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1.
  • Ellery, William, et al. (författare)
  • Diversion of water flow from a floodplain wetland stream : an analysis of geomorphological setting and hydrological and ecological consequences
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 68:1, s. 51-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Diversion of water has been ongoing in the Mkuze Wetland for several decades. Two canals form the focus of this study; the Mpempe–Demazane Canal and the Tshanetshe Canal. The former involved an ambitious excavation over a distance of 13.5 km in the lower part of the wetland, while the latter was a minor excavation over a distance of approximately 100 m in the upper part of the wetland. Although ambitious and costly, the Mpempe–Demazane Canal resulted in little downward or headward erosion, and there was minor diversion of flow. However, the minor excavation of the Tshanetshe Canal resulted in erosion downstream of the xcavation (the Tshanetshe Stream), downward and lateral erosion of the excavated section, and headward erosion that has propagated almost 4 km upstream along the Mkuze River. Most of the flow of the Mkuze River has been captured by the Tshanetshe Canal and Stream. The impact of canalisation on floodplain wetlands is thus more dependent on the location than the scale of activity. The avulsion of the Mkuze River into the Tshanetshe Canal and Stream is due to a large difference in elevation between the Mkuze River and floodplain into which it was diverted, and the fact that in this region the river typically has high discharges. This avulsion may have been inevitable as a result of natural processes of sedimentation. In contrast, the difference in elevation between the Mkuze River and the basin into which it was diverted via the Mpempe Canal was small as is discharge of the Mkuze River in this part of the wetland. Thus, the diversion was unsuccessful. The presence of hippos that create hydraulically efficient pathways that are oriented parallel to the regional hydraulic slope, may accelerate avulsion in large African wetlands. Overall, it is argued that the environmental consequences of excavation need to be viewed against the background that wetlands are dynamic features within the landscape.
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2.
  • Kylefors, Katarina (författare)
  • Evaluation of leachate composition by multivariate data analysis (MVDA)
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 68:4, s. 367-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Landfills generate emissions in the form of gas and leachate. The emissions are often measured within monitoring programmes. It is likely that the requirements of such monitoring programmes can be extended in the future, particularly in light of the increased interest in specific organic substances. Multivariate data analyses (MVDA) have been used to evaluate the possibility of predicting the content of specific organic substances from more common analyses. The results indicate that this is possible for a specific leachate. MVDA can also be used to reduce the number of analyses performed within existing monitoring programmes while retaining information about all the variables formerly included in the programmes.
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3.
  • Agustin, Melissa B., et al. (författare)
  • Lignin nanoparticle-decorated nanocellulose cryogels as adsorbents for pharmaceutical pollutants
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 330
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adsorption is a relatively simple wastewater treatment method that has the potential to mitigate the impacts of pharmaceutical pollution. This requires the development of reusable adsorbents that can simultaneously remove pharmaceuticals of varying chemical structure and properties. Here, the adsorption potential of nanostructured wood-based adsorbents towards different pharmaceuticals in a multi-component system was investigated. The adsorbents in the form of macroporous cryogels were prepared by anchoring lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) to the nanocellulose network via electrostatic attraction. The naturally anionic LNPs were anchored to cationic cellulose nanofibrils (cCNF) and the cationic LNPs (cLNPs) were combined with anionic TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TCNF), producing two sets of nanocellulose-based cryogels that also differed in their overall surface charge density. The cryogels, prepared by freeze-drying, showed layered cellulosic sheets randomly decorated with spherical lignin on the surface. They exhibited varying selectivity and efficiency in removing pharmaceuticals with differing aromaticity, polarity and ionic characters. Their adsorption potential was also affected by the type (unmodified or cationic), amount and morphology of the lignin nanomaterials, as well as the pH of the pharmaceutical solution. Overall, the findings revealed that LNPs or cLNPs can act as functionalizing and crosslinking agents to nanocellulose-based cryogels. Despite the decrease in the overall positive surface charge, the addition of LNPs to the cCNF-based cryogels showed enhanced adsorption, not only towards the anionic aromatic pharmaceutical diclofenac but also towards the aromatic cationic metoprolol (MPL) and tramadol (TRA) and neutral aromatic carbamazepine. The addition of cLNPs to TCNF-based cryogels improved the adsorption of MPL and TRA despite the decrease in the net negative surface charge. The improved adsorption was attributed to modes of removal other than electrostatic attraction, and they could be 7C-7C aromatic ring or hydrophobic interactions brought by the addition of LNPs or cLNPs. However, significant improvement was only found if the ratio of LNPs or cLNPs to nanocellulose was 0.6:1 or higher and with spherical lignin nanomaterials. As crosslinking agents, the LNPs or cLNPs affected the rheological behavior of the gels, and increased the firmness and decreased the water holding capacity of the corresponding cryogels. The resistance of the cryogels towards disintegration with exposure to water also improved with crosslinking, which eventually enabled the cryogels, especially the TCNF-based one, to be regenerated and reused for five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiment for the model pharmaceutical MPL. Thus, this study opened new opportunities to utilize LNPs in providing nanocellulose-based adsorbents with additional functional groups, which were otherwise often achieved by rigorous chemical modifications, at the same time, crosslinking the nanocellulose network.
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4.
  • Ahmed, Mukhtar (författare)
  • Recycling of sugar crop disposal to boost the adaptation of canola (Brassica napus L.) to abiotic stress through different climate zones
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 281
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We need to produce higher foods even under declining natural resources to feed the projected population of 9 billion by 2050 and to sustain food security and nutrition. Abiotic stress has adversely affected canola crop and oil quality especially in sandy soils. To combat this stress, adaptation at the farm level using new and cost-effective amendments are required. Field trials were conducted in two different climatic zones to determine the efficacy of cane molasses, bagasse ash, sugar beet factory lime, and their compost mixtures to improve soil quality and heat stress-adapting canola. The results showed a significant improvement in bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, and available macronutrients of sandy soil and subsequent canola growth, yield, quality and water productivity due to the application of the tested soil amendments, particularly those mixed with compost. Despite the estimated reduction of yield by 18.5% due to heat stress, application of sugar beet lime and compost mixture not only compensated for this reduction but also increased the seed yield by 27.0%. These findings highlight the value of recycling compost-based sugar crop disposal as a cost-effective technology to boost crop tolerance to abiotic stress, ensuring sustainable agriculture and food security in arid environments.
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5.
  • Ahtiainen, Heini, et al. (författare)
  • Baltic Sea nutrient reductions : What should we aim for?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 145, s. 9-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nutrient load reductions are needed to improve the state of the Baltic Sea, but it is still under debate how they should be implemented. In this paper, we use data from an environmental valuation study conducted in all nine Baltic Sea states to investigate public preferences of relevance to three of the involved decision-dimensions: First, the roles of nitrogen versus phosphorus reductions causing different eutrophication effects; second, the role of time – the lag between actions to reduce nutrient loads and perceived improvements; and third; the spatial dimension and the roles of actions targeting the coastal and open sea environment and different sub-basins. Our findings indicate that respondents view and value the Baltic Sea environment as a whole, and are not focussed only on their local sea area, or a particular aspect of water quality. We argue that public preferences concerning these three perspectives should be one of the factors guiding marine policy. This requires considering the entire range of eutrophication effects, in coastal and open sea areas, and including long-term and short-term measures.
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6.
  • Alavaisha, Edmond, et al. (författare)
  • Different agricultural practices affect soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in Kilombero -Tanzania
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 234, s. 159-166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Converting natural and semi-natural vegetation to agriculture is currently the most significant land use change at global scale. This conversion leads to changes in soil nutrients and increased CO2 emissions. However, knowledge of how soil organic carbon and nutrients change under various farming management is still limited, especially for small scale farming systems. This study evaluated the effects of different farming systems on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in subsistence farming at Kilombero, Tanzania. We applied an in-situ experimental setup, comparing maize and rice farming with and without irrigation and difference in fertilizers, with replicated soil sampling at five soil depths to a depth of 60 cm. The results show that irrigation had a positive effect on profile-averaged concentrations of SOC and TN, while fertilization had a positive effect on TN. Higher concentrations and stocks of TN were found in maize field soils compered to rice fields. In the vertical profile, irrigation and fertilization had positive effects on concentrations of SOC and TN of top soil layers, and the interaction between irrigation and fertilization extended the effect to deeper soil layers. Our results indicate that moderate irrigation and fertilization can help to improve carbon storage and nutrient availability (TN) in small-scale farming soils in Africa.
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7.
  • Ali, Arshad, et al. (författare)
  • Big-sized trees and species-functional diversity pathways mediate divergent impacts of environmental factors on individual biomass variability in Sri Lankan tropical forests
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 315, s. 115177-115177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Models (PLS-SEMs), and other complementary analyses, on data from 189 tropical forest plots in Sri Lanka, to test the linkages amongst climate, soil, plot conditions, big-sized trees, species-functional diversity, and abiotic and biotic effects on individual biomass variability (BioVar). This study suggests that individual tree biomass variability (i.e., BioVar) should be considered for managing natural tropical forests in the context of the plant-plant interactions for species coexistence.
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8.
  • Ananno, Anan Ashrabi, et al. (författare)
  • Survey and analysis of consumers behaviour for electronic waste management in Bangladesh
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 282
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper aims to establish consumers perception of electric waste recycling and management on a national scale in Bangladesh. The attitude, willingness to pay (WTP) and consumers behaviour were explored by conducting a questionnaire-based survey. The conclusions are based on 915 valid responses out of 2000 online survey invitations. Interestingly, 37.9% of the respondents indicated that they would accept to pay for electronic waste recycling. Analysis also shows that the preferred WTP would cover 5-10% of the recycling cost. Factors like environmental awareness, monthly income, and education level affect the consumers WTP. Nevertheless, most of the participants believe that the Government should share the recycling cost. The study suggests that e-waste recycling can be stimulated by promoting environmental awareness, educating the public about the benefits of recycling e-waste, and making e-waste recycling more convenient. However, additional measures will likely be needed to tackle the e-waste problem. Thus, support for environmental education is imperative in order to promote environmental awareness and increase the WTP of consumers. The study outlines key characteristics of consumer-focused e-waste management archetypes and proposes an effective road map for Bangladesh.
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9.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare)
  • A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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10.
  • André, Alann, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable repurpose of end-of-life fiber reinforced polymer composites : A new circular pedestrian bridge concept
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 367
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In response to global challenges in resource supply, many industries are adopting the principles of the Circular Economy (CE) to improve their resource acquisition strategies. This paper introduces an innovative approach to address the environmental impact of waste Glass Fiber Reinforced-Polymer (GFRP) pipes and panels by repurposing them to manufacture structural components for new bicycle and pedestrian bridges. The study covers the entire process, including conceptualization, analysis, design, and testing of a deck system, with a focus on the manufacturing process for a 7-m-long prototype bridge. The study shows promising results in the concept of a sandwich structure utilizing discarded GFRP pipes and panels, which has the flexibility to account for variabilities in dimensions of incoming products while still meeting mechanical requirements. The LCA analysis shows that the transportation of materials is the governing contributing factor. It was concluded that further development of this concept should be accompanied by a business model that considers the importance of the contributions from the whole value chain. 
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11.
  • Andren, Henrik (författare)
  • Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 1. Primary objectives of national parks usually include both, the protection of natural processes and species conservation. When these objectives conflict, as occurs because of the cascading effects of large mammals (i.e., ungulates and large carnivores) on lower trophic levels, park managers have to decide upon the appropriate management while considering various local circumstances.2. To analyse if ungulate management strategies are in accordance with the objectives defined for protected areas, we assessed the current status of ungulate management across European national parks using the naturalness concept and identified the variables that influence the management.3. We collected data on ungulate management from 209 European national parks in 29 countries by means of a large-scale questionnaire survey. Ungulate management in the parks was compared by creating two naturalness scores. The first score reflects ungulate and large carnivore species compositions, and the second evaluates human intervention on ungulate populations. We then tested whether the two naturalness score categories are influenced by the management objectives, park size, years since establishment, percentage of government-owned land, and human impact on the environment (human influence index) using two generalized additive mixed models.4. In 67.9% of the national parks, wildlife is regulated by culling (40.2%) or hunting (10.5%) or both (17.2%). Artificial feeding occurred in 81.3% of the national parks and only 28.5% of the national parks had a non-intervention zone covering at least 75% of the area. Furthermore, ungulate management differed greatly among the different countries, likely because of differences in hunting traditions and cultural and political backgrounds. Ungulate management was also influenced by park size, human impact on the landscape, and national park objectives, but after removing these variables from the full model the reduced models only showed a small change in the deviance explained. in areas with higher anthropogenic pressure, wildlife diversity tended to be lower and a higher number of domesticated species tended to be present. Human intervention (culling and artificial feeding) was lower in smaller national parks and when park objectives followed those set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).5. Our study shows that many European national parks do not fulfil the aims of protected area management as set by IUCN guidelines. In contrast to the USA and Canada, Europe currently has no common ungulate management policy within national parks. This lack of a common policy together with differences in species composition, hunting traditions, and cultural or political context has led to differences in ungulate management among European countries. To fulfil the aims and objectives of national parks and to develop ungulate management strategies further, we highlight the importance of creating a more integrated European ungulate management policy to meet the aims of national parks.
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12.
  • Angeler, David (författare)
  • Adaptive management for soil ecosystem services
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 183, s. 371-378
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ecosystem services provided by soil include regulation of the atmosphere and climate, primary (including agricultural) production, waste processing, decomposition, nutrient conservation, water purification, erosion control, medical resources, pest control, and disease mitigation. The simultaneous production of these multiple services arises from complex interactions among diverse aboveground and belowground communities across multiple scales. When a system is mismanaged, non-linear and persistent losses in ecosystem services can arise. Adaptive management is an approach to management designed to reduce uncertainty as management proceeds. By developing alternative hypotheses, testing these hypotheses and adjusting management in response to outcomes, managers can probe dynamic mechanistic relationships among aboveground and belowground soil system components. In doing so, soil ecosystem services can be preserved and critical ecological thresholds avoided. Here, we present an adaptive management framework designed to reduce uncertainty surrounding the soil system, even when soil ecosystem services production is not the explicit management objective, so that managers can reach their management goals without undermining soil multifunctionality or contributing to an irreversible loss of soil ecosystem services. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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13.
  • Angeler, David (författare)
  • Coerced resilience in fire management
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 368-373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mechanisms underlying the loss of ecological resilience and a shift to an alternate regime with lower ecosystem service provisioning continues to be a leading debate in ecology, particularly in cases where evidence points to human actions and decision-making as the primary drivers of resilience loss and regime change. In this paper, we introduce the concept of coerced resilience as a way to explore the interplay among social power, ecological resilience, and fire management, and to better understand the unintended and undesired regime changes that often surprise ecosystem managers and governing officials. Philosophically, coercion is the opposite of freedom, and uses influence or force to gain compliance among local actors. The coercive force imposed by societal laws and policies can either enhance or reduce the potential to manage for essential structures and functions of ecological systems and, therefore, can greatly alter resilience. Using a classical fire-dependent regime shift from North America (tallgrass prairie to juniper woodland), and given that coercion is widespread in fire management today, we quantify relative differences in resilience that emerge in a policy-coerced fire system compared to a theoretical, policy-free fire system. Social coercion caused large departures in the fire conditions associated with alternative grassland and juniper woodland states, and the potential for a grassland state to emerge to dominance became increasingly untenable with fire as juniper cover increased. In contrast, both a treeless, grassland regime and a co-dominated grass-tree regime emerged across a wide range of fire conditions in the absence of policy controls. The severe coercive forcing present in fire management in the Great Plains, and corresponding erosion of grassland resilience, points to the need for transformative environmental governance and the rethinking of social power structures in modern fire policies.
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14.
  • Angeler, David, et al. (författare)
  • Panarchy suggests why management mitigates rather than restores ecosystems from anthropogenic impact
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Panarchy, a model of dynamic systems change at multiple, interconnected spatiotemporal scales, allows assessing whether management influences ecological processes and resilience. We assessed whether liming, a management action to counteract anthropogenic acidification, influenced scale-specific temporal fluctuation frequencies of benthic invertebrates and phytoplankton assemblages in lakes. We also tested whether these fluctuations correlated with proxies of liming (Ca:Mg ratios) to quantify scale-specific management effects. Using an ecosystem experiment and monitoring data, time series analyses (1998-2019) revealed significant multiscale temporal (and thus panarchy) structure for littoral invertebrates across limed and reference lakes. Such patterns were inconsistent for sublittoral invertebrates and phytoplankton. When significant panarchy structure was found, Ca:Mg ratios correlated with only a few of the identified temporal fluctuation frequencies across limed and reference lakes. This suggests that liming effects become diluted in the managed lakes. The lack of mani-festations of liming across the independent temporal fluctuation patterns suggest that this lake management form fails to create and enforce cross-scale interactions, a crucial component of ecological resilience. This interpre-tation supports liming as a mitigation effort rather than a tool to restore acidified lakes to a self-organizing system equivalent of circumneutral references.
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15.
  • Angelstam, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Green infrastructure development at European Union's eastern border: Effects of road infrastructure and forest habitat loss
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 193, s. 300-311
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The functionality of forest patches and networks as green infrastructure may be affected negatively both by expanding road networks and forestry intensification. We assessed the effects of (1) the current and planned road infrastructure, and (2) forest loss and gain, on the remaining large forest landscape massifs as green infrastructure at the EU's eastern border region in post -socialistic transition. First, habitat patch and network functionality in 1996-98 was assessed using habitat suitability index modelling. Second, we made expert interviews about road development with planners in 10 administrative regions in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. Third, forest loss and gain inside the forest massifs, and gain outside them during the period 2001-14 were measured. This EU cross -border region hosts four remaining forest massifs as regional green infrastructure hotspots. While Poland's road network is developing fast in terms of new freeways, city bypasses and upgrades of road quality, in Belarus and Ukraine the focus is on maintenance of existing roads, and no new corridors. We conclude that economic support from the EU, and thus rapid development of roads in Poland, is likely to reduce the permeability for wildlife of the urban and agricultural matrix around existing forest massifs. However, the four identified forest massifs themselves, forming the forest landscape green infrastructure at the EU's east border, were little affected by road development plans. In contrast, forest loss inside massifs was high, especially in Ukraine. Only in Poland forest loss was balanced by gain. Forest gain outside forest massifs was low. To conclude, pro-ctive and collaborative spatial planning across different sectors and countries is needed to secure functional forest green infrastructure as base for biodiversity conservation and human well-being. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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16.
  • Angelstam, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Research questions to facilitate the future development of European long-term ecosystem research infrastructures: A horizon scanning exercise
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 250
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Distributed environmental research infrastructures are important to support assessments of the effects of global change on landscapes, ecosystems and society. These infrastructures need to provide continuity to address long-term change, yet be flexible enough to respond to rapid societal and technological developments that modify research priorities. We used a horizon scanning exercise to identify and prioritize emerging research questions for the future development of ecosystem and socio-ecological research infrastructures in Europe. Twenty research questions covered topics related to (i) ecosystem structures and processes, (ii) the impacts of anthropogenic drivers on ecosystems, (iii) ecosystem services and socio-ecological systems and (iv), methods and research infrastructures. Several key priorities for the development of research infrastructures emerged. Addressing complex environmental issues requires the adoption of a whole-system approach, achieved through integration of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic measurements. Interoperability among different research infrastructures needs to be improved by developing standard measurements, harmonizing methods, and establishing capacities and tools for data integration, processing, storage and analysis. Future research infrastructures should support a range of methodological approaches including observation, experiments and modelling. They should also have flexibility to respond to new requirements, for example by adjusting the spatio-temporal design of measurements. When new methods are introduced, compatibility with important long-term data series must be ensured. Finally, indicators, tools, and transdisciplinary approaches to identify, quantify and value ecosystem services across spatial scales and domains need to be advanced.
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17.
  • Angelstam, Per (författare)
  • Trading wood for water and carbon in peatland forests? Rewetting is worth more than wood production
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 341
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While traditional forest management systems aim at maximizing timber production, sustainable forest management focuses on the multiple benefits of entire forest landscapes. The latter is now at the top of policy agendas. This calls for learning through evaluation to support the implementation of policies aiming towards multi-functional forest landscapes. The aim of this study is to quantify the economic trade-offs among natural, current, and re-wetted peatland forests using seven indicators, viz. drainage maintenance, rewetting, water retention, wood production, and three types of carbon sequestration as economic indicators. We discuss ways to adapt to and mitigate effect of forest draining on climate change toward securing multi-functional forest landscapes. The cost benefit analysis showed that in a potential natural state, Lithuania's peatland forests would deliver an economic benefit of -euro176.1 million annually. In contrast, compared to natural peatland forests, the drainage of peatland forests for wood production has caused a loss of -euro309 million annually. In comparison, peatland forest rewetting is estimated to increase the economic value by -euro170 million annually. This study shows that satisfying different ecosystem services is a balancing act, and that a focus on wood production has resulted in net losses when foregone values of water storage and carbon sequestration are considered. Valuation of different sets of ecosystems service benefits and disservices must be assessed, and can be used as a tool towards creating, implementing and monitoring consequences of policies on both sustainability and biodiversity.
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18.
  • Atasoy, Merve, PhD, 1990-, et al. (författare)
  • Bioaugmentation as a strategy for tailor-made volatile fatty acid production
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aimed to develop a novel strategy for tailor-made volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition. For this purpose, the mixed microbial culture was bioaugmented by Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were operated with cheese wastewater under alkali pH. While the maximum propionic acid production almost four times increased (3779 +/- 201 mgCODeq propionic acid/L in the bioaugmented reactor and 942 +/- 172 mgCODeq propionic acid/L in the control reactor), there was no significant difference in VFA composition. The gene copy number of P.acidipropionici increased 20 times after the bioaugmentation. Furthermore, the gene copy number of P.acidipropionici was positively correlated with total VFA and isovaleric acid concentration. The relative abundance of family Flavobacteriaceae increased in the bioaugmented reactor, which might be caused by the syntrophic relation between Flavobacteriaceae and P. acidipropionici. The cycle analysis results showed that the shorter cycle (6h) could ensure the same efficiency.
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19.
  • Atasoy, Merve, PhD, 1990-, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of pH on the production of volatile fatty acids and microbial dynamics in long-term reactor operation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 319, s. 115700-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Volatile fatty acids, intermediate products of anaerobic digestion, are one of the most promising biobased products. In this study, the effects of acidic (pH 5), neutral (without pH adjustment) and alkali (pH 10) pH on production efficiency and composition of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and bacterial community profile were analyzed. The anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were fed cheese production wastewater as substrate and inoculated by anaerobic granular seed sludge. The results showed that acidic pH improved VFA production yield (0.92 at pH 5; 0.42 at pH 10 and 0.21 gCOD/gVS at neutral pH). Furthermore, propionic acid was dominant under both pH 10 (64 +/- 20%) and neutral pH (72 +/- 8%), whereas, acetic acid (23 +/- 20%4), propionic acid (22 +/- 3%), butyric acid (21 +/- 4%) and valeric acid (15 +/- 8%) were almost equally distributed under pH 5. Adaptation of bacterial community to different pH conditions might steer the acid profile: Bacteroidetes (50.07 +/- 2%) under pH 10, Proteobacteria (40.74 +/- 7%) under neutral pH and Firmicutes (47.64 +/- 9%) under pH 5 were the most dominant phylum, respectively. Results indicated pH plays a significant role in VFA production, acid composition, and bacterial community structure. However, in order to gain a concrete understanding effects of pH, characterization of intracellular and extracellular metabolites with dynamics of the microbial community is required.
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20.
  • Azzi, Elias Sebastian, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the diverse environmental effects of biochar systems : An evaluation framework
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 286
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biochar has been recognised as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology. Unlike other CDR technologies, biochar is expected to deliver various valuable effects in e.g. agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial processes, remediation activities and waste management. The diversity of biochar side effects to CDR makes the systematic environmental assessment of biochar projects challenging, and to date, there is no common framework for evaluating them. Our aim is to bridge the methodology gap for evaluating biochar systems from a life-cycle perspective. Using life cycle theory, actual biochar projects, and reviews of biochar research, we propose a general description of biochar systems, an overview of biochar effects, and an evaluation framework for biochar effects. The evaluation framework was applied to a case study, the Stockholm Biochar Project. In the framework, biochar effects are classified according to life cycle stage and life cycle effect type; and the biochar?s end-of-life and the reference situations are made explicit. Three types of effects are easily included in life cycle theory: changes in biosphere exchanges, technosphere inputs, and technosphere outputs. For other effects, analysing the cause-effect chain may be helpful. Several biochar effects in agroecosystems can be modelled as future productivity increases against a reference situation. In practice, the complexity of agroecosystems can be bypassed by using empirical models. Existing biochar life cycle studies are often limited to carbon footprint calculations and quantify a limited amount of biochar effects, mainly carbon sequestration, energy displacements and fertiliser-related emissions. The methodological development in this study can be of benefit to the biochar and CDR research communities, as well as decision-makers in biochar practice and policy.
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21.
  • Bagheri, Marzieh, et al. (författare)
  • Fifty years of sewage sludge management research: Mapping researchers' motivations and concerns
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 325
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sewage sludge management is torn between a desire for pollution prevention and reuse of a valuable resource. Reconciling these interests in sustainable management is a challenge for researchers. This study focuses on how research on sewage sludge management practices has evolved and scrutinizes how this research is interlinked with concerns and societal issues such as contaminants, economic efficiency, and legislation. Based on published academic papers on sewage sludge management between 1971 and 2019, this study found four trends in research focused on sewage sludge management: a decreasing interest in disposal (landfilling and sea dumping), a dominant interest in land application, a growing interest in sewage sludge as product, and a stable interest in energy recovery. Research on disposal focuses on increasing sludge volumes, legislative changes, and economic challenges with an interest in waste co-treatment. Research on land application concerns nutrient use and contaminants, mainly heavy metals. Research on sewage sludge as a product focuses on the extraction of certain resources and less on use of sewage sludge specifically. Research on energy recovery of sewage sludge focuses on volume reduction rather than contaminants. Two-thirds of the papers are detailed studies aiming to improve single technologies and assessing single risks or benefits. As management of sewage sludge is multifaceted, the narrow focus resulting from detailed studies promotes some concerns while excluding others. Therefore, this study highlights potential gaps such as the combination of nutrient use and disposal and energy recovery and nutrient use. 
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22.
  • Bahrami, Ataallah, et al. (författare)
  • Isolation and removal of cyanide from tailing dams in gold processing plant using natural bitumen
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 262
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gilsonite as a natural occurrence of bitumen and due to the presence of carbon in its structure is a suitable adsorbent for a wide variety of pollutants. In this research, the adsorption of cyanide from the wastewater of gold processing plants using gilsonite were investigated. In this way, the effect of particle size of gilsonite, the weight and mixing time with solution, on the amount of cyanide adsorption have been studied. In addition, in one experiment, the effect of processed gilsonite on its adsorption ability was investigated. Based on the obtained results, the maximum adsorption of 61.64% was obtained in the size range of −1+0.5 and −2+1 mm of gilsonite. With increasing adsorbent weight and mixing time, the cyanide adsorption rate were increased. On the other hand, with the processing of the gilsonite sample, the amounts of adsorption were increased considerably. This study indicated that gilsonite can be used as an isolation and absorbent in the structure and floor of the tailing dumps of mineral processing plants.
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23.
  • Baresel, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • The influence of metal source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of mine water pollution abatement in catchments
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 78:2, s. 138-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In mine water pollution abatement, it is commonly assumed that known mine waste sites are the major pollution sources, thus neglecting the possibility of significant contribution from other old and diffuse sources within a catchment. We investigate the influence of different types of pollution source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of abatement measures for mine water pollution. A catchment-scale cost-minimization model is developed and applied to the catchment of the river Dalalven, Sweden, in order to exemplify important effects of such source uncertainty. Results indicate that, if the pollution distribution between point and diffuse sources is partly unknown, downstream abatement measures, such as constructed wetlands, at given compliance boundaries are often cost-effective. If downstream abatement measures are not practically feasible, the pollution source distribution between point and diffuse mine water sources is critical for cost-effective solutions to abatement measure allocation in catchments. In contrast, cost-effective solutions are relatively insensitive to uncertainty in total pollutant discharge from mine water sources.
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24.
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25.
  • Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Competing pathways to sustainability? : Exploring conflicts over mine establishments in the Swedish mountain region
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 218, s. 402-415
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Natural resource (NR) exploitation often gives rise to conflict. While most actors intend to manage collectively used places and their NRs sustainably, they may disagree about what this entails. This article accordingly explores the origin of NR conflicts by analysing them in terms of competing pathways to sustainability. By comparing conflicts over mine establishments in three places in northern Sweden, we specifically explore the role of place-based perceptions and experiences.The results indicate that the investigated conflicts go far beyond the question of metals and mines. The differences between pathways supporting mine establishment and those opposing it refer to fundamental ideas about human nature relationships and sustainable development (SD). The study suggests that place-related parameters affect local interpretations of SD and mobilisation in ways that explain why resistance and conflict exist in some places but not others. A broader understanding of a particular conflict and its specific place-based trajectory may help uncover complex underlying reasons. However, our comparative analysis also demonstrates that mining conflicts in different places share certain characteristics. Consequently, a site-specific focus ought to be combined with attempts to compare, or map, conflicts at a larger scale to improve our understanding of when and how conflicts evolve. By addressing the underlying causes and origins of contestation, this study generates knowledge needed to address NR management conflicts effectively and legitimately. 
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26.
  • Berg, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Stakeholders assessment of status and trends of ecosystem services in the Mekong Delta for improved management of multifunctional wetlands
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 338
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Increased agriculture and aquaculture production in the Mekong Delta during the last two decades has improved farmers' income, national export earnings and reduced poverty, but has also impacted on the environment and ecosystem services (ES) of importance to peoples' livelihoods and well-being. Through group discussions, interviews and questionnaires, this study assesses stakeholders’ perceptions of the status and trends of ES in the Mekong Delta and how these have been influenced by agriculture development. 15 of 24 ES were assessed to be impacted negatively by agriculture intensification, and especially supporting and regulating ES (SRES). Only a few provisioning ES (PrES), related to farming, were assessed to be in a good and stable supply, because of human interventions to create favorable conditions for these ES. Among the ten highest ranked ES, eight belonged to PrES and two belonged to SRES. There was a positive correlation between rank and awareness of ES. The supply of most SRES was perceived to be in a low and declining status and assessed to be in a high need for improved management. Some ES, such as pest-control had been complemented with human-made substitutes, such as pesticides, which however sometimes weakened rather than strengthened the ES. Cultural ES (CES) were often ranked lower and of less management concern than the other groups of ES. It is concluded that future agriculture strategies need a more balanced management of ES for a long-term production of healthy food and increased resilience of the Mekong Delta to cope with future challenges, such as climate change and upstream dams.
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27.
  • Berglund, Kerstin (författare)
  • Helping stakeholders select and apply appraisal tools to mitigate soil threats: Researchers' experiences from across Europe
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 257
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soil improvement measures need to be ecologically credible, socially acceptable and economically affordable if they are to enter widespread use. However, in real world decision contexts not all measures can sufficiently meet these criteria. As such, developing, selecting and using appropriate tools to support more systematic appraisal of soil improvement measures in different decision-making contexts represents an important challenge. Tools differ in their aims, ranging from those focused on appraising issues of cost-effectiveness, wider ecosystem services impacts and adoption barriers/opportunities, to those seeking to foster participatory engagement and social learning. Despite the growing complexity of the decision-support tool landscape, comprehensive guidance for selecting tools that are best suited to appraise soil improvement measures, as well as those well-adapted to enable participatory deployment, has generally been lacking. We address this gap using the experience and survey data from an EU-funded project (RECARE: Preventing and REmediating degradation of soils in Europe through land CARE). RECARE applied different socio-cultural, biophysical and monetary appraisal tools to assess the costs, benefits and adoption of soil improvement measures across Europe. We focused on these appraisal tools and evaluated their performance against three broad attributes that gauge their differences and suitability for widespread deployment to aid stakeholder decision malting in soil management. Data were collected using an online questionnaire administered to RECARE researchers. Although some tools worked better than others across case studies, the information collated was used to provide guiding strategies for choosing appropriate tools, considering resources and data availability, characterisation of uncertainty, and the purpose for which a specific soil improvement measure is being developed or promoted. This paper provides insights to others working in practical soil improvement contexts as to why getting the tools right matters. It demonstrates how use of the right tools can add value to decision-making in ameliorating soil threats, supporting the sustainable management of the services that our soil ecosystems provide.
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28.
  • Bergmark, Paulina, et al. (författare)
  • Trait-environment interactions of saproxylic beetles as a guide to biodiversity conservation strategies
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 360
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Conservation of biodiversity requires in-depth knowledge of trait-environment interactions to understand the influence the environment has on species assemblages. Saproxylic beetles exhibit a wide range of traits and functions in the forest ecosystems. Understanding their responses to surrounding environment thus improves our capacity to identify habitats that should be restored or protected. We investigated potential interactions between ecological traits in saproxylic beetles (feeding guilds and habitat preferences) and environmental variables (deadwood, type and age of surrounding forest). We sampled beetles from 78 plots containing newly created high stumps of Scots pine and Silver birch in boreal forest landscapes in Sweden for three consecutive years. Using a model based approach, our aim was to explore potential interactions between ecological traits and the surrounding environment at close and distant scale (20 m and 500 m radius). We found that broadleaf-preferring beetle species are positively associated with the local broadleaf-originated deadwood and broadleaf-rich forests in the surrounding landscapes. Conifer-preferring species are positively associated with the local amount of coniferous deadwood and young and old forests in the surrounding landscape. Fungivorous and predatory beetles are positively associated with old forests in the surrounding landscapes. Our results indicate that both local amounts of deadwood and types of forests in the landscape are important in shaping saproxylic beetle communities. We particularly highlight the need to increase deadwood amounts of various qualities in the landscape, exempt older forests from production and to increase broadleaf-rich habitats in order to meet different beetle species' habitat requirements. Trait responses among saproxylic beetles provide insights into the significance of broadleaf forest and dead wood as essential attributes in boreal forest restoration, which helps conservation planning and management in forest landscapes.
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29.
  • Berndtsson, Ronny, et al. (författare)
  • Drivers of changing urban flood risk : A framework for action
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 47-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
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30.
  • Bertilsson, Stefan (författare)
  • Integrating experiments with modeling to understand key bacterial taxa dynamics after episodic mixing of a stratified water column
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hydraulic mixing of stratified reservoirs homogenizes physicochemical gradients and microbial communities. This has potential repercussions for microbial metabolism and water quality, not least in dams and hydraulically controlled waters. A better understanding of how key taxa respond to mixing of such stratified water bodies is needed to understand and predict the impact of hydraulic operations on microbial communities and nutrient dynamics in reservoirs. We studied taxa transitions between cyanobacteria and sulfur-transforming bacteria following mixing of stratified water columns in bioreactors and complemented the experimental approach with a biogeochemical model. Model predictions were consistent with experimental observations, suggesting that stable stratification of DO is restored within 24 h after episodic and complete mixing, at least in the absence of other more continuous disturbances. Subsequently, the concentration of S2- gradually return to pre-mixing states, with higher concentration at the surface and lower in the bottom waters, while the opposite pattern was seen for SO42-. The total abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria and phototrophic sulfur bacteria increased markedly after 24h of mixing. The model further predicted that the rapid re-oxygenation of the entire water column by aeration will effectively suppress the water stratification and the growth of sulfur-transforming bacteria. Based on these results, we suggest that a reduction of thermocline depth by optimal flow regulation in reservoirs may also depress sulfur transforming bacteria and thereby constrain sulfur transformation processes and pollutant accumulation. The simulation of microbial nutrient transformation processes in vertically stratified waters can provide new insights about effective environmental management measures for reservoirs.
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31.
  • Beryani, Ali, et al. (författare)
  • Survey of the Operational Status of Twenty-six Urban Stormwater Biofilter Facilities in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study evaluates the operational status of twenty-six biofilter facilities across nine cities in Sweden, with respect to their functional design criteria, engineered design features (filter media composition, hydraulic conductivity, and drawdown time), and includes a visual inspection of the biofilter components (pre-treatment, in/outlet structures, filter media, and vegetation). These indicators were used to examine the performance level of each biofilter in achieving their design objectives set by the operators. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the biofilter facilities had been properly maintained to meet the objectives. Results indicate that the soil media used was consistent with respect to percentage sand, fines, and organic matter and comparable to design recommendations used by municipalities in other countries. The field-tested hydraulic conductivity for the biofilters ranged from 30 to 962 mm/h. This range of values, along with noticeable sediment accumulation within the biofilter indicate that not all the sites were operating optimally. Pre-treatment stages in poor condition with high volumes of sediment and litter accumulation were the primary causes for, and indicators of, low hydraulic conductivity rates. The ponding volume calculations revealed that at least 40 % of facilities did not have enough capacity to retain every-day and/or design rainfall due to design and/or construction flaws. These analyses raise concerns that, for a considerable number of the biofilters surveyed, water retention and flood protection identified by operators as prioritised objectives are not being met. This raises significant concerns about the functionality of biofilter in practice. Finally, some suggestions are given for tackling the design and maintenance problems discovered.
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32.
  • Bhardwaj, Manisha, et al. (författare)
  • Ungulate use of non-wildlife underpasses
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wildlife crossing structures can provide safe passage for wildlife across transportation corridors, and can help mitigate the effects of highways and exclusion fencing on wildlife. Due to their costs, wildlife crossing structures are usually installed sparsely and at strategic locations along transportation networks. Alternatively, non-wildlife underpasses (i.e. conventional underpasses for human and domestic animal use) are usually abundant along major infrastructure corridors and could potentially provide safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. To investigate this, we monitored the use of 40 non-wildlife underpasses by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and moose (Alces alces) in south-central Sweden. We found that roe deer and moose use non-wildlife underpasses, and prefer underpasses that are at least 11.5 m wide and 5 m tall. Furthermore, roe deer used structures that had little human co-use and were in locations where the forest cover differed on both sides of the highway. In most cases, roe deer and moose were detected within 50 m of the underpass more than they were detected crossing under them. This suggests that animals often approach underpasses without crossing under them, however modifications to underpass design may improve non-wildlife underpass use. We recommend non-wildlife underpasses at gravel and minor roads, particularly those with little human co-use and with variable forest cover on both sides of the highway, be built wider than 11.5 m and taller than 5 m.
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33.
  • Bhardwaj, Manisha, et al. (författare)
  • Ungulates and trains - Factors influencing flight responses and detectability
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 313
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wildlife-train collisions can have deleterious effects on local wildlife populations and come with high socioeconomic costs, such as damages, delays, and psychological distress. In this study, we explored two major components of wildlife-train collisions: the response of wildlife to oncoming trains and the detection of wildlife by drivers. Using dashboard cameras, we explored the flight response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and moose (Alces alces) to oncoming trains and explored which factors, such as lighting and physical obstructions, affect their detection by drivers. In a majority of cases, roe deer and moose fled from an oncoming train, at an average flight initiation distance (FID) of 78 m and 79 m respectively. Warning horns had unexpected influences on flight behaviour. While roe deer initiated flight, on average, 44 m further away from the train when warned, they usually fled towards the tracks, in the direction of danger. FID of moose, however, was unaffected by the use of a warning horn. As train speed increased, moose had a lower FID, but roe deer FID did not change. Finally, detection of wildlife was obstructed by the presence of vegetation and uneven terrain in the rail-side verge, which could increase the risk of collisions. Our results indicate the need for early detection and warning of wildlife to reduce the risk of collisions. We propose that detection systems should include thermal cameras to allow detection behind vegetation and in the dark, and warning systems should use cues early to warn of oncoming trains and allow wildlife to escape the railway corridor safely.
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34.
  • Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Adsorption of Organic Stormwater Pollutants onto Activated Carbon from Sewage Sludge
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 197, s. 490-497
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adsorption filters have the potential to retain suspended pollutants physically, as well as attracting andchemically attaching dissolved compounds onto the adsorbent. This study investigated the adsorption ofeight hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) frequently detected in stormwater e including fourpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), two phthalates and two alkylphenols e onto activated carbonproduced from domestic sewage sludge. Adsorption was studied using batch tests. Kinetic studiesindicated that bulk adsorption of HOCs occurred within 10 min. Sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC)was as efficient as tested commercial carbons for adsorbing HOCs; adsorption capacities ranged from 70to 2800 mg/g (Cinitial ¼ 10e300 mg/L; 15 mg SBAC in 150 mL solution; 24 h contact time) for each HOC. Inthe batch tests, the adsorption capacity was generally negatively correlated to the compounds' hydrophobicity(log Kow) and positively associated with decreasing molecule size, suggesting that molecularsieving limited adsorption. However, in repeated adsorption tests, where competition between HOCs wasmore likely to occur, adsorbed pollutant loads exhibited strong positive correlation with log Kow. Sewagesludge as a carbon source for activated carbon has great potential as a sustainable alternative for sludgewaste management practices and production of a high-capacity adsorption material.
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35.
  • Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of low-cost materials for sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants in stormwater
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 159, s. 106-114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Conventional stormwater treatment techniques such as sedimentation and filtration are inefficient for removing the dissolved and colloidal phases of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) present in stormwater. Adsorption could be a promising technique for removing colloidal and dissolved pollutants. Five low-cost sorbent materials were investigated in this project, including two minerals - vermiculite and perlite - and three waste products - two pine barks and a sawdust - as potential adsorbents for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols and phthalates; HOCs commonly found in stormwater. Adsorption capacity and kinetics were studied through batch adsorption tests using synthetic stormwater spiked with a mixture of HOCs. Vermiculite and perlite exhibited insignificant removal of the organic contaminants. The three wood-based materials retained >80% of the initial HOC concentration (10-300μg/L). The two barks exhibited slightly higher adsorption capacities of HOCs than the sawdust. For all compounds tested, maximum adsorption onto the wood-based media was reached in
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36.
  • Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Hydrodynamic modelling of the influence of stormwater and combined sewer overflows on receiving water quality: Benzo(a)pyrene and copper risks to recreational water
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 207, s. 32-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The risk from chemical substances in surface waters is often increased during wet weather, due to surface runoff, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and erosion of contaminated land. There are strong incentives to improve the quality of surface waters affected by human activities, not only from ecotoxicity and ecosystem health perspectives, but also for drinking water and recreational purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of urban stormwater discharges and CSOs on receiving water in the context of chemical health risks and recreational water quality. Transport of copper (Cu) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the Göta River (Sweden) was simulated using a hydrodynamic model. Within the 16 km modelled section, 35 CSO and 16 urban stormwater point discharges, as well as the effluent from a major wastewater treatment plant, were included. Pollutant concentrations in the river were simulated for two rain events and investigated at 13 suggested bathing sites. The simulations indicate that water quality guideline values for Cu are exceeded at several sites, and that stormwater discharges generally give rise to higher Cu and BaP concentrations than CSOs. Due to the location of point discharges and the river current inhibiting lateral mixing, the north shore of the river is better suited for bathing. Peak concentrations have a short duration; increased concentrations of the pollutants may however be present for several days after a rain event. Monitoring of river water quality indicates that simulated Cu and BaP concentrations are in the same order of magnitude as measured concentrations. It is concluded that hydrodynamic modelling is a useful tool for identifying suitable bathing sites in urban surface waters and areas of concern where mitigation measures should be implemented to improve water quality.
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37.
  • Blicharska, Malgorzata, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Operationalisation of ecological compensation : Obstacles and ways forward
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 304
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ecological compensation (EC) has been proposed as an important tool for stopping the loss of biodiversity and natural values. However, there are few studies on its actual operationalisation and there is high uncertainty about how it should be designed and implemented to be an effective way of performing nature conservation. In this study we focus on ecological compensation in Sweden, a country where it is in the process of being implemented more broadly. Using interviews and a workshop we investigate how the work with the implementation is carried out and what challenges exist. The results show that implementation of EC is at an early stage of development and there are many practical obstacles, linked to both legislation and routines in the planning processes. There is a lack of holistic perspective and large-scale thinking, a quite strong focus on a small number of individual species, and an overall attitude that anything is better than nothing, all of which can have negative consequences for biodiversity conservation overall. Based on the results we discuss the need for better integration of EC into the entire decision-making process and for a holistic approach to preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, by increasing the focus on landscape perspective and considering delays in compensation outcomes. There is also a need for a national level standard for EC, making good and worse examples of compensation measures available and systematic monitoring of EC projects. Finally, a spatially explicit database to document all EC areas should be introduced both to ensure consistency in protection from future development plans and to enable long-term monitoring of EC outcomes.
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38.
  • Bravo, Giangiacomo, et al. (författare)
  • Are two resources really better than one? : Some unexpected results of the availability of substitutes
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 92:11, s. 2865-2874
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The possibility of exploiting multiple resources is usually regarded as positive from both the economic and the environmental point of view. However, resource switching may also lead to unsustainable growth and, ultimately, to an equilibrium condition which is worse than the one that could have been achieved with a single resource. We developed a dynamic model where users exploit multiple resources and have different levels of preference among them. In this setting, exploiting multiple resources leads to worse outcomes in both economic and ecological terms than the single resource case under a wide range of parameter configurations. Our arguments are illustrated using two empirical situations, namely oil drilling in the North Sea and whale hunting in the Antarctic.
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39.
  • Broberg, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • On the value of large predators in Sweden : a regional stratified contingent valuation analysis
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 88:4, s. 1066-1077
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper contributes with an applied policy analysis of the predator preservation policy in Sweden. We estimate the overall mean willingness to pay (WTP) for preserving the four large predators in the Swedish fauna by applying the contingent valuation method. Using survey data from 2004 we find that 50 percent of the Swedish population is willing to contribute financially toward implementation of the predator policy package, and that the estimated overall mean WTP is approximately SEK 290. Further, we test for spatial differences in attitudes and WTP and find that respondents in Stockholm have the highest overall mean WTP, while respondents living in wolf-territories have the lowest. Our mean WTP measure is flawed with upward bias, since we cannot estimate the willingness to accept for those with clearly negative preferences regarding the predator policy package (e.g. hunters). In this paper, we set their WTP equal to zero. Thus, we cannot rule out the possibility that the mean willingness to pay is, in fact, negative, i.e. the social-value of implementing the predator policy is negative. Finally, the estimates of the overall WTP are sensitive to response-uncertainty. When the respondents indicate uncertainty about their valuation, they tend to state higher values.
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40.
  • Bryhn, Andreas Christoffer, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-attribute analysis of trophic state and waterfowl management in Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 90:8, s. 2568-2577
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A multi-attribute analysis by means of the general multi-attribute analysis (GMAA) decision support system was performed in order to rank different strategies for good water quality with respect to trophic state, and good conditions for waterfowl, in the lagoon Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark. The remedial strategies included nutrient abatement and the construction of facilities to increase the water exchange between the lagoon and the sea. The analysis showed that it is essential to keep the mean annual salinity level constant, since a drastic change in salinity may cause massive destruction of the macrophyte belt with large effects on the water quality and waterfowl abundance. It may be cost-effective to build and maintain a saltwater pumping station or a second sluice to increase the seawater inflow. Further nutrient abatement may not be cost-effective, at least not on time-scales shorter than 20 years, but the utility from nutrient abatement increases if a second sluice is built additionally. However, all of the remedial strategies, except decreasing the salinity, were projected to cause rather small changes in the effect variables compared to the no action alternative.
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41.
  • Brännvall, Evelina, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of residue combinations on plant uptake of nutrients and potentially toxic elements
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 132, s. 287-295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the plant pot experiment was to evaluate potential environmental impacts of combined industrial residues to be used as soil fertilisers by analysing i) element availability in fly ash and biosolids mixed with soil both individual and in combination, ii) changes in element phytoavailability in soil fertilised with these materials and iii) impact of the fertilisers on plant growth and element uptake.Plant pot experiments were carried out, using soil to which fresh residue mixtures had been added. The results showed that element availability did not correlate with plant growth in the fertilised soil with. The largest concentrations of K (3534mg/l), Mg (184mg/l), P (1.8mg/l), S (760mg/l), Cu (0.39mg/l) and Zn (0.58mg/l) in soil pore water were found in the soil mixture with biosolids and MSWI fly ashes; however plants did not grow at all in mixtures containing the latter, most likely due to the high concentration of chlorides (82g/kg in the leachate) in this ash. It is known that high salinity of soil can reduce germination by e.g. limiting water absorption by the seeds. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in grown plants were negligible in most of the soils and were below the instrument detection limit values.The proportions of biofuel fly ash and biosolids can be adjusted in order to balance the amount and availability of macronutrients, while the possible increase of potentially toxic elements in biomass is negligible seeing as the plant uptake of such elements was low. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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42.
  • Brännvall, Evelina, et al. (författare)
  • Elements availability in soil fertilized with pelletized fly ash and biosolids
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 159, s. 27-36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of combined and pelletized industrial residues on availability and mobility of nutrients and potentially toxic elements in soil, plant growth and element uptake. Plant pot experiments were carried out using soil to which 2% of pelletized residue containing biosolids mixed with either municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA) or biofuel fly ash (BFA) was added. The tests showed that the plant growth did not correspond to the content of available nutrients in fertilised soil. MFA application to soil resulted in elevated concentrations of P (506 mg/kg), As (2.7 mg/kg), Cd (0.8 mg/kg) and Pb (12.1 mg/kg) in soil, lower plant uptake of Al (25 mg/kg) and Ba (51 mg/kg), but higher accumulation of As (4.3 mg/kg) and Cd (0.3 mg/kg) in plants compared to the unamended soil and soil amended with BFA. On average, the biomass of the plants grown in the soil containing MFA was larger than in other soils.Considering the use of industrial residue mixtures as soil amendments or fertilizers, the amount of added elements should not exceed those taken up by plants, by this preventing the increase of soil background concentrations.
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43.
  • Bundschuh, Mirco (författare)
  • Nitrogen retention in stream biofilms - A potential contribution to the self-cleaning capacity
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Surface waters are under increasing pressure due to human activities, such as nutrient emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Using the retention of nitrogen (N) released from WWTPs as a proxy, we assessed the contribution of biofilms grown on inorganic and organic substrates to the self-cleaning capacity of second-order streams within the biosphere reserve Vosges du Nord/Palatinate forest (France/Germany). The uptake of N from anthropogenic sources, which is enriched with the heavy isotope N-15, into biofilms was assessed up- and downstream of WWTPs after five weeks of substrate deployment. Biofilms at downstream sites showed a significant positive linear relationship between delta N-15 and the relative contribution of wastewater to the streams' discharge. Furthermore, delta N-15 substantially increased in areas affected by WWTP effluent (similar to 8.5 parts per thousand and similar to 7 parts per thousand for inorganic and organic substrate-associated biofilms, respectively) and afterwards declined with increasing distance to the WWTP effluent, approaching levels of upstream sections. The present study highlights that biofilms contribute to nutrient retention and likely the self-cleaning capacity of streams. This function seems, however, to be limited by the fact that biofilms are restricted in their capacity to process excessive N loads with large differences between individual reaches (e.g., delta N-15: -3.25 to 12.81 parts per thousand), influenced by surrounding conditions (e.g., land use) and modulated through climatic factors and thus impacted by climate change. Consequently, the impact of WWTPs located close to the source of a stream are dampened by the biofilms' capacity to retain N only to a minor share and suggest substantial N loads being transported downstream.
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44.
  • Busse Nielsen, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Liked, disliked and unseen forest attributes: Relation to modes of viewing and cognitive constructs
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 113, s. 456-466
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is broad agreement that in determination of preferences the spatial configurations and content-based properties of the landscape interact with each other and with cognitive constructive. This interaction and how it is influenced by changes in landscape appearance was explored here in a site-specific context where 32 respondents took their own photos of liked and disliked attributes while walking a pre-defined trail of 2 km through a recreational forest landscape with extensive variation in landscape appearance and management regimes. Each respondent provided five photos of features that contributed positively to their landscape experiences and five that contributed negatively and recorded the location and reason in a photo-log, resulting in a total of 320 photos and photo-log pairs. Photos of content-based attributes were more frequent than photos of the landscape's spatial organisation. Photos in the spatial configuration domain were dominated by liked attributes, while the content-based domain was dominated by disliked attributes. Subtle details and ephemera events constituted a large share of the captured content-based attributes, indicating that they are equally important for on-site experience of landscape character and attractiveness as larger landscape elements and their spatial organisation. Closer examination showed marked differences in the relative distribution of spatial and content-based properties between forested and open landscape units. In forested units content-based attributes dominated, while in the open unit photos motivated by the spatial configurations in the implied space dominated. We concluded therefore that changes in depth of the perceptible space alter the relative importance of spatial and content-based properties for people's visual landscape perception, and thus the type of attributes that pass through the individual's perceptual and cognitive filters and become decisive in determining preferences.
  •  
45.
  • Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater treatment : Critical review of challenges and opportunities for developing countries
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 248
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this paper is to provide guidance in selecting phosphorus recovery options within the municipal wastewater treatment sector regarding developing countries. This critical review includes a brief contextualization of the resource-oriented sanitation paradigm, the discussion of processes for phosphorus recovery based on methods at full-scale, pilot-scale and laboratory-scale, and a concise discussion of the environmental impacts and benefits associated with phosphorus recovery strategies. Finally, the main challenges related to the implementation of resource recovery strategies, especially for phosphorous, were identified and discussed. According to the results, some of the main drivers for phosphorus recovery are the limited availability of phosphorus, increasing cost of phosphate fertilizers and reduction of maintenance costs. Currently, most of the operational processes are based on crystallization or precipitation from the digester supernatant. Struvite is the most common recovered product. The recovery rate of phosphorus from the liquid phase is lower (10–60% from wastewater treatment plant influent), than from sludge (35–70%) and from sludge ashes (70–98%). Phosphorus recovery remains challenging, and some barriers identified were the integration between stakeholders and institutions, public policies and regulations as well as public acceptance and economic feasibility. In developing countries, the implementation of nutrient recovery systems is challenging, because the main concern is on the expansion of sanitation coverage. Resource recovery approaches can provide benefits beyond the wastewater treatment sector, not only improving the sustainability of wastewater treatment operations, but generating revenue for the utility provider.
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46.
  • Carlsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Co-management : concepts and methodological implications
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 75:1, s. 65-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Co-management, or the joint management of the commons, is often formulated in terms of some arrangement of power sharing between the State and a community of resource users. In reality, there often are multiple local interests and multiple government agencies at play, and co-management can hardly be understood as the interaction of a unitary State and a homogeneous community. An approach focusing on the legal aspects of co-management, and emphasizing the formal structure of arrangements (how governance is configured) runs the risk of neglecting the functional side of co-management. An alternative approach is to start from the assumption that co-management is a continuous problem-solving process, rather than a fixed state, involving extensive deliberation, negotiation and joint learning within problem-solving networks. This presumption implies that co-management research should preferably focus on how different management tasks are organized and distributed concentrating on the function, rather than the structure, of the system. Such an approach has the effect of highlighting that power sharing is the result, and not the starting point, of the process. This kind of research approach might employ the steps of (1) defining the social-ecological system under focus; (2) mapping the essential management tasks and problems to be solved; (3) clarifying the participants in the problem-solving processes; (4) analyzing linkages in the system, in particular across levels of organization and across geographical space; (5) evaluating capacity-building needs for enhancing the skills and capabilities of people and institutions at various levels; and (6) prescribing ways to improve policy making and problem-solving.
  •  
47.
  • Carolus, Johannes Friedrich, et al. (författare)
  • Nutrient mitigation under the impact of climate and land-use changes : A hydro-economic approach to participatory catchment management
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 271
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Excessive nutrient loadings into rivers are a well-known ecological problem. Implemented mitigation measures should ideally be cost-effective, but perfectly ranking alternative nutrient mitigation measures according to cost-effectiveness is a difficult methodological challenge. Furthermore, a particularly practical challenge is that cost-effective measures are not necessarily favoured by local stakeholders, and this may impede their successful implementation in practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures using a methodology that includes a participatory process and social learning to ensure their successful implementation. By combining cost data, hydrological modelling and a bottom-up approach for three different European catchment areas (the Latvian Berze, the Swedish Helge and the German Selke rivers), the cost-effectiveness of 16 nutrient mitigation measures were analysed under current conditions as well as under selected scenarios for future climate and land-use changes. Fertiliser reduction, wetlands, contour ploughing and municipal wastewater treatment plants are the measures that remove nutrients with the highest cost-effectiveness in the respective case study context. However, the results suggest that the cost-effectiveness of measures not only depends on their design, specific location and the conditions of the surrounding area, but is also affected by the future changes the area may be exposed to. Climate and land-use changes do not only affect the cost-effectiveness of measures, but also shape the overall nutrient loads and potential target levels in a catchment.
  •  
48.
  • Carraro, Giacomo, et al. (författare)
  • Solid-liquid separation of digestate from biogas plants: A systematic review of the techniques’ performance
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 356
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digestate processing is a strategy to improve the management of digestate from biogas plants. Solid-liquid separation is usually the primary step and can be followed by advanced treatments of the fractions. The knowledge about the performance of the separators and the quality of the fractions is scattered because of many available techniques and large variability in digestate characteristics. We performed a systematic review and found 175 observations of full-scale solid-liquid separation of digestate. We identified 4 separator groups, 4 digestate classes based on substrate, and distinguished whether chemical conditioners were used. We confirmed the hypothesis that the dominant substrate can affect the efficiency of the digestate separation. Furthermore, the results showed that centrifuges separated significantly more dry matter and total P than screw presses. Use of chemical conditioners in combination with a centrifuge lowered the dry matter concentration in the liquid fraction by 30%. Screw presses consumed 4.5 times less energy than centrifuges and delivered 3.3 tonne ammonium N in the liquid fraction and 0.3 tonne total P in the solid fraction using 1 MWh. The results can provide data for systems analyses of biogas solutions and can support practitioners when choosing among full-scale separator techniques depending on the digestate type. In a broader perspective, this work contributes to the continuous improvement of biogas plants operations and to their role as nutrients recovery sites.
  •  
49.
  •  
50.
  • Caspersen, Siri (författare)
  • Closing the loop on human urine: Plant availability of zeolite-recovered nutrients in a peat-based substrate
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 211, s. 177-190
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recycling mineral nutrients from household wastewater is a central step in the development of a circular economy based society. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant availability of mineral elements and plant performance in a peat substrate containing nutrient-enriched zeolite (NEZ) obtained by nutrient recovery from human urine in a source separated wastewater system. Substrate content of potentially available mineral nutrients was determined by CaCl2/DTPA-extraction during a 12 weeks incubation experiment for 20:80 (R20) and 30:70 (R30) volume % of NEZ:sphagnum peat, limed R20 (R20L), and 20:80 vol% of unloaded zeolite:sphagnum peat (Z20). Plant availability of mineral elements from R20, R20L, R30 and Z20 was compared with conventionally fertilised sphagnum peat (P100) for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. ‘Topolino’ in a pot experiment. Recovery of nutrients in a potentially available form in the R20 substrate after 12 weeks was 3% (K), 23% (N, P), 34% (Mg) and 90% (S). Liming increased the recovery of mineral N to 39%, suggesting that nitrification was an important driver for the release of NH4+. For R20, estimated recovery of urine-derived N in sunflower shoots was 30–36%. Shoot biomass was similar in R20 and in conventionally fertilised peat (P100). However, P100 plants had more leaves and flowers+buds. Initial addition of ammonium phosphate or supplemental fertilisation with a complete nutrient solution increased flower+bud number in R20. For the NEZ-treatments, Cu and B shoot concentrations were in the low or marginal range while Zn and Mn were high or in excess. Shoot growth and nutrient uptake of sunflower were highly restricted in the unloaded zeolite control (Z20). We conclude that 20% NEZ in a peat substrate was effective as a macronutrient source for sunflower, producing similar biomass as in conventionally fertilised peat. However, micronutrient balance and early P supply may need to be adjusted for optimal plant performance.
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