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1.
  • Aldrich, RM, et al. (författare)
  • U.S. and Swedish Student Learning Through Online Synchronous International Interactions
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 69 Suppl 2, s. 6912350010p1-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a continued need to communicate global perspectives in occupational therapy education, but the literature addressing how to incorporate firsthand global experiences into campus learning environments is scant. This article describes how course-based synchronous interactions between U.S. undergraduate occupational science students and Swedish undergraduate occupational therapy students occur via online technology. In a 2014 pilot study, we thematically analyzed students’ open-ended survey responses to discern what students learned through the interactive sessions. We also performed a content analysis of four audio-recorded interactive sessions to understand the content and nature of students’ learning. Our findings suggest that course-based online synchronous interactions provide a positive way for students to learn about other cultures and global differences in occupational therapy practice. The findings also highlight needs for improvement relative to the structure and aims of the interactive sessions. We relate these findings to the global availability of technology and occupational therapists’ cultural competence.
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2.
  • Bontje, P, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational adaptation: the experiences of older persons with physical disabilities
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 58:2, s. 140-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of occupational adaptation among a small number of older Dutch persons with physical disabilities. Occupational adaptation was tentatively defined as overcoming disabling influences on occupational functioning. Eight occupational therapy clients, who were living in the community, were interviewed using an open in-depth interview format. A phenomenological analysis resulted in descriptions of occupational adaptation as a process that required these clients’ active engagement. The clients recruited already familiar problem-solving strategies and personal resources as well as resources in their social and physical environments to identify prospects of potential solutions and to create solutions to overcome constraints on occupational functioning. Furthermore, participants strived for finding satisfaction through occupations, a meaning theme which emerged as the object of occupational adaptation. Satisfaction through occupations was found in maintaining daily routines and engaging in fulfilling occupations.
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3.
  • Borell, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Occupations and Signs of Reduced Hope : An Explorative Study of Older Adults with Functional Impairments
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 55:3, s. 311-316
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. The purpose of this explorative study was to uncover and interpret the experiences, values, and meaning of being in daily occupations of older adults with functional impairments. Method. Interviews were conducted with 21 older adults with disabilities who were between 70 and 92 years of age. The interviews occurred in their home environments; 18 of the 21 participants lived alone. The interviews were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Occupational themes related to participation against the odds, retreat from occupation, the need for an invitation from others, and personal meanings related to capacities for occupation were uncovered. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the loss of positive belief in enjoyable occupations can be a sign of reduced hope in late life. For occupational therapists, whether an older adult has made a conscious choice to withdraw from occupational life or has too few occupational choices is important to distinguish.
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4.
  • de Diego-Alonso, Cristina, et al. (författare)
  • Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance in Spanish Stroke Survivors
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 78:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Stroke survivors experience changes in participation level, satisfaction with participation, and participation balance, making it necessary to have a validated tool for their assessment. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB) in stroke survivors. Design: Psychometric study. Setting: National multicenter study (rehabilitation centers, and hospitals). Participants: One hundred forty stroke survivors with and without a primary caregiver. Outcomes and Measures: Participants completed the SDO-OB, the five -level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L), and the Activity Card Sort (ACS). Internal consistency, convergent validity, known -groups validity, and floor and ceiling effects were assessed. Intraobserver reliability was assessed 1 wk apart. Results: The internal consistency was acceptable; Cronbach's a = .80, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.75, 0.85]. A moderate correlation was found between the SDO-OB summed participation level and summed participation satisfaction (r = .53). Both SDO-OB summed scores correlated with ACS scores (0.25 < r < .61). However, only summed participation satisfaction scores correlated with the emotional component of the EQ-5D-5L (r = .32). The SDO-OB discriminated between groups with and without a caregiver ( p = .001) and had no floor or ceiling effects (<7%). Good intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were obtained for summed participation level (ICC = .91; 95% CI [.85, .94]) and summed participation satisfaction (ICC = .86; 95% CI [.78, .92]). Standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were 0.7 and 1.9 points, respectively, for summed participation level and 4.5 and 12.4, respectively, for summed participation satisfaction. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the SDO-OB presented good psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument to address participation level, participation satisfaction, and participation balance in stroke survivors. Plain -Language Summary: After a stroke, survivors experience changes in their participation in daily activities and how satisfied they are with them. This study examined whether a tool called Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB) could provide reliable information about this. We looked at 140 stroke survivors from different places in Spain to see whether they had someone caring for them, how healthy they were, and how their participation in daily activities changed after stroke. We found that the SDO-OB is helpful for understanding a stroke survivor's situation and can identify areas needing intervention and track changes caused by intervention plans.
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5.
  • Dolva, Anne-Stine, et al. (författare)
  • Functional performance characteristics associated with postponing elementary school entry among children with Down syndrom
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 61:4, s. 414-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relation between functional performance skills of children with Down syndrome and the age of entry into mainstream elementary education. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study of 70% of the 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), we measured functional performance using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The study was a follow-up of a previous study of the same children at age 5 assessed using the same instrument. Data from both studies were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Forty percent of the sample of children with Down syndrome in Norway had entered elementary school after a 1-year postponement (i.e., at age 7). The functional performance skills of the children, as measured using the PEDI, were significantly lower at both age 5 and age 7 in self-care and social function compared with children with Down syndrome who entered elementary school at the usual time (i.e., at age 6). The main characteristics associated with postponed elementary school entry were found in communication skills and bladder and bowel management. CONCLUSION: A certain level of development and independence seems to be required for a child with Down syndrome to be viewed as ready to enter elementary school, and perceptions of readiness for school may be culturally dependent. In addition to the well-described challenges in language and communication skills, being viewed as ready for school includes having stopped using diapers, a topic not previously mentioned as a factor in postponing elementary school entry for children with Down syndrome. Awareness of culturally influenced performance skills may give direction to parents and professionals in targeting areas in the preschool years that might help promote these children's readiness for school.
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6.
  • Dolva, Anne Stine, et al. (författare)
  • Functional performance in children with Down syndrome
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 58:6, s. 621-629
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to describe home and community functional performance in 5-year-old children with Down syndrome. METHOD. In a cross-sectional study of 5-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), functional performance was measured with the Norwegian translation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Additional descriptive information related to health, disabilities, and function was also gathered. RESULTS. The children showed a wide range of functional performance. Performance of self-care activities appeared most delayed on activities that required fine motor skills. Children appeared less affected in basic functional mobility skills. Parents' identified their main concerns as language functioning and, for the children not yet toilet trained, the management of bladder and bowel control in relation to starting school. CONCLUSION. The results provide baseline information regarding typical levels of functional performance in children with Down syndrome at 5 years of age. However, the broad range of functional performance across children indicates a need for caution in generalizing the results to an individual child.
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7.
  • Engstrand, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Interrater Reliability in Finger Joint Goniometer Measurement in Dupuytrens Disease
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 66:1, s. 98-103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated interrater reliability of range of motion (ROM) measurement in the finger joints of people with Dupuytrens disease. Eight raters measured flexion and extension of the three finger joints in one affected finger of each of 13 people with different levels of severity of Dupuytrens disease, giving 104 measures of joints and motions. Reliability measures, represented by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of the mean (SEM), and differences between raters with the highest and lowest mean scores, were calculated. ICCs ranged from .832 to .973 depending on joint and motion. The SEM was andlt;= 3 degrees for all joints and motions. Differences in mean between highest and lowest raters were larger for flexion than for extension; the largest difference was in the distal interphalangeal joint. The results indicate that following these standardized guidelines, the interrater reliability of goniometer measurements is high for digital ROM in people with Dupuytrens disease.
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8.
  • Eriksson, Gunilla, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived Participation After Stroke : The Influenceof Activity Retention, Reintegration, andPerceived Recovery
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 1943-7676 .- 0272-9490. ; 67:6, s. e131-e138
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the extent to which perceptions of participation in everyday occupationswere affected in a sample of people with predominantly mild stroke. Demographic variables, strokeseverity, community integration, participation in everyday occupations, and perceptions of recovery wereexamined as potential contributors to their perceptions of participation.METHODWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 116 people with mild to moderate first strokeassessed approximately 6 mo after stroke.RESULTSPerceptions of participation assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale varied (range 5 19–100),with a mean score of 82. Regression analyses revealed three factors that contributed to perceptions ofparticipation: retention of previous activities, reintegration in home and community, and perception ofstroke recovery.CONCLUSIONAlthough the majority of participants reported a high level of perceived participation, morethan a third failed to report successful participation.
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9.
  • Gahnström-Strandqvist, Kitty, et al. (författare)
  • The meaning of the working cooperative for persons with long-term mental illness : A phenomenological study
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 57:3, s. 262-272
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this phenomenological study was to understand the meanings of the lived experiences of persons with long-term mental illness at a social working cooperative. Eighteen participants were interviewed either two or three times while participating in a working cooperative in a community psychosocial rehabilitation program. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the Empirical, Phenomenological, Psychological (EPP) method (Karlsson, 1993). The findings revealed a meaning-structure consisting of one main constituent that characterized the cooperative as a normalizing life-world. Three phases contributed to the normalization process. In the first phase the participants experienced a shift from an unsatisfying occupational context to an enriching occupational life-world. In the second phase participants had the possibility to satisfy some of their occupational and social needs. During this phase, experiences of being productive and needed, commitment to others, development of their skills, and competence in work tasks and social activities were expressed. In the third phase, the meaning of the cooperative changed for some participants, who expressed this through their readiness to leave and take a further step into the life-world outside the cooperative.
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10.
  • Gantschnig, Brigitte E, et al. (författare)
  • Detecting differences in activities of daily living between children with and without mild disabilities
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Bethesda, MD, USA : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 67:3, s. 319-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. We evaluated whether the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) measures are valid for detecting differences in activities of daily living (ADL) ability among children with and without mild disabilities.METHOD. Retrospective data from the AMPS database were analyzed using many-facet Rasch analyses and forced regression analyses to evaluate for significant group differences.RESULTS. Regression analyses of data for 10,998 children ages 4-15 who met the inclusion criteria revealed significant Age x Group interaction effects (B >= 0.23, T >= 6.20, p <= .001). Post hoc t tests revealed significant group differences in ADL ability at all ages beyond age 4. ADL process ability effect sizes were moderate to large at all ages, and ADL motor ability was mostly moderate to large at ages 6 or older.CONCLUSION. These findings support the validity of the AMPS measures when used to identify ADL problems, among children with mild disabilities.
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11.
  • Granbom, Marianne, et al. (författare)
  • Community Relocation in Very Old Age: Changes in Housing Accessibility.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 70:2, s. 1-7002270020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to compare environmental barriers, housing accessibility, and usability before and after relocation of very old, single-living people in the community. It also examined whether accessibility improved after relocation compared with a simulated scenario in which participants would have remained in their former dwellings.
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12.
  • Guidetti, S, et al. (författare)
  • Meaning of context in recapturing self-care after stroke or spinal cord injury
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 63:3, s. 323-332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study identifies the meaning of context in recapturing self-care after a stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI). Recapturing denotes the process of engaging in self-care to regain the ability to participate in self-care activities. Five people who had had a stroke and 6 people with SCI were interviewed 1–3 months after onset. The interviews were open ended and transcribed verbatim. They were analyzed by using the empirical, phenomenological, psychological method, which identified 6 main characteristics describing the role of context in recapturing self-care: (1) support from others, (2) an air of expectation, (3) extended time, (4) new daily structure, (5) therapeutic relationship as enabling possibility, and (6) gradual change in challenge. These findings showed that rehabilitation professionals play an important role in creating a context that contributes to recapturing self-care by allowing extended time, enabling patients to see possibilities, and creating expectations for them to do things on their own.
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13.
  • Hemmingsson, Helena, 1940-, et al. (författare)
  • An occupational perspective on the concept of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health--some critical remarks
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Aota Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 59:5, s. 569-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; World Health Organization, 2001) provides an international and interprofessional scientific basis for understanding and studying health. The concept of participation plays an important role in the classification and has become a central construct in health care, rehabilitation, and in occupational therapy. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the concept of participation in the ICF. As background, the origins and current presentation of the ICF are presented. The use and function of the ICF and the contemporary discussions regarding the classification are reviewed. An occupational perspective on participation in the ICF reveals major shortcomings regarding the subjective experience of meaning and autonomy. Furthermore, the ICF has limitations in capturing different kinds of participation in a single life situation. Following these analyses we discuss the advantages and shortcomings of using the ICF, and how an occupational perspective can contribute to an ongoing discussion about the development of the ICF.
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14.
  • Hemmingsson, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Use of Assistive Technology Devices in mainstream schools; students´ perspective
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC. - 1943-7676 .- 0272-9490. ; 63:4, s. 463-472
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. The use and nonuse of assistive technology devices in school by students with physical disabilities was investigated, and the students’ experiences in using these devices is described.METHOD. We used a mixed-methods approach with predominantly qualitative methods to collect and analyze data, which included observations of and interviews with 20 students with physical disabilities and the number and type of assistive technology devices provided.RESULTS. It is vital that devices be integrated into educational practice and that students experience immediate benefits for their function in everyday school activities without detrimental effects on their social participation. The latter was often more important than being able to perform activities independently.CONCLUSION. The students adopted both a functional and a psychosocial perspective of their devices, and providers should neglect neither. Children and youth need both verbal information and practical experience using devices to be able to make informed decisions.
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15.
  • Hernandez, Raymond, et al. (författare)
  • Validity and Reliability of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) in a U.S. Sample of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 77:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Although occupational balance (OB) is a construct of importance to occupational therapy, existing OB assessments have not been validated in clinical populations.OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and reliability of the 11-item version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) in U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes.DESIGN: Data were analyzed from adults with Type 1 diabetes enrolled in a larger longitudinal study examining the relationships among blood glucose, emotion, and functioning. Dimensionality of the OBQ11 was assessed with item response theory (IRT); convergent validity was tested by examining whether associations between the OBQ11 and other constructs were consistent with a priori hypotheses.SETTING: Three outpatient clinical sites in the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Data from 208 U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes were included in the analyses (42% Latino, 29% White, 14% African American, 7% multiethnic, and 8% other).OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Assessments administered include the OBQ11, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression), and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire.RESULTS: Overall, results from IRT models and correlational tests supported the reliability and validity of the OBQ11. For instance, higher scores on the OBQ11 were significantly associated with better self-ratings of diabetes management behaviors (r = .28, p < .001), lower depression symptoms (r = -.53, p < .001), and greater positive affect (r = .32, p < .001). A single-factor generalized partial credit model fit the OBQ11 acceptably well, supporting its unidimensionality.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The OBQ11 may be a reliable and valid measure of OB appropriate for use in clinical populations such as adults with diabetes. What This Article Adds: OB is not often formally assessed by occupational therapists in the United States, even though the contributions of OB to health and well-being are core components of the philosophy of occupational therapy. The current evidence supports the validity of the OBQ11 in a clinical population of adults with Type 1 diabetes and demonstrates significant associations between OB and health management behaviors. Study results may encourage greater consideration and assessment of OB in occupational therapy clinical practice in the United States.
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16.
  • Holmefur, Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Interrater and intrarater reliability of the Assisting Hand Assessment
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 61:1, s. 79-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability for the Assisting Hand Assessment.METHOD: For interrater reliability, two designs were used: 2 occupational therapists rated the same 18 children, and 20 occupational therapists rated the same 8 children. For intrarater reliability, 20 raters each rated one child twice. Both English and Swedish versions of the instrument were used. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated.RESULTS: ICCs for the sum score for the interrater were 0.98 (two raters) and 0.97 (20 raters) and for the intrarater 0.99. SEM was 1.5 for interrater and 1.2 for the intrarater study, which gave an error interval of +/-3 raw scores for interrater and +/- 2.4 raw scores for intrarater.CONCLUSION: This study shows excellent interrater and intrarater reliability for sum scores.
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17.
  • Holmefur, Marie, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Pilot Study of Let's Get Organized : A Group Intervention for Improving Time Management
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 73:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: There is a need for evidence-based occupational therapy interventions to enhance time management in people with time management difficulties.OBJECTIVE: To pilot test the first part of the Let's Get Organized (LGO) occupational therapy intervention in a Swedish context by exploring enhancements of time management skills, aspects of executive functioning, and satisfaction with daily occupations in people with time management difficulties because of neurodevelopmental or mental disorders.DESIGN: One-group pretest-posttest design with 3-mo follow-up.SETTING: Outpatient psychiatric and habilitation settings.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five people with confirmed or suspected mental or neurodevelopmental disorder and self-reported difficulties with time management in daily life.INTERVENTION: Swedish version of Let's Get Organized (LGO-S) Part 1, with structured training in the use of cognitive assistive techniques and strategies using trial-and-error learning strategies in 10 weekly group sessions of 1.5 hr.OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Time management, organization and planning, and emotional regulation were measured with the Swedish version of the Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS-S). Executive functioning was measured with the Swedish version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity, and satisfaction with daily occupations was assessed with the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations measure.RESULTS: Participants displayed significantly improved time management, organization and planning skills, and emotional regulation, as well as satisfaction with daily occupations. Aspects of executive functioning were partly improved. ATMS-S results were sustained at 3-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: LGO-S Part 1 is a promising intervention for improving time management skills and satisfaction with daily occupations and should be investigated further.WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This study shows that LGO-S Part 1 is feasible for use in psychiatric and habilitation outpatient services. The results are promising for improved time management skills, organization and planning skills, and satisfaction with daily occupations and need to be confirmed in further studies.
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18.
  • Johansson, Ulla, et al. (författare)
  • The meaning of work after acquired brain injury
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 60:1, s. 60-69
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Research in the field of brain injury rehabilitation has tended to regard return to work as a measure of outcome. Researchers have not paid particular attention to the experiences of people living with a brain injury. The aim of the phenomenological study reported here was to identify and describe what characterizes the meaning of work to those with acquired brain injury. METHODS: Ten participants of working age were interviewed about the meaning of work 1-5 years after being inflicted with a brain injury. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method. RESULTS: The findings revealed a meaning structure consisting of four main characteristics. Work was no longer experienced as the primary event in life and the social dimension had become more important. The perceived competence and work identity were threatened after the injury. A common theme across all interviews was the struggle to return to a state of normality, and working was considered to be evidence of success. CONCLUSION: The findings described the altered meaning of work 1-5 years after brain injury. This knowledge should lead to an increased understanding among occupational therapists engaged in work rehabilitation after brain injury and can serve as a basis for individualized intervention strategies.
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19.
  • Jonsson, H, et al. (författare)
  • Evolving narratives in the course of retirement: a longitudinal study
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 54:5, s. 463-470
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents results from the second phase of a longitudinal study of retirement. Data were gathered through interviews with 29 participants (65 to 66 years of age) who had previously been interviewed when they were 63 to 64 years of age and still working. Data were analyzed by characterizing each subject’s narrative about retirement in terms of its narrative slope—progressive, stability, or regressive. These current narratives also were compared with the earlier narratives these participants told. It was found that, while anticipatory narratives may predispose persons toward action, they are not so much a fixed “script for action” as an orientation to act within circumstances. While participants’ narratives anticipating retirement often turned out as expected, they were sometimes reshaped as a consequence of personal action, external events, and unexpected experiences within new retirement occupations. The study suggests that, while narratives play a role in shaping the direction of persons lives, they also interweave with and change directions as a result of ongoing life events and experiences.
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20.
  • Jonsson, H, et al. (författare)
  • Narratives and experience in an occupational transition: a longitudinal study of the retirement process
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 55:4, s. 424-432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents the results from a longitudinal study of retirement. Data were collected through interviews with 12 Swedish participants over a 7-year period, beginning when they were still working and continuing through their early years of retirement. The findings show that the participants’ narrative anticipations of retirement interacted with the events of ongoing life. Sometimes these events influenced the outcomes of the retirement process unpredictably. Consequently, retirement was often full of surprises and temporary periods of turbulence. Although some participants managed a transition into a satisfying pattern of retirement, others found it an ongoing process of frustration and dissatisfaction. Evidence from this longitudinal study indicates that a special type of occupation—engaging occupation with six constituents—was an important determinant of retirement satisfaction. This key finding is discussed with regard to its implications for theory development as well as its practical implications related to the importance of differentiating occupations and attending to the interaction between internal motivation and external expectations in the occupational pattern.
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21.
  • Kaelin, Vera C., et al. (författare)
  • Caregiver perspectives on school participation among students with craniofacial microsomia
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 75:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Knowledge of unmet school participation needs for students with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) can inform decisions regarding intervention support.Objective: To compare students with and without CFM on school participation (i.e., frequency, involvement, desire for participation to change) and caregivers’ perceptions of environmental support for participation in occupations.Design: Cross-sectional design using secondary analyses of a subset of data.Setting: Multisite cohort study.Participants: Caregivers of students with CFM (n = 120) and of students without CFM (n = 315), stratified by history of educationand health-related service use.Outcomes and Measures: School participation and environmental support, obtained with the Participation and Environment Measure–Children and Youth.Results: Significant group differences were found in frequency of school participation (effect size [ES] = −0.38, 95% confidence interval [−0.64, −0.12], p = .005), level of involvement (ES = −0.14, p = .029), and desired change (p = .001), with students with CFM exhibiting greater participation restriction than students without CFM and no history of service use. No statistically significant group differences were found in environmental support for participation in the school setting. Item-level findings showed statistically significant higher desire for participation to change in three of five school occupations (odds ratio = 1.77–2.39, p = .003–.045) for students with CFM compared with students without CFM and no history of service use.Conclusions and Relevance: The results suggest that students with CFM experience restriction in participation at school.What This Article Adds: Students with CFM may benefit from targeted school-based interventions to optimize their inclusion.
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22.
  • Kaelin, Vera C., et al. (författare)
  • Participation-focused strategy use among caregivers of children receiving early intervention
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 75:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Evidence on common types of participation-focused caregiver strategies can help occupational therapy practitioners to take an evidence-based approach to designing participation-focused practice.Objective: To identify and explore types of caregiver strategies to support young children’s participation in valued occupations in the home and community.Design: Qualitative study using a subset of data collected online with the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC–PEM). Narrative responses about strategy use were content coded to the family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC) framework using a deductive analytic approach to identify relevant types of participation-focused strategies used in the home and community. Responses were further analyzed within each relevant fPRC construct using an inductive analytic approach to identify the scope of strategies used for each construct.Setting: Early intervention.Participants: Caregivers (N = 106) of young children receiving early intervention.Outcomes and Measures: Caregivers’ strategies to support their child’s home and community participation, provided by the YC–PEM.Results: Caregivers most commonly adapted the child’s environment or context to support their child’s home and community participation (45.06%). The least common focus of caregiver strategies was the child’s activity competencies (11.16%). Three or more types of caregiver strategies were identified for each participation-related construct.Conclusion and Relevance: Results indicated that caregivers used a range of strategies related to each of the participationrelated constructs to support their child’s participation in home and community occupations, most commonly targeting the environment. Occupational therapy practitioners can select from this range of strategies when planning participation-focused early intervention with families.What This Article Adds: This study yields new evidence on the scope of caregiver strategy use to support young children’s participation in home and community occupations. Occupational therapy practitioners can apply this evidence to anticipate common areas of caregiver strategy use in participation-focused practice with families in early intervention.
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23.
  • Kottorp, Anders, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • The Revised American Occupational Therapy Association Fieldwork Performance Evaluations : Evaluation of Internal Structure, Response Processes, and Precision—Part 2
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 77:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: There is an evidence-based need to assess the validity and reliability/precision of the revised American Occupational Therapy Association’s Fieldwork Performance Evaluation (FWPE) items for the occupational therapy student (OTS) and the occupational therapy assistant student (OTAS).Objective: To evaluate evidence of validity in relation to response processes, internal structure, and precision of the FWPEs.Design: Cross-sectional study design.Setting: OTS and OTAS fieldwork practice settings, United States.Participants: Two hundred sixty-seven fieldwork educators participated in total, providing 228 OTS evaluations and 39 OTAS evaluations.Outcomes and Measures: A Rasch model was used to evaluate aspects of validity and precision.Results: The rating scales provided evidence of the tools’ overall validity. Thirty-two of 37 items on the FWPE for the OTS, and 27 of 31 items on the FWPE for the OTAS demonstrated acceptable fit, but the evidence of unidimensionality in the subscales and in the total scales was not fully supported. The total/reduced FWPE scales were able to separate students into at least four distinct groups of fieldwork performance. The relationships between the current and revised FWPEs indicate that the new scales measure different but related constructs of student fieldwork performance, compared with the current version.Conclusions and Relevance: The findings support that the revised FWPEs for the OTS and OTAS demonstrate preliminary evidence of internal structure, response processes, and precision, supporting evidence-based practice in fieldwork evaluations.What This Article Adds: This article highlights evidence demonstrating the validity and precision of the revised American Occupational Therapy Association’s Fieldwork Performance Evaluation items and supports academic and fieldwork settings for occupational therapy students and occupational therapy assistant students.
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24.
  • Lidström-Holmqvist, Kajsa, Med.Dr, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Toward control over time : participants’ experiences of attending the group intervention Let’s Get Organized (LGO)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 74:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • LGO is a promising tool for improving time management and organizational skills. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences and meaning of attending the LGO intervention. Participants described a roller coaster process toward control in daily life where successes and setbacks were mixed. Most participants experienced meaningful and positive changes in daily life, such as getting more things done, increased control, and safety.
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25.
  •  
26.
  • Lidström-Holmqvist, Kajsa, Med.Dr, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Toward Control Over Time : Participant Experience of Attending the Let's Get Organized Group Intervention
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 75:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Time management is crucial for managing daily activities but is difficult for many people with neurodevelopmental or mental disorders. Few sustainable interventions have addressed time management in daily life.OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences and meaning of attending the Swedish version of the Let's Get Organized (LGO-S) group intervention.DESIGN: Qualitative design with interviews 1 to 4 mo after the completed intervention.SETTING: Outpatient psychiatric and adult habilitation clinics.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve adults with neurodevelopmental or mental disorders.INTERVENTION: LGO-S, a manual-based group intervention that focuses on time-management skills. Outcomes and Measures: Semistructured interviews analyzed with qualitative content analysis. All authors took an active part in the analysis process; consensus was reached.RESULTS: The overarching theme, "a roller-coaster process toward control over time in daily life," describes the participants' process during and after intervention. Four main categories describe the meaning of understanding why time management is difficult and how to use tools for improvement, a process of change that was facilitated by the learning environment. Participants described the process as a struggle to take control over time, but they noted that the positive changes in daily life made it worthwhile.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Participation had a positive impact on daily life. The opportunity for skills training with support over an extended period, a changed view on failure, and the group format appear to be important success factors. What This Article Adds: The LGO-S, with its structured training of time-management skills, contributes to occupational therapy practice with an intervention that clients experience as bringing meaningful and positive changes to daily life functioning.
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27.
  • Mallinson, T, et al. (författare)
  • Metaphor and meaning in a clinical interview
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 50:5, s. 338-346
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examined the narrative features of 20 life histories gathered from psychiatric patients with the Occupational Performance History Interview. The aim was to identify how narrative features were present in the patient interview responses and to illustrate how such narrative features can be located. We found that the patients organized their interview responses with deep metaphors that served to “emplot, ” or give meaning to, the life story. This article illustrates how patients used the deep metaphors to both circumscribe and frame possible solutions to the problems in their lives. Deep metaphors are consistent, recurring images of a life story that give coherence to, and aid in, the interpretation of the events of that life. Moreover, we explored how metaphors can be located in patient life histories and their implications for occupational therapy.
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28.
  • Margot-Cattin, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Development of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Out-of-Home Participation for People With Dementia
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 73:1, s. 7301205030p1-7301205030p10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. We describe the development of a questionnaire, Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home (ACT-OUT). for older adults with cognitive impairment and align it to people with mild- to moderate-stage dementia. METHOD. ACT-OUT was developed in a cross-cultural collaboration in combination with three rounds of cognitive interviews in Switzerland with 26 older adults without cognitive impairment and five older adults with dementia. Qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed using a constant comparison approach. RESULTS. The final ACT-OUT Version 1.0 consists of three parts: (1) questions targeting places older adults visit: (2) questions on aspects influencing participation , such as transportation. familiarity, and risk perception: and (3) questions on perception of self. CONCLUSION. The development of an instrument such as ACT-OUT is more a cyclical than a linear process. This study is a first step toward a more systematic evaluation of out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia.
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29.
  • Mirza, Mansha, et al. (författare)
  • Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an Occupational Therapy Intervention for Older Adults With Chronic Conditions in a Primary Care Clinic
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 74:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Occupational therapy can play a role in primary care management of chronic diseases among older adults. Objective: To assess the feasibility of delivering a primary care occupation-focused intervention (Integrated PRimary care and Occupational therapy for Aging and Chronic disease Treatment to preserve Independence and Functioning, or i-PROACTIF) for older adults with chronic disease. Design: Feasibility study comparing i-PROACTIF with complex care management using a two-group randomized controlled trial design with data gathered at baseline and during and after the 8-wk intervention. Setting: Family medicine clinic serving an urban, low-income, working-class community. Outcomes and Measures: Feasibility indicators were recruitment, retention, utility of clinical assessments, and acceptability of interventions assessed through feedback surveys completed by patients and primary care providers (PCPs). Patient outcomes, including perspectives on chronic illness care, occupational performance, and overall well-being, were collected using standardized, validated measures and analyzed descriptively. Participants: Eighteen adult volunteers, ages X50 yr, with heart disease, arthritis, and uncontrolled diabetes completed the study. Ten PCPs completed feedback surveys. Intervention: i-PROACTIF focuses on preserving functional independence, is based on the Person-Environment-Occupation framework, and consists of two assessment sessions and six weekly treatment sessions. Results: Recruitment goals were achieved, with an 86% retention rate. Clinical measures unearthed deficits in areas that were unreported or underreported by patients. Participants reported being extremely satisfied with the intervention. Physicians and nurses also supported the intervention. Both groups showed improved scores on most outcomes. Conclusion and Relevance: Delivering and evaluating i-PROACTIF was feasible and acceptable. Future efficacy trials are needed before it can be used in clinical settings. What This Article Adds: The results of this study can inform future occupational therapy interventions and clinical trials in primary care for older adults with chronic conditions.
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30.
  • Munkholm, Michaela, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Cross-regional validation of the school version of the assessment of motor and process skills
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: American journal of occupational therapy. - Bethesda, MD : The American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 64:5, s. 768-775
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE.: The objective was to determine whether the School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School AMPS) is valid when used to evaluate students in different world regions. METHOD.: Participants were 984 students, ages 3–13 yr, from North America, Australia and New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the Nordic countries, matched for age and diagnoses. We used FACETS many-faceted Rasch analyses to generate item difficulty calibrations by region and evaluate for significant differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF). RESULTS.: Four School AMPS items demonstrated DIF but resulted in no DTF. CONCLUSION.: This study provided support for occupational therapists using the School AMPS to evaluate students' quality of schoolwork task performances across regions because the School AMPS measures are free of bias associated with world region.
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31.
  • Månsson Lexell, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Constantly Changing Lives: Experiences of People With Multiple Sclerosis
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 63:6, s. 772-781
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to gain an enhanced understanding of how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience their engagement in occupations. We interviewed 10 people and then analyzed the data gathered using the constant comparative method of grounded theory, The findings encompassed the core category "essentials of a constantly changing life," showing that along a continuum of change, the participants experienced a decreasing engagement in occupations that forced them to continuously struggle to maintain engagement. This struggle changed them and required them to construct a different life than before. Our findings suggest that professionals working in MS rehabilitation need to broaden their repertoire of interventions relevant to conditions in clients' social environment, with the intention of influencing those occupations that are individually most meaningful. Occupational therapists should focus on the client's engagement in occupations and its consequences for the client's life and self-identity.
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32.
  • Nilsson, Lisbeth, et al. (författare)
  • Driving to Learn in a Powered Wheelchair: The Process of Learning Joystick Use in People With Profound Cognitive Disabilities
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 65:6, s. 652-660
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Driving to Learn project explored ways to help people with profound cognitive disabilities practice operating a joystick-operated powered wheelchair. The project used a grounded theory approach with constant comparative analysis and was carried out over 12 yr. The participants were 45 children and adults with profound cognitive disabilities. Reference groups included 17 typically developing infants and 64 participants with lesser degrees of cognitive disability. The data sources included video recordings, field notes, open interviews, and a rich mixture of literature. The findings that emerged yielded strategies for facilitating achievements, an 8-phase learning process, an assessment tool, and a grounded theory of deplateauing explaining the properties necessary for participants to exceed expected limitations and plateaus. Eight participants with profound cognitive disabilities reached goal-directed driving or higher. Participants were empowered by attaining increased control over tool use, improving their autonomy and quality of life.
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33.
  • Nygård, L, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing motor and process ability of persons with suspected dementia in home and clinic settings
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 48:8, s. 689-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Evaluating functional level of persons with diagnosed or suspected dementia is an important part of occupational therapy. The importance of the environment is often highlighted. We investigated the ability of clients with suspected dementia to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in the clinic versus in their homes.METHOD: We used the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure the motor and process skill ability of 19 clients with suspected dementia.RESULTS: Using two-tailed paired t-tests, we found no overall difference in IADL motor or process performance between the clinic and home setting. However, of the 19 clients, 6 had motor ability measures, whereas 5 had process ability measures that differed significantly between the two settings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that if we want to know how a person with suspected dementia performs in IADLs in a specific environment we should test him or her in that environment.
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34.
  • Orban, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of an Occupation-Focused Family Intervention on Change in Parents' Time Use and Children's Body Mass Index.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Bethesda : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 68:6, s. 217-226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. This study explored factors related to changes in the time parents spent with their children with obesity and associated decreases in children's body mass index (BMI) z-scores after an occupation-focused intervention. METHOD. Parents participated in a 1-yr occupation-focused intervention to promote healthy family lifestyles. Data on 40 parents of 22 children with obesity ages 4-6 yr were collected before and after intervention and analyzed using linear and multiple regression methods. RESULTS. Parents increased time spent with their children by an average of 91 min/day. Parents' finances, perceived satisfaction in daily occupations, low BMI, and mastery at inclusion were associated with increased time spent with their children. Mothers' subjective health and high mastery and fathers' perceived occupational value and education explained 67% of the variance in children's BMI z-scores. CONCLUSION. The results indicate important factors to consider in developing interventions that facilitate occupational engagement and health among children with obesity and their families.
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35.
  • Patomella, AH, et al. (författare)
  • P-Drive: Implementing an Assessment of On-Road Driving in Clinical Settings and Investigating Its Internal and Predictive Validity
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 1943-7676. ; 69:4, s. 6904290010-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated (1) the psychometric properties of data gathered with the Performance Analysis of Driving Ability (P-Drive), an on-road assessment; (2) P-Drive’s predictive validity in relation to a summed decision of passing or failing a medical driving evaluation; and (3) the success of implementing P-Drive. Drivers (N = 99) with neurological impairment referred for a driving evaluation were observed on road and scored using P-Drive. Results showed evidence of person response validity and internal validity. P-Drive separated the drivers into four different strata (reliability coefficient = .92). A cutoff raw score of 81 was optimal, with sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92%. Although only 9 occupational therapists (of 19 initially trained) contributed data for analysis, 17 reported using the assessment. Data gathered with P-Drive yielded evidence of excellent psychometric properties. Moreover, P-Drive was implemented successfully in clinical settings, although initial training to full implementation took longer than 1 yr.
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36.
  • Pettersson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Autonomy and Housing Accessibility Among Powered Mobility Device Users
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 69:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To describe environmental barriers, accessibility problems, and powered mobility device (PMD) users' autonomy indoors and outdoors; to determine the home environmental barriers that generated the most housing accessibility problems indoors, at entrances, and in the close exterior surroundings; and to examine personal factors and environmental components and their association with indoor and outdoor autonomy.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was based on data collected from a sample of 48 PMD users with a spinal cord injury (SCI) using the Impact of Participation and Autonomy and the Housing Enabler instruments. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used.RESULTS: More years living with SCI predicted less restriction in autonomy indoors, whereas more functional limitations and accessibility problems related to entrance doors predicted more restriction in autonomy outdoors.CONCLUSION: To enable optimized PMD use, practitioners must pay attention to the relationship between client autonomy and housing accessibility problems.
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37.
  • Preissner, Katharine, et al. (författare)
  • The Revised American Occupational Therapy Association Fieldwork Performance Evaluations : Evaluation of Content Validity-Part 1
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 74:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Occupational therapy education and practice has changed over time; however, items on the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA's) Fieldwork Performance Evaluations (FWPEs) for the Occupational Therapy Student (OTS) and Occupational Therapy Assistant Student (OTAS) have not been updated in more than two decades.OBJECTIVE: To explore evidence of validity in relation to test content of the revised FWPEs for the OTS and OTAS.DESIGN: A qualitative study using cognitive interviews was conducted to gather perspectives on the revised FWPEs, including updated items and a proposed rating scale. A content analysis approach was used to link patterns in responses to stable, meaningful constructs to further align and refine content of the tool before further validation.SETTING: Fieldwork sites and academic settings.PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen fieldwork educators (FWEs) and academic fieldwork coordinators.RESULTS: Seven areas for refinement were identified: (1) relevance to a variety of practice settings, (2) overlapping and redundant items, (3) long item statements, (4) double- and triple-barreled item statements, (5) alignment between OTS and OTAS items, (6) further alignment with AOTA and Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education documents and contemporary practice, and (7) wording and features of the proposed rating scale. The findings guided revisions of FWPE content.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cognitive interviewing was a critical step in refining the FWPE items to support content validity. The issues identified may not have been detected using traditional approaches to survey development and therefore were critical in maximizing the validity and usefulness of the final items, which will ultimately benefit fieldwork educators and students.WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This study resulted in refinements to FWPE items before the next step in the validation process, ultimately improving the final FWPE items. In addition, this article outlines a process that other researchers can use to validate similar tools.
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38.
  • Robinson-Bert, Krystal, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational Balance and Quality of Life of OT Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 75:Supplement 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study demonstrates how the quality of life and occupational balance of graduate OT students were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlights students’ perception of how the experience will affect their future practice. The understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student wellness allows program faculty to best support OT students and prepares educators for future disasters and crises.
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39.
  • Roshanai, Afsaneh, et al. (författare)
  • Psychometric Properties of the Original Version of the Assessment of Time Management Skills
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 75:Suppl. 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Time management is a key OT intervention component. Valid and reliable instruments are essential for evaluating rehabilitation and OT interventions. The results of this study show that the Assessment of Time Management Skills has good measurement properties and consistent and replicable items and is useful in English-speaking countries. It can provide valid measures of time management skills, organization and planning skills, and regulation of emotion in a general population and presumably also a population with cognitive impairment.
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40.
  • Skold, A, et al. (författare)
  • Performing bimanual activities: the experiences of young persons with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 58:4, s. 416-425
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This qualitative research study was designed to explore and describe the process of planning and performing bimanual activities in young persons with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Interviews with 10 persons individually and four persons in a focus group provided rich information about their reasoning when confronting problems as well as insight into how they view their situations. The data were analyzed using a comparative method. The findings show that the participants had to make conscious choices about what would be the most effective strategies to use for carrying out activities. The choices involved weighing different options to find the least negative alternative. Even when able to find alternative strategies for performing the activity, the participants were often dissatisfied with negative consequences related to the strategy. Examples of such negative consequences could be, for example, that they would have to accept a need for extra time, planning, or concentration, to perform desired activities. When selecting a strategy it was thus favorable to have a repertoire of strategies from which to choose. In conclusion, the planning and performing of bimanual activities turned out to be a complex process influenced by a range of factors both internal and external to the person.
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41.
  • Söndergaard, Mette, et al. (författare)
  • Sensitivity of the evaluation of social interaction measures among people with and without neurologic or psychiatric disorders
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 66:3, s. 356-362
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. To determine whether the Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI) is sensitive enough to differentiate between people without identified diagnoses and those with neurologic or psychiatric disorders in terms of their observed quality of social interaction. METHOD. Participants were age 16-69 and were without identified diagnoses (n = 304) or had neurologic (n = 77) or psychiatric (n = 104) disorders. They were evaluated using the ESI. RESULTS. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the group without identified diagnoses had significantly better quality of social interaction than did either group with disabilities (Us = 3,172 and 3,189, respectively; p <= .001). CONCLUSION. The ESI is sensitive with regard to detecting differences in quality of social interaction among groups expected to differ, suggesting that it is valid for use when the desired purpose is to identify people with diminished quality of social interaction.
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42.
  • Tham, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • The discovery of disability: A phenomenological study of unilateral neglect
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 54:4, s. 398-406
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Clients with right brain damage and unilateral neglect often lack awareness of their disabilities. This study examined how 4 participants with neglect experienced, discovered, and handled their disabilities in the context of their everyday life. Method. The 4 participants were interviewed five to seven times during their rehabilitation process. The data were collected and analyzed using the EPP (empirical, phenomenological, psychological) method. Findings. Findings revealed seven features that described a discovery process for the 4 participants. During this process, each participant began to discover and understand the consequences of her unilateral neglect in the performance of everyday tasks. This increased understanding was a prerequisite to being able to use compensatory strategies. Conclusion. By experiencing meaniongful occupational situations, the participants gradually discovered and began to compensate for their disabilities in everyday life.
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43.
  • Wallenbert, I, et al. (författare)
  • Waiting to get better: a dilemma regarding habits in daily occupations after stroke
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 59:2, s. 218-224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to explore and gain an understanding of how habits are experienced when performing daily occupations after a stroke. In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 participants and a constant comparative method was used for data analysis. Four men and three women with stroke between the ages of 42 and 82 years participated in the study. The interviews were conducted 1.5 to 7 months after the participants had been discharged from hospital to their home. The findings show that the participants experienced frustration when performing daily occupations because changes in their performance meant that former habits could not automatically be reestablished; daily occupations had to be re-organized and planned with greater deliberation than had been required prior to the stroke. In reestablishing their daily occupations, the participants experienced an ongoing conflict about whether or not to develop new habits. Although adaptation and change would be beneficial in the short-term, both also represented giving up possible improvements, and participants seemed to consider that their eventual recovery and independence would be compromised if they allowed themselves to alter their habits. This dilemma led to a sensation of waiting: waiting to get better, waiting for another solution and waiting for the treatment to make an impact. As a result, few new habits were established in daily occupations. The findings suggest that occupational therapists need to be aware of the dilemma clients may perceive regarding decisions about whether or not to adapt and develop new habits during poststroke recovery.
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44.
  • Walsh, Ryan, et al. (författare)
  • Activity Engagement and Everyday Technology Use Among Older Adults in an Urban Area
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 72:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE. We investigated associations among activity engagement (AE), number of available and relevant everyday technologies, ability to use everyday technologies, and cognitive status among older adults in an urban area. METHOD. This cross-sectional study included 110 participants and used three assessments: the Frenchay Activities Index to measure AE, the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire to measure the number of and ability to use available and relevant everyday technologies, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to measure cognitive status. Data analyses used a one-way analysis of variance and a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS. The number of available and relevant everyday technologies was significantly different (p < .001) among groups that varied in level of AE. Ability to use everyday technologies did not significantly differ among groups. Cognitive status did not explain level of AE when the number of available and relevant everyday technologies was considered. CONCLUSION. Increasing the accessibility of available and relevant everyday technologies among older adults in an urban area may increase AE.
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45.
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46.
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47.
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48.
  • Ydreborg, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Hand function, experienced pain, and disability after distal radius fracture.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 69:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: We sought to explore differences in range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and self-reported pain and disability over time after plate-fixation surgery for distal radius fracture.less thanbr /greater thanMethod: We used a prospective repeated-measures research design with four measure points for a study sample of 101 patients. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire; the Global Assessment Scale; and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were used to assess ROM, grip strength, and pain level.less thanbr /greater thanResults: ROM and grip strength improved over time. Pain improved until 6 mo after surgery but greatly deteriorated from 6 to 24 mo. Concurrently, overall discomfort (global index) from the wrist extensively improved from 12 to 24 mo. DASH score decreased 20.1 points from 6 wk to 6 mo and remained stable until 24 mo.less thanbr /greater thanConclusion: Even when ROM and grip strength were almost fully regained at 12 mo, pain at rest and during activity was still an issue at 24 mo.less thanbr /greater than (Copyright © 2015 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.)
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49.
  • Arnadóttir, Gudrún, et al. (författare)
  • Rasch analysis of the ADL scale of the A-ONE.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 62:1, s. 51-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
50.
  • Bejerholm, Ulrika, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational engagement in persons with schizophrenia: relationships to self-related variables, psychopathology, and quality of life.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 61:1, s. 21-32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous research suggests that having schizophrenia involves not being fully equipped to engage in daily occupations. This study was aimed at exploring relationships between occupational engagement and the issues of self-related variables, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. Seventy-four outpatients with schizophrenia entered the study. Instruments used in this study were Profile of Occupational Engagement in People with Schizophrenia, Locus of Control, Mastery, Sense of Coherence, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. The results showed that a high level of occupational engagement was related to higher ratings of self-related variables, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and better ratings of quality of life, and vice versa. A significant difference and a linear trend were found among the three subgroups of different levels of occupational engagement and the estimated variables. In the regression model, negative symptoms and internal locus of control together explained 47% of the variance in occupational engagement. The results add a new dimension to understanding mental health and suggest the importance of assessing the level of occupational engagement.
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