SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Extended search

Träfflista för sökning "L773:0921 3449 "

Search: L773:0921 3449

  • Result 1-50 of 245
Sort/group result
   
EnumerationReferenceCoverFind
1.
  • Johansson, Allan, et al. (author)
  • From megaplants to mini-mills - a trend in steelmaking - a prospect for papermaking
  • 2004
  • In: Resources, Conservation & Recycling. - 0921-3449. ; 40:2, s. 173-183
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A comparison is made between the development trends experience over the last decades by the steel and papermaking industries, respectively. These two industrial branches, although totally different in their technical nature, are subject to similar pressures from their external environment, notably increasing requirements for environmental protection and more efficient raw material management. Such new dimensions of technical development may in fact require alternatives to the familiar search for efficiency through "economy of scale" that has prevailed virtually over the whole industrial era. It is suggested that some of the structural changes that already have taken place in the steel industry may serve as indicators for what might happen also in the paper industry. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
2.
  • Berglund, Christer, et al. (author)
  • A note on inter-country differences in waste paper recovery and utilization
  • 2002
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 34:3, s. 175-191
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Countries worldwide express waste paper recycling targets in terms of recovery and utilization rates. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the most important determinants of inter-country differences in these waste paper rates. By employing two regression models and using data for 89 and 81 countries, respectively, the paper concludes that relative waste paper recovery and use are largely market-determined, and depend thus on long-standing economic factors such as population intensity and competitiveness in the world market for paper and board products. We also find evidence that supports the conjecture that rich countries tend to recover relatively more waste paper than is the case in low-income countries, reflecting the higher demand for waste management and environmental policies in more developed economies. As recovery and utilization rates are determined largely by long-standing economic and demographic characteristics the degree of policy flexibility in affecting these rates may be limited. In particular, an ambitious utilization rate target may be very costly to enforce as it can conflict with existing trade patterns of paper and board products as well as with other environmental goals. Additional policy targets may, therefore, be desirable, especially since paper recycling is motivated primarily by environmental concerns and seldom is a benign activity in itself.
  •  
3.
  • Dalemo, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • Effects of including nitrogen emissions from soil in environmental systems analysis of waste management strategies
  • 1998
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 24, s. 363-381
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions from soil resulting from the use of organic fertilizers, such as manure, are large compared with the corresponding impacts of mineral fertilizers. However, soil emissions are rarely included in systems analysis of waste management strategies. This study examines whether the inclusion of soil emissions can affect the environmental ranking of systems for managing solid biodegradable waste. Waste management scenarios based on incineration, anaerobic digestion and composting, respectively, were compared. The scenarios were analysed using the organic waste research (ORWARE) simulation model. A simplified model for calculating nitrogen availability and emissions was also constructed. Life-cycle analysis methodology was used for choosing system boundaries and evaluating the results. Global warming, acidification and eutrophication were the impact categories considered. The results indicate the vital importance of considering nitrogen emissions from soil when comparing biological waste management systems with other waste management methods, especially with regard to eutrophication effects. Soil emissions are also important when comparing the environmental impacts of anaerobic digestion and composting systems. However, the variation in nitrogen emissions from soil is large and depends on the spreading technique used, climate, drainage and soil texture
  •  
4.
  • Dalemo, M., et al. (author)
  • ORWARE – A simulation model for organic waste handling systems. : Part 1: Model description
  • 1997
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 21:1, s. 17-37
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch), for the handling of organic waste in urban areas has been constructed. The model provides a comprehensive view of the environmental effects, plant nutrient utilisation and energy turnover for this large and complex system. The ORWARE model consists of several sub-models; sewage plant, incineration, landfill, compost, anaerobic digestion, truck transport, transport by sewers, residue transport and spreading of residues on arable land. The model is intended for simulating different scenarios, and the results are: emissions to air and water, energy turnover and the amount of residues returned to arable land. All results are presented, both as the gross figure for the entire system and figures for each process. Throughout the model all physical flows are described by the same variable vector, consisting of 43 substances. This extensive vector facilitates a thorough analysis of the results, but involves some difficulties in acquiring relevant data. In this paper, the model is described. Results from a hypothetical case study are presented in a companion paper.
  •  
5.
  • Eriksson, Ola, et al. (author)
  • ORWARE : a simulation tool for waste management
  • 2002
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 36:4, s. 287-307
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch) is described. The model is mainly used as a tool for researchers in environmental systems analysis of waste management. It is a computer-based model for calculation of substance flows, environmental impacts, and costs of waste management. The model covers, despite the name, both organic and inorganic fractions in municipal waste. The model consists of a number of separate submodels, which describes a process in a real waste management system. The submodels may be combined to design a complete waste management system. Based on principles from life cycle assessment the model also comprises compensatory processes for conventional production of e.g. electricity, district heating and fertiliser. The compensatory system is included in order to fulfil the functional units, i.e. benefits from the waste management that are kept constant in the evaluation of different scenarios. ORWARE generates data on emissions, which are aggregated into different environmental impact categories, e.g. the greenhouse effect, acidification and eutrophication. Throughout the model all physical flows are described by the same variable vector, consisting of up to 50 substances. The extensive vector facilitates a thorough analysis of the results, but involves some difficulties in acquiring relevant data. Scientists have used ORWARE for 8 years in different case studies for model testing and practical application in the society. The aims have e.g. been to evaluate waste management plans and to optimise energy recovery from waste.
  •  
6.
  • Klang, Anders, et al. (author)
  • Sustainable management of demolition waste : an integrated model for the evaluation of environmental, economic and social aspect
  • 2003
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 38:4, s. 317-334
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A model is presented for evaluating waste management systems for their contribution to a sustainable development, including environmental, economic and social aspects. The model was tested in a case-study, where groups of long term unemployed people were offered both education on environmental issues and practical work with the recovery and recycling of building and demolition waste as a form of vocational development. Application of the suggested model revealed the overall effects on sustainability of different methods of waste management. In addition, negative aspects of the systems analysed were identified, which led to discussions about possible improved practices within the waste management systems. Two of the waste management systems investigated (the recycling of steel and re-use of sanitary porcelain) showed a potential contribution to sustainable development in all of the aspects studied. Preparing bricks for re-use showed the largest potential for eco-efficiency, but had negative effects on sustainability from the social perspective of health and the working environment. The possibility of further use of the model and the remaining obstacles to such analyses are discussed. One observation is that the data collection needed to perform this kind of sustainability analysis is resource-demanding, and that it would therefore be better to identify a smaller number of key indicators.
  •  
7.
  • Krook, Joakim, et al. (author)
  • Metal contamination in recovered waste wood used as energy source in Sweden.
  • 2004
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449. ; 41:1, s. 1-14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Large amounts of recovered waste wood (RWW) originating from construction and demolition activities (C&DWW) and industrial activities (IWW) are annually generated in Sweden. RWW is also imported for use as an energy source at biofuel boilers. Increased use of biomass is one strategy to decrease environmental impact, in general, and the emissions of green house gases, in particular. This study addresses the environmental and resource implications of metal occurrence in RWW that is used as an energy source at biofuel boilers. RWW contains elevated concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, zinc, mercury, nickel, lead and possibly cadmium. The metal composition of Swedish and imported RWW differs in that Swedish RWW contains higher concentrations of arsenic, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper, while imported RWW contains higher concentrations of lead, mercury and cadmium. Ashes from combustion of RWW are nowadays generally disposed in landfills due to their elevated metal concentrations. This practice makes it impossible to use these ashes as filler material thereby replacing extraction of raw materials and decreasing the need for landfill space. Furthermore, landfilling leads to accumulation of hazardous heavy metals that poses a future environmental and health problem. If RWW from construction and demolition should contribute optimally to a sustainable energy system, cleaner waste wood flows are a prerequisite. The elementary measure is to track potential pollution sources in this waste stream and find out which are significant. Furthermore, since most of the RWW is untreated and unpolluted wood, there is a great environmental potential to separate this flow through the waste management system. Such an approach might lead to decreased environmental pollution of heavy metals and an improved resource management.
  •  
8.
  • Lundmark, Robert (author)
  • Choice of location for investments in the European paper industry: the impact of wastepaper
  • 2001
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 33:3, s. 167-180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper identifies and estimates the relative impact that factor input prices, output market size and agglomeration effects have on the choice of location for investment projects in the European pulp and paper industry, with special focus on the price of waste paper A conditional logit model was developed to fit investment projects across 16 European countries for the period 1985-95. The results suggest that factor input prices, in general, and the price for waste paper in particular, are neither a statistical nor an economic significant location determinant for a paper manufacturer. Furthermore, the results suggest that market size and agglomeration effects are considered more important than the price of raw material when an investment site is chosen.
  •  
9.
  • Menad, Nourreddine (author)
  • Cathode ray tube recycling
  • 1999
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 26:3-4, s. 143-154
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Lead and polybrominated flame retardants are the two hazardous materials that can be found in electronic appliances. Particularly, cathode ray tubes (CRT) contain leaded glasses. In a computer monitor, over 98% of the lead is in the CRT. This material is generally not accepted for reuse as a component; only those from televisions can be reused. However, this currently represents only a very small market. Envirocycle (a US company) has developed a process to recycle all glasses contained in CRTs; this process includes cleaning and sorting glass. The product obtained is used for the manufacture of new CRT glass. Some industries have used pulverized glass from CRTs in smelting processes as slagging material instead of sand or slag. In this paper, some environmental issues related to the recycling of computers and television sets, and CRTs from computers are presented and discussed. Different processes used to recycle CRTs are described along with an economic analysis.
  •  
10.
  • Menad, Nourreddine, et al. (author)
  • Combustion of plastics contained in electric and electronic scrap
  • 1998
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 24:1, s. 65-85
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Plastic materials have been associated with electric and electronic applications since the early days of the electrical industry. Plastics can amount up to 30% of the scrap mass. Generally, they contains flame retardants such as halogenated compounds which can lead to the formation of different toxic products. Recycling, incineration and landfilling are the current methods used to treat these plastics. They also can be used as combustibles in some metallurgical processes. However, during their combustion, halogenated flame retardants can produce dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzo-furans.
  •  
11.
  • Menad, Nourreddine, et al. (author)
  • Polyvinyl chloride used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent
  • 1998
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 24:3-4, s. 257-274
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl is a recyclable material. It can be used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent. Two tests of chlorination and reduction of two different samples of jarosite and hematite were realized using PVC, results are presented in this paper. The chlorination test shows that the HCl gas produced from PVC and heated at ≈250°C can be used as a chlorine source to recover as chlorinated compounds the valuable metals such as Zn, Pb contained in jarosite. The XRD reveals the presence of lead and zinc chlorides in the condensates obtained. The second test of reduction was conducted using a mixture of PVC and hematite treated in a nitrogen atmosphere between 200 and 1000°C. The results show that at low temperature, PVC produces HCl and with kinetic consideration, no reactions can be observed with hematite. However, at high temperature, the weight of the hematite sample decreases by ≈15%, due to the reduction of hematite to iron metal.
  •  
12.
  • Menad, Nourreddine, et al. (author)
  • Thermal treatments of industrial wastes in controlled atmospheres for the elimination of As, Hg, Cd, Se and the concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn
  • 1999
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 25:3-4, s. 233-254
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Thermal treatments of five different types of non-ferrous metallurgical wastes, under a controlled atmosphere, were carried out at temperatures lower than 800°C for the separation of their toxic compounds and the concentration of valuable metals in the treatments residues. The best results were obtained by the treatments in air or hydrogen, or both successively. Simple treatments, using air or hydrogen, of three samples allowed the elimination of more than 95% of their toxic elements and almost doubled their valuable metals concentration. For the rest of the samples, a combined treatment was necessary for their efficient decontamination. In this case, the valuable metals content in the treatment's residue was increased to a reasonable value. Most of the solids issuing from these treatments can be recycled in current non-ferrous metallurgical processes.
  •  
13.
  • Shen, H, et al. (author)
  • A review of plastics waste recycling and the flotation of plastics
  • 1999
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 25, s. 85-109
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper summerizes the importance of plastic waste recycling and plastic waste separation. Based on an analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of plastics and plastic waste, the potentials and limitations of several technological processes are discussed. In addition, a review of the surface chemical aspects of plastic flotation is presented. It can be concluded that the flotation of plasics is a fairly flexible technique and could prove to be a useful process for the separation of mixtures of several different types of plastics. however, more research and development effort is required before this technology can be introduced to industry.
  •  
14.
  • Shen, Huiting, et al. (author)
  • Physicochemical and mineralogical properties of stainless steel slags oriented to metal recovery
  • 2004
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 40:3, s. 245-271
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the present paper, physicochemical and mineralogical properties of stainless steel slags oriented to metal recovery were studied by using various methods. The tests were conducted on two types of slag, namely EAF slag (Electric Arc Furnace) and AOD slag (Argon Oxygen Decarburisation). The samples were collected from the tailings of a slag processing plant operated by Bergslagens Stålservice AB in Sweden. Chemical analysis showed that the EAF and AOD samples contain 3.22% Cr and 0.075% Ni, and 1.71% Cr and 0.20% Ni respectively. Fe and Cr are mainly (about 70%) in the form of oxide while Ni is in the form of metal. Particle size analysis demonstrated that the EAF and AOD had been finely ground at the plant with 56 and 65% (−75 μm), respectively, containing a large amount of slime. According to X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and other studies, the main phases identified in EAF and AOD include Fe–Cr–Ni alloys, Fe–Cr oxides, Ca–Mg–Al silicates and Ca–Mg oxides (free CaO and periclase) with many mineral species. From SEM, Fe, Cr and Ni exist in the liberated alloy particles, association particles and complex particles. It is possible to recover the former two but the Fe–Cr–Ni in the latter one will not be easy to recover by mechanical separation. Some Cr also exists in the silicate phases and this Cr is impossible to recover by mechanical separation. However, Ni seldom exists in the silicate phases. Dissolution test showed that only a very small amount of EAF or AOD is dissolved in water, but in 1 M HCl solution, as high as 23.68% EAF and 31.04% AOD are dissolved, respectively. In addition, a phenomenon of particle size growth of the ground AOD was found and demonstrated by particle size analysis with a laser particle size analyzer and a Cyclosizer. Particle size growth of the ground EAF is not obvious, indicating that the hydraulic property of AOD is higher than EAF.
  •  
15.
  • Shen, H, et al. (author)
  • Selective flotation separation of plastics by chemical conditioning with methyl cellulose
  • 2002
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 35, s. 229-241
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The floatability of seven plastics (POM, PVC, PET, PMMA, PC, PS and ABS) in the presence of methyl cellulose (MC) and separation of plastics mixtures were investigated in this paper. It was found that the seven plastics can be separated into three groups by using the wetting agent MC. Group one includes POM and PVC. They are depressed at very low MC concentrations. Group two, including PET, PMMA and PC, has an intermediate floatability. Group three (ABS and PS) has a high floatability. They are almost not depressed within the given MC concentration range. In order to understand the mechanism of selective flotation of plastics and the chemical conditioning process, surface chemical factors, such as wettability of plastics and surface tension of flotation medium, and gravity factors, such as particle density and shape, were studied. It was found that the depressing effect of MC on plastics is ascribed mainly to its adsorption on the plastics surfaces. The MC molecules absorbed on plastics expose some of their polar groups oriented towards the aqueous phase, hence making the plastics surfaces hydrophilic. In addition, flotation selectivity for the plastics is dominated not only by wettability of plastics, but also by particle size, density and shape
  •  
16.
  • Shen, Huiting, et al. (author)
  • Selective flotation separation of plastics by particle control
  • 2001
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 33:1, s. 37-50
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A study on the control of particle size distribution (PSD) of the ground carbonate product in stirred media mills (wet Drais stirred bead mill and dry Sala Agitated Mill) is presented in this paper. The results indicated that the slope of product size distribution can be controlled by altering some operating parameters, such as size of grinding media and tip or peripheral speed. The profile of product size distribution from the stirred media mills was found to follow most closely the Rosin-Rammler-Bennett (RRB) model.
  •  
17.
  • Sonesson, U., et al. (author)
  • Environmental and economic analysis of management systems for biodegradable waste
  • 2000
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 28:02-jan, s. 29-53
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The management system for solid and liquid organic waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.
  •  
18.
  •  
19.
  • Zhang, Shunli, et al. (author)
  • Aluminum recovery from electronic scrap by High-Force R eddy-current separators
  • 1998
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 23:4, s. 225-241
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The amount of electronic scrap which contains a substantial portion of non-ferrous metals, primarily copper and aluminum, has been growing. The present study is directed toward aluminum recovery by a newly developed eddy current separator. The investigation on shredded personal computer and printed circuit board scrap demonstrates that the High-Force® eddy-current separator will be applicable for this purpose. It has been shown that, by a single pass of the materials on the High-Force® eddy-current separator, an aluminum concentrate out of personal computer scrap can be obtained with a purity of 85%, while maintaining a recovery in excess of 90%, with the feed rate being up to 0.3 kg/min.
  •  
20.
  • Zhang, Shunli, et al. (author)
  • Mechanical separation-oriented characterization of electronic scrap
  • 1997
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 21:4, s. 247-269
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The ever-increasing amount of electronic scrap and the steadily-decreasing contents of the precious metals used in electronics, as well as the ever-growing environmental awareness, challenges such conventional precious-metal-oriented recycling techniques as pyrometallurgy. Separation and beneficiation of various materials encountered in electronic scrap might provide a correct solution ahead. In this context, mechanical separation-oriented characterization of electronic scrap was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the amenability of mechanical separation processes. Liberation degrees of various metals from the non-metals, which are crucial for mechanical separation, were analyzed by means of a grain counting approach. It is found that the metallic particles below 2 mm achieve almost complete liberation. Particle shapes were also quantified through an image processing system. The results obtained show that the shapes of the particles, as a result of shredding, turn out to be heterogeneous, thereby complicating mechanical separation processes. In addition, separability of various materials was ascertained by a sink–float analysis. It has been shown that density-based separation techniques shall be viable in separating metals from plastics, light plastics (ABS, PS and PVC, etc.) from glass fiber reinforced resins and aluminum from heavy metals. Specifically, a high quality copper concentrate can be expected by density-based separation techniques. Moreover, FT-IR spectra of plastics pieces from the light fractions after the sink–float testing show that PC scrap primarily contains ABS, PS and PVC plastics with the density range of +1.0–1.5 g/cm3, whereas PCB scrap mainly contains glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins plastics with the density range of +1.5–2.0 g/cm3.
  •  
21.
  • Zhang, Shunli, et al. (author)
  • Optimization of electrodynamic separation for metals recovery from electronic scrap
  • 1998
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 22:3-4, s. 143-162
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The performance of an electrodynamic separator has been optimized in the present study for metals recovery from electronic scrap. Eight variables involved in the system was investigated by a 2IV8-4 fractional factorial design in an attempt to determine the significant variables. The effects of those variables were detailed with glass, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a representative of plastics, copper wires, copper and aluminum granulates. For various binary mixtures of copper wires and glass or PVC plastic, the electrodynamic separator is able to produce copper products with the grade ranging from 93 to 99%, and recovery from 95 to 99%, respectively, under the optimized conditions. Further, one sample which is a middling fraction resulting from air table separation was also tested. For a single pass, copper and aluminum was upgraded approximately from 11 and 7% to 34 and 22%, while maintaining the corresponding recovery of 87 and 99%, respectively.
  •  
22.
  • Zhang, Shunli, et al. (author)
  • Particle trajectory simulation of two-drum eddy current separators
  • 1999
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 26:2, s. 71-90
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Particle trajectories of the newly-developed two-drum eddy current separators are simulated by the ECSIM software package. The simulation results have been substantiated by measuring the horizontal displacements of the particles to be investigated under the same conditions. It is shown that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Further, on the basis of the simulation results obtained, the potential for improving the design of two-drum eddy current separators is discussed. It appears that the performance of two-drum eddy current separators, when processing small particles, may be enhanced by strengthening the magnetic field intensity and simultaneously increasing the maximum drum speed.
  •  
23.
  • Zhang, Shunli, et al. (author)
  • Separation mechanisms and criteria of a rotating eddy-current separator operation
  • 1999
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 25:3, s. 215-232
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Much work has so far been done for modelling the magnetic deflecting (repulsive) force of eddy current separators. However, selective separation of various materials by eddy current separation depends not only on magnetic deflecting forces but also on competing forces like the gravitational force and the centrifugal force. Co-acting forces on a particle leaving the external drum are analyzed and evaluated in this study. Separation mechanisms of metal/non-metal and metal/metal separation systems have been investigated by a newly-developed High-Force® eddy-current separator. Further, a separation model governing an effective separation among various materials is presented. Based on this separation model, four practical separation criteria for metal/metal separation systems are put forward and have been substantiated experimentally.
  •  
24.
  • Arekrans, Johan, et al. (author)
  • Barriers to access-based consumption in the circular transition : A systematic review
  • 2022
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 184
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Barriers to access-based consumption (ABC) have been extensively studied in different strands of literature. However, cumulative knowledge is not organized to date, and a comprehensive overview of barriers identified by empirical studies in diverse strands is lacking. Such a picture is essential for laying the ground for further change-oriented research and actual changes in practice. This article reports on the results of a systematic review on barriers to transitioning from ownership- to access-based consumption. The review focuses on the literature strands product-service systems, circular economy, sharing economy, and collaborative consumption. Through open and axial coding of 289 barriers reported in 45 empirical studies, we found 17 themes of barriers concerning consumers, business, and society. The analysis of the barriers reveals four significant insights important for the research and practitioner community:the overall experience of ABC and trust mechanisms need to be better understood;organizational aspects in traditional business need a system change;regulation plays a fundamental role in making ABC work for business, society, and sustainability; andsharing risks and experimentation for new learnings are necessary.These four major insights suggest that consumers need business and government to offer enabling conditions for ABC – spanning from raising awareness and understanding to improving user experience. Furthermore, businesses need governments to create the necessary structures to support ABC offerings – from decreasing risks to increasing incentives. How and which mechanisms can further facilitate circular behaviors is a salient topic for future investigations.
  •  
25.
  • Abdullah Asif, Farazee Mohammad, et al. (author)
  • System dynamics models for decision making in product multiple lifecycles
  • 2015
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 101, s. 20-33
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The main drivers for adopting product multiple lifecycles are to gain ecological and economic advantages. However, in most of the cases it is not straight forward to estimate the potential ecological and economic gain that may result from adopting product multiple lifecycles. Even though many researchers have concluded that product multiple lifecycles result in gain, there are examples which indicate that the gain is often marginal or even none in many cases. The purpose of this research is to develop system dynamics models that can assist decision makers in assessing and analysing the potential gain of product multiple lifecycles considering the dynamics of material scarcity. The foundation of the research presented in this paper is laid based on literature review. System dynamics principles have been used for modelling and simulations have been done on Stella iThink platform. The data used in the models have been extracted from different reports published by World Steel Association and U.S. Geological Survey. Some of the data have been assumed based on expert estimation. The data on iron ore reserves, iron and steel productions and consumptions have been used in the models. This research presents the first system dynamics model for decision making in product multiple lifecycles which takes into consideration the dynamics of material scarcity. Physical unavailability and price of material are the two main factors that would drive product multiple lifecycles approach and more sustainable decisions can be made if it is done by taking holistic system approach over longer time horizon. For an enterprise it is perhaps not attractive to conserve a particular type of material through product multiple lifecycles approach which is naturally abundant but extremely important if the material becomes critical. An enterprise could through engineering, proper business model and marketing may increase the share of multiple lifecycle products which eventually would help the enterprise to reduce its dependency on critical materials.
  •  
26.
  • Abu Hatab, Assem, et al. (author)
  • An extended integrative model of behavioural prediction for examining households’ food waste behaviour in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 2022
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 179
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In developing countries, urbanization and demographic changes are increasing food waste generation at household levels. However, it remains unclear how behavioural and personal characteristics influence the behaviours of urban consumers in developing countries regarding food waste. In this study, we extended the integrative model of behavioural prediction to examine the determinants of food waste behaviour amongst a sample of 698 urban dwellers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The empirical results revealed that attitudes and perceived behavioural control were the most important predictors of intention toward food waste reduction. With regard to food waste behaviours, the results showed that the more an individual feels obliged to discard less food, the higher the odds that the quantity of food that gets wasted by the household would be reduced. Likewise, knowledge about the negative impacts of wasting food and an ability to interpret information on labels of food products were associated with decreased quantities of household food waste. In addition, lower psychological distance to food waste was generally associated with lower quantities of wasted food. Finally, sociodemographic characteristics and food-shopping routines were found to be significant predictors of food waste behaviours. Overall, these findings constitute an entry point for more research and policy measures in order to understand determinants of household food waste behaviours in developing countries and to design effective interventions to reinforce their behaviours towards more sustainable food consumption patterns.
  •  
27.
  • Aid, Graham, 1980-, et al. (author)
  • Expanding roles for the Swedish waste management sector in interorganizational resource management
  • 2017
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 124, s. 85-97
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Several waste management (WM) professionals see an ongoing shift in the focus of the industry, from that of atransport and treatment sector to that of a more integrated sustainable service provision and material productionsector. To further develop such transitional ambitions, WM organizations are increasingly looking toward interorganizationalresource network concepts (such as the circular economy and industrial symbiosis) as models ofhow they would like to create new value together with their customers and partners.This article aims to take a step in addressing uncertainties behind such transitions by analyzing barriers forinter-organizational resource management and in turn uncovering some potential opportunities and risks ofnovel offerings from the WM sector. Obstacles for developing innovative inter-organizational resource networkshave been identified based on studies of implementing industrial symbiosis networks. Subsequently, managingexecutives from Swedish private and public WM organizations were interviewed regarding the sector’s capacityto overcome such barriers – opportunities and risks of providing new resource management services – and howtheir organizations might approach the role of actively facilitating more resource efficient regions.Eco-Industrial park management and contracting out holistic resource management are some areas in whichthe respondents see WM organizations offering new services. In relation to such approaches, various risks (e.g.being cut out of investment benefits, or unstable supply) and opportunities (e.g. new markets and enhancedsustainability profiles) were identified. Additionally, it was seen that WM companies would need to makesubstantial changes to their business approach, becoming less dependent on flows of mixed materials forexample, if they are to become even more central value chain actors. To strengthen such approaches, it was seenthat the sector will need to find methods to strategically build strong, long term partnerships, expand upon andtake advantage of available knowledge resources (i.e. best practice technologies and regional material flows),and explore new business models (i.e. stockpiling, park management, or waste minimization). Additionally,working with sector representatives to argue for a more balanced market conditions next to primary productionshould assist the viability of new offerings in the wider market.
  •  
28.
  •  
29.
  • Alvarenga, Rodrigo A.F., et al. (author)
  • Towards product-oriented sustainability in the (primary) metal supply sector
  • 2019
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 145, s. 40-48
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Consideration of sustainable supply of (primary) metals is increasingly influencing the policy agenda of western societies. Environmental sustainability can be managed from different perspectives, including a site-oriented one (strongly used by the mining sector) and a product-oriented one (as with life cycle assessment). The objectives of this article are to analyse and discuss the differences in these perspectives; to discuss potential benefits to the metal/mining sector of also considering the product-oriented perspective; and to propose ways for a smooth implementation. We made use of literature and expert knowledge, on top of interviews with different stakeholders, to identify why and how these perspectives are (not) used in the metal/mining sector. Moreover, we identified three key concerns related to the implementation of a product-oriented perspective in the sector (e.g., use of unrepresentative life cycle inventory (LCI) datasets for metal-based products) and proposed three corrective actions for all of them (e.g., increase the quantity and quality of LCI). Finally, we discuss how the corrective actions could be implemented in the sector in a smooth way and some potential benefits from its implementation.
  •  
30.
  • Ammenberg, Jonas, et al. (author)
  • Assessment of Feedstocks for Biogas Production, Part II : Results for Strategic Decision Making
  • 2017
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 122, s. 388-404
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Biogas production is essentially based on organic materials and biological processes; hence it can contribute to the transition toward a biobased economy. Biogas is a biofuel that can contribute to a more renewable and local energy system. In comparison with other biofuels, biogas is more flexible and can be produced from many different types of feedstock, including biomass containing various shares of carbohydrates, lipids and, both from primary and secondary raw materials. However, a significantly expanded biogas production is dependent on good business conditions, in turn related to societal acceptance and support. There are many factors that can make a biogas solution more or less suitable for both producers and the broader society. Among the many influencing factors, the choice of feedstocks (biomass) for producing biogas and biofertilizer is of strategic importance. But, to assess the suitability is complicated, because it is linked to many different challenges such as cost, energy balance, environmental impacts, institutional conditions, available technologies, geographical conditions, alternative and competing interest, and so on. Suitability includes aspects related to feasibility for implementation, potential for renewable energy and nutrient recycling, and resource efficiency. In this article, a multi-criteria framework, which is proposed in a companion article (Part II), is used to assess the suitability of four types of feedstocks for producing biogas (considering Swedish conditions). The assessed feedstocks are ley crops, straw, farmed blue mussels, and source-sorted food waste. The results have synthesized and structured a lot of information, which facilitates considerably for those that want an overview and to be able to review several different areas simultaneously. Among the assessed feedstocks, biogas production from household food waste and ley is the most straightforward. For straw and farmed blue mussels, there are more obstacles to overcome including some significant barriers. For all feedstock there are challenges related to the institutional conditions. The assessment contributes to the knowledge about sustainable use of these feedstocks, and the limitations and opportunities for biogas development. It supports more informed decision making, both in industry and policy. Existing, or forthcoming, biogas and biofertilizer producers who are considering altering or expanding their production systems can benefit from a better understanding of different choices of feedstock that are or can be (potentially) at their disposal; thus, identify hotspots, weak points, and possible candidates for implementation in future. This research is performed within the Biogas Research Center (BRC), which is a transdisciplinary center of excellence with the overall goal of promoting resource-efficient biogas solutions in Sweden. The BRC is funded by the Energy Agency of Sweden, Linköping University, and more than 20 partners from academia, industry, municipalities and other several public and private organizations.
  •  
31.
  • Ammenberg, Jonas, 1973-, et al. (author)
  • Biogas in the transport sector—actor and policy analysis focusing on the demand side in the Stockholm region
  • 2018
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 129, s. 70-80
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Sweden has ambitions to phase out fossil fuels and significantly increase the share of biofuels it uses. This article focuses on Stockholm County and biogas, with the aim to increase the knowledge about regional preconditions. Biogas-related actors have been interviewed, focusing on the demand side. Biogas solutions play an essential role, especially regarding bus transports and taxis. Long-term development has created well-functioning socio-technical systems involving collaboration. However, uncertainties about demand and policy cause hesitation and signs of stagnating development. Public organizations are key actors regarding renewables. For example, Stockholm Public Transport procures biogas matching the production at municipal wastewater treatment plants, the state-owned company Swedavia steers via a queuing system for taxis, and the municipalities have shifted to “environmental cars”. There is a large interest in electric vehicles, which is expected to increase significantly, partially due to suggested national policy support. The future role of biogas will be affected by how such an expansion comes about. There might be a risk of electricity replacing biogas, making it more challenging to reach a fossil-free vehicle fleet. Policy issues strongly influence the development. The environmental car definition is of importance, but its limited focus fails to account for several different types of relevant effects. The dynamic policy landscape with uncertainties about decision makers’ views on biogas seems to be one important reason behind the decreased pace of development. A national, long-term strategy is missing. Both the European Union and Sweden have high ambitions regarding a bio-based and circular economy, which should favor biogas solutions.
  •  
32.
  • André, Hampus, et al. (author)
  • Are second-hand shell jackets better than users think? A comparison of perceived, assessed and measured functionality throughout lifespans
  • 2024
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 204, s. 107470-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Using the case of outdoor shell jackets, this research studies obsolescence and potential lifespan extension by re-examining how product functionality, objectively and subjectively, develops over the course of product lifespans. In particular, the study focuses on second-hand stores for outdoor products. Functionality is indicated by user perceptions, visual assessments, laboratory measurements and price data, collected at first use, second-hand resale and end-of-life. Perceived functionality and price decline more rapidly (5–6 % per year) than assessed and measured functionality (around 3 % per year). This could be explained by properties related to appearance, which are not assessed nor measured but influence user perceptions and price. Discontentment regarding such properties appears more relevant for obsolescence than inadequate performance, suggesting the potential for design for attachment and timeless design. The relative stability of measured functionality over time suggests that a barrier for second-hand sales, concern about performance, could be ameliorated by a potential functionality-label.
  •  
33.
  • André, Hampus, 1989, et al. (author)
  • Towards comprehensive assessment of mineral resource availability? Complementary roles of life cycle, life cycle sustainability and criticality assessments
  • 2021
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 167
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Regarding mineral resources, there is ambiguity around concepts such as scarcity, rarity, criticality and depletion and associated assessment methods. This paper investigates three method groups: life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), criticality assessment and life cycle sustainability impact assessment methods. The aim is to clarify how these method groups and concepts relate and their potential roles in a comprehensive mineral resource availability assessment. The study finds that their modeling approaches and practical implementations are sometimes misaligned with what they aim to assess. This results in similarities between methods from different method groups. Some LCIA-methods include elements which belong to criticality assessment, which could explain some of the ambiguity. A reason for misalignment is a lack of distinction between mineral resource stocks, funds and flows. The lack thereof also results in invalid impact pathway cause-effect chains and imprecise terminology allowing for misunderstandings in the “resource debate”. Distinguishing between mineral resource stocks, funds and flows resolves misalignments within methods and between method groups and, in turn, ambiguity around concepts such as scarcity, rarity, criticality and depletion. It follows that long-term scopes need to include assessments of depletion of ecospheric stocks. Methods focusing on factors which represent or can influence magnitude and location of technospheric flows are suitable for short term scopes. Different types of technospheric funds, such as resources in active use, end of life products and landfills, can be relevant in short, medium and long-term scopes. Altogether, assessments of stocks, funds and flows are complementary parts of a comprehensive mineral resource availability assessment.
  •  
34.
  • Bailey, G., et al. (author)
  • Review and new life cycle assessment for rare earth production from bastnäsite, ion adsorption clays and lateritic monazite
  • 2020
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 155
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are one of the most important–albeit critical–commodities for our green technologies. However, there is a general perception that REEs are produced using mining and processing techniques that are unsustainable. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most widely accepted methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of rare earth oxide (REO) production. This article aims to provide a synthesis of the currently existing LCA studies on REEs using two strategies. Firstly, an overview of published LCA results of REO production. Secondly, a detailed LCA using the best available life cycle inventories (LCIs) in order to: i). evaluate the state-of-the-art LCI for this sector ii). Understand better the impacts related to each of the three main production routes and iii). Contribute to the development of a preliminary benchmark for the sector. The analysis of the published LCA results reveal that the three main methodological issues with published LCAs are data gaps, allocation, and waste management. The dominating contributor to the global warming potential of the production of REOs in all two of the three routes is chemical extraction and separation.
  •  
35.
  • Bauer, Fredric, et al. (author)
  • Assessing the feasibility of archetypal transition pathways towards carbon neutrality : A comparative analysis of European industries
  • 2022
  • In: Resources, Conservation & Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449. ; 177
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Analyses of the future for manufacturing and heavy industries in a climate constrained world many times focus on technological innovations in the early stages of the value chain, assuming few significant changes are plausible, wanted, or necessary throughout the rest of the value chain. Complex questions about competing interests, different ways of organising resource management, production, consumption, and integrating value chains are thus closed down to ones about efficiencies, pay-back times, and primary processing technologies. In this analysis, we move beyond this to identify archetypal pathways that span across value chains in four emissions intensive industries: plastics, steel, pulp and paper, and meat and dairy. The pathways as presented in the present paper were inductively identified in a multi-stage process throughout a four-year European research project. The identified archetypal pathways are i) production and end-use optimisation, ii) electrification with CCU, iii) CCS, iv) circular material flows, and v) diversification of bio-feedstock use.The pathways are at different stages of maturity and furthermore their maturity vary across sectors. The pathways show that decarbonisation is likely to force value chains to cross over traditional boundaries. This implies that an integrated industrial and climate policy must handle both sectoral specificities and commonalities for decarbonised industrial development.
  •  
36.
  • Behjat, Marta, 1991, et al. (author)
  • Sustainability indicator identification and selection for an innovative conceptual system: Phosphorus recovery from dairy wastewater
  • 2024
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 207
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In Europe, a decrease in the availability of phosphate rock resources has led to the development of emerging technologies for phosphorus recovery, with the purpose of generating products that can be used as fertilisers. An innovative conceptual system dedicated to the phosphorus recovery from dairy wastewater is considered in the paper. New technologies need to be assessed using relevant sustainability indicators. In this study, we developed an approach for identifying and selecting indicators. Based on searches of literature and expert interviews, three different tools were developed: an indicator screening framework, a questionnaire for finding actor priorities, and a list of indicator selection criteria. The new approach was successfully used to narrow down an initial set of 382 indicators identified in the literature to 26 that were considered representative and practicable for the assessment of the considered system.
  •  
37.
  • Bengtsson, Magnus, 1967, et al. (author)
  • Actors and interpretations in an environmental controversy: the Swedish debate on sewage sludge use in agriculture
  • 2004
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 42:1, s. 65-82
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study examines the Swedish debate on the sustainability of using sewage sludge as fertiliser in agriculture. Although the use of sludge as fertiliser presents potential resource and environmental advantages, it can have negative effects on people and soil productivity. Both proponents and opponents of agricultural application of sludge use environmental arguments to support their positions. By 1990, the Swedish parliament stressed the importance of recycling nutrients from wastewater; however, despite low levels of contamination, compared to other countries, little sludge is used in agriculture today. During the last few decades, a large amount of research has addressed the risks and benefits of using sludge as fertiliser, but the central actors have not been able to reach lasting agreements. This study, which is based on document analysis, direct observations, and interviews, analyses the beliefs, preferences, and arguments of major actors in the national debate on sludge. The study investigates how actors define problems and interpret the risks and benefits of sludge use. Specifically, the study concentrates on the role of science in the sludge controversy. Two distinct ways of thinking - a precautionary frame and a proof-first frame - are identified. These frames are shown almost immune to factual claims and arguments from opponents. It is concluded that actors in the controversy need to address explicitly value judgements and beliefs that go beyond scientific information. In addition, the study concludes that there is a need for policy makers to further develop process leadership skills. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
38.
  • Berglund, Christer (author)
  • Spatial cost efficiency in waste paper handling: the case of corrugated board in Sweden
  • 2004
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 42:4, s. 367-387
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper analyzes the spatial cost efficiency of the Swedish legislation regarding waste disposal handling. We focus on the case of corrugated board and recognize that the different counties in Sweden possess different economic prerequisites in terms of waste paper recovery and utilization potential. We employ data for six corrugated board mills and 20 counties and a non-linear programming model to identify the least cost strategy for reaching the politically specified recycling target of a 65% recovery rate for corrugated board. That is, the total costs of recovering a minimum of 65% in each county are calculated and compared with the case when the country as a whole recovers 65% of all old corrugated board is collected but there exist no uniform target for each county. The conclusion is that from an efficiency point of view the recovery efforts should be concentrated to the highly populated and urbanized counties, and not be uniformly divided throughout the country. In the base case, the results suggest that the cost efficient county-specific recovery rates should range from 51 to 72%.
  •  
39.
  • Berlin, Daniel, 1993-, et al. (author)
  • Supply network collaborations in a circular economy : A case study of Swedish steel recycling
  • 2022
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 179, s. 106112-106112
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Supply network collaboration has been recognised as a vital enabler in the transition to a circular economy. Even so, the existing literature has directed limited attention to the nature of these relationships and the motivation behind them. Hence, there is a need to understand the actual activities of actors engaged in collaboration to address this knowledge gap. The steel industry presents an interesting example. Given that more than one-third of the world's steel production originates from scrap, its supply is essential to the survival of the steel industry. Based on an explorative case study, this paper investigates collaboration of steel producers, a procurement intermediary and scrap dealers to facilitate steel recycling. These actors deal with the practical challenge of variation in the quantity and quality of steel scrap by engaging in various types of collaboration. This paper seeks to analyse the nature of these collaborations and answer the question of why actors engage in supply network collaboration. The paper identifies a complex web of relationships and outlines differing motives for and against collaboration, with specific focus on three types. While quality control is the main motive in dyadic vertical collaboration between a buyer and a supplier, efficiency is the main motive for both horizontal collaboration between buyers and lateral collaboration amongst all actors in the supply network. Thus, this paper adds to the conventional wisdom of sequential, dyadic, linear and vertical relationships, providing a deeper understanding of the types of supply network collaboration from the underexplored context of steel recycling.
  •  
40.
  • Bernstad, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Current practice, challenges and potential methodological improvements in environmental evaluations of food waste prevention - A discussion paper
  • 2015
  • In: Resources, Conservation & Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449. ; 101, s. 132-142
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A review was performed of eight previously performed investigations of environmental impacts from end-consumer food waste prevention. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the state of the art in these assessments, identify key factors which could explain seen variations in GWP-emission savings, and suggest methodological improvements leading to increased potentials for cross-study comparisons. Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases can according to reviewed studies reach from 0.8 to 4.4 kg CO2-eq./kg prevented food waste. The review shows that differences in calculated environmental benefits largely can be explained by emissions from avoided food production and related services, rather than avoided management of generated food waste. This, variations in previous studies are largely explained by differences in system boundary delimitations and assumptions related to the avoided food supply system. The review supports that food production is the overall determining factor for benefits related to food waste prevention in reviewed studies. In addition, consumer transports and end-consumer preparation can have a large impact on overall results, mainly due to the relatively small amount of food transported/prepared per unit energy consumed. The importance of a specific process in the food supply chain on overall results will however depend on several different parameters, such as environmental profile of energy used for cooking. The present study also discusses food categories of relevance to differentiate between when addressing the composition of preventable food waste, with the general recommendation to differentiate between vegetables/fruit, bread, cheese, other dairy products, fish, meat (beef) and meat (other than beef). As the many assumptions necessarily made in assessment of prevented food production have a large impact on the overall results, it is recommended for the LCA-practitioner to clearly present made assumptions. In addition, use of sensitivity analyses, varying the composition of prevented food waste is useful for robustness check. Due to the current diversity in methodological approaches when assessing environmental benefits from food waste prevention, authors would welcome establishment of more detailed guidelines within this field in order to increase both the general quality in assessments as well as the potential for cross-study comparisons. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
41.
  • Bernstad, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Door-stepping as a strategy for improved food waste recycling behaviour Evaluation of a full-scale experiment
  • 2013
  • In: Resources, Conservation & Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449. ; 73, s. 94-103
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Comparisons were made between two groups of households in a multi-family residential area in order to investigate how oral information through a door-stepping campaign can influence household food waste recycling behaviour from a quantitative as well as qualitative perspective. Source-separation behaviour was assessed both through weakly weighting of all source-separated food waste and dry recyclables as well as residual waste generated over a period of 104 weeks, as well as repeated waste composition analyses. Introduction of source-separation of food waste for biogas production significantly decreased the generation of residual waste in the whole case-study area. An average generation of 0.72 and 0.71 kg, household(-1), week(-1) of separately collected food waste was found amongst households receiving and not contacted through the door-stepping campaign respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Four waste composition analyses show that the average source-separation ratio of food waste was higher and the ratio of incorrectly sorter material lower in the food waste fraction amongst households where oral information had been provided. A decrease over time in the source-separation ratio of food waste amongst households receiving oral information suggests a low durability of the door-stepping campaign. No signs were seen of increased source-separation ratio or decreased ratio of incorrectly sorted material amongst dry recyclables. The study supports previous findings pointing at accessibility as a key factor for increased recycling behaviour. However, results also suggest that such systems must address convenience also in the household interior. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
42.
  • Björklund, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Recycling revisited - life cycle comparisons of global warming impact and total energy use of waste management strategies
  • 2005
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 44:4, s. 309-317
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Recycling of waste materials has been analysed from a life cycle perspective in a number of studies over the past 10-15 years. Publications comparing the global warming impact and total energy use of recycling versus incineration and landfilling were reviewed in order to find out to what extent they agree or contradict each other, and whether there are generally applicable conclusions to be drawn when certain key factors are considered. Four key factors with a significant influence on the ranking between recycling, incineration, and landfilling were identified. Producing materials from recycled resources is often, but not always, less energy intensive and causes less global warming impact than from virgin resources. For non-renewable materials the savings are of such a magnitude, that apparently the only really crucial factor is what material is replaced. For paper products, however, the savings of recycling are much smaller. The ranking between recycling and incineration of paper is sensitive to for instance paper quality, energy source avoided by incineration, and energy source at the mill.
  •  
43.
  • Blomberg, Jerry, et al. (author)
  • The economics of secondary aluminium supply: An econometric analysis based on European data
  • 2009
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 58:8, s. 455-463
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economics of secondary aluminium supply in Western Europe. We derive a supply model of secondary aluminium recovery and recycling, which integrates microeconomic theory of production with a dynamic model of scrap generation and accumulation. The supply function contains the secondary output price, a vector of input prices, and a measure of the size of the stock of old aluminium scrap. The model is estimated using pooled cross-section and annual time-series data for four European countries, Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom, over the time period 1983-2000. The estimated own-price elasticity of secondary aluminium supply is low (0.21) as is the supply response to changes in the stock of old scrap. The empirical results are useful for analyzing market behavior and policy impacts in the secondary aluminium market. The low supply responses to changes in the output price can - in combination with the high-income elasticity of material demand - help explain the observed price volatility of secondary aluminium prices. They also suggest that price-based policies influencing the supply side of the market may only have limited impacts on aluminium recycling rates, and that national collection of aluminium scrap is likely to have small influences on secondary aluminium production internationally.
  •  
44.
  • Bolos, Laura Andreea, et al. (author)
  • Consumer preferences for visually sub-optimal food: Role of information framing and personal goals
  • 2022
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 184
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study investigates how framing in relation to environmental consequences directs consumers to prioritize among gain, hedonic, and normative goals when accepting suboptimal food to reduce food waste. A random sample of 1,704 United States consumers completed a three-wave survey instrument, including repeated discrete choice experiments. Goals related to gains deteriorated substantially over time. Goals for reducing environmental impact by purchasing sub-optimal food were stronger and more time-invariant. There was no increase in goal strength for reduce environmental impact due to the type information provided. Furthermore, there was no support for a lower decrease across time in normative goal strength due to exposure to positive framing. There were combined effects of information and time, respectively. Five latent groups were identified. These results are relevant for actions to increase the acceptance of suboptimal food, finding that differences in consumer preferences are attributable to goal type and goal strength.
  •  
45.
  • Brancoli, Pedro, 1989-, et al. (author)
  • Bread loss rates at the supplier-retailer interface – Analysis of risk factors tosupport waste prevention measures
  • 2019
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; , s. 128-136
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper quantifies bread waste throughout the Swedish supply chain and investigates the loss rate of prepackagedbread products at the supplier-retailer interface. The goal is to understand the extent of bread waste inSweden and to identify risk factors for high quantities of waste at the supplier-retailer interface, in order toprovide information supporting waste prevention measures. The study uses primary data, in combination withnational statistics and data from sustainability reports and the literature. Primary data were collected from 380stores of a Swedish retail company and a bakery. Bread waste was calculated to be 80 410 tons/year in Sweden,the equivalent of 8.1 kg per person/year, and was found to be concentrated at households and in retail, specificallyat the supplier-retailer interface. The results provide evidence that take-back agreements between suppliersand retailers, where the retailer only pays for sold products and the supplier bears the cost of the unsoldproducts and their collection and treatment, are risk factors for high waste generation. Current business modelsmay need to be changed to achieve a more sustainable bread supply chain with less waste.
  •  
46.
  • Brancoli, Pedro, 1989-, et al. (author)
  • Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste
  • 2017
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 118, s. 39-46
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Retail is an important actor regarding waste throughout the entire food supply chain. Although it produces lower amounts of waste compared to other steps in the food value chain, such as households and agriculture, it has a significant influence on the supply chain, including both suppliers in the upstream processes and consumers in the downstream. The research presented in this contribution analyses the impacts of food waste at a supermarket in Sweden. In addition to shedding light on which waste fractions have the largest environmental impacts and what part of the waste life cycle is responsible for the majority of the impacts, the results provide information to support development of strategies and actions to reduce of the supermarket's environmental footprint. Therefore, the food waste was categorised and quantified over the period of one year, the environmental impacts of waste that were generated regularly and in large amounts were assessed, and alternative waste management practices were suggested. The research revealed the importance of not only measuring the food waste in terms of mass, but also in terms of environmental impacts and economic costs. The results show that meat and bread waste contributes the most to the environmental footprint of the supermarket. Since bread is a large fraction of the food waste for many Swedish supermarkets, this is a key item for actions aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of supermarkets. Separation of waste packaging from its food content at the source and the use of bread as animal feed were investigated as alternative waste treatment routes and the results show that both have the potential to lead to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the supermarket.
  •  
47.
  • Brandén Klang, Anders, 1967-, et al. (author)
  • Sustainable management of combustible household waste-Expanding the integrated evaluation model
  • 2008
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 52:8-9, s. 1101-1111
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A previously described model for the evaluation of sustainability in waste management has been expanded and applied to biodegradable and other combustible household waste. The model was applied to a case-study focusing on the special conditions in a municipality in the sparsely populated region of northern Sweden. In this region it is usual that the collection distances are long, the volume of waste is low and treatment facilities are remote. Four scenarios for the management of municipal household waste were compared: incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting and landfilling. A system analysis was performed to ensure that each scenario fulfil all the functions that the waste could provide (heat, electricity, fuel, and soil with a high nutrient content) and a sensitivity analysis was carried out to test the reliability of the results. The results show that the evaluation model can be used to assess the sustainability aspects of different treatment scenarios for combustible household waste. The model also allows for an individual interpretation of the results presented, depending on the choice of priorities. The effects of varying the time horizons and the difference in impact depending on what fuels are ultimately replaced in energy production are discussed.
  •  
48.
  • Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Paradigms on landfill mining : From dump site scavenging to ecosystem services revitalization
  • 2017
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 123, s. 73-84
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (
  •  
49.
  • Böckin, Daniel, 1989, et al. (author)
  • How product characteristics can guide measures for resource efficiency - A synthesis of assessment studies
  • 2020
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 154
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A circular economy aims at decoupling value creation from resource throughput. For circular economy to contribute to environmental and resource improvements, there is need for critical assessments regarding in what general situations, beyond individual cases, solutions may lead to improvements. On the product-level, there is need for synthesized knowledge accounting for a wide range of contexts and environmental impacts. We investigate what resource efficiency (RE) measures result in reduced physical flows and environmental impacts, depending on the characteristics of products and their life cycles. The study is limited to physical measures on a product system level, irrespective of manner of implementation. A library of comparative assessments (primarily life cycle assessments and material flow analyses) was built, covering a wide range of products and RE measures. A framework was formulated for analysing for which product characteristics a measure tends to improve RE, and under which contexts there are trade-offs to take into account. For example, sharing of products is best suited for durable and infrequently used products that tend not to reach their full technical lifetime. A trade-off is that sharing can increase transportation for accessing shared stock. The identified key product characteristics were: whether products are consumable or durable, active or passive, typically used for their full technical lifetimes or discarded before being worn out, the product’s frequency of use and whether function remains at a product’s end of use. Pace of development matters for suitability of measures for active, durable products, while complexity is relevant for restorative measures and recycling.
  •  
50.
  • Carlsson, My, et al. (author)
  • Importance of food waste pre-treatment efficiency for global warming potential in life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion systems
  • 2015
  • In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 102, s. 58-66
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A need for improvement of food waste (FW) pre-treatment methods has been recognized, but few life cycle assessments (LCA) of FW management systems have considered the pre-treatment with respect to input energy, loss of organic material and nutrients for anaerobic digestion (AD) and/or further treatment of the refuse. The objective of this study was to investigate how FW pre-treatment efficiency impacts the environmental performance of waste management, with respect to global warming potential (GWP). The modeling tool EASETECH was used to perform consequential LCA focusing on the impact of changes in mass distribution within framework conditions that were varied with respect to biogas utilization and energy system, representing different geographical regions and/or different time-frames. The variations of the GWP due to changes in pre-treatment efficiency were generally small, especially when biogas and refuse were substituting the same energy carriers, when energy conversion efficiencies were high and slurry quality good enough to enable digestate use on land. In these cases other environmental aspects, economy and practicality could be guiding when selecting pre-treatment system without large risk of sub-optimization with regards to GWP. However, the methane potential of the slurry is important for the net LCA results and must be included in the sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, when biogas is used as vehicle fuel the importance of pre-treatment is sensitive to assumptions and approach of modelling marginal energy which must be decided based on the focus and timeframe of the study in question
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Result 1-50 of 245
Type of publication
journal article (237)
research review (7)
conference paper (1)
Type of content
peer-reviewed (240)
other academic/artistic (5)
Author/Editor
Forssberg, Eric (9)
Strid, Ingrid (7)
Söderholm, Patrik (6)
Hansson, Per-Anders (6)
Gustavsson, Leif (5)
Svanström, Magdalena ... (5)
show more...
Björklund, Anna (5)
Menad, Nourreddine (4)
Peters, Gregory, 197 ... (4)
Baky, Andras (4)
Eklund, Mats (4)
Plepys, Andrius (4)
Björklund, Anna, 197 ... (4)
Steenari, Britt-Mari ... (3)
Olsson, Gustaf (3)
Björkman, Bo (3)
Carlsson, M (3)
Sundberg, Cecilia (3)
Kärrman, Erik (3)
Janssen, Mathias, 19 ... (3)
Bolton, Kim (3)
Ljunggren Söderman, ... (3)
Molander, Sverker, 1 ... (2)
Jonsson, H (2)
Jin, Yi (2)
Lagerkvist, Carl-Joh ... (2)
Hakkarainen, Minna (2)
Gustafsson, Jon-Pett ... (2)
Engström, Fredrik (2)
Arvidsson, Rickard, ... (2)
Tysklind, Mats (2)
Nordelöf, Anders, 19 ... (2)
Bhattacharya, Prosun (2)
He, J (2)
Tidåker, Pernilla (2)
Brandt, Nils (2)
Anderberg, Stefan (2)
Jönsson, Pär (2)
Sverdrup, Harald (2)
Richter, Jessika Lut ... (2)
Dalhammar, Carl (2)
Vinnerås, Björn (2)
Milios, Leonidas (2)
Pugh, R.J. (2)
Dalemo, Magnus (2)
Harder, Robin (2)
Simha, Prithvi (2)
Frostell, Björn (2)
Lundgren, Tommy (2)
Ammenberg, Jonas (2)
show less...
University
Royal Institute of Technology (55)
Chalmers University of Technology (41)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (36)
Luleå University of Technology (35)
RISE (28)
Lund University (25)
show more...
Linköping University (21)
Mid Sweden University (14)
Uppsala University (12)
Linnaeus University (9)
University of Gothenburg (7)
Mälardalen University (6)
University of Borås (5)
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (5)
University of Gävle (3)
Högskolan Dalarna (3)
Umeå University (2)
Stockholm University (2)
Karlstad University (2)
Halmstad University (1)
Örebro University (1)
Jönköping University (1)
Karolinska Institutet (1)
show less...
Language
English (245)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
Engineering and Technology (165)
Natural sciences (61)
Social Sciences (50)
Agricultural Sciences (26)
Medical and Health Sciences (1)
Humanities (1)

Year

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Close

Copy and save the link in order to return to this view