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Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Alm, Håkan, et al. (author) Co-design Research and Business Development : Case of Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) 2014 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 27:5, s. 465-483 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Co-design practices are carried out in different fields of studies. Some of the key advocates of Co-design originate from business. In this study the four steps of Co-design approach is applied. From the first step of Co-design, through interviews, log analysis and a channel survey, findings show that the failed dialogues with Avatar Eva are mainly concerned with five factors: interactivity; dialogue capability; consistency; knowledge; and synonyms. In the second step, carrying out customer workshops, we suggested ten ideal scenarios for Avatar Eva to perform better. In the third step, SAS decision makers decided to implement the first three scenarios: Eva’s synonyms; knowledge and Eva’s consistency. In the fourth step, another channel survey was carried out as well as a new log analysis to know the impact of the redevelopment above three scenarios. An important result of the study was that the company adopted a continuous use of Co-design as an approach of continuous improvement of the service quality performed by the Avatar Eva. It also opens a new set of questions framing the relation and transformation between Co-design as a research approach for knowledge creation and Co-design as a method for innovation and service quality improvements. The study presents an Extended Co-design Model, which illustrates how the Co-design inspires staff to use it for other functions within and without the SAS.
2.	Andersson, Pia, 1968, et al. (author) Constructive Scaffolding or a Procrustean Bed? Exploring the Influence of a Facilitated, Structured Group Process in a Climate Action Group 2018 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 31:3, s. 327-345 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper we present a case of a structured, facilitated group process with a climate action group engaged in a local Transition initiative. We explore how the interacting contexts between action researchers and the group acted as a constraint for the trajectory of the group process, by looking at the mismatches between the group’s and the researchers’ purposes and differences in expectations about methods of engagement. A methodological framework was used for evaluating the outcomes. The primary aim of this article was to investigate and point out dynamics that may be a hindrance to the effectiveness of a facilitated local climate initiative, with the view to inform facilitation practices and improve future action research processes.
3.	Bergvall-Kåreborn, Birgitta, et al. (author) Basic principles of SSM modeling : an examination of CATWOE from a soft perspective 2004 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 17:2, s. 55-73 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper examines the SSM technique CATWOE, which focuses on defining necessary elements that together constitute a human activity system from a certain perspective. Despite its recognition within the literature and its numerous uses, there are few studies on how the technique can be improved. This research reflects on each of the elements both from a theoretical and a practical perspective. Findings point to the fact that some of the terms have a meaning in everyday language that differs from its definition within CATWOE. Other concepts are not well-defined. This is unfortunate and may both lead to misunderstandings and limit analysis. The paper points to a number of ways in which the use of CATWOE can be developed in order to further support the process of eliciting novel ideas for future actions. Hence, the overall conclusion is that the elements need to be rethought and some of them renamed.
4.	Bergvall-Kåreborn, Birgitta (author) Qualifying function in SSM modeling : a case study 2002 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 15:4, s. 309-330 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In a previous paper the author introduced a concept called qualifying function as a conceptual tool for modeling and design. The concept was incorporated into the modeling phase of soft systems methodology (SSM), with the purpose of addressing some of the criticism directed toward the methodology, such as its tendency to result in regulatory, rather than radical, agendas for change. It was argued that the concept had the potential to help people in a particular problem situation to view the situation from new and different perspectives and that it could enrich the conceptual models by giving the transformation process a direction. The aim of this paper is to apply the concept, embedded in SSM, to a case study involving two projects, focused on creating new work opportunities, to explore the practical applicability and usefulness of the concept, both in general and as a part of the modeling phase of SSM
5.	Bergvall-Kåreborn, Birgitta (author) The role of the qualifying function concept in systems design 2001 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 14:1, s. 79-93 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper I explore potential benefits with using the concept qualifying function as a tool for systems design. The concept originates from the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd and refers to the function or character that guides and directs the internal structure of an entity or activity. This means that if the qualifying function for an entity or activity changes, its structure as a whole will change as well. Due to this, the concept and its related theory can help people to view situations from new and different perspectives and to explore the consequences of different views. It can provide a common base for the design around which accommodation more easily can be reached and from where further discussions can be continued. Finally, it has the potential to point at fundamental differences of opinion between participants and stakeholders.
6.	Carlsson, Liesel, et al. (author) Assessing Community Contributions to Sustainable Food Systems : Dietitians Leverage Practice, Process and Paradigms 2021 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 34:5, s. 575-601 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Food systems are not sustainable, and efforts to address this are paralyzed by the complex networks of food system actors and factors that interact across sectoral and geographic scales. Actions at the community level can positively contribute toward globally sustainable food systems (SFS). Assessing such contributions has two central challenges: 1) a lack of methods that support alignment between communities and across scales, balanced against the need to involve the community in developing relevant indicators; and 2) the absence of adequate, fine grained data relevant to the community. Addressing these two challenges, this paper illustrates a proposed procedure that supports community engagement with, and assessment of, their contributions. Engaged by a community of Canadian dietitians, researchers used the Delphi Inquiry method, guided by the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, to address the first challenge, and causal loop diagrams informed by the Cultural Adaptation Template to address the second. Indicators were developed for dietitian-identified actions and outcomes for SFS. Modeling indicator interactions provide insight into how some actions are influenced by and reinforce the value placed on SFS within the professional cultural paradigm, as well as priority areas for action and measurement. Process-oriented assessment is useful in the context of partial and subjective understandings of a dynamic system, and supports continual adjustment in action. This article offers theoretical and practical insight for community engagement in addressing some of the systemic challenges in food systems. It accommodates community-based knowledge, applies process-indicators, and emphasizes the importance of cultural paradigms as a driving force of community-level actions, and overall system change. Under current conditions, facilitating SFS literacy among dietitians can amplify adaptations for broader SFS development. © 2020, The Author(s).
7.	de Raadt, J. Donald R., et al. (author) Normative Evaluation of Community Projects: A Multimodal Systems Approach 2004 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 17:2, s. 83-102 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper introduces an evaluation method for community projects based on the multimodal systems approach. The method differs from the common mechanistic approach to evaluation in four ways. Firstly, it uses the long-term life (viability) of a community as the ultimate criteria of evaluation. Secondly, it is normative; that is, it focuses on the responsibility of people to their own community and for managing their own lives. Thirdly, it is dynamic; it identifies factors that threaten a community and examines their dynamic link and long-term impact on the community. Fourthly, it evaluates the adequacy of a community activity (good practice) to help ensure its long-term viability. The method is illustrated with a European Union sponsored project.
8.	Eksvärd, Karin, et al. (author) Integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research and Systems Ecology: A Potential for Sustainable Agriculture Transitions 2010 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 23, s. 467-486 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article explores the potential of integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) and Systems Ecology (SE) for improving research capability in facilitating sustainable development transitions in agriculture. Goal conflicts that arose in a PLAR group working on sustainability issues in small-scale organic tomato production are analysed from the perspective of SE. The possibility to improve agency for sustainable development by the merger of PLAR and SE are discussed. It is concluded that the approaches together could provide a sounder base for systemic research and transitions in agriculture.
9.	Eriksson, Darek M., 1969-, et al. (author) Postmodernity and systems science : An evaluation of J.-L. Le Moigne's contribution to the management of the present civilization 1997 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - London : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 10:4, s. 395-408 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this text, a French school of systems thought is evaluated with reference to its contribution to postmodernity. The main conclusion is that this system provides some pertinent contribution but that there are also some domains where it does not provide much help. Both these domains are identified and discussed. The text starts with a discussion of the postmodern challenge. This is followed by a presentation and critical evaluation of the theory under consideration. The latter gives rise to the Discussion and Conclusion.
10.	Eriksson, Darek, 1969-, et al. (author) On the Usefulness of the Ackoff–Gharajedaghi Model of System Types for the Design of Business Systems 2004 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - London : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 17:2, s. 75-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Ackoff–Gharajedaghi Model of System Types distinguishes 3 fundamental empirical systems: deterministic, animate, and social, with regard to their purpose. It has been formulated as a meta-model to support understanding, selection, and formulation of management models and theories. It is argued here that this model is also valuable for the interpretation and design of actual, empirical business systems. A study of a malfunctioning business is presented and interpreted with the Ackoff–Gharajedaghi Model, which supports this argument. Additionally, the study shows a pragmatic value of the proposed “Imperative of Goals Alignment” for the design of business systems, which is an operationalization of the Ackoff–Gharajedaghi Model. Furthermore, the investigation illustrates the importance of clear goals and incentives in business design; and it supports the thesis of the Ackoff–Gharajedaghi Model that management models and theories, founded upon empirical observations of deterministic and animate systems, impose limitations on the design of business systems.
11.	Foss, Lene, et al. (author) The engaged researcher - From translator to literary change agent 2007 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 20:1, s. 27-39 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this article we reflect upon an integrated approach to action research. The role of the engaged researcher is empirically addressed by using longitudinal field experiences. We take a narrative approach and tell three stories from the field. In analysing the stories we propose a transition of the role of the engaged researcher, from that of a translator of general theory and contextual practices to one of a literary change agent. The literary change agent inspires practitioners by means as concepts, metaphors and storytelling. We suggest that the narrative approach can bring a new and critical flavour to the previously under-explored area of the role of the researcher in action research.
12.	Fröding, Karin, 1974-, et al. (author) A community-based participatory research process in a poor Swedish neighbourhood 2015 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 28:1, s. 19-36 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Health is not equally distributed and various neighbourhoods differ from each other in terms of people’s health and other social and economic variables. Numerous efforts are undertaken to develop healthier and more sustainable neighbourhoods, and a key concern in the process is citizen participation. Due to the challenge of conducting research in poor neighbourhood’s complementary research approaches with a more practice-based and democratic knowledge development are needed. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a partnership pproach that aims to conduct collaborative knowledge production and to use the research indings for public health interventions. This paper sets out to describe and analyse a community-academic partnership and a CBPR process within a poor neighbourhood in Sweden. Two years of fieldwork were conducted at 26 meetings comprising 84 h in a CBPR group including a researcher, and lay and professional stakeholders. Participatory observation and detailed meeting process-notes were used when doing a qualitative thematic analysis. Eight different developmental phases was identified in the implementation of a CBPR process and four key lessons were found to be important. These were that a community-academic partnership should (1) accept different levels of participation in different phases; (2) openly discuss mutual expectations and individual prerequisites; (3) unmask power and authority; and (4) allow the work to take the time it needs. The design, process, and result of the CBPR project are relevant for local community-academic partnerships using a CBPR approach with the goal of increasing participation as a means of improving people’s health and well-being in poor neighbourhoods.
13.	Geidne, Jonny, 1971-, et al. (author) Implementation structure and participation at neighbourhood level : a multiple case study of neighbourhood development in Sweden 2012 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 25:4, s. 305-322 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The last decades have seen the emergence of the settings approach in Health Promotion one example is the Healthy City initiative which was launched by European division of WHO in 1990. In 2003, four Swedish municipalities accordingly signed a contract on a Partnership for Sustainable Welfare Development. One of the objectives was to promote participation, influence, and health at a neighbourhood level by focusing on one housing area in each municipality. These housing areas constitute the setting of this study. The purpose is to examine the implementation structures in the municipalities, and how variations in the implementation structure affect differences in integration of community participation. A triangulation of methods was used in building up a case study database: semi-structured key informant interviews with 29 stakeholders in the municipalities; examination of solicited and unsolicited documents; and participatory observations which included repeated visits to the neighbourhoods. The results show that the greater the visibility of community participation policy is in the implementation structure the greater is the integration of community participation in the neighbourhood renewal work. Two explanatory factors have been identified. The first is that making the community participation policy visible in the implementation structure results in more appropriate strategies for mobilizing the community in the neighbourhood renewal work. The second is that the municipal governing of the neighbourhood renewal allows more space for community participation when the policy is visible in the implementation structure.
14.	Haftor, Darek (author) An Evaluation of R.L. Ackoff’s Interactive Planning : A Case-based Approach 2011 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 24:4, s. 355-357 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Russell L. Ackoff developed the Interactive Planning (IP) methodology as a conceptual tool to guide systematic and systemic development of organizations. One of its unique features is that such development should be ideal-oriented. IP has been well-received within the Systems Thinking community in particular; where more than 300 applications of IP are mentioned. However, it has not been easy to answer the question: “does the use of IP enable that which it is proposing to enable?” as there have been no systematic, empirically grounded, and critically oriented, evaluations of IP. This study attempts to offer such an evaluation. In this case, IP was employed to support a comprehensive development of a Department within a company. This IP application was evaluated using a set of predefined evaluation criteria derived from the IP as such and also from its critique. The results suggest that IP is indeed a powerful methodology to guide organizational development. While IP has several positive merits, a set of limitations were identified and serve here as a basis for deriving recommendations for the practitioners of IP and also suggestions of areas that merit further IP research.
15.	Hansson, Thomas (author) Leadership by Activity Theory and Professional Development by Social Construction 2002 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Kluwer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 15:5, s. 411-436 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Culture and human development come together as one. Contradictions and challenges abound in the transformation of social practices of leadership and management. Globalization, organizational, and professional development bring local realities together. Research must embrace characteristic discourses in order to constitute a modified perspective to current approaches. Research must direct attention to the predominant conceptions of leaders, contexts, and relations. Leaders are “discoursed objects” capable of individual action, acting rationally in order to structure their contexts. Their ability to relate to others is an individual act and a source to progress. Good discourses displace attitudes, personal properties, and individual acts and highlight relations. One shift of attention goes from transcendental notions of truth, right, and suitability to local–historical constructions of reality. Another shift goes from reality as a singular and independent state to multiple socially constructed realities. In the processes of social construction people create individual worlds where unique relations emerge. Coordinated training and research enable different modes of relating to each other in systemic practice.
16.	Hansson, Thomas (author) Learning by Action Research : A Policy for School Development. 2003 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Kluwer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 16:1, s. 37-51 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this article I define a project organization as action research. Thus defined, the approach presents a method for experiential learning among educators who develop as learners in an educational setting. Second, the approach describes a method for focusing on research related to change in classroom didactics brought about by the mediating instruments educators discover and use so as to overcome their own learning anxiety. Third, action research and academic investigation are described as a method for integrating theory with practice. Finally, action research is outlined as an effort for social justice—the way knowledge usually develops by social construction.
17.	Hansson, Thomas (author) Workplace Logics, Kinds of Knowledge and Action Research 2006 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 19:2, s. 189-200 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Workplace logics signify attitudes that employees express in close interaction, formal decision-making and collaborative interventions. The term covers a metaphorical mental context rather than a mathematically coherent understanding of social control mechanisms that influence interlocutors in cooperative activity. Workplace logics relate to future-oriented choices that employees make so as to obtain targeted production goals. But logics also hold an explanatory potential. They enable for the researcher to account for social systems that need to be designed before they are acted on. The objective for analysing workplace logics is to turn attention away from language and focus on activity systems. Successful action research facilitates for individual and organizational learning, the latter of which is rarely fulfilled in contemporary research.
18.	Holgersson, Stefan, 1967-, et al. (author) Pragmatic Dilemmas in Action Research: Doing Action Research With or Without the Approval of Top Management? 2015 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 28:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article problematizes a basic assumption that action research should be conducted in terms of acceptance by management. The importance of approval from the responsible stakeholders at the work practice, which is the subject of action research, has traditionally been emphasized in academic literature. External pressure can constrain an organisation to initiate and fulfil different types of needs for change. In this article we address the question of whether it is appropriate to accomplish action research in a way that creates pressure on an organisation to act. If the public risks suffering as a result of an organisation´s inability or unwillingness to identify and rectify serious problems, there are strong arguments to answer “yes” to this question. This answer is particularly relevant when it comes to governmental organisations. The public has a legitimate requirement that tax-financed organisations should be well-functioning. This article illustrates how action research can put pressure on a work practice, and discusses the problems and challenges of this type of research design. An important contribution to action research literature based on this paper is that it shows that the dilemma in action research of balancing practice interests and those of science is not just about dealing with a dual agenda. The interest of the practice interests is multi-faceted. This paper points at the relationship between action research and principles for conducting critical research in information systems. Practical implications that can be drawn based on this paper are for example that it clarifies the challenge of different considerations that may be eligible in action research.
19.	Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus (author) Dialogue and Revolution : Proposal for Critical - Pragmatic Recursive Praxis to Support Operationalisation of Methodological Virtues 2012 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 26:2, s. 173-193 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Systemic Practice and Action Research (SPAR) denotes a family of approaches with different theoretical foundations, the constructive encounter between which may propel the movement forward. A persistent scholarly debate persists between the so-called emancipatory and pragmatic strands, motivating perceptions of the impossibility to jointly accomplish both ‘dialogical’ and ‘revolutionary’ commitments of the movement. This reflects that SPAR is still grappling with how to maintain a normative foundation while prioritising local change processes, thus reconciling what is universally ‘right’ with the locally ‘good’ in order to foster an operational view of the nature of reciprocity and justification. In this paper, I mobilise experiences from five action research projects in the field of natural resource governance to undertake a methodological introspection to examine how we as SPAR professionals may negotiate our approach during project implementation and the encounter of concrete realities and stakeholder interests. The objective is to offer an alternative view on the relationship between the ‘dialogical’ and the ‘revolutionary’ elements of SPAR; a view which rejects a dichotomisation in favour of a critical-pragmatic recursive praxis that depends on the capacity of the researcher to negotiate methodological virtues with co-researchers in the process.
20.	Kummelstedt, Christopher (author) The Role of Hierarchy in Realizing Collective Leadership in a Self-Managing Organization 2023 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1573-9295 .- 1094-429X. ; 36:3, s. 355-375 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article is about leadership in a self-managing organization. Empirically, it is grounded in a participatory action research study stretching over two years, oriented around the following question: how does instances of hierarchical leadership and collective leadership interact across different dimensions of power in a self-managing organization? The article concludes that although this self-managing organization is largely governed in the day-to-day through collective leadership, this outcome still relies on hierarchical management of discourse and the processes which replace authority. That is, the article concludes that there is a dynamic between hierarchical and collective forms of leadership in this specific self-managing organization that serves to make its mode of self-management viable. In terms of practice, the results suggests that truly radical decentralization of decision making in the day-to-day is possible and can be highly effective. Furthermore, perhaps counterintuitively, results suggests that there can be a role for quite pronounced hierarchical leadership in making collective leadership flourish – at least when transitioning from a managerial hierarchy. Further research into this area might study organizations that are originally started as self-managing organizations and see if the same role for hierarchical management of collective leadership exists also in this type of case. © 2022, The Author(s).
21.	Kurti, Erdelina, et al. (author) Towards a Viable Knowledge Environment within an Academic Institution 2024 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study presents a Viable System Model diagnosis of the academic structure in the form of Knowledge Environment focusing on digital transformation. Data has been collected through interviews complemented with document analysis. This research has identified several challenges mainly in terms of structural alignment between two recursive levels. In addition, we discuss how the viability of the Knowledge Environment can be strengthened by redefining roles and responsibilities of different systems. This research contributes to the scholarly work on the Viable System Model application to academic institutions. The case in focus cuts across several faculties and departments raising known challenges as identified in related research and new challenges found through the diagnosis. In this research we apply a soft systems lens combining two systems approaches, Rich Picture from Soft Systems Methodology and Viable System Model to diagnose and discuss the complexity of the dynamic knowledge environment, as well as to explore initial ideas for further enhancing its viability.
22.	Löfstedt, Ulrica, et al. (author) Social Media as a Mean for Improved Technical Communication 2016 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 29:4, s. 297-312 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Technical communication (TC) is an important activity in order to provide the users of technical artifacts with necessary information concerning the operation and maintenance of the products they are using. In the current working procedures of TC, however, the users become too passive. They are just receivers of information. Further, there is no effective feedback from the users to the producers of the information. In order to overcome those problems we here propose an application of social media (SM) in future TC. By using SM as a complementary channel for TC it becomes possible for technology firms to boost their competitive advantage and to improve the quality and completeness of their TC. This technique, however, is still more of a potential and less of a reality. Several problems, mostly concerning security and confidentiality remain to be solved. The empirical base for this work comes from TIC, an EU-funded development project involving several Swedish technology companies. Published research results are somewhat scattered but several sources coherently indicate both the need and potential for SM as a vehicle in TC. By scanning the net it is further possible to identify a number of seemingly successful applications of SM in such applications.
23.	Löfstedt, Ulrica (author) Social Systems Design as a Vehicle Towards Local Public e-Services for and by Citizens 2007 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 20:6, s. 467-476 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The need for increased user participation and involvement in the process of designing and developing public e-Services has been emphasized in recent years. User involvement is critical to success in the development and implementation of public e-Services, and many visions and efforts are focused on citizen participation in the design and development process. In this article, concepts of Social Systems Design are analysed in the context of local public e-Services in order to improve potential to meet the requirements for user participation and involvement. Results show that the ideas of Social Systems Design, where applicable, can contribute to user-centred development of local public e-Services, and can form a foundation for the development of methods that utilize user participation and involvement. However, further research requires empirical studies.
24.	Melander, Anders, 1962-, et al. (author) Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Collaborative Research—in Dialogues We Trust 2022 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 35, s. 655-677 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract By building upon the prior work exploring the nature of practicing and knowing in collaborative research (CR), this article argues that focusing on how trust evolves in collaborative dialogue could enhance the learning potential in CR projects. Drawing from 42 workshops within a CR project, we analyze how dialogue and learning practices develop trust. We use the dialogical framework developed by Walton and Krabbe (1995) to identify and classify 107 dialogues. From our data, we identify three distinct dialogical patterns (educating, inquiring and practicing). These three dialogical patterns are related to four learning practices that are conceptualized as knowledge sharing, knowledge gapping, knowledge bettering and knowledge speculating. Combined, these dialogical patterns and learning practices develop collaborative trust in CR projects. We propose that these results represent an emerging conceptual language that addresses the development of trust in managing CR projects. This conceptual language can both improve managerial practice in the CR context and inspire future theory building.
25.	Nyberg, Johan (author) You are Seldom Born with a Drum Kit in Your Hands: Music Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Knowledge and Learning Within Music Education as an Assessment Practice 2016 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 29:3, s. 235-259 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Due to an increased demand for evaluation and accountability, the focus on assessment in public education has become stronger. Already leading to teachers’ depro- fessionalization, another risk is assessment leading to criteria compliance and becoming a tool for measuring teaching quality. Those whose learning is affected are thereby not only students, but also teachers. One major factor to restore professionalism and focus assessment on learning is to change practitioners’ ways of thinking and not only their behaviour. Therefore, a group of seven music teachers and a researcher in music education have carried out a research and development project using participatory action research as approach as well as method. This article explores and presents these upper secondary school music teachers’ conceptualizations of musical knowledge, learning and educational communication working with peers. Using Deweyan pragmatism as a lens to interpret the qualitative data, the results show that while a professional language does exist, the music teachers’ conceptual- izations of musical knowledge and learning and educational approaches differ. A key aspect for the teachers to develop their professional language, concepts and assessment practices is the teachers’ opportunities to communicate—both factual as well as perceived.
26.	Nyström, Christina Amcoff (author) Design rules for Intranets according to the Viable System Model 2006 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 19:6, s. 523-535 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Viable System Model, VSM, by Stafford Beer is a model used for diagnosing and designing organizational structure and communication to facilitate necessary and sufficient conditions for viability. The model has been used for diagnosing different kinds of organizations at different levels where its use highlights existing or missing communication patterns and information flows in different communication channels and relates findings to a viable system. In a previous article, VSM and Intranet have been discussed and examples of advantages of combining the two concepts when designing organizations, has been given. In this article, VSM is combined with Intranet and possible functions in an intranet that support information exchange between different systems are identified and described. The suggested functions identified in this article are finally related to Intranet use modes, and the concepts of Empowerment vs. control.
27.	Roos, Johan, et al. (author) From Fitness Landscapes to Knowledge Landscapes 1999 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 12:3, s. 279-293 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Based on the complexity theory concept of fitness landscapes, this article develops and discusses the concept of "knowledge landscapes." A knowledge landscape is a metaphor describing the ever-changing potential knowledge peaks and valleys that surround each one of us. Individuals, communities, and organizations move on their own knowledge landscapes by simultaneously climbing local peaks and exploring other visible peaks. The higher one climbs, the harder it is to climb still higher. Our ability to climb is also limited by our identity, who we are, which on an organizational level is linked to the tightness of organizational interconnectedness. Coevolutionary struggles between individuals and organizations can lead us to climb potential knowledge peaks faster. Moreover, our knowledge landscapes exist on many levels of scale, meaning that what appears to be one peak is actually a series of subpeaks on a smaller level of scale.
28.	Rose, Jeremy, et al. (author) Bridging worlds : information systems development through cross-cultural comparison 2012 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 25:6, s. 511-536 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
29.	Williander, Mats, 1956, et al. (author) Going green from the inside: Insider action research in Volvo Car Corporation 2006 In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-9295 .- 1094-429X. ; 19:3, s. 239-252 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Various forms of action research have been proposed as remedies for the one-sided focus on theoretical interests existing in Business School research. Among other conceptual elaborations, Insider Action Research (IAR) suggests that action research needs to be supported by an insider's view of activities in order to achieve any substantial contribution to practice and theory. Even though the IAR model is potentially capable of overcoming a number of practical, political, and epistemological problems, it has been explored relatively little in terms of practical examples and lessons. This paper presents the account of an Insider Action researcher at the Volvo Car Corporation, aimed at studying the development of environmental strategies and "eco-benign" automobiles "from the inside". The paper suggests that even though IAR remains a promising model, the political ingenuity and savoir-faire of the insider action researcher must not be underrated.
30.	Carpenter, JD, et al. (author) Life Sciences Investigations for ESA's First Lunar Lander 2010 In: EARTH MOON AND PLANETS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 107:1, s. 11-23 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
31.	Kaufmann, Erika, et al. (author) Melting and Sublimation of Planetary Ices Under Low Pressure Conditions: Laboratory Experiments with a Melting Probe Prototype 2009 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - : Springer. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 105:1, s. 11-29 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
32.	Kero, Johan, et al. (author) Power fluctuations in meteor head echoes observed with the EISCAT VHF radar 2004 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 95:1-4, s. 633-638 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present observations and preliminary results from a meteor experiment carried out with the 224 MHz EISCAT VHF radar in Tromsø, Norway, which was run for 6 h on November 26, 2003. The data set contains echoes with peculiar pulsations in received power in the frequency range 20–200 Hz, limited by instrumental parameters. The process causing the echo power pulsations has not yet been identified. Plasma effects are the most likely cause, a possible mechanism is for instance asymmetrical dust grains in rotation causing a modulation of the ionization rate.
33.	Lindblad, Bertil Anders, et al. (author) IAU meteor database of photographic orbits - Version 2003 2003 In: Earth, Moon and Planets. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 93:4, s. 249-260 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The IAU Meteor Data Center in Lund has acted as a central depository for meteor orbits obtained by photographic, video and radar techniques. The database of precisely reduced photographic meteors contains data on 4581 meteor orbits obtained by 17 different stations or groups in the period 1936-1996. The orbital and geophysical data are available in two separate files as well as in an alternative file with the merged data. In various studies of meteoroid streams as well as in studies of the sporadic meteor background, it is often necessary to utilize both the orbital and the geophysical data files. Since the database is a compilation of partial, not perfectly compatible catalogues from many observing stations, the merging of parameters from one data set to another may sometimes present problems. The present contribution is a note on some problems encountered in the merging procedure. Moreover, it is evident that the database includes a small amount of erroneous data - either in the observations or in the subsequent data reductions. The latter error is not surprising in view of the lack of modern computers at several stations in the past. A final, corrected version of the IAU MDC Lund photographic meteor orbits (eq. 2000.0) can now be requested through the homepage of the Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences (http://www.astro. sk/(similar to)ne/IAUMDC/Ph2003/database.html).
34.	Meisel, David D., et al. (author) Physical Characteristics of Kazan Minor Showers as Determined by Correlations with the Arecibo UHF Radar 2008 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 102:1-4, s. 315-322 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In the northern hemisphere, the month of February is characterized by a lack of major meteor shower activity yet a number of weak minor showers are present as seen by the Kazan radar. Using the Feller transformation to obtain the distribution of true meteor velocities from the distribution of radial velocities enables the angle of incidence to be obtained for the single beam AO (Arecibo Observatory) data. Thus the loci of AO radiants become beam-centered circles on the sky and one can, with simple search routines, find where these circles intersect on radiants determined by other means. Including geocentric velocity as an additional search criterion, we have examined a set of February radiants obtained at Kazan for coincidence in position and velocity. Although some may be chance associations, only those events with probabilities of association[0.5 have been kept. Roughly 90 of the Kazan showers have been verified in this way with mass, radius and density histograms derived from the AO results. By comparing these histograms with those of the ‘‘background’’ in which the minor showers are found, a qualitative scale of dynamical minor shower age can be formulated. Most of the showers are found outside the usual ‘‘apex’’ sporadic source areas where it is easiest to detect discrete showers with less confusion from the background.
35.	Meisel, David D., et al. (author) Quantitative Comparison of a New Ab Initio Micrometeor Ablation Model with an Observationally Verifiable Standard Model 2008 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 102:1-4, s. 411-415 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Arecibo UHF radar is able to detect the head-echos of micron-sized meteoroids up to velocities of 75 km/s over a height range of 80–140 km. Because of their small size there are many uncertainties involved in calculating their above atmosphere properties as needed for orbit determination. An ab initio model of meteor ablation has been devised that should work over the mass range 10-16 kg to 10-7 kg, but the faint end of this range cannot be observed by any other method and so direct verification is not possible. On the other hand, the EISCAT UHF radar system detects micrometeors in the high mass part of this range and its observations can be fit to a ‘‘standard’’ ablation model and calibrated to optical observations (Szasz et al. 2007). In this paper, we present a preliminary comparison of the two models, one observationally confirmable. Among the features of the ab initio model that are different from the ‘‘standard’’ model are: (1) uses the experimentally based low pressure vaporization theory of O’Hanlon (A users’s guide to vacuum technology, 2003) for ablation, (2) uses velocity dependent functions fit from experimental data on heat transfer, luminosity and ionization efficiencies measured by Friichtenicht and Becker (NASA Special Publication 319: 53, 1973) for micron sized particles, (3) assumes a density and temperature dependence of the micrometeoroids and ablation product specific heats, (4) assumes a density and size dependent value for the thermal emissivity and (5) uses a unified synthesis of experimental data for the most important meteoroid elements and their oxides through least square fits (as functions of temperature, density, and/or melting point) of the tables of thermodynamic parameters given in Weast (CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry, 1984), Gray (American Institute of Physics Handbook, 1972), and Cox (Allen’s Astrophysical Quantities 2000). This utilization of mostly experimentally determined data is the main reason for calling this an ab initio model and is made necessary by the fact that individual average meteoroid mass densities are now derivable from Arecibo observations.
36.	Shkolyar, S., et al. (author) Identifying Shocked Feldspar on Mars Using Perseverance Spectroscopic Instruments : Implications for Geochronology Studies on Returned Samples 2022 In: Earth, Moon and Planets. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 126:2 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The Perseverance rover (Mars 2020) mission, the first step in NASA’s Mars Sample Return (MSR) program, will select samples for caching based on their potential to improve understanding Mars’ astrobiological, geological, geochemical, and climatic evolution. Geochronologic analyses will be among the key measurements planned for returned samples. Assessing a sample’s shock history will be critical because shock metamorphism could influence apparent sample age. Shock effects in one Mars-relevant mineral class, plagioclase feldspar, have been well-documented using various spectroscopy techniques (thermal infrared reflectance, emission, and transmission spectroscopy, Raman, and luminescence). A subset of these data will be obtained with the SuperCam and SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) instruments onboard Perseverance to inform caching decisions for MSR. Here, we review shock indicators in plagioclase feldspar as revealed in Raman, luminescence, and IR spectroscopy lab data, with an emphasis on Raman spectroscopy. We consider how this information may inform caching decisions for selecting optimal samples for geochronology measurements. We then identify challenges and make recommendations for both in situ measurements performed with SuperCam and SHERLOC and for supporting lab studies to enhance the success of geochronologic analyses after return to Earth.
37.	Skorov, Y, et al. (author) Thermophysical modelling of Comet P/Borrelly : Effects of volume energy absorption and volume sublimation 2002 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 90:1, s. 293-303 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this work, we continue revising the theoretical basis of numerical models describing the transport of matter and energy inside a porous dust-ice mixture at low temperature. A model of a light-absorbing near-surface layer of a comet nucleus is investigated. Gas transport is considered simultaneously with the solution of the general heat transfer equation. The quasi-stationary temperature distribution and the H2O mass flux and sublimation rate are computed for a nucleus model of comet 19P/Borrelly at the Deep Space 1 (DS1) encounter. The energy is deposited in a layer of about 20 particle radii: This corresponds to a solid-state greenhouse effect. The surface temperature of the layer-absorbing model as well as the gas production rate are significantly smaller than the ones in the surface-absorbing model. An active fraction of 40-50% would be required to explain the observed water production rate of P/Borrelly with our layer-absorption model at the time of the DS1 encounter.
38.	Szasz, Csilla, et al. (author) Estimated visual magnitudes of the EISCAT UHF meteors 2008 In: Earth, moon, and planets. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-9295 .- 1573-0794. ; 102:1-4, s. 373-378 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We have investigated the conditions for simultaneous meteor observations with the EISCAT UHF radar system and telescopic optical devices. The observed characteristics of 410 meteors detected by all three UHF receivers are compared with model simulations and their luminosity is calculated as a part of a meteoroid ablation model using a fifth order Runge–Kutta numerical integration technique. The estimated absolute visual magnitudes are in the range of +9 to +5. The meteors should therefore be observable using intensified CCD or EMCCD (Electron Multiplying CCD) cameras with telephoto lenses. A possible setup of a coordinated radar and optical campaign is suggested.
39.	Muntean, Adrian, 1974-, et al. (author) Interface conditions for fast-reaction fronts in wet porous mineral materials : the case of concrete carbonation 2009 In: Journal of Engineering Mathematics. - : Springer. - 0022-0833 .- 1573-2703. ; 65:1, s. 89-100 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reaction–diffusion processes, where slow diffusion balances fast reaction, usually exhibit internal loci where the reactions are concentrated. Some modeling and simulation aspects of using kinetic free-boundary conditions to drive fast carbonation reaction fronts into unsaturated porous cement-based materials are discussed. Providing full control on the velocity of the reaction front, such conditions offer a rich description of the coupling between transport, reaction, and change in the shape of the a priori unknown time-dependent regions. New models are formulated and validated by means of numerical simulations and experimental data.
40.	Lanamäki, Arto, et al. (author) Latent Groups in Online Communities: a Longitudinal Study in Wikipedia 2018 In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7551 .- 0925-9724. ; 27:1, s. 77-106 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Research on online communities has shown that content production involves manifest groups and latent users. This paper conceptualizes a related but distinct phenomenon of latent groups. We ground this contribution in a longitudinal study on the Finnish Wikipedia (2007–2014). In the case of experts working on content within their area of expertise, individuals can constitute a group that maintains itself over time. In such a setting, it becomes viable to view the group as an acting unit instead of as individual nodes in a network. Such groups are able to sustain their activities even over periods of inactivity. Our theoretical contribution is the conceptualization of latent groups, which includes two conditions: 1) a group is capable of reforming after inactivity (i.e., dormant), and 2) a group is difficult to observe to an outsider (i.e., non-manifest).
41.	Nyström, Kristina (author) The Institutions of Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurship : Evidence from Panel Data 2008 In: Public Choice. - : Springer. - 0048-5829 .- 1573-7101. ; 136:3-4, s. 269-282 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper provides new evidence on the determinants of entrepreneurship across countries. The paper investigates the relationship between the institutional setting, in terms of economic freedom, and entrepreneurship, measured by self-employment, in a panel data setting covering 23 OECD countries for the period 1972-2002. The measure of economic freedom includes five aspects: size of government, legal structure and security of property rights, access to sound money, freedom to trade internationally, and the regulation of credit, labour and business. The empirical findings show that a smaller government sector, better legal structure and security of property rights, as well as less regulation of credit, labour and business tend to increase entrepreneurship.

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