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  • Result 1-11 of 11
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  • Blane, Alison, et al. (author)
  • Assessing Cognitive Ability and Simulator-Based Driving Performance in Poststroke Adults
  • 2017
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Driving is an important activity of daily living, which is increasingly relied upon as the population ages. It has been well-established that cognitive processes decline following a stroke and these processes may influence driving performance. There is much debate on the use of off-road neurological assessments and driving simulators as tools to predict driving performance; however, the majority of research uses unlicensed poststroke drivers, making the comparability of poststroke adults to that of a control group difficult. It stands to reason that in order to determine whether simulators and cognitive assessments can accurately assess driving performance, the baseline should be set by licenced drivers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive ability and driving simulator performance in licensed community-dwelling poststroke drivers and controls. Two groups of licensed drivers (37 poststroke and 43 controls) were assessed using several cognitive tasks and using a driving simulator. The poststroke adults exhibited poorer cognitive ability; however, there were no differences in simulator performance between groups except that the poststroke drivers demonstrated less variability in driver headway. The application of these results as a prescreening toolbox for poststroke drivers is discussed.
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4.
  • Hansen, Cerine C., et al. (author)
  • Mechanisms Underlying Aggressive Behavior Induced by Antiepileptic Drugs : Focus on Topiramate, Levetiracetam, and Perampanel
  • 2018
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 2018
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective against seizures, but their use is often limited by adverse effects, among them psychiatric and behavioral ones including aggressive behavior (AB). Knowledge of the incidence, risk factors, and the underlying mechanisms of AB induced by AEDs may help to facilitate management and reduce the risk of such side effects. The exact incidence of AB as an adverse effect of AEDs is difficult to estimate, but frequencies up to 16% have been reported. Primarily, levetiracetam (LEV), perampanel (PER), and topiramate (TPM), which have diverse mechanisms of action, have been associated with AB. Currently, there is no evidence for a specific pharmacological mechanism solely explaining the increased incidence of AB with LEV, PER, and TPM. Serotonin (5-HT) and GABA, and particularly glutamate (via the AMPA receptor), seem to play key roles. Other mechanisms involve hormones, epigenetics, and "alternative psychosis" and related phenomena. Increased individual susceptibility due to an underlying neurological and/or a mental health disorder may further explain why people with epilepsy are at an increased risk of AB when using AEDs. Remarkably, AB may occur with a delay of weeks or months after start of treatment. Information to patients, relatives, and caregivers, as well as sufficient clinical follow-up, is crucial, and there is a need for further research to understand the complex relationship between AED mechanisms of action and the induction/worsening of AB.
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5.
  • Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al. (author)
  • Imitation in Autism: A preliminary research note
  • 1992
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 5:4, s. 219-227
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Previous studies have claimed that children with autism are poor imitators and a lack of imitative capacity has been included by some investigators as one early sign of autism. Presented here are results from a pilot study focusing on observed imitation after presenting 15 tasks to five children with autism (mental age 25-51 months). Imitation tasks involving simple object manipulation, vocal responses, facial and manual gestures, and object substitution were presented to each child. The performance of the children with autism is compared with (1) three normaI4-year-old children (for all 15 tasks), and (2) observations from 28 healthy l-year-olds (for 10 of the tasks used). The findings indicate that the autistic group displayed the highest level of imitation on object manipulation and vocal tasks while object substitution, facial, and motor imitation acts seemed to be difficult for children with autism. However, the small number of children included as well as the individual variation observed among the autistic subjects precludes any definite conclusions from these pilot observations. It is hypothesized that imitation in children with autism has to be studied separately for different domains and probably also for different subgroups within autistic population.
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6.
  • Johanson, Mirja, et al. (author)
  • How to assess ictal consciousness?
  • 2011
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 24:1, s. 11-20
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Despite the complexity and methodological difficulties in defining the concept consciousness, it is a central concept in epileptology, and should thus be tractable for scientific analysis. In the present article, a two-dimensional model consisting of concepts related to the level and the contents of consciousness will be presented. This model has been found to be well suited for the description of seizure-induced alterations of consciousness, and is supported both by findings from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies as well as from phenomenological studies. Further, we will review both traditional introspective methods as well as methods that have recently been developed or utilized in epilepsy research, summarize the main findings concerning first person experiences during epileptic seizures acquired with some of these methods, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
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  • Latini, Francesco, et al. (author)
  • The Classical Pathways of Occipital Lobe Epileptic Propagation Revised in the Light of White Matter Dissection
  • 2015
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The clinical evidences of variable epileptic propagation in occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) have been demonstrated by several studies. However the exact localization of the epileptic focus sometimes represents a problem because of the rapid propagation to frontal, parietal, or temporal regions. Each white matter pathway close to the supposed initial focus can lead the propagation towards a specific direction, explaining the variable semiology of these rare epilepsy syndromes. Some new insights in occipital white matter anatomy are herein described by means of white matter dissection and compared to the classical epileptic patterns, mostly based on the central position of the primary visual cortex. The dissections showed a complex white matter architecture composed by vertical and longitudinal bundles, which are closely interconnected and segregated and are able to support specific high order functions with parallel bidirectional propagation of the electric signal. The same sublobar lesions may hyperactivate different white matter bundles reemphasizing the importance of the ictal semiology as a specific clinical demonstration of the subcortical networks recruited. Merging semiology, white matter anatomy, and electrophysiology may lead us to a better understanding of these complex syndromes and tailored therapeutic options based on individual white matter connectivity.
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9.
  • Papakokkinou, Eleni, et al. (author)
  • Mental Fatigue and Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome in Remission
  • 2015
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) in remission often suffer from impaired quality of life and cognitive dysfunction. The primary aim was to investigate the occurrence of mental fatigue, characterized by mental exhaustion and long recovery time following mentally strenuous tasks, in patients with CS in remission. The secondary aim was to examine whether the newly developed parts C and D of the trailmaking test (TMT) are more sensitive, compared to the conventional parts A and B, to evaluate attention and executive function. This was a cross-sectional study including 51 patients with CS in remission and 51 controls. All subjects completed the self-administrated mental fatigue scale (MFS) and performed all four parts of the TMT. The patients had worse outcome on all components of the MFS except for sensitivity to noise. After adjustment for mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety, the patients performed worse only on part D of the TMT (P < 0.05). Mental fatigue is common in patients with CS in remission and can be captured by using the MFS. The most demanding part of the TMT, part D, is more useful to capture cognitive deficits in patients with CS in remission compared to the conventional parts A and B.
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10.
  • Stenberg, Maud, et al. (author)
  • Cognitive impairment after severe traumatic brain injury, clinical course and impact on outcome : a Swedish-Icelandic study
  • 2015
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - New York : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective. To assess the clinical course of cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with severe TBI (sTBI) from 3 weeks to 1 year after trauma and to study associations with outcomes at 1 year.Methods. Prospective, multicenter, observational study of sTBI in Sweden and Iceland. Patients aged 18-65 years with acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3-8 were assessed with the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Outcome measures were Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale-Revised (RLAS-R).Results. Cognition was assessed with the BNIS assessed for 42 patients out of 100 at 3 weeks, 75 patients at 3 months, and 78 patients at 1 year. Cognition improved over time, especially from 3 weeks to 3 months. The BNIS subscales "orientation" and "visuospatial and visual problem solving" were associated with the GOSE and RLAS-R at 1 year.Conclusion. Cognition seemed to improve over time after sTBI and appeared to be rather stable from 3 months to 1 year. Since cognitive function was associated with outcomes, these results indicate that early screening of cognitive function could be of importance for rehabilitation planning in a clinical setting.
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11.
  • Stålnacke, Britt-Marie, 1955-, et al. (author)
  • Long-Term Follow-Up of Disability, Cognitive, and Emotional Impairments after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
  • 2019
  • In: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 2019
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim. To assess the clinical course of disability, cognitive, and emotional impairments in patients with severe TBI (s-TBI) from 3 months to up to 7 years post trauma. Methods. A prospective cohort study of s-TBI in northern Sweden was conducted. Patients aged 18-65 years with acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3-8 were assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) at 3 months, 1 year, and 7 years after the injury. Results. The scores on both GOSE and BNIS improved significantly from 3 months (GOSE mean: 4.4 +/- 2.3, BNIS mean: 31.5 +/- 7.0) to 1 year (GOSE mean: 5.5 +/- 2.7, p=0.003, BNIS mean: 33.2 +/- 6.3, p=0.04), but no significant improvement was found from 1 year to 7 years (GOSE mean: 4.7 +/- 2.8, p=0.13, BNIS mean: 33.5 +/- 3.9, p=0.424) after the injury. The BNIS subscale "speech/language" at 1 year was significantly associated with favourable outcomes on the GOSE at 7 years (OR=2.115, CI: 1.004-4.456, p=0.049). Conclusions. These findings indicate that disability and cognition seem to improve over time after s-TBI and appear to be relatively stable from 1 year to 7 years. Since cognitive function on some of the BNIS subscales was associated with outcome on the GOSE, these results indicate that both screening and follow-up of cognitive function could be of importance for the rehabilitation of persons with s-TBI.
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  • Result 1-11 of 11
Type of publication
journal article (10)
research review (1)
Type of content
peer-reviewed (10)
other academic/artistic (1)
Author/Editor
Stenberg, Maud (2)
Ragnarsson, Oskar, 1 ... (1)
Heimann, Mikael, 195 ... (1)
Stålnacke, Britt-Mar ... (1)
Saveman, Britt-inger (1)
Dukic Willstrand, Ta ... (1)
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Falkmer, Torbjörn, 1 ... (1)
Aldskogius, Håkan (1)
Rönnberg, Jerker (1)
Papakokkinou, Eleni (1)
Andelic, N (1)
Sigurdardottir, S (1)
Arango-Lasprilla, JC (1)
Godbolt, AK (1)
Stålnacke, Britt-Mar ... (1)
Andin, Josefine (1)
Rudner, Mary (1)
Levi, Richard (1)
Ryttlefors, Mats (1)
Gillberg, Christophe ... (1)
Latini, Francesco (1)
Berglund, Peter (1)
Revonsuo, Antti (1)
Johansson, Birgitta, ... (1)
Lee, Hoe C. (1)
Blane, Alison (1)
Ljung, Hanna (1)
Nygren-de Boussard, ... (1)
Godbolt, Alison K (1)
Hjortberg, Mats (1)
Valli, Katja (1)
Dahlgren, Sven-Olof (1)
Hansen, Cerine C. (1)
Brodtkorb, Eylert (1)
Reimers, Arne (1)
Ullsatdius, Eva (1)
Kosmidis, Mary H. (1)
Karampela, Olympia (1)
Johanson, Mirja (1)
Tsotsi, Stella (1)
Takou, Eleni (1)
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Linköping University (4)
Umeå University (3)
Karolinska Institutet (2)
University of Gothenburg (1)
Uppsala University (1)
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VTI - The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (1)
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Language
English (11)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
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