| 1. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
-
Psychometric properties of the attachment style questionnaire in Swedish pregnant women : short and full versions
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 35:5, s. 450-461
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: (i) To evaluate the reliability and factor structure of the Attachment Style Questionnaire – Short Form (ASQ-SF) for use in pregnant women and (ii) to compare the reliability and factor structure of the short- and full version-ASQ among pregnant women. Background: Adult attachment insecurity is currently included as a major risk factor in studies of perinatal health. None of the self-report measures with a Swedish translation have been psychometrically evaluated in a pregnant cohort.Methods: A population-based cohort of 1631 pregnant women answered the ASQ in late pregnancy. Internal consistency (item- subscale correlations, Cronbach’s α, and α if item deleted) was evaluated for the seven available subscales. Con rmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run to examine the factor structure of the short form compared with the full-version. Test–retest correlations were assessed in a subgroup (n = 48).Results: All mean item-subscale correlations for the ASQ-SF were > 0.30. Cronbach’s α’s for ASQ-SF dimensions were as follows: Avoidance (0.87); Anxiety (0.89); Discomfort with Closeness (0.85); Relationships as Secondary (0.54); Con dence (0.83); Need for Approval (0.76); and Preoccupation with Relationships (0.77). No item removal substantively increased subscale α’s. The CFA demonstrated better model t for the ASQ-SF than for the full-version ASQ, while other reliability measures were similar. Test–retest correlations ranged from 0.65 to 0.84.Conclusion: The ASQ-SF showed similar psychometric properties in pregnant women as in the general population and had good reliability, but the optimal factor structure needs to be studied further. Results support the usage of the ASQ-SF in pregnant cohorts.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bielawska-Batorowicz, Eleonora, et al.
(author)
-
A study of prenatal attachment with Swedish and Polish expectant mothers
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:4, s. 373-384
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main purpose of the study was to investigate maternal prenatal attachment in Sweden and Poland, to analyse its diverse aspects, links to age, parity, planning and complications of pregnancy. Women in the third trimester of gestation filled in the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and provided some demographic and medical data. Factor analyses were performed on PAI items for both samples and scores for samples' factors were compared using ANCOVA and two-way ANOVA. Correlates of attachment were examined with Pearson r and multiple regression analysis. Five factors were extracted which explained 53.9% (Swedish data) and 51.9% (Polish data) of variance. Items with the highest loading were similar in both samples. Total PAI scores given by Polish women were higher. Polish mothers gave scores that indicated more intense interactions with unborn children, they also more often shared their opinions about the baby with others. Swedish mothers more often attributed traits and showed affection. Swedish and Polish mothers showed evidence of fantasising about their unborn babies to a similar degree. Total PAI scores and factor scores were similar in planned and unplanned pregnancies. Polish mothers had lower total scores in complicated pregnancies and Swedish mothers in uncomplicated pregnancies. When both samples were analysed together the best predictors of attachment intensity were age and nationality, but they explained only 5.2% of variance in total scores. Despite several differences the findings indicate similarities in the way relationships with an unborn child are conceptualised by Swedish and Polish mothers.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dykes, K, et al.
(author)
-
The importance of ultrasound of primagravidae’s thoughts about their unborn child
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 19:2, s. 95-104
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Evaluated the importance of ultrasound to women’s thoughts about their unborn child. 10 first-time mothers (ages 22 – 33 years) with normal pregnancies were interviewed approxi¬mately 1 week before and 1 week after their first ultrasound screening. Analysis of the interviews was conducted using the techniques of grounded theory. The results show that ultrasound was of great importance for increasing the women’s awareness of bearing a child. This realization process was expressed in various categories of thoughts about the unborn child: 1. The existing fetus, 2. The coming child, 3. The woman’s life situation, 4. Parenthood and 5. Delivery. The paper examined the way in which ultrasound influences these categories of thought.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Ekelin, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Developing the PEER-U scale to measure parents' expectations, experiences and reactions to routine ultrasound examinations during pregnancy
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:3, s. 211-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop and test a specific questionnaire to measure parents' expectations, experiences and reactions in connection with routine ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. A questionnaire consisting of ultrasound specific questions was constructed in two parts, one to be used before and one after the examination. It was examined for face validity and a pilot study was then conducted with women and their partners (n=156). Explorative factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to test validity and reliability. Factor analysis gave a solution where part one measures seven dimensions of expectations before the ultrasound examination and part two five dimensions of experiences and reactions. The dimensions that measured the parents' state of mind were used to calculate an index. The index was also compared to the results of State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC). The PEER-U questionnaire was tested and showed satisfactory validity and reliability. The ultrasound state of mind index can be used to measure the impact of an ultrasound examination on the parents, before and after this takes place.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ekelin, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
To know or not to know – parents’ attitudes to and preferences for prenatal diagnosis
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 34:4, s. 356-369
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To highlight expectant parents’ attitudes concerning prenatal diagnosis, what the parents wish to know and what they chose not to know about their unborn baby, also in what form and to what extent they wish for prenatal diagnosis. Background: Parents have to make decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis. Screening programmes change rapidly and there is a need for parental influence on this development. Methods: An interview study with 10 women in late pregnancy and six partners. Results: The main categories ‘A time for preparation’ and ‘A lot but not everything’ included the parents’ positive attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis, especially if it could be carried out in early pregnancy and was of help for the baby, but also their negative attitudes toward information about possible future diseases that could not be prevented and towards invasive diagnosis. The parents had confidence in the caregivers’ offers of screening programmes, but described their own attitudes as changing from before pregnancy, when newly pregnant and after their ultrasound examination. The parents described themselves as partly lacking knowledge about what the existing options for prenatal diagnosis involved. Conclusions: There is a great need for competent caregivers to inform the parents-to-be about the different methods for fetal diagnosis available to them and also what information the different methods can give. Partners need to be involved in the decision-making process.
|
|
| 8. |
- Favrod, Celine, et al.
(author)
-
Spontaneous childbirth-related mental images among pregnant women : a mixed-method study
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 36:4, s. 393-405
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Mental imagery may reflect the present, past or future. Childbirth is often anticipated with joy but also in some cases with fear, which may negatively impact on the childbirth experience. So far, research on birth-related mental imagery in pregnancy is lacking. This study aimed to investigate in detail the phenomenology of spontaneous childbirth-related mental images and the association between main imagery characteristics (valence, positive/negative percentage ratio and impact on behaviour and decision-making) and fear of childbirth.Methods: A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was employed. Thirty-seven nulliparous, French-speaking women, aged 18years in their third trimester of pregnancy completed self-report questionnaires assessing fear of childbirth, spontaneous use of mental imagery, prenatal depression and trait anxiety, and participated in a mental imagery interview to assess spontaneous childbirth-related mental images. Women with a prenatal diagnosis of malformation were excluded.Results: All participants reported having spontaneous mental images of their impending childbirth. The images captured were rich in detail and included a variety of sensory modalities. More positive mental images were associated with less fear of childbirth (r=-0.533, p=.008) and women who had a higher proportion of negative mental images had a higher fear of childbirth (r=0.428, p=.005). The impact of the most negative mental images on behaviour and decision-making was positively correlated with fear of childbirth (r=0.342, p=.038).Conclusion: Our results indicate that negative spontaneous childbirth-related imagery is associated with fear of childbirth. Intervention techniques could be developed that focus on enhancing positive childbirth-related mental images during pregnancy and thus fostering a more positive childbirth experience.
|
|
| 9. |
- Grundström, Hanna, et al.
(author)
-
Factors related to a positive childbirth experience - a cross-sectional study
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/aimsGiving birth is a life-changing experience for women. Most previous studies have focused on risk factors for a negative childbirth experience. The primary aim of this study was to assess childbirth experience in a sample of postnatal Swedish women. The secondary aim was to analyse demographic and clinical determinants associated with a positive birth experience.Design/MethodsA digital survey including the instrument Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 (CEQ2) was answered by 619 women six to 16 weeks postpartum. Regression analyses were made assessing the impact that different factors had on the overall childbirth experience and the four subscales of CEQ2: Own Capacity, Perceived Safety, Professional Support and Participation.ResultsOverall, women were satisified with their birthing experience. Several factors contributed to a positive childbirth experience. Having a vaginal mode of birth (without vacuum extraction) together with not having ongoing mental health problems were the factors with the most influence on the total childbirth experience. Not having maternal complications postpartum and receiving much support from a trusted birth companion were two other important factors.ConclusionAlthough Swedish women tend to express satisfaction with their childbirth experiences, there is a necessity to advocate for a childbirth approach that optimises the chance of giving birth vaginally rather than with vacuum extraction or acute caesarean section, and reduces the risk for complications whenever possible. During pregnancy, mental health problems should be appropriately addressed. Healthcare professionals could also more actively involve the birth companion in the birthing process and equip them with the necessary tools to effectively support birthing women.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, 1955-, et al.
(author)
-
Parental stress in mothers and fathers one year after birth
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 32:1, s. 41-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:The aim was to compare prenatal feelings and parental stress in parents one year after birth. An additional aim was to study associations between parental stress and several explanatory factors in mothers and fathers.Background:The birth of a baby brings many changes to the lives of parents and families. Existing research on gender differences in parental stress levels is somewhat inconclusive.Method:A longitudinal Swedish survey of a one-year cohort of 783 women and 671 male partners recruited in mid pregnancy and followed up one year after birth. Data were collected using three questionnaires where different aspects of stress arising from the parenting role measured by the Swedish Parental Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) were investigated. Results: Women and men differed in age and level of education. Women had more negative feelings towards pregnancy, birth and the early parenthood compared to men. Women reported higher levels of parental stress than men in three out of five subscales in the SPSQ (Role Restriction, Social Isolation and Spouse Relationship). The subscales were moderately correlated with background variables but strongly correlated with prenatal feelings. Prenatal negative feelings about the pregnancy, the upcoming birth and the first weeks with a newborn baby were strongly correlated with parental stress for both mothers and fathers.Conclusion:Assessing parents' feelings and prenatal attitudes is important for understanding parental stress one year after birth. Health care providers should discuss these issues with both parents during pregnancy in order to help them cope with the normal stresses of parenting.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd
(author)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the early postnatal questionnaire for Swedish population
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previously developed instruments measuring the quality of postnatal care, based on women’s experiences and views, are mainly country-specific which makes it important to have studies for specific populations. The aim of this study was to explore validity and reliability evidence of a previously developed postnatal questionnaire for women living in Sweden. Method: A cross-sectional study based on self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Early Postnatal Questionnaire (EPQ), and was administered to 1061 women who gave birth in two regional hospitals in Swedish during 2017. Validity evidence of the EPQ was undertaken using principal component analysis. Regarding reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was used. Results: The questionnaire was returned by 483 postnatal women. The analysis resulted in three components: Information, Postnatal Environment and Caring Relationship. The Cronbach alpha values of the components ranged from 0.762 to 0.879. Foreign-born women scored higher (more positively) in all three components, compared to women born in Sweden. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the instrument EPQ is a psychometrically useful tool, suitable for both research and clinical settings. The three-component structure provides researchers with the opportunity to conduct a more detailed exploration of various aspects of postnatal care to develop postnatal care. Further studies focusing on foreign-born women’s experiences of postnatal care are warranted.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Johnsen, Helle, et al.
(author)
-
Nordic fathers’ willingness to participate during pregnancy
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 35:3, s. 223-235
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to illuminate expectant first-time fathers’ experiences of participation during pregnancy in three Nordic countries. Background: Fathers’ participation in pregnancy is associated with improved health for the family as a whole. Research so far has primarily explored fathers’ participation in pregnancy within health care settings. It is important to know more about how fathers today engage in all aspects of pregnancy. Methods: Content analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with 31 first time fathers from Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Interviews were undertaken when their partner was pregnant 30 weeks or more. Results: Data analysis resulted in the main category ‘Willingness to participate’ and the two generic categories: ‘Being beside the “bump”’ and ‘Cementing the partnership’. ‘Being beside the “bump”’ was supported by the subcategories: ‘Visualising the unborn child’, ‘Being included in the rites of motherhood,’ ‘Lacking full control’, ‘Compensating for lack of embodiment’ and ‘Adopting an active father role’. ‘Cementing the partnership’ encompassed the subcategories: ‘Strengthening the partner relationship’, ‘Meeting the professionals, ‘Sharing experiences with peers’ and ‘Protecting their child and their partner’. Conclusion: Fathers wanted to participate and be responsible from the beginning of pregnancy. Fathers’ participation in pregnancy involves a wide range of activities and strategies both within the domestic and the professional care-giving sphere. Health care professional’s approaches to the father-to-be can enhance or reduce experiences of inclusion in antenatal care.
|
|
| 14. |
- Jomeen, J, et al.
(author)
-
Tokophobia and fear of birth : a workshop consensus statement on current issues and recommendations for future research.
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 39:1, s. 2-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To discuss and develop a statement on the current state of the evidence and opinion in Fear of Childbirth (FoC) and Tokophobia (Tocophobia), and to provide recommendations. Background: A group met in 2019 to discuss the state of clinical and academic knowledge relating to FoC/Tokophobia. Five key areas were agreed as the focus of the meeting. Methods: 12 internationally acknowledged experts, in this or a closely related area (e.g. PTSD) met to discuss their understanding of the evidence for FoC/ Tokophobia and current practice. The consensus described in this paper constitutes the expression of the general opinion of the participants and does not necessarily imply unanimity. Keys points: Work focussed on tokophobia is recent and there remains a wide range of issues, which were addressed in the workshop including complexity in defining prevalence, a theoretical lack of understanding, which creates challenge for robust assessment and the identification of risk factors. An improved aetiological and developmental understanding of the tokophobia is required to underpin appropriate, effective and evidence-based interventions. Evaluation of pathways of care and relevant interventions, should be a focus of future research. Conclusion: Significant gaps remain within the FoC/tokophobia knowledge base. Further research is necessary.
|
|
| 15. |
- Järvholm, Stina, et al.
(author)
-
Risk factors for depression and anxiety among men and women planning for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 34:3, s. 282-292
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown that women planning for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) show more distress than do men. Most studies about distress and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are based on women's experiences. Little is known about what are the risk factors for men and women to experience anxiety or depression when planning for PGD.Objective: The first aim was to investigate presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in men (n=17) and women (n=19) planning for PGD and compare this to men (n=23) and women (n=24) who were planning their first IVF. The second aim was to investigate if specified risk factors could predict the presence of anxiety and depression in the PGD group.Method: Anxiety and depression were measured with the questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale (HADS). The Swedish version of the short Sense of Coherence scale was used to measure individuals' sense of coherence. An index was created for six risk factors tested in the PGD group.Results: Low Sense of Coherence and history of miscarriage or termination were predictors of symptoms of depression among women in the PGD group. Socioeconomic risk and having a child with the genetic disease were predictors for anxiety in men.Conclusion: Women planning for PGD and IVF reported similar levels of anxiety or depression while men in the PGD group reported significantly more anxiety than men planning for IVF. Risk factors indicating depression or anxiety were found in the PGD group. The results of the present study are relevant for pre PGD counselling.
|
|
| 16. |
- Jävholm, Stina, 1971, et al.
(author)
-
The choice of Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnostis (PGD), a qualitative study among men and women
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 32:1, s. 57-69
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous qualitative studies have shown that the decision to undergo Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a demanding situation that increases psychological burden and activates moral beliefs and cognitive assessments. Most studies are based on women’s experiences. Studies about the choice are mostly done in a hypothetical setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate psychological aspects, the influence of the healthcare system and ethical considerations in relation to men and women’s decision to undergo PGD. Method: Nineteen couples (19 women and 17 men) all planning and eligible for PGD in Sweden were interviewed. Data were analysed with a thematic approach. Results: The analysis lead to the formation of a master theme, labelled Choosing. In addition, three subthemes emerged – In relation to myself, In relation to the child, and In relation to the society – and nine underlying categories. No differences were found between men and women concerning emotional depth or cognitive recognition of the decision. Conclusion: The men and women in this study were a heterogeneous group with great variations in reproductive history. However, they expressed common themes about what affected them in their deciding to undergo PGD. The themes are complex and activate ethical reasoning. The results of the present study are relevant for pre-PGD counselling, and indicate that support should be provided to men as well as to women.
|
|
| 17. |
- Khalaf, Atika, et al.
(author)
-
Childbirth-related episiotomy and tear in relation to risk of postpartum depression : a retrospective cohort study on Omani mothers
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims/Background : Studies on the association between perineal trauma (episiotomy and tear) and the risk of postpartum depression in Omani mothers are scarce. This study aimed to screen women for the risk of postpartum depression and associated maternal adverse outcomes (episiotomy and tear) in newly delivered Omani mothers. Design/Methods: Mothers were screened for postpartum depression using only the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with cut-offs of 1–12 indicating low risk and 13–30 indicating high risk. Data on birth outcomes were collected retrospectively from the medical records. Descriptive analyses, group comparisons, and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results : Of the 262 participating mothers (total sample, i.e. mothers with and without depression), 19.0% had an episiotomy, 29.0% had tears, and 52.0% had an intact perineum after their childbirth. The total EPDS score was significantly higher among mothers with episiotomy (10.4, SD = 5.4) compared to those with tears (8.1, SD = 4.8) and those with intact perineum (9.4, SD = 4.9) (p-value <0.05). Lower levels of depression (−2.23 points on average) were significantly (p-value <0.05) associated with higher levels of perineum status (coded as 1 = episiotomy, 2 = other). Mothers who had a tear or episiotomy had on average 1.24 points higher EPDS scores compared to mothers with an intact perineum, although not significant (p-value >0.05). Conclusions : Policymakers and clinicians are recommended to consider following up mothers with adverse birth outcomes to outline the risk of developing postpartum depression, at the same time as they routinely screen all mothers for risk of postpartum depression during their postpartum visits.
|
|
| 18. |
- Kjaergaard, Hanne, et al.
(author)
-
Fear of childbirth in obstetrically low‐risk nulliparous women in Sweden and Denmark
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:4, s. 340-350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of troublesome fear of childbirth (FOC) in Western countries is about 20%, of which approximately 6–10% suffer from severe FOC that impacts daily life. The countries of Sweden and Denmark are quite alike as far as childbirth culture is concerned. However, to some extent they differ in the organisation of midwifery care during the antenatal and labour period, respectively, and this may influence women's FOC. The aims of this study were to compare FOC among Danish and Swedish nulliparous women and to investigate a possible difference in FOC between women who, during pregnancy, had met the midwife who they were subsequently coincidentally allocated to receive labour care from and women who had not previously met the midwife. In total 165 women participated, comprising 55 Swedes and 110 Danes, of whom 55 among the latter group had met the midwife during pregnancy. Severe FOC was found in 10%. There were no differences between the Swedish women and the Danish women who had or had not met the midwife. Fear of childbirth measured in gestational week 37 correlated positively with fear at admission to the labour ward.
|
|
| 19. |
- Lidbeck, Monica, 1965, et al.
(author)
-
Division of parental leave and perceived parenting stress among mothers and fathers
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 36:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore associations between division of parental leave and perceived parenting stress in mothers and fathers of infants. Background: In Sweden, both parents have the same right to parental leave, and fathers use about a quarter of the total 480 benefit days. Little is known about the parents’ psychological well-being in terms of stress arising from the parenting role and its association with equal or unequal division of parental leave. Methods: 280 parents completed the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) at 6 months and 18 months after childbirth. Results: Fathers who shared parental leave equally were less affected by perceived parenting stress than those who shared unequally (adjusted B –0.20; 95% CI –0.33 to –0.06). No such association was found among mothers. Conclusion: Parents’ choices regarding parental leave division were associated with perceived parenting stress among fathers, but not among mothers. Unequal division of leave contributed to parenting stress in fathers.
|
|
| 20. |
- Lindahl, Lisbeth B, et al.
(author)
-
Social proximity in Swedish mother-daughter and mother-son interactions in infancy.
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 20:1, s. 37-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated free play interactions between 20 Swedish mothers andtheir infants (11 boys and nine girls) at 9 and 14 months of age. Higher degrees of socialproximity within mother± daughters dyads were found, as compared to mother± son dyads.Mothers with daughters also displayed more physical contact at 9 months and scored higher onmaternal sensitivity at 14 months, as compared to mothers of boys. Higher degrees of socialpromixity (combined infant and mother scores) were found at 14 months of age, as comparedto 9 months. These findings suggest that despite the high level of gender equality promoted inSwedish society, Swedish mothers treat girls differently from boys.
|
|
| 21. |
- Morano, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Emotions in labour: Italian obstetricians’ experiences of presence during childbirth
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 36:1, s. 30-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The present study represents a qualitative research aimed to explore the obstetricians’ psychological experiences of birth. Background: During labour the role of obstetricians assumes a fundamental importance in hospitalised childbirth. However, literature analysis has shown that the psychological side of birth has been investigated only considering the woman’s and midwife’s points of view. The obstetricians’ psychological experiences have not been considered enough and only a few studies at a quantitative level have been performed. Methods: Seven focus groups for a total of 72 obstetricians were conducted in hospital contexts in Italy. The qualitative methodology of grounded theory was adopted. Findings: The results were divided into three different core themes: obstetricians’ approaches to delivery, critical aspects about relationships in the delivery room, and obstetricians’ feelings and emotions in the delivery room. Each theme was subdivided into different subthemes. Conclusion: The results highlight different ways obstetricians approach their profession, the complex and multifaceted relationship with the woman and the extraordinary variety of feelings and emotions, which enrich, but also may complicate, life in the delivery room. Further studies could provide more details to help researchers to develop new and more effective strategies to support obstetricians’ training and work.
|
|
| 22. |
- Möller, Kristiina, et al.
(author)
-
Couple Relationship and Transition to Parenthood: Does Workload at Home Matter?
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:1, s. 57-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper the association between the quality of couple relationships and household workload after the transition to parenthood is investigated. The sample consists of 251 men and women recruited through 21 child health‐care centres in South Bohuslän, Sweden. The results reveal a significant correlation between experiences of household workload and the quality of couple relationship for women when they have had both their first and their second child. The association clearly remains for first‐time mothers even when other characteristics, which may affect the couple's relationship, are included, such as stress, child's temperament, and social support. Stress also appears to have a significant connection with the satisfaction with the couple relationship, specifically for men. These results indicate that in a society with a high level of equality between men and women, household work and stress appear to be indicators of relationship happiness for persons who have recently become parents.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Nygren, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Adult attachment and parenting stress among parents of toddlers
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles / Taylor and Francis (Routledge). - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 30:3, s. 289-302
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to revise the dimensionality of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) assessing adult attachment and relate it to parenting stress within a large sample of parents of toddlers. Methods: As part of a longitudinal population-based study, 8122 parents (97% mothers) completed the 18-item version of RSQ and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) when their child was 2-3 years of age. Results: Exploratory factor analyses gave three uncorrelated RSQ factors named (1) Importance of Independence, (2) Relationship-related Anxiety, and (3) Discomfort with Closeness, with Cronbachs alpha andgt;= 0.65. In a linear regression Parenting Stress was most closely related to Relationship-related Anxiety (b = 0.20, t = 39.0), weaker associations were found with the attachment dimensions capturing avoidance: Importance of Independence (b = 0.07, t = 13.40) and Discomfort with Closeness (b = 0.07, t = 12.04). The SPSQ subscales Incompetence (R-2 = 17%) and Social Isolation (R-2 = 22%) showed stronger association with adult attachment than the remaining three. Conclusion: The agreement with previous findings in other study populations indicates that substantial and meaningful dimensions of attachment have been captured. Attachment anxiety and discomfort with closeness seem to have an important relationship with the perception of parenting stress, especially concerning feelings of incompetence and social isolation.
|
|
| 25. |
- Pallant, Julie, et al.
(author)
-
Psychometric evaluation and refinement of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 32:2, s. 112-125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore the underlying structure of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and to assess the psychometric properties of the subscales. Background: The establishment of the mother-fetus relationship is an important developmental task for successful adaption to pregnancy, with implications for the well-being of mother and child. The PAI was developed to measure the relationship between a women and her fetus. Although originally developed as a single dimension, other researchers have suggested alternative factor structures. Methods: A self-report questionnaire, including the PAI, was administered to 775 Swedish women in late pregnancy. Psychometric assessment of the PAI was undertaken using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Rasch analysis. Results: EFA indicated a three-factor solution, which was confirmed by CFA. The previously reported single-factor and five-factor solutions were not supported. Rasch analysis was used to form three 6-item PAI-Revised subscales (Anticipation, Interaction, Differentiation). All subscales showed good overall fit to the Rasch model and good internal consistency. The three subscales were moderately intercorrelated, sharing between 23% and 42% of their variance, suggesting they should be used separately, pending further research concerning their unique predictive power. Conclusion: These results suggest that PAI-Revised is a psychometrically sound tool, suitable for use in research and clinical settings. It can be used to guide the identification, support, and follow-up of pregnant women with low attachment. The three subscales, although related, may tap different aspects of the attachment construct, with different antecedents and consequences for the well-being of mother and child.
|
|
| 26. |
- Ranji, Azar, et al.
(author)
-
Routine ultrasound investigations in the second trimester of pregnancy: the experiences of immigrant parents in Sweden
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 30:3, s. 312-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: to describe the experiences of immigrant parents of an ultrasound examination in the second trimester of pregnancy, highlighting information, communication, thoughts, feelings and well-being. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study using in-depth interviews with parents separately. Content analysis was used. A total of nine Farsi-speaking couples, in all 18 persons, who now live in Sweden, were interviewed. Results: Four main categories emerged from the parents' descriptions: experiencing professionals who were informative and communicative, experiencing the first encounter with their unborn child, experiencing a well-planned routine and experiencing a humanistic encounter within the health-care organisation. Conclusion: Parents saw the ultrasound examination as a means of: getting visual confirmation of their pregnancy, reassurance about the health and well-being of their foetus and making connection with their baby; and receiving confirmation of their baby's gender. The parents were impressed by the quality of their communication with the care-givers, which influenced their judgement of the whole procedure, including the technical quality of the care.
|
|
| 27. |
- Rodriguez, Alina, et al.
(author)
-
Psychosocial predictors of smoking and exercise during pregnancy
- 2000
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 18:3, s. 203-223
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined health behaviours among nulliparous pregnant Swedish women. Structural equation modelling ( N = 350) was used to predict smoking and exercise at gestational weeks 20 and 32 from psychosocial factors measured in early and mid-pregnancy. Although women altered their lifestyle early in pregnancy, so that by gestational week 20 both smoking and exercise had declined, previous behaviours remained strong and consistent predictors of later behaviours. Hostility and health awareness predicted smoking at both weeks 20 and 32. Smoking at week 32 was also predicted by concurrent perceived stress. Exercise at week 20 was predicted by hostility, social support, stress, and whether or not the pregnancy was planned; and at week 32 only health awareness was significant. Social support had a significant indirect effect on each behaviour, which suggests that social support facilitated compliance with health professionals' recommendations. These results suggest that psychosocial factors previously associated with health outcomes also predict health behaviours throughout pregnancy.
|
|
| 28. |
- Rubertsson, Christine, et al.
(author)
-
Depressive mood in early pregnancy and postpartum: prevalence and women at risk in a national Swedish sample
- 2005
-
In: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE AND INFANT PSYCHOLOGY. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 23:2, s. 155-166
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the prevalence of postnatal depressive mood in a national Swedish sample, together with factors associated with depressed mood postpartum only as opposed to having depressed mood both in early pregnancy and postpartum. Swedish-speaking women booked for antenatal care during a chosen period of three recruitment weeks were invited and 3293 (72%) agreed to participate in the study. Of these women, 2674 (81%) completed two questionnaires, one in early pregnancy and another 2 months postpartum. Depressive mood was assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the validated Swedish cut-off of 11/12 was used. In all, 12.3% scored above the threshold postpartum depressed mood, that being 6.5% postpartum only ('post' group) and 5.8% both in pregnancy and postpartum ('ante and post' group). Unemployment, lack of support, and physical health problems were the most important factors associated with a postpartum depressed mood in both groups. Women in the 'ante and post' group were more socially disadvantaged with increased relative risks in most of the factors that were investigated. Postnatal problems such as dissatisfaction with support from relatives and factors related to the infant were only associated with a depressed mood in the 'post' group. Obtaining a psychosocial history in early pregnancy, including factors associated with a depressed mood, may be the first step towards identifying and providing individualized care for women at risk of sustained or recurrent depressive mood during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Rubertsson, Christine, et al.
(author)
-
Maternal depressive symptoms have a negative impact on prenatal attachment : findings from a Swedish community sample
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 33:2, s. 153-164
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate attachment and its association to obstetric and demographic factors as well as emotional well-being using a standard measure of prenatal attachment during pregnancy. Background: The strength of the mothers' relationship with her baby has important implications in the postnatal period, influencing the relationship she develops with her child, and the quality of the care she provides. Methods: This was a population-based longitudinal survey comprising a consecutive sample from a one-year cohort in a Swedish county. In this study the three subscales of PAI-R (Prenatal Attachment Inventory – Revised) were used for evaluation of attachment. In total, 718 pregnant women participated in this study. Results: Women with elevated levels of depression (HADS-D > 8) recorded lower attachment scores across all three PAI-R subscales. Lack of perceived support from partner was associated with lower scores on Interaction. Lack of support from own mother and own father were also associated with lower scores on all subscales. Attachment was also associated with feelings about the approaching birth and about the first weeks with the newborn, with women who reported less than positive feelings recording lower scores on each of the PAI-R subscales. Conclusion: A focus on attachment during antenatal care and the use of PAI-R during pregnancy provides a means of identifying those women who show lower levels of attachment and possible emotional problems that may impact on emotional health and the birth process.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Ryding, E.L., et al.
(author)
-
Emergency cesarean section : 25 Women's experiences
- 2000
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 18:1, s. 33-39
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to categorize women's experiences of emergency cesarean section based on the patterns displayed in their narration of the event, and to describe, if possible, typical features of those categories. Twenty-five consecutive women were interviewed a few days and 1-2 months after emergency cesarean section. The narratives of the women were recorded according to a time-spatial model from disaster psychiatry. The occurrence of a traumatic delivery experience and of posttraumatic intrusive stress reactions 6 weeks postpartum in the various categories was assessed. The narratives of the 25 women can be categorized as follows: Pattern 1 - confidence whatever happens (n = 5), Pattern 2 - positive expectations turning into disappointment (n = 7), Pattern 3 - fears that come true (n = 9), and Pattern 4 - confusion and amnesia (n = 4). In the second and third groups all women had experienced the delivery as traumatic. The women in the second group had the highest prevalence of posttraumatic intrusive stress reactions 6 weeks after the emergency cesarean section.
|
|
| 33. |
- Salomonsson, Bjorn, et al.
(author)
-
Maternal experiences and the mother-infant dyads development: introducing the Interview of Mothers Experiences (I-ME)
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles / Taylor and Francis (Routledge). - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 30:1, s. 21-50
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study introduces an instrument, the Interview of Mothers Experiences (I-ME), focusing on how the mothers past and present experiences relate to her psychological state and interaction with the baby. Background: Questionnaires and video-taped interactions are used for assessing dyadic relationship disturbances. Validated interviews are rarer and might yield additional information. Method: Analyses were made on 86 dyads from a randomised controlled trial comparing mother-infant psychoanalytic treatment with Swedish Child Health Centre care. Data were assembled from two interviews with a 6-month interval. Initial infant mean age was 5 months. Concurrent and predictive validity were assessed by comparisons with questionnaires and mother-baby interaction ratings. Results: The I-MEs internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were high. Factor analyses indicated its incremental validity beyond questionnaires and interaction ratings. The hypothesis that I-ME scores would be closely related to the interaction ratings was refuted. Rather, they were associated with questionnaires on depression and infant functioning. The I-ME predicted the mothers interactive contributions six months later, whereas the questionnaire on maternal psychopathology predicted the infants contributions. Conclusions: The I-ME may help detecting dyads at risk for future difficulties with interactions and attachment, beyond other assessment methods such as mother-report questionnaires.
|
|
| 34. |
- Schytt, Erica, et al.
(author)
-
A comparison of Swedish and English primiparas’ experiences of birth
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:4, s. 277-294
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data were examined from two independent survey-based longitudinal studies, ‘KUB’ in Sweden and ‘Greater expectations?’ in England, which had similar aims and methodology. Our joint data sets offered us the opportunity to look for similarities and differences between the samples that might contribute to women’s experiences of childbirth and mode of birth, as well as psychosocial sequelae. Analyses were restricted to those giving birth for the first time. We offer this as a ‘worked example’ of the limitations of post hoc comparison and as a demonstration of what can, nonetheless, be learnt. Analysis revealed many commonalities as well as a number of striking differences. The most robust finding was that Swedish primiparas were significantly more likely to have an unassisted vaginal birth. The data also suggest that they used more positive terms to describe themselves in labour, but these differences between the two samples was not reflected in the evaluation of childbirth overall. Regression analyses showed that the variables associated with an unassisted birth and with childbirth satisfaction were very similar in the two samples.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Sydsjö, Gunilla, 1956-, et al.
(author)
-
Psychosocial risk mothers : Early mother-child interaction and behavioural disturbances in children at 8 years of age
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 19:2, s. 135-146
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mother-child interaction in a group of women with psychosocial risks, identified during pregnancy, was assessed at birth, when the infants were 6 months old, and again when they were 18 months old. Presence of behavioural disturbances in the children was assessed when they were 8 years of age. The at-risk index group was comprised of 45 mothers and their children, with the risk criteria consisting of alcohol/drug abuse, psychiatric problems, and disadvantageous social circumstances. Another 57 mother-child pairs lacking in risk criteria comprised a reference group. Most aspects of mother-child interaction were shown to be significantly poorer in the index group than in the reference group at the three points of assessment during infancy. At 8 years of age, the index children, especially the boys, were found to display significantly more behavioural disturbances than the reference children. A significant correlation was also found in the index group, but not in the reference group, between the quality of mother-infant interaction at birth and the extent of behavioural disturbance in children at 8 years of age. Overall, the results suggest that identification can be made, even during pregnancy, of children who are at risk of poor interaction with mothers during infancy and at risk of behavioural problems later in development.
|
|
| 37. |
- Tideman, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Longitudinal follow-up of preterm children: the mother-and child relationship at 9 and 19 years of age
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 20:1, s. 43-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this longitudinal prospective study, 2 groups of children, 39 preterms and 23 fullterms, were followed up regarding the mother-child relationship at 9 and 19 years of age. Information was obtained from both the children and their mothers. A self-report scale was utilized for the assessment of the conscious attachment model, and percept-genetic tests displaying pictorial mother-child themes were utilized as a method of evaluating the uncon¬scious attachment model. A questionnaire was used to measure the degree of expressed emotion in the mother-child relationship. Percept-genetic tests show that at 9 years of age, the preterm children and their mothers differed significantly from the full-terms in their reports of the mother-child theme, and that at age 19, the preterms differed significantly from the full-terms in their perceptions of the attachment and separation themes. A greater degree of expressed emotion was found among the preterm mother-child dyads. The results indicate that preterm children may harbor emotional vulnerability regarding attachment and separation as young adults.
|
|
| 38. |
- Wennerström, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Parents who have received ‘psycho-prophylaxis training’ during pregnancy and their experience of childbirth - An interview study highlighting the experiences of both parents
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 39:4, s. 408-421
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The form of parental support during pregnancy is constantly changing due to developments in society. ‘Psycho-prophylaxis training’ is a form of parental support used in preparation for childbirth. Only a few studies describe the childbirth experience of both the parents. The aim was to interview parents receiving ‘psycho-prophylaxis training’ during pregnancy and to elucidate their experience of childbirth. Method: A total of 22 open interviews were conducted with 11 expectant mothers and their 11 partners. Analysis of the interviews was performed using the content analysis method. Results: Three categories emerged in the manifest phase. ‘To gain security from knowledge and focus on breathing and relaxation’, ‘The couple’s sense of proximity and the team collaboration with the maternity staff’ and ‘Meeting pain’. Two themes emerged during the latent analysis of which one was,” Participation gave a sense of security” and the other was ‘Manageability’. Conclusion: Knowledge about childbirth and the ability, by the mother, to use various breathing techniques seemed to help both parents, as it made both of them feel that they were themselves involved in the process.
|
|
| 39. |
- Wickberg, Birgitta, 1944, et al.
(author)
-
Using the EPDS in routine antenatal care in Sweden: a naturalistic study
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 23:1, s. 1-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in routine antenatal care. More specifically, we wanted to study the impact on the management of depressive symptoms when midwives were aware of womens EPDS scores and given training about potential impact and the ways in which it can be ameliorated. Sixteen midwives were not (study group) were informed of the womens EPDS score in gestational week 25, and 16 midwives were not (comparison group). Women in the study group displayed a significant reduction in the within-group EPDS mean score from week 25 to week 36 compared with women in the comparison group. An analysis of change scores revealed that whilst there was no significant difference between the groups in number of visits to the midwife or doctor, or in number of referrals to a mental health professional, there was a significant different change patterns for the two groups from the first to the second assessment. The results of this study suggest that midwives who are aware of pregnant womens depressive symptoms and are given training in how to ameliorate them support these women more effectively than midwives who are not aware and have not been give additional training on its treatment.
|
|
| 40. |
- Wijma, Klaas, et al.
(author)
-
Predicting psychological well-being after emergency caesarean section : A preliminary study
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 20:1, s. 25-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The experience of emergency caesarean section (EmCS) is traumatic for many women. Up to now, a possible relationship between psychological variables before and after EmCS has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was designed, to examine whether the women's psychological condition during pregnancy correlates with their psychological well-being after EmCS. Questionnaires were administered in gestation week 32, a few days and one month after EmCS. A consecutive sample of pregnant women (N = 1981) completed questionnaires (the predictors) at Time 1. Predictors were operationalized by means of the Wijma-Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ vers. A), the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Stress Coping Inventory (SCI). Of those women who had an EmCS (N = 97), a selection (N = 40) completed questionnaires (the criterion variables) at Times 2 and 3. The criterion variables were operationalized by means of the W-DEQ vers. B, the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL). Fear of childbirth (W-DEQ vers. A) was the best overall predictor of the three criterion variables, whereas general anxiety (STAI) was the best predictor of mental distress (SCL) after EmCS. In conclusion, according to the results of this study, particularly fear of childbirth during late pregnancy, but also general anxiety, is associated with mental distress after a subsequent EmCS. Maternal follow-up after a complicated delivery should perhaps be directed especially to women with a history of serious fear of childbirth and/or other anxiety difficulties during gestation.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Ranji, Azar, et al.
(author)
-
Routine ultrasound investigations in the second trimester of pregnancy : the experiences of immigrant parents in Sweden
- 2012
-
In: Journal of reproductive and infant psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0264-6838. ; 30:3, s. 312-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: to describe the experiences of immigrant parents of an ultrasound examination in the second trimester of pregnancy, highlighting information, communication, thoughts, feelings and well-being. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study using in-depth interviews with parents separately. Content analysis was used. A total of nine Farsi-speaking couples, in all 18 persons, who now live in Sweden, were interviewed. Results: Four main categories emerged from the parents’ descriptions: experiencing professionals who were informative and communicative, experiencing the first encounter with their unborn child, experiencing a well-planned routine and experiencing a humanistic encounter within the healthcare organisation. Conclusion: Parents saw the ultrasound examination as a means of: getting visual confirmation of their pregnancy, reassurance about the health and well-being of their foetus and making connection with their baby; and receiving confirmation of their baby’s gender. The parents were impressed by the quality of their communication with the care-givers, which influenced their judgement of the whole procedure, including the technical quality of the care.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
