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| 3. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindberg, A. Michael, et al.
(author)
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Echovirus 5 : infectious transcripts and complete nucleotide sequence from uncloned cDNA
- 1999
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In: Virus Research. - 0168-1702. ; 59:1, s. 75-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Echovirus 5 (EV5) may be isolated from various neurological and exanthematic diseases. To determine the relationship of EV5 to other enteroviruses and for studies of its interactions with the target cell, the complete nucleotide sequence of EV5 was determined. Three overlapping fragments, collectively representing the complete genome, were amplified with RT–PCR and sequenced. Analysis of the EV5 sequence revealed a typical enterovirus-like organization of the genome. To verify that the cDNA generated sequence was derived from infectious viruses, complete EV5 genomes were amplified in one amplicon by long distance PCR. Transfection of in vitro transcribed RNA from these amplicons into cell cultures resulted in replicating EV5. Comparison of the overall nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrates that EV5 can be regarded as a coxsackievirus B-like enterovirus. Variable sequences between EV5 and the well characterized coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are for the most part observed for amino acid residues that correspond to exposed sequences in the CVB3 capsid. This observation indicates that the reported EV5 strain recently diverged from group B coxsackieviruses.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundholm, P, et al.
(author)
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DNA mucosal HIV vaccine in humans
- 2002
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In: Virus research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702. ; 82:1-2, s. 141-145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
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| 16. |
- Backström, Ellenor, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Adenovirus L4-22K stimulates major late transcription by a mechanism requiring the intragenic late-specific transcription factor-binding site
- 2010
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 151:2, s. 220-228
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) generates a primary transcript that undergoes a complex pattern of regulated alternative RNA splicing and polyadenylation events. The late-specific activation of the MLP requires binding of two infected-cell specific transcription factor complexes, DEF-A and DEF-B, to the so-called DE sequence located downstream of the MLP start site. Previous studies have shown that DEF-B is a homodimer of the viral IVa2 protein and suggested that DEF-A is a heterodimer of IVa2 and an unknown protein. Here we have searched for a possible DEF-A candidate protein. The adenovirus L4-33K protein functions as a virus-encoded alternative RNA splicing factor, stimulating cytoplasmic accumulation of most late viral mRNAs. Interestingly, the L4 region also encodes for a second related protein, L4-22K, which share the 105 amino-terminal amino acids with L4-33K. Here we show that L4-22K both in vivo and in vitro stimulates transcription from the MLP in a DE sequence dependent manner. We also show that the viral pIX promoter is a natural target, activated by L4-22K. Interestingly, the position of the L4-22K DNA binding site in a promoter does not appear to be critical for function. Thus, tethering L4-22K, as a BPV E2 DNA binding domain fusion protein either to a position upstream or downstream of the MLP start site, or upstream of a minimal E1B promoter, resulted in an activation of transcription. Collectively, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that L4-22K may be the elusive component of DEF-A that partakes in activation of the MLP.
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| 17. |
- Banabazi, Mohammad Hossein
(author)
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Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of Aleutian disease caused by Aleutian mink disease virus: a literature review with a perspective of genomic breeding for disease control in American mink (Neogale vison)
- 2023
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In: Virus Research. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 336
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aleutian disease (AD) is a multi-systemic infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Commonly referred to as mink plasmacytosis, AD is an economically significant disease in mink-breeding countries. Aleutian disease mainly induces weight loss, lower fertility, and dropped pelt quality in adults and can result in acute interstitial pneumonia with high mortality rates in kits. In this review, we employed the scientific literature on AD over the last 70 years to discuss the historical and contemporary status of AD outbreaks and seroprevalence in mink farming countries. We also explained different forms of AD and the differences between the pathogenicity of the virus in kits and adults. The application of the available AD serological tests in AD control strategies was argued. We explained how selection programs could help AD control and proposed different approaches to selecting animals for building AD-tolerant herds. The advantages of genomic selection for AD tolerance over traditional breeding strategies were discussed in detail. We also explained how genomic selection could help AD control by selecting tolerant animals for the next generation based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data and the challenges of implementing genomic selection for AD tolerance in the mink industry. This review collected the information required for designing successful breeding programs for AD tolerance. Examples of the application of information are presented, and data gaps are highlighted. We showed that AD tolerance is necessary to be among the traits that animals are selected for in the mink industry.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Blomström, Anne-Lie, et al.
(author)
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Detection of a novel porcine boca-like virus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
- 2009
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 146, s. 125-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) has been found to be the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). However, PCV-2 is a ubiquitous virus in the swine population and a majority of pigs infected with PCV-2 do not develop the disease. Different factors such as age, maintenance, the genetics of PCV-2, other pathogens, etc. have been suggested to contribute to the development of PMWS. However, so far no proven connection between any of these factors and the disease development has been found. In this study we explored the possible presence of other so far unknown DNA containing infectious agents in lymph nodes collected from Swedish pigs with confirmed PMWS through random amplification and high-throughput sequencing. Although the vast majority of the amplified genetic sequences belonged to PCV-2, we also found genome sequences of Torque Teno virus (TTV) and of a novel parvovirus. The detection of TTV was expected since like PCV-2, TTV has been found to have high prevalence in pigs around the world. We were able to amplify a longer region of the parvovirus genome, consisting of the entire NP1 and partial VP1/2. By comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic studies we propose that this is a novel porcine parvovirus, with genetic relationship to bocaviruses. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Blomström, Anne-Lie, et al.
(author)
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Studies of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine boca-like virus and torque teno virus indicate the presence of multiple viral infections in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome pigs
- 2010
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 152, s. 59-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a previous study, using random amplification and large-scale sequencing technology, we identified a novel porcine parvovirus belonging to the genus Bocavirus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in Swedish pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In addition to bocavirus we demonstrated the presence of torque teno virus (TTV) genogroups 1 and 2 in these cases of PMWS, indicating the simultaneous presence of several viruses in this disease complex. In the present study, 34 PMWS-affected animals and 24 pigs without PMWS were screened by PCR for the presence of PCV-2, TTV-1, TTV-2 and porcine boca-like virus (Pbo-likeV). The studies revealed the following infection rates in the PMWS-affected pigs: PCV-2 100%, TTV-1 77%, TTV-2 94% and Pbo-likeV 88%. In comparison. the pigs without PMWS had the following rates: PCV-2 80%, TTV-1 79%, TTV-2 83% and Pbo-likeV 46%. The sequence identity between the different Swedish Pbo-likeV sequences ranged between 98% and 100%. By checking co-infection, it was found that 71% of the PMWS-affected pigs harbor simultaneously all these viruses. As a contrast, in the group without PMWS only 33% of the animals were positive simultaneously for these viruses. These observations indicate a multiple viral infection in PMWS-affected pigs. It has to be studied further if the clinical manifestation of PMWS might be due to synergistic effects of different viruses acting together. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Byg, Luise M., et al.
(author)
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NF-kappa B signalling is attenuated by the E7 protein from cutaneous human papillomaviruses
- 2012
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7492 .- 0168-1702. ; 169:1, s. 48-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The high-risk Alpha-types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the causative agent of cervical cancer, which is the second major cause of death among women worldwide. Recent investigations have shown that E7 from the Alpha-papillomavirus HPV-16 interacts with IKK alpha and IKK beta of the IKK complex in the NF-kappa B pathway leading to an attenuation of the activity. There is a possible link between development of non-melanoma skin cancer and cutaneous Beta-papillomavirus but if these HPV types attenuate the NF-kappa B pathway is unclear. Seven different E7 proteins, representing four out of the five different species of the Beta genus (HPV-20, -37, -38, -92, -93 and -96) and one from the Gamma genus (HPV-4) were investigated for potential modulation of the NF-kappa B pathway in U2OS cells. Our results demonstrate that E7 from all the cutaneous HPV types were capable of inhibiting the NF-kappa B activity as well as E7 from HPV-16. In addition, E7 proteins from the cutaneous HPV types demonstrated interaction with IKK alpha but not with IKK beta. The deregulation of the NF-kappa B pathway by cutaneous HPVs might contribute to the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers and its precursors. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Cholleti, Harindranath, et al.
(author)
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Equine arteritis virus induced cell death is associated with activation of the intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
- 2013
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 171:1, s. 222-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Equine arteritis virus (EAV) causes a respiratory and reproductive disease in horses, equine viral arteritis. Though cell death in infection with EAV is considered to occur by apoptosis, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been extensively elucidated. We investigated the expression of mRNA of pro-apoptotic and caspase genes during EAV infection in BHK21 cells, a well-established cell type for EAV replication. Using a SYBR Green real-time PCR, mRNA of p53, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were found up-regulated in a time dependent manner in EAV infected cells. Western blot analysis for caspase 3 and caspase 9 showed expression of cleaved forms of these proteins during EAV infection. In addition, a luminescence-based cell assay for caspase 3/7 activation as a hallmark in apoptosis confirmed apoptotic cell death. The findings demonstrate that cell death in EAV infected BHK21 cells results from apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic signalling pathway.
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| 23. |
- Christ, Wanda, et al.
(author)
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Sars-cov-2 variant-specific differences in inhibiting the effects of the pkr-activated integrated stress response
- 2024
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 339
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The integrated stress response (ISR) is a eukaryotic cell pathway that triggers translational arrest and the formation of stress granules (SGs) in response to various stress signals, including those caused by viral infections. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein has been shown to disrupt SGs, but SARS-CoV-2 interactions with other components of the pathway remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers the ISR through activation of the eIF2α-kinase PKR while inhibiting a variety of downstream effects. In line with previous studies, SG formation was efficiently inhibited and the induced eIF2α phosphorylation only minimally contributed to the translational arrest observed in infected cells. Despite ISR activation and translational arrest, expression of the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP was not induced in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Finally, we found variant-specific differences in the activation of the ISR between ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants in that Delta infection induced weaker PKR activation while Omicron infection induced higher levels of p-eIF2α, and greatly increased SG formation compared to the other variants. Our results suggest that different SARS-CoV-2 variants can affect normal cell functions differently, which can have an impact on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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| 24. |
- Corrêa Giron, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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On the interactions of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with monoclonal antibodies and the receptor ACE2
- 2020
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a new threat to global health and economy. A promising target for both diagnosis and therapeutics treatments of the new disease named COVID-19 is the coronavirus (CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein. By constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations and the PROCEEDpKa method, we have mapped the electrostatic epitopes for four monoclonal antibodies and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on both SARS-CoV-1 and the new SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. We also calculated free energy of interactions and shown that the S RBD proteins from both SARS viruses binds to ACE2 with similar affinities. However, the affinity between the S RBD protein from the new SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is higher than for any studied antibody previously found complexed with SARS-CoV-1. Based on physical chemical analysis and free energies estimates, we can shed some light on the involved molecular recognition processes, their clinical aspects, the implications for drug developments, and suggest structural modifications on the CR3022 antibody that would improve its binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to address the ongoing international health crisis.
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| 25. |
- Cuevas Romero, Julieta Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Long-term RNA persistence of Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) after an outbreak of a natural infection: The detection of viral mRNA in sentinel pigs suggests viral transmission
- 2014
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 188, s. 155-161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The persistence of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) in five pigs that had survived an outbreak of a natural infection was determined. After the resolution of the outbreak, each animal was housed in an isolation pen together with one sentinel pig. Approximately every 2 months thereafter one group of animals was euthanized and tissue samples taken for virological and serological analysis. Infectious virus was not isolated from any samples; antibodies to PorPV-LPMV were detected in convalescent pigs by virus neutralisation test and blocking ELISA but not in sentinel pigs. PorPV-LPMV mRNA of the nucleoprotein (NP) and phosphoprotein (P) genes was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in samples of trigeminal and optic nerves, cervical spinal cord, tonsils, salivary gland, lung and pancreas from convalescent pigs. mRNA was also detected in the midbrain, corpus callosum, or olfactory bulb in four out of five pigs by nRT-PCR, this result was confirmed by the sequencing of a 260 bp PCR product of P gene region. The highest average viral copies/mu g of total RNA occurred in the olfactory bulb and pancreas tissues of convalescent pigs and midbrain, tonsil and pancreas of sentinel pigs housed with the convalescent pigs. Satellitosis and gliosis of the midbrain, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata or choroid plexus were microscopically observed in four convalescent pigs. The control pig remained negative in all tests. The results indicate that PorPV-LPMV mRNA persists and induces a durable humoral immune response in pigs that have recovered from a natural infection. After a possible reactivation of the virus, it was transmitted to sentinel pigs in contact with the convalescent pigs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ekström, Jens-Ola, et al.
(author)
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Drosophila Nora virus capsid proteins differ from those of other picorna-like viruses
- 2011
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In: Virus Research. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 160:1-2, s. 51-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recently discovered Nora virus from Drosophila melanogaster is a single-stranded RNA virus. Its published genomic sequence encodes a typical picorna-like cassette of replicative enzymes, but no capsid proteins similar to those in other picorna-like viruses. We have now done additional sequencing at the termini of the viral genome, extending it by 455 nucleotides at the 5' end, but no more coding sequence was found. The completeness of the final 12,333-nucleotide sequence was verified by the production of infectious virus from the cloned genome. To identify the capsid proteins, we purified Nora virus particles and analyzed their proteins by mass spectrometry. Our results show that the capsid is built from three major proteins, VP4A, B and C, encoded in the fourth open reading frame of the viral genome. The viral particles also contain traces of a protein from the third open reading frame, VP3. VP4A and B are not closely related to other picorna-like virus capsid proteins in sequence, but may form similar jelly roll folds. VP4C differs from the others and is predicted to have an essentially α-helical conformation. In a related virus, identified from EST database sequences from Nasonia parasitoid wasps, VP4C is encoded in a separate open reading frame, separated from VP4A and B by a frame-shift. This opens a possibility that VP4C is produced in non-equimolar quantities. Altogether, our results suggest that the Nora virus capsid has a different protein organization compared to the order Picornavirales.
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| 29. |
- Ekström, Jens-Ola, et al.
(author)
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Replication of Ljungan virus in cell culture : the genomic 5'-end, infectious cDNA clones and host cell response to viral infections
- 2007
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 130:1-2, s. 129-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ljungan virus (LV) is a picornavirus recently isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). The previously uncharacterised 5'-end sequence of the LV genome was determined. Infectious cDNA clones were constructed of the wild type LV prototype strain 87-012 and of the cytolytically replicating cell culture adapted variant 87-012G. Virus generated from cDNA clones showed identical growth characteristics as uncloned virus stocks. Cell culture adapted LV, 87-012G, showed a clear cytopathic effect (CPE) at 3-4 days post-infection (p.i.). Virus titers, determined by plaque titration, increased however only within the first 18h p.i. Replication of LV (+) strand RNA was determined by real-time PCR and corresponded in time with increasing titers. In contrast, the amounts of the replication intermediate, the (-) strand, continued to increase until the cells showed CPE. This indicates separate controlling mechanisms for replication of LV (+) and (-) genome strands. Replication was also monitored by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. IF staining of both prototype 87-012 and the CPE causing 87-012G showed groups of 5-25 infected cells at 48h p.i., suggesting a, for picornaviruses, not previously described direct cell-to-cell transmission.
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| 30. |
- Elshebani, Asma, et al.
(author)
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Effects on isolated human pancreatic islet cells after infection with strains of enterovirus isolated at clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes
- 2007
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 124:1-2, s. 193-203
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enterovirus (EV) infections have been associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). They may cause β-cell destruction either by cytolytic infection of the cells or indirectly by triggering the autoimmune response. Evidence for EV involvement have been presented in several studies, EV-IgM antibodies have been reported in T1D patients, EV-RNA has been found in the blood from T1D patients at onset, and EV have been isolated from newly diagnosed T1D. Our aim was to study infections with EV isolates from newly diagnosed T1D patients in human pancreatic islets in vitro. Two of them (T1 and T2) originated from a mother and her son diagnosed with T1D on the same day, the other two (A and E) were isolated from a pair of twins at the time of diagnosis of T1D in one of them. Isolated human pancreatic islets were infected and viral replication, viability and degree of cytolysis as well as insulin release in response to high glucose were measured. All four EV isolates replicated in the islet cells and virus particles and virus-induced vesicles were seen in the cytoplasm of the β-cells. The isolates varied in their ability to induce cytolysis and to cause destruction of the islets and infection with two of the isolates (T1 and A) caused more pronounced destruction of the islets. Infection with the isolate from the healthy twin boy (E) was the least cytolytic. The ability to secrete insulin in response to high glucose was reduced in all infected islets as early as 3 days post infection, before any difference in viability was observed. To conclude, strains of EV isolated from T1D patients at clinical presentation of T1D revealed β-cell tropism, and clearly affected the function of the β-cell. In addition, the infection caused a clear increase in the number of dead cells.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Erfan, Ahmed M., et al.
(author)
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Characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in Egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination
- 2018
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In: Virus Research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 251, s. 78-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is one of the commercially important diseases of poultry worldwide. In Egypt, CAV has been reported to be a potential threat to the commercial poultry sectors. Hence, this study was aimed at isolation and full genomic analysis of CAVs circulating in chicken populations in different geographical location in Egypt. A total of 42 samples were collected from broiler chicken flocks in 9 governorates in Egypt from 12 to 42 days of age. The mortality rate observed among chickens was ranging from 3% to 22%. Nineteen out of 42 farms were found positive for the CAV genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Full genome sequencing was conducted for 18 positive samples. Genetic analysis revealed a high similarity of > 99% in 11 viruses with the vaccine strain Del-Ros; while the other seven samples shared close similarity to CAV field strains isolated from China, Taiwan, and Brazil. The data also indicated Q139 and Q144 amino acids substitutions among the VP1 of Egyptian field strains, which are known to be important in virus replication and spread. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced viruses (n = 18) based on either the full gene nucleotide sequence or VP1 coding sequence, suggested the circulation of four distinct genotypes in Egypt designated as group A, B, C and D. Moreover, evidence of recombination was detected among four Egyptian CAVs located within group A. The findings of this study succeeded to elucidate the epidemiological and genetic features of CAVs circulating in Egypt, and underscores the important of CAVs surveillance.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Garoff, H, et al.
(author)
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Budding of alphaviruses
- 2004
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In: Virus research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702. ; 106:2, s. 103-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 35. |
- Gerold, Gisa, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Decoding protein networks during virus entry by quantitative proteomics
- 2016
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 218, s. 25-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virus entry into host cells relies on interactions between viral and host structures including lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Particularly, protein-protein interactions between viral surface proteins and host proteins as well as secondary host protein-protein interactions play a pivotal role in coordinating virus binding and uptake. These interactions are dynamic and frequently involve multiprotein complexes. In the past decade mass spectrometry based proteomics methods have reached sensitivities and high throughput compatibilities of genomics methods and now allow the reliable quantitation of proteins in complex samples from limited material. As proteomics provides essential information on the biologically active entity namely the protein, including its posttranslational modifications and its interactions with other proteins, it is an indispensable method in the virologist's toolbox. Here we review protein interactions during virus entry and compare classical biochemical methods to study entry with novel technically advanced quantitative proteomics techniques. We highlight the value of quantitative proteomics in mapping functional virus entry networks, discuss the benefits and limitations and illustrate how the methodology will help resolve unsettled questions in virus entry research in the future.
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| 36. |
- Gromova, Arina, et al.
(author)
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Identification of the adenovirus type 2 C-168 protein
- 2017
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 238, s. 110-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A hitherto predicted but undetected protein, C-168, in adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) has been identified using mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics. The gene of this 17.7 kDa protein is located on the forward strand in the major late transcription unit between base pairs 9294 and 9797. A tryptic peptide, derived from the C-terminal part of the protein, was identified with high amino acid sequence coverage. A candidate splice site for the corresponding mRNA is also presented. The protein sequence is unusual with repeats of serine, glycine and arginine. A bioinformatics prediction of protein function and localization is presented.
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| 37. |
- Gunaydin, Gokce, et al.
(author)
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Association of elevated rotavirus-specific antibody titers with HBGA secretor status in Swedish individuals: The FUT2 gene as a putative susceptibility determinant for infection
- 2016
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In: Virus Research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 211, s. 64-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have recently been suggested to serve as attachment factors for rotavirus VP8* (P-genotype) in vitro and associated with susceptibility in vivo. We thus investigated whether rotavirus antibody titers and genotype specific neutralization titers correlate with HBGA status in Swedish individuals. We investigated the effect of inactivating mutations in the secretor FUT2 (rs601338) and Lewis FUT3 genes (rs28362459, rs3894326, rs812936 and rs778986) on serum IgG antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers to rotavirus strains of the P[8] and P[6] genotypes in Swedish healthy blood donors and patients with IgA deficiency using genotyping, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and a neutralization assay. Rotavirus-specific serum IgG and neutralizing antibody titers to the Wa strain (G1P[8]), but not to the ST3 (G4P[6]) strain, were significantly higher in secretors (with at least one functional FUT2 gene) than in non-secretors (P<0.001) (with homozygous nonsense mutation in the FUT2 gene). Thus, our results represent that secretors show elevated rotavirus specific serum antibodies, suggesting a higher susceptibility to rotavirus infections, as compared to non-secretors in Sweden. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Hassan, Ayah M., et al.
(author)
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Molecular Characterization of Newly Emerging Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2 of Lib-12 Lineage Isolated from Egypt
- 2022
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype SAT 2 occurred in Egypt in 2018, which affected cattle and water buffalo. Previous phylogenetic studies on FMDV circulating in Egypt have mainly focused on genomic regions encoding structural proteins which determine FMDV serotype. So far, none of these studies have analyzed the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of Egyptian SAT 2/Lib-12 lineage. The present study aimed to analyze and identify the ORF genome sequence of Lib-12 lineage which belongs to FMDV serotype SAT 2 topotype VII in Egypt. The protocol workflow was optimized and tested using a representative field isolate of FMDV/ SAT 2/Lib-12 from a bovine tongue sample collected in 2018 from Ismailia governorate (SAT2/EGY/Ismailia/ 2018). The protocol was based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with multiple overlapping primers, amplicons sequencing, and assembly to complete the ORF consensus sequence. Alignments of the sequence fragments formed consensus genome sequence of 7219 nucleotides in length. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Egyptian isolate was related to Ethiopian, Nigerian, and Ghanaian strains, with identity not exceeding 95%. The divergence in the genetic identity of the Egyptian SAT 2/Lib-12 lineage from other Egyptian strains and Libyan isolates was 7%, and this may be attributed to the absence of the Lib-12 lineage ORF sequence from Egypt and Libya in the database. The present study significantly advances knowledge of the molecular analysis of FMDV SAT 2 and the design of vaccine selection for FMDV SAT 2 in Egypt. The study protocol could be applied to other FMDV serotypes.
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| 39. |
- Hayer, Juliette, et al.
(author)
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Identification and molecular characterization of highly divergent RNA viruses in cattle, Uganda
- 2022
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The risk for the emergence of novel viral zoonotic diseases in animals and humans in Uganda is high given its geographical location with high biodiversity. We aimed to identify and characterize viruses in 175 blood samples from cattle selected in Uganda using molecular approaches. We identified 8 viral species belonging to 4 families (Flaviviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Reoviridae and Rhabdoviridae) and 6 genera (Hepacivirus, Pestivirus, Orthobunya-virus, Coltivirus, Dinovernavirus and Ephemerovirus). Four viruses were highly divergent and tetantively named Zikole virus (Family: Flaviviridae), Zeboroti virus (Family: Reoviridae), Zebtine virus (Family: Rhabdoviridae) and Kokolu virus (Family: Rhabdoviridae). In addition, Bovine Hepacivirus, Obodhiang virus, Aedes pseudoscutellaris reovirus and Schmallenberg virus were identified for the first time in Ugandan cattle. We report 8 viral species belonging to 4 viral families including divergent ones in the blood of cattle in Uganda. Hence, cattle may be reservoir hosts for likely emergence of novel viruses with pathogenic potential to cause zoonotic diseases in different species with serious public health implications.
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| 40. |
- Israelsson, Stina, et al.
(author)
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Studies of Echovirus 5 interactions with the cell surface: Heparan sulfate mediates attachment to the host cell.
- 2010
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 151:2, s. 170-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infections caused by Echovirus 5 (E5), an enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family, have been associated with fever, rashes and sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis. To elucidate the receptor usage of this virus, the significance of a previously proposed integrin binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif found in the VP3 capsid protein was investigated, as well as the capacity of E5 to interact with heparan sulfate on the cell surface. Using the prototype strain E5 Noyce (E5N), an E5N mutant where the aspartic acid of the RGD motif has been substituted to a glutamic acid and clinical E5 isolates, the RGD motif of VP3 was found to be non-essential and hence not involved in integrin receptor binding. However, E5N and clinical E5 isolates interact with heparan sulfate at the cell surface, as demonstrated by virus replication inhibition assays using heparin and heparinase III, and studies of E5 interactions at the cell surface measured by real-time PCR analysis. In conclusion, E5 utilizes heparan sulfate as a cellular receptor, but the RGD motif of VP3 is not essential for E5 infectivity.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Complete gene sequence of a human Puumala hantavirus isolate, Puumala Umeå/hu : sequence comparison and characterisation of encoded gene products.
- 2004
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 105:2, s. 147-155
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Puumala virus is a member of the hantavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, and the major causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Europe. This study was conducted with a human Puumala virus isolate (PUUV Umeå/hu), and contains the determination of the first complete PUUV sequence from a human source. When the relationship to other Puumala viruses was analysed, a possible RNA segment exchange between two local strains of PUUV was noticed. Furthermore, the coding regions of PUUV Umeå/hu S- and M-segments were cloned, and a large set of gene products were expressed in mammalian cells. In addition, postulated N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in the two envelope proteins (Gn and Gc) were investigated individually by site-directed mutagenesis followed by gel-shift analysis. Our data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation occurs at three sites in Gn (N142, N357 and N409), and at one site in Gc (N937). Also, one possible O-glycosylation site was identified in Gc (T985). We conclude that the diversity between different Puumala virus isolates is high, and consequently characterization of local PUUV isolates is important for clinical diagnostic work. Finally, the obtained results concerning the encoded gene products are of great importance for the design of new vaccines.
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| 43. |
- Juárez Gonzalez, Thamara, et al.
(author)
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Occurrence of RNA post-transcriptional modifications in plant viruses and viroids and their correlation with structural and functional features
- 2023
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 323
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA bases are widespread across all the tree of life and have been linked to RNA maturation, stability, and molecular interactions. RNA modifications have been extensively described in endogenous eukaryotic mRNAs, however, little is known about the presence of RNA modifications in plant viral and subviral RNAs. Here, we used a computational approach to infer RNA modifications in plant-pathogenic viruses and viroids using high-throughput annotation of modified ribonucleotides (HAMR), a software that predicts modified ribonucleotides using high-throughput RNA sequencing data. We analyzed datasets from representative members of different plant viruses and viroids and compared them to plant-endogenous mRNAs. Our approach was able to predict potential RNA chemical modifications (RCMs) in all analyzed pathogens. We found that both DNA and RNA viruses presented a wide range of RCM proportions while viroids had lowest values. Furthermore, we found that for viruses with segmented genomes, some genomic RNAs had a higher proportion of RCM. Interestingly, nuclear-replicating viroids showed most of the predicted modifications located in the pathogenesis region, pointing towards a possible functional role of RCMs in their infectious cycle. Thus, our results strongly suggest that plant viral and subviral RNAs might contain a variety of previously unreported RNA modifications, thus opening a new perspective in the multifaceted process of plant-pathogen interactions.
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| 44. |
- Kaján, Gyõzõ L., et al.
(author)
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The complete genome sequence of human adenovirus 84, a highly recombinant new Human mastadenovirus D type with a unique fiber gene
- 2017
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 242, s. 79-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel human adenovirus was isolated from a pediatric case of acute respiratory disease in Panama City, Panama in 2011. The clinical isolate was initially identified as an intertypic recombinant based on hexon and fiber gene sequencing. Based on the analysis of its complete genome sequence, the novel complex recombinant Human mastadenovirus D (HAdV-D) strain was classified into a new HAdV type: HAdV-84, and it was designated Adenovirus D human/PAN/P309886/2011/84[P43H17F84]. HAdV-D types possess usually an ocular or gastrointestinal tropism, and respiratory association is scarcely reported. The virus has a novel fiber type, most closely related to, but still clearly distant from that of HAdV-36. The predicted fiber is hypothesised to bind sialic acid with lower affinity compared to HAdV-37. Bioinformatic analysis of the complete genomic sequence of HAdV-84 revealed multiple homologous recombination events and provided deeper insight into HAdV evolution.
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| 45. |
- Kvarnheden, Anders
(author)
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Identification of a Nanovirus-Alphasatellite Complex in Sophora alopecuroides
- 2017
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 235, s. 24-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Viruses in the genus Nanovirus of the family Nanoviridae generally have eight individually encapsidated circular genome components and have been predominantly found infecting Fabaceae plants in Europe, Australia, Africa and Asia. For over a decade Sophora alopecuroides L. (Fabaceae) plants have been observed across Iran displaying dwarfing, yellowing, stunted leaves and yellow vein banding. Using a high-throughput sequencing approach, sequences were identified within one such plant that had similarities to nanovirus genome components. From this plant, the nanovirus-like molecules DNA-R (n = 4), DNA-C (n = 2), DNA-S (n = 1), DNA-M (n = 1), DNA-N (n = 1), DNA-U1 (n = 1), DNA-U2 (n = 1) and DNA-U4 (n = 1) were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Other than for the DNA-R, these components share less than 71% identity with those of other known nanoviruses. The four DNA-R molecules were highly diverse, sharing only 65-71% identity with each other and 64-86% identity with those of other nanoviruses. In the S. alopecuroides plant 14 molecules sharing 57.7-84.6% identity with previously determined sequences of nanovirus-associated alphasatellites were also identified. Given the research activity in the nanovirus field during the last five years coupled with high-throughput sequence technologies, many more diverse nanoviruses and nanovirus-associated satellites are likely to be identified.
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| 46. |
- Lan, Susan, et al.
(author)
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A suppressive effect of Sp1 recruitment to the first leader 5' splice site region on L4-22K-mediated activation of the adenovirus major late promoter
- 2015
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 210, s. 133-140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) requires binding of late phase-specific factors to the so-called DE element located approximately 100 base pairs downstream of the MLP transcriptional start site. The adenovirus L4-22K protein binds to the DE element and stimulates transcription from the MLP via a DE sequence-dependent mechanism. Here we use a transient expression approach to show that L4-22K binds to an additional site downstream of the MLP start site, the so-called R1 region, which includes the major late first leader 5' splice site. Binding of L4-22K to R1 has a suppressive effect on MLP transcription. L4-22K binds to the distal part of R1 and stimulates the recruitment of Sp1 and other cellular factors to a site overlapping the first leader 5' splice site. Binding of Sp1 to the 5' splice site region had an inhibitory effect on L4-22K-activated MLP transcription.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Leke, Walter Nkeabeng, et al.
(author)
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Ageratum conyzoides: A host to a unique begomovirus disease complex in Cameroon
- 2012
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 163, s. 229-237
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ageratum conyzoides (goat weed) is a widespread uncultivated species in Cameroon that exhibits leaf curldisease (LCD) symptoms suggestive of begomovirus infection. In Asia, different begomovirus-satellitecomplexes have been identified in A. conyzoides. The objective of this study was to determine the identityof the suspect begomoviruses and their associated satellites in A. conyzoides in Cameroon. The resultsindicated that all three symptomatic A. conyzoides plants examined were infected with a new begomovirusspecies, herein named Ageratum leaf curl Cameroon virus (ALCCMV). The ALCCMV genomesequences shared their highest identity, at 84.3-88.5%, with a group of tomato-infecting begomovirusesfrom West Africa. In addition, a betasatellite and an alphasatellite were cloned from the same symptomaticA. conyzoides plants. The betasatellite sequences shared limited sequence identity at 37% orless with the betasatellite Cotton leaf curl Gezira betasatellite, and the new betasatellite species is hereinnamed Ageratum leaf curl Cameroon betasatellite (ALCCMB). The alphasatellite shared 80% nt identitywith Tomato leaf curl Cameroon alphasatellite (ToLCCMA), and the new alphasatellite species is hereinnamed Ageratum leaf curl Cameroon alphasatellite (ALCCMA). In addition, two fragments containingbegomovirus-alphasatellite sequences were cloned from sample AGLI4, and they were related to thedefecting interfering molecule (Y14167) associated with Ageratum yellow vein virus from Asia. Theseresults suggest that the begomoviral-satellite complexes infecting A. conyzoides in Cameroon may be ascomplex or more so, to species and strains reported thus far from Asia.
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| 49. |
- Leke, Walter Nkeabeng, et al.
(author)
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Molecular characterization of begomoviruses and DNA satellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in Cameroon
- 2013
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 174, s. 116-125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Okra leaf curl disease (OLCD) is the most important viral disease of okra in West Africa. In this study, a complex of begomoviruses and associated DNA satellites were identified in symptomatic okra plants from southwestern Cameroon. Sequence analyses showed that two of the plants (Lik1 and Njo5) were infected with a begomovirus being a recombinant of cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV) and okra yellow crinkle virus (OYCrV). The recombinant genome shared highest nucleotide identity with isolates of CLCuGeV at 87.8% and is therefore considered to be member of a new begomovirus species, Okra leaf curl Cameroon virus (OLCuCMV). One plant (Mue5) was infected by a begomovirus with 95.8% nucleotide identy to CLCuGeV, while in the plants Lik1, Muel and Njo5, a begomovirus was identified showing highest nucleotide identity at 93.7% with OYCrV. The nucleotide comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that these isolates represent new Cameroonian strains of CLCuGeV and OYCrV (CLCuGeV-CM and OYCrV-CM). Mixed infection of OLCuCMV and OYCrV-CM was found in two of the plants. A betasatellite and two divergent alphasatellites were also associated with the begomoviruses. The betasatellite was identified as cotton leaf curl Gezira betasatellite (CLCuGeB) with the highest nucleotide identity at 93.3% to othei African isolates of CLCuGeB. The alphasatellites, herein named Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, shared 973% and 95.2% identity, respectively, with cotton leaf curl Gezira alphasatellite (CLCuGeA) and okra leaf curl Burkina Faso alphasatellite (OLCuBFA). These collective results emphasize the extent of diversity among okra-infecting begomovirus-satellite complexes in western Africa. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Lindkvist, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Cross-reactive and serospecific epitopes of nucleocapsid proteins of three hantaviruses : prospects for new diagnostic tools.
- 2008
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 137:1, s. 97-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diagnosis of infectious diseases is sometimes difficult because of extensive immunological cross-reactivity between related viral antigens. On the path of constructing sero-specific antigens, we have identified residues involved in sero-specific and cross-reactive recognition of the nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of Puumala virus (PUUV), Seoul virus (SEOV), and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) using serum samples from 17 Nephropathia epidemica patients. The mapping was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis on a panel of N protein derivatives and alanine-substitution mutants in the three different hantavirus backgrounds. Four regions with different serological profiles were identified encompassing the amino acids (aa) 14-17, 22-24, 26, and 35-38. One of the regions showed strong cross-reactivity and was important for the recognition of SEOV and SNV antigens, but not the PUUV antigen (aa 35-38). Two regions displayed perceivable SEOV characteristics (aa 14-17 and aa 22-24 and 26) and the combined result of the alanine replacements resulted in a synergetic effect against the PUUV antigen (aa 14-17, 22-24, 26).
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