| 1. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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A realist review of art therapy for clients with depression
- 2013
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 40:3, s. 322-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depression is a serious disease affecting an individual's entire life-situation, which can lead to great suffering and a reduced level of activity in everyday life. The aim of this study is to explore and describe how art therapy works regarding therapeutic factors, application, and circumstances for clients with depression. A systematic literature search of relevant databases was carried out to find articles concerning art therapy for depression, meeting criteria for reproducibility. This yielded 16 articles published in seven journals. The art therapy methods employed in each selected study were then examined and compared in order to understand the healing mechanism or mechanisms. These healing mechanisms are here termed “therapeutic factors”. The analysis resulted in eight therapeutic factors; self-exploration, self-expression, communication, understanding and explanation, integration, symbolic thinking, creativity, and sensory stimulation. No general conclusions could be drawn regarding circumstances, but the results indicate that art therapy can be performed successfully in a wide variety of clinical situations. The results were discussed in relation to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for depression.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bojner Horwitz, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Dance/movement therapy in fibromyalgia patients : Changes in self-figure drawings and their relation to verbal self-rating scales
- 2006
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 33:1, s. 11-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluates if verbally oriented scales are as effective as the visual instruments of self-figure drawing and video interpretation in detecting treatment responses after 6 months of dance/movement therapy in fibromyalgia patients.The self-figure drawing and video interpretation technique captured treatment effects that were not seen on verbal scales. In the self-figure drawings, significant differences were seen in the variables “amount of body details” and “amount of paper use in percent” between the treatment group and controls after dance/movement therapy. The treatment group showed a significant increase in the “amount of body details” and “amount of paper use in percent” compared to controls. Specific parts of the verbally oriented ratings in CPRS, “bodily discomfort” and “compulsive act,” were positively correlated to “number of different colours.” The variable “pain and ache” in the CPRS indicated a negative correlation to the “amount of paper use in percent,” i.e. the more pain, the less paper used.The use of different assessment techniques may affect the treatment outcome and verbal instrumentation may not be the most appropriate in this patient group. Difficulties perceiving information through verbal/cognitive modalities as well as alexithymia are factors that are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Bojner Horwitz, Eva, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Theater for, by and with fibromyalgia patients : evaluation of emotional expression using video interpretation
- 2010
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 37:1, s. 13-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The healing function of theatre is reflected in all human cultures. Today, therapists and scientists work with psychodrama and drama therapy, often describing theatre as the art form closest to life itself.In a unique cooperation between professional actors and a dance movement therapist/pain researcher, patients with fibromyalgia have first been trained in body- and voice expression and thereafter acted out a drama onstage together with professional actors. A video interpretation technique was used to help patients interpret their own emotional expressions towards other actors and evaluate their perceived pain and self-rated health.The results of this experimental study show that the variation of emotional expression from video interpretation is dependent upon whether or not the patient acts with an actor. The intensity of emotional expression increases significantly when acting together with a professional actor. The results also show an increase in self-rated health and a decrease in pain after three months of using this theatre-based technique. A correlation between strong emotional expression and decreased pain was also observed. However, when patients did not actively participate in a theatre play, their self-estimated pain was not significantly decreased.In this study, the cross-fertilization of culture/expressive arts and health care is presented as a new resource for pain treatment. In particular there may be a link between intense emotional expressions when acting with professional actors and decreased perceptions of pain. The paper also discusses the potential therapeutic value of working with professional actors in the treatment of other pain patients. Hopefully, this “healing theatre” can contribute to developing collaboration between actors and creative art therapists and stimulate controlled studies of evidence-based science.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Holmqvist, Gärd, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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What art therapists considerto be patient's inner change and how it may appear during art therpy
- 2017
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - Kidlington : Elsevier. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 56, s. 45-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore what art therapists consider to be patients’ inner change and how it may appear during art therapy. Thirty-eight trained art therapists with experience of using art therapy as a treatment were included in the study. They were asked to describehow they perceived their patients’ inner change and a situation during arttherapy when they observed such change. An inductive thematic analysis resulted in five themes; Therapeutic alliance, describing trust to the therapist and believe to the method, Creating, which concerns the work in the therapeutic process, while Affect consciousness, Self-awareness,and Ego-strengthare part of the therapy outcome. The situations in which an inner change can be observed have been presented by means of quotations and discussed in relation to different theories and art therapy research. The participating art therapists formed a very heterogeneous group, resulting in an unexpected consistency about what they considered to be an inner change in the patient. The study may be seen as a contribution to further discussion about the benefits of a more common language to describe patients’ inner change in art therapy
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| 8. |
- Isaksson, Cristine, et al.
(author)
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Changes in self-image as seen in tree paintings
- 2009
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 36:5, s. 304-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in self-image were reflected in the tree paintings of the participants in an art therapy programme, and, if so, how. A self-rating scale, Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (SASB), was used in the assessment of changes in self-image, and content analysis was used to analyse the tree paintings. This particular combination of quantitative and qualitative measures and analysis has not been reported before in relation to the assessment of change in self-image. The SASB questionnaire and the instruction to paint a tree were presented to six women in an art therapy group programme. Data were collected in the first and final group session. The SASB results and noted changes in the tree paintings were then analysed and compared. All the participants showed changes in self-image according to SASB, but only two participants experienced positive changes that were possible to verify statistically. Certain features of all the participants’ second tree painting showed changes in comparison with the first tree painting. The findings indicated that it was not possible to arrive at a general conclusion concerning how changes in self-image could be related to the tree theme and to the results of the SASB. Further research with a more comprehensive collection of data would be desirable in order to examine whether a hypothesis about unconventional trees, the meaning of the colour, the marked outline and the reduction/extension in the tree paintings could be of any relevance.
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| 9. |
- Mateos-Moreno, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Effect of a combined dance/movement and music therapy on young adults diagnosed with severe autism
- 2013
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 40:5, s. 465-472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current literature is scarce on the potential effects of combined dance/movement and music therapy on adults diagnosed with severe autism, particularly in distinguishing these effects on different areas of psychopathological disorders. We set two goals: first, to assess the effectiveness based on the score the participants obtained from the Revised Clinical Scale for the Evaluation of Autistic Behavior (ECA-R) after a series of dance/movement and music therapeutic procedures on adults with severe autism; second, to contrast the differences in effectiveness in concrete areas defined by subscales of the ECA-R, especially in its defined 2 factors and 12 functions. An overall of 36 one-hour sessions were carried out during 17 weeks on a sample of 8 participants with severe autism (approximately 2 sessions per week). During the treatment 8 measurements were taken (1 every 3 weeks) from this sample and from a control sample, which was also comprised of 8 subjects who were equally monitored at the same care center by two independent psychologists. Our experimental study seems to suggest that combined dance/movement and music therapy could be effective if used regularly for the improvement of autistic symptoms in adults diagnosed with severe autism. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Thyme, Karin Egberg, et al.
(author)
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Qualitative content analysis in art psychotherapy research : concepts, procedures, and measures to reveal the latent meaning in pictures and the words attached to the pictures
- 2013
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 40:1, s. 101-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this methodological paper is to describe and apply qualitative content analysis to a psychodynamic art psychotherapy context, and to give an example of the procedures used to analyse pictures and words in one time-limited psychodynamic art psychotherapy session, here named PDT/Scribbling. The art method was used with a female patient. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse one scribble with its amplification together with the patient's own clarifying words explaining the pictures. In addition, the words spoken before and after scribbling were analysed in order to capture the whole psychotherapeutic process. In the application we coded and categorised colours and elements of the scribbles and amplifications, which together with categories of the patient's own words before and after scribbling resulted in three sub-themes and an overarching theme: permitting herself to leave a victim position and take charge of her life. The conclusion of this methodological paper is that qualitative content analysis is a meaningful method for analysing pictures and words from psychodynamic art psychotherapy sessions, keeping the manifest messages and the latent meanings in the pictures intact.
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| 11. |
- Öster, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Art therapy during radiotherapy : A five-year follow-up study with women diagnosed with breast cancer
- 2014
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 41:1, s. 36-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Follow-up studies on art therapy are lacking. In a randomised art therapy intervention study from 2001 to 2004 with women with breast cancer, results showed that patients benefitted from participating in art therapy for up to four months after the intervention. The aim of this study was to describe the coping resources and quality of life amongst women treated for breast cancer five to seven years after participating in individual art therapy during radiotherapy as compared to a control group. In 2009, thirty-seven women, 18 from the intervention group and 19 from the control group, answered questionnaires about their coping resources and quality of life. The results showed no significant difference between the groups regarding their coping resources or quality of life, except for an unexpected significantly lower score in the domain ’Social relations’ in the study group as compared to baseline, at the time of the follow up. However, our study from 2001 to 2004 supports various positive effects of art therapy within six months of participation as compared to a control group. Consequently, attending art therapy during the treatment period for breast cancer can be of great importance to support health, coping and quality of life in a short-term perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 12. |
- Öster, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Art therapy for women with breast cancer : the therapeutic concequences of boundary strenghtening
- 2007
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - Fayetteville, N.Y. : Ankho international. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 34:3, s. 277-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Between 2001 and 2004, 42 women with breast cancer (20 women in the study group and 22 women in the control group) participated in an intervention study involving art therapy. This article elaborates on previous quantitative results, taking a discursive approach and drawing on gender theories in analyzing the women's use of interpretative repertoires in interviews and diaries and their answers on single items of the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI). The aim was to inquire into whether and, if so, how and with what consequences women with breast cancer who participated in art therapy improved their access to beneficial cultural interpretative repertoires, compared to a control group. The results showed a connection between participation in art therapy, talking about protecting one's own boundaries, and scoring higher on the CRI compared to the control group. There was also a connection between the control group, repertoire conflicts, and lower scores on the CRI. Our interpretation is that art therapy became a tool the women could use to distinguish cultural understandings about boundaries and, through image making and reflections, to give higher legitimacy to their own interpretations and experience.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Öster, Inger, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Women with breast cancer and gendered limits and boundaries : Art therapy as a safe space for enacting alternative subject positions
- 2009
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 36:1, s. 29-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article takes its starting point from certain results from our randomized study on art therapy with women with breast cancer. Previous results from this study showed significant benefits on coping, quality of life, and symptoms for women who participated in an art therapy intervention. Analyses of interviews and diaries showed that especially women from the intervention group had distanced themselves from traditionally gendered understandings about cultural limits and boundaries. The aim of this study was to gain further knowledge about how women with breast cancer who participated in the art therapy intervention gave meaning to the gendered limits and boundaries in their daily lives, and to trace their trajectories, in therapy, towards helpful management of restraining boundaries. When analyzing the women's verbal reflections on the therapy sessions, we discerned five subject positions, defining them as follows: being someone who reacts to violation attempts; actively connecting body and self; actively locating oneself and moving forward; being in a position to see important connections throughout life; and being able to acknowledge and harbour conflicting emotions. The results of the study suggest that art therapy served as a tool that helped the women to get access to subject positions that enabled them to protect and strengthen their boundaries. This involved challenging dominating discourses and reacting against perceived boundary violations. Art therapy offered a personal, physical, and pictorial “safe space” with opportunities to deal with complex existential experiences and issues, and also make important connections throughout life. Looking back and summarizing important experiences acted as a way to prepare oneself for the future and moving forward.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Meeting oneself in inner dialogue: a manual-based Phenomenological Art Therapy as experienced by patients diagnosed with moderate to severe depression
- 2018
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In: The Arts in Psychotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4556. ; 59, s. 17-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manual-based Phenomenological Art Therapy for patients with depression (PATd) is a program developed for patients with depression. This study aimed to explore and describe the significance of PATd for patients diagnosed with moderate to severe depression. The study adopted a phenomenological approach according to Reflective Lifeworld Research. Ten participants were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and a meaning-oriented analysis was conducted: the transcribed text was read repeatedly to gain an initial sense of the material; meaning-bearing units were identified and related meanings were grouped together in clusters; and the invariant element, the essence of the phenomenon, was described with its various aspects. PATd facilitates meeting oneself in an inner dialogue between that which is evident and that which is outside of awareness. Both processes of making art and describing the experience makes oneself and the situation visible, opening up and altering understanding through the inner dialogue. This study contributes further information by deepening understandings of the importance of the meeting with oneself in an inner dialogue that occurs through the patient's engagement with the image, the art materials, and in the process of making art. The outer dialogue with the therapist elucidates and deepens the inner dialogue.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Stjernswärd, Sigrid, et al.
(author)
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Creative art diaries as a tool to support the development of professional competencies in therapeutic work with clients
- 2023
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In: The Arts in Psychotherapy. - 0197-4556. ; 85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methods to promote professionals’ self-knowledge and affinity for therapeutic alliances may be valuable to facilitate clients’ journeys towards recovery. This article illuminates how the use of creative art diaries can support the development of generic professional competencies in therapeutic work with clients. The methods entailed the construction of a telling case. This case was based on an autoethnographic approach to a creative art project created within the context of an expressive arts based program. The case was analysed with inspiration from Peirce’s semiotic and van Gennep’s theory of rites of passages. The findings showed how work with a creative art diary could be understood in terms of representamens and objects. The diary was interpreted as useful in different ways to facilitate transitions between phases of separation, liminality, and incorporation regarding the development of generic professional competencies and self-awareness in therapeutic work with clients. Conclusively, creative art diaries could be useful to develop self-awareness, self-knowledge, self-reflection, and self-reflexivity in the development of generic professional competencies regarding therapeutic work with clients, which per se could facilitate therapeutic alliances and recovery oriented practices. However, they must be supported in the process by possible interpretations, and by ways to support the professionals’ competencies regarding sociological understandings of client meetings.
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| 20. |
- Boman, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Implementing an agent trade server
- 2004. - 1
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In: Decision Support Systems. - 0167-9236 .- 1873-5797.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experimental server for stock trading autonomous agents is presented and made available, together with an agent shell for swift development. The server, written in Java, was implemented as proof-of-concept for an agent trade server for a real financial exchange.
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