of truth relativism: subjectivism (truth is relative to subjective intuitions) and cultural relativism (truth is relative to cultural context). In Study 1, subjectivism was more strongly associated with receptivity to pseudo-profound bullshit and conspiracy theories than cultural relativism was. In Study 2 (preregistered), subjectivism predicted higher receptivity to both forms of misinformation over and above effects of analytical and actively open-minded thinking, profoundness receptivity, ideology, and demographics; the unique effects of cultural relativism were in the opposite direction (Study 1) or non-significant (Study 2).
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| 5. |
- Deuling, Jacqueline K., et al.
(author)
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Perceived influence in groups over time : how associations with personality and cognitive ability can change over time
- 2011
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 45:6, s. 576-585
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability of personality and cognitive ability to predict perceptions of group influence in small work groups are assessed both in initial and advanced stages of group formation. Extraversion is found important to initial perceptions of intra-group influence, which is partially mediated by peer-perceived social-emotional usefulness. After a few months, reputations are established and everyone has met: now work needs to get done efficiently and accurately and cognitive ability predicts increases in perceived group influence, which is partially mediated by perceived intelligence. After even more time, other Big Five personality traits become important to changes in perceived group influence, with positive associations with openness to experience, and negative associations with neuroticism and conscientiousness. The study findings and implications are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Changes in within- and between-person associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well-being after retirement
- 2019
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 79, s. 151-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is associated with higher well-being. However, little is known about change or stability in this association over the life span. We therefore investigated changes in the association between well-being and basic psychological need satisfaction in the retirement transition. Data was drawn from four waves of the Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,074, M (age) = 63.16; 53.61% female). Multi-level models were conducted and the analyses revealed evidence for continuity as well as systematic changes in within- and between-person associations across the retirement transition. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of applying a longitudinal design and a life span perspective on basic psychological need satisfaction.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Joanna, et al.
(author)
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Low modesty linked to feeling deprived within advantaged (but not disadvantaged) groups
- 2023
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing recognition that members of structurally advantaged groups experience group-based relative deprivation. We consider the idea that personality may explain these “entitlement-based” feelings of deprivation. Specifically, we predicted that modesty would be negatively associated with group-based relative deprivation among members of advantaged groups, but not amongst disadvantaged groups. Two studies focusing on White and Black Americans (N = 334), and Men and Women (N = 309) showed that modesty interacted with group membership. Modesty was negatively related to group-based relative deprivation amongst White Americans and men, but not amongst Black Americans and women. The findings help explain why some individuals espouse rhetoric that their group is being disfavored, even when group statistics and history suggest otherwise.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Artur, et al.
(author)
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The congruency between moral foundations and intentions to donate, self-reported donations, and actual donations to charity
- 2016
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 65, s. 22-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We extend past research on the congruency between moral foundations and morally relevant outcomes to ingroup- and outgroup-focused charitable giving. We measured intentions to donate to outgroup members (begging EU-migrants) and self-reported donations to ingroup (medical research) and outgroup (international aid) charity organizations in a heterogeneous sample (N = 1008) and actual donations to ingroup (cancer treatment) and outgroup (hunger relief) organizations in two experimental studies (N = 126; N = 200). Individualizing intuitions predicted helping in general across self-report and behavioral data. Binding intuitions predicted higher donations to ingroup causes, lower donations to outgroup causes, and less intentions to donate to outgroup members in the self-report data, and they predicted lower donations overall in the behavioral data.
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| 10. |
- Rentfrow, Jason, et al.
(author)
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Happy States of America : A state-level analysis of psychological, economic, and social well-being
- 2009
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 43:6, s. 1073-1082
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cross-national research indicates that well-being is comparatively high in wealthy nations where importance is placed on freedom, self-expression, and independence. The present research aimed to replicate and extend previous work by examining the geographic distribution and correlates of well-being within the US. Links between the Gallup Organization’s Well-being Index and state-level indicators of wealth, class structure, education, social diversity, and personality were examined. Results suggested that residents of states with high levels of well-being were wealthier, better educated, more tolerant, and emotionally stable compared to residents of states with comparatively low levels of well-being. Analyses indicated that connections between well-being and class structure, diversity, and personality remained after controlling income. Causes and consequences of regional differences in well-being are discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Thingujam, Nutankumar S., et al.
(author)
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Distinct emotional abilities converge : Evidence from emotional understanding and emotion recognition through the voice
- 2012
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 46:3, s. 350-354
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One key criterion for whether Emotional Intelligence (EI) truly fits the definition of ‘‘intelligence’’ is that individual branches of EI should converge. However, for performance tests that measure actual ability, such convergence has been elusive. Consistent with theoretical perspectives for intelligence, we approach this question using EI measures that have objective standards for right answers. Examining emotion recognition through the voice—that is, the ability to judge an actor’s intended portrayal—and emotional understanding—that is, the ability to understand relationships and transitions among emotions—we find substantial convergence, r = .53. Results provide new data to inform the often heated debate about the validity of EI, and further the basis of optimism that EI may truly be considered intelligence.
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| 14. |
- von Eye, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Person-orientation in person–situation research
- 2009
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 43:2, s. 276-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article focuses on two tenets of person-oriented research and their implications for the person-situation integration in personality psychology. The first tenet states that development and structure of behavior are person-specific and the second that dimensional identity may not exist across individuals, time, or space. It is claimed that, if these tenets are accepted, they have far reaching implications for research strategy and the interpretation of findings in personality research. Two examples are given where the tenability of these tenets becomes crucial and where the uncritical use of standard methodology is called into question.
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| 15. |
- Zulka, Linn Elena, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Personality and reasoning ability during retirement age: Report from a Swedish population-based longitudinal study
- 2021
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the association between personality and level and change in reasoning ability in a population-based sample of older adults (62–68 years) using a three-year annual follow-up longitudinal study design (HEARTS; N = 3851). Personality traits were measured using the Mini-IPIP scale and reasoning using a short form of Raven's Matrices. Findings from a structural equation model, controlling for age, education, and sex, revealed that higher levels on extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were associated with lower reasoning ability (βs: −0.17 to −0.09). Higher levels of openness were associated with better reasoning (β: 0.16). We found no association with rate of change. This evidence replicates previous findings demonstrating that personality traits are associated with individual differences in cognition among older adults.
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| 16. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Five-factor inventories have a major higher order factor related to social desirability which can be reduced by framing items neutrally
- 2009
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566. ; 43:3, s. 335-344
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The factors in self-report inventories measuring the five-factor model (FFM) correlate with one another although they theoretically should not. Study 1 showed, across three different FFM-questionnaires, that almost all of the common variance between factors can be attributed to a single general factor related to social desirability. In Study 2, simple rephrasing of items from a FFM-questionnaire made them substantially less socially desirable, while the inventory’s empirical (five factor) structure remained the same. Participants low in social desirability showed little difference between how they responded to the original items vs. the neutral items. For participants high in social desirability the difference was considerably larger. The simplicity of reducing social desirability in self-rating inventories of the FFM, and the usefulness of this endeavor, is discussed.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Graham, E. K., et al.
(author)
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Personality predicts mortality risk: An integrative data analysis of 15 international longitudinal studies
- 2017
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566. ; 70, s. 174-186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of mortality risk, and smoking as a mediator of that association. Replication was built into the fabric of our design: we used a Coordinated Analysis with 15 international datasets, representing 44,094 participants. We found that high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were consistent predictors of mortality across studies. Smoking had a small mediating effect for neuroticism. Country and baseline age explained variation in effects: studies with older baseline age showed a pattern of protective effects (HR<1.00) for openness, and U.S. studies showed a pattern of protective effects for extraversion. This study demonstrated coordinated analysis as a powerful approach to enhance replicability and reproducibility, especially for aging-related longitudinal research. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Kallio Strand, Kalle, et al.
(author)
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Accounting for the evaluative factor in self-ratings provides a more accurate estimate of the relationship between personality traits and well-being
- 2021
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566. ; 93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social desirability may cause spurious relations in self-rating measures. The present study sought to disentangle socially desirable responding and content in the relation between measures of personality traits and well-being. Social desirability was operationalized as the evaluative factor (the tendency to react to evaluative content in questionnaire items). We collected self- and peer-ratings of personality and self-ratings of well-being from 219 participants. The evaluative factor in personality self-ratings significantly predicted well-being and explained more variance than all Big Five traits combined. The evaluative factor in personality peer-ratings had no unique relation to well-being. These findings suggest that previous estimates of the relationship between personality traits and well-being have generally been exaggerated. Different methods of accounting for social desirability are discussed.
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| 21. |
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