| 1. |
- ANDERSSON, CBM, et al.
(author)
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CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION FROM (III)-TYPE INAS SURFACES
- 1994
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 4:C9, s. 209-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The InAs(111)2x2 and InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surfaces have been studied with high resolution core level spectroscopy. For the InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surface both the In 4d and the As 3d core levels display strong surface core level shifts, while for the InAs(111)2x2 surface only the In 4d level shows a detectable surface shift. The results indicate that the InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surface is relaxed, with atom layer displacement extending to subsurface layers. Unexpectedly, we find no surface shifted anion core level for the InAs(111)2x2 surface.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Prestraining and Training on the γ→ε Transformation in Fe-Mn-Si Alloys
- 1995
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 5:C8, s. 457-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of training and predeformation on the martensitic transformation is investigated. It is concluded that MS as a function of predeformation strain must have a maximum at around 3% strain. Prestrains less than 5% will enhance the martensitic transformation whereas larger prestrains depress it due to strain hardening of the γ phase.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The Influence of External Stresses on the Transformation Behaviour in a Fe-Mn-Si Alloy
- 1997
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 7:C5, s. 411-416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of external stresses on the transformation behaviour has been studied for a polycrystalline Fe-3 IMn-SSi alloy exhibiting the y-+& martensitic transformation. Samples have been loaded at temperatures above the M, temperature, cooled with a constant external load to a temperature below the M, temperature and subsequently heated without load to a temperature above the A, temperature of the alloy. Stress, strain and temperature have been continuously measured and transformation temperatures and strains have been determined from the change in strain during the transformation. It has been found that the M, temperature during cooling with load is not influenced by 0.3-2 % plastic pre-deformation of the austenite whereas there is a substantial increase in the transformation strain, i.e. variants with a favourable orientation are enhanced by pre-strain of austenite.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bertolo, M, et al.
(author)
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Photoemission spectromicroscopy study of a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystal
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV - Proceedings. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 104, s. 487-490
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using photoemission spectromicroscopy at sub-micron lateral resolution we studied two superconductor systems of high fundamental and practical importance, such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and MgB2. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering, for this class of systems, the possible presence of spatial inhomogeneities in interpreting the results of conventional photoemission experiments, which typically probe an area of the order of 1 mm(2). In particular, in the case of MgB2, we report a measured density of states directly comparable to the theoretical predictions, thus rejecting the claim for the existence of strong correlation effects proposed by previous spatially averaged measurements.
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| 7. |
- Bhand, Sunil, et al.
(author)
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Coupled biosensor, biomimetic and chemometrics strategies for analysis of the metals in complex environmental matrices
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV - Proceedings. - : EDP Sciences. - 1764-7177 .- 1155-4339. ; 107, s. 169-172
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An analytical strategy to determine metals in environmental samples contaminated with both organophosphate pesticides and metals is presented. In the first step, parathion and arsenate were determined separately. Inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase was quantified employing an enzyme thermistor and also with a CCD camera. Subsequently, parathion mixed with arsenate was measured. A molecularly imprinted polymer catalyst was then introduced as a pre-column to degrade OPs. The catalytic MIP enabled the measurement of metal from the mixture containing OPs. Hydrolysis of parathion, ethyl paraoxon, O-Ethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-phenylphosphonothioate EPN and dichlorvos were monitored by using catalytic MIPs in the enzyme thermistor. Finally, inhibition patterns of parathion and arsenate were obtained employing multivariate analysis. The patterns generated after eliminating the OPs can be used for monitoring and mapping of metals in various environmental matrices.
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| 8. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(author)
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Geogenic arsenic in groundwaters from Terai Alluvial Plain of Nepal
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 107, s. 173-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origin and mobility of arsenic (As) in the groundwater environment has received serious attention in recent years. Recent studies have reported naturally occurring As in groundwaters of the Terai Alluvial Plains (TAP) in southern Nepal, where groundwater exploitation has increased since the 1960s. The source of As in TAP is geogenic and leached primarily due to weathering of As bearing rocks and sediments in the Himalayas. In our present study, we have investigated the groundwater chemistry in the central part of the TAP in Nawalparasi district. TAP groundwaters are near-neutral to alkaline, with predominantly reducing character and high HCO3-, low SO4- and NO3- concentrations. Elevated HCO3 levels possibly result due to the oxidation of organic matter, low SO42- levels reflect sulfate reduction. Elevated NH4+ concentrations in these groundwaters suggest dissimilatory nitrate reduction in the aquifers. Total arsenic (As,.,) levels in groundwater varied from 1.7 mug/L to as high as 404 mug/L with dominance of As(III) species and elevated levels of dissolved Fe and Mn. Arsenic is mobilized in groundwaters as a result of desorption of As-oxyanions adsorbed onto Fe- and Mn-oxides as well as reductive dissolution of these surface reactive phases from the sediments along with release of As in anoxic groundwaters.
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| 9. |
- da Silva, A. F., et al.
(author)
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Electronic properties of intrinsic and heavily doped AlN and GaN
- 2006
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 132, s. 105-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a theoretical study of the electronic structure, optical properties, and the effective masses of AlN and GaN based on the local density approximation (LDA) within the density functional theory (DFT), employing the first-principles, full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. We also describe the effects on the electronic properties of the semiconductors due to heavily n- and p-type doping. The critical concentration N-c for the doping-induced metal-nonmetal (MNM) transition in both n- and p-type is calculated.
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| 10. |
- de Groot, J., et al.
(author)
-
Improved liquid-jet laser-plasma source for X-ray microscopy
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 104, s. 121-122
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We increase the x-ray flux from a liquid-jet laser-plasma x-ray source by optimizing the target geometry. A new nozzle fabrication method allows us to produce stable microscopic liquid jets with a wide range of diameters. The improved x-ray flux is demonstrated by optimizing the diameter of an ethanol liquid-jet for our 3 ns, square=532 nm Nd:YAG laser and measuring the flux at the square=3.37 rim C VI emission line. Preliminary data suggest that the x-ray flux can be increased by more than a factor of 4 compared to previous experiments. The goal is to significantly reduce the exposure time of our laser-plasma-based compact x-ray microscope by improving the source.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fruke, R., et al.
(author)
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Imaging of a laser plasma source at 13 nm wavelength approaching submicrometer resolution
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 104, s. 153-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range is of interest for lithography and microscopy. Laser produced plasmas are sources for this kind of radiation. For successful usage it is necessary to study the source properties like size, stability and emitted spectra. For the spatial characterization of such a source a beamline was built up. The source was imaged at 13, 15 and 17 nm wavelength and at different laser energies with a resolution of better than 2 mum. As target material ethanol was used which was excited by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (lambda=532 nm; 3 ns, 30 Hz). The source was mapped with a zone plate (KZP5: d=2500 mum, Deltar(n)=0,523 mum). With a magnification of 61 the images were taken with a thinned back-illuminated CCD. Additionally a periodic structure was mapped with micrometer resolution, too.
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| 13. |
- Ganghoffer, J.F., et al.
(author)
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Martensitic transformation plasticity simulations by finite elements
- 1994
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 4, s. C3-215-C3-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanical behaviour associated to the martensitic transformation has been modelled using a 2D FE description. The martensite variants are constituted of different elements of the mesh and four different variants are allowed to transform in the grain. The transformation progress is prescribed using a thermodynamical criterion based on the maximal work associated to the variant formation. Transformation plasticity deformation and plates orientation patterns are obtained for three stress levels. These results are discussed in regard to the model used and the physical parameters introduced in the model.
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| 14. |
- Ganghoffer, J.F., et al.
(author)
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Mechanical and thermodynamical study of a macroscopically coherent phase transition : Case of the martensitic transformation
- 1991
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 1, s. C4-89-C4-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the general framework of a macroscopically coherent phase transition, the mechanical and thermodynamical behaviour of a two-phase volume element under structural evolution will be investigated and discussed. The identification of internal entropy production will then allow to formulate a general evolution condition for such a system and the internal stress state will appear to influence strongly the transformation behaviour, via the interface. The case of a martensitic transformation is considered. From that rigourous mechanical approach, we obtain the thermodynamical balance equation used for martensitic transformation.
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| 15. |
- Ganghoffer, J. F., et al.
(author)
-
Micromechanical simulation of a martensitic transformation by Finite Elements
- 1991
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 1, s. C4-77-C4-82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A micromechanical model describing the martensitic transformation on the grain scale has been developed, using Finite Elements. First results gained from the simulation illustrate how the morphological evolution within the grain is directly controlled by the internal stress state. The reversible and irreversible part of transformation "plasticity" strain and their evolution with the transformation can then be obtained from these calculations.
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| 16. |
- Grünfeld, Katrin
(author)
-
Interactive visualization applied to multivariate geochemical data : A case study
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 107, s. 577-580
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geochemical survey data have commonly been analysed combining methods from several disciplines - statistics, geostatistics, geographic information technology, visualization. In initial stages of analysis, tables are often used to describe the data and present statistical measures. For too often the original data are manipulated in one or another way, for example, using mathematical transformations, or interpolation of points to a surface. It is the author's opinion that raw geochemical data should be used in initial stages of data description, thus preserving the original details. This is not a simple task, as geochemical data are commonly complex, multivariate, and collected on irregular grid. Data contain outliers, element contents vary within thousands of ppm (parts per million), and different chemical elements may be correlated. In the present study a graphical approach has been used to study distribution of 5 heavy metals in glacial till. Using interactive visualization and multiple linked views of the data, the following issues were addressed: multi-element outliers, spatial trends, multi-element correlations and patterns. Interactive graphical techniques proved to be especially suitable for studying outliers and identifying and locating samples that are redundant and may be removed from data without loss of information. Visualization using linked views gave valuable insights about metal correlations and spatial trends. As the development of appropriate tools for analysing multivariate spatial data are still in its early stages, visualization freeware seems to be a good alternative providing powerful, easy to use and intuitive techniques for exploratory data analysis.
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| 17. |
- Hertz, Hans M., et al.
(author)
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Liquid-jet laser-plasma X-ray sources for microscopy and lithography
- 2001
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 11:PR2, s. 389-396
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the development of compact laser-plasma soft x-ray sources based on microscopic liquid-drop or liquid-jet targets. It is shown that such sources provide practically debris-free, high-flux operation at water-window and EUV wavelengths. This regenerative and solid-density target system holds promise for the generation of high-average power using high-repetition-rate lasers. Application of the source to compact x-ray microscopy, multi layer-op tics characterization and EUV lithography is briefly discussed.
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| 18. |
- Hertz, Hans M., et al.
(author)
-
Table-top X-ray microscopy : Sources, optics and applications
- 2003
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 104, s. 115-119
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed the first operative compact sub-visible-resolution x-ray microscope for the water-window region (lambda = 2.3 - 4.4 nm). The microscope is based on a 100 Hz liquid-jet-target laser-plasma x-ray source, normal-incidence multilayer condenser optics, diffractive zone plate optics and CCD detection. In the present article we emphasize the system's aspects and summarize the recent progress on the components, all aiming at the reduction of the exposure time of a few seconds, i.e., similar to bending-magnet based microscopes. This primarily includes improved laser-plasma source, improved condenser optics using Cr/Sc multilayers, and improved image handling capability using wavelet algorithms. Such compact short-exposure time microscopes would significantly increase the applicability of the technology.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Olof
(author)
-
Present limitations of models for predicting chloride ingress into reinforced concrete structures
- 2006
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 136, s. 123-130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Models to predict chloride ingress are numerous but all of them have serious limitations that restrict the present use for long term predictions. An overview is given of the fundamental differences between various models, from those based on Fick's 2nd with constant or time-dependent diffusion coefficients and surface chloride contents, to those based on chloride transport equations with or without a multi-species approach. The key advantages and limitations of each type of model are identified and the research needs are summarized and discussed. The three main limitations are shown to be (i) the lack of understanding the time-dependency of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficients, (ii) the lack of good long-term data, the chloride content increase with time close to the exposed surface and (iii) the difficulties in quantifying the boundary conditions for sophisticated ingress models.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Olof, et al.
(author)
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The moisture conditions of nuclear reactor concrete containment walls - an example for a BWR reactor
- 2006
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 136, s. 141-150
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method is presented on how to quantify the moisture conditions of nuclear concrete containment walls. The method is based on first quantifying the boundary conditions at the outer and inner surfaces and then describing the moisture fixation and moisture transport within the concrete wall. The temperature and humidity conditions of the outdoor air and of the air close to the wall surfaces are monitored for a period of time and the vapour contents in the different points are compared. From the differences between the vapour contents the sources of moisture are identified and quantified. The previous and future climatic conditions are then predicted. An example is given for the conditions in the containment walls at Barseback nuclear power plant, where moisture measurements have been performed in situ and on samples taken from the walls.
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| 23. |
- Skoglund, P, et al.
(author)
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Constitutive modelling and mechanical properties of a nitrogen alloyed steel
- 2000
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 10:P9, s. 701-706
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanical behaviour of a nitrogen alloyed steel has been investigated. Tensile tests have been done at nominal strain rates from 10(-3) to 800 s(-1). The results are discussed in terms of material modelling and constitutive parameters for the Johnson and Cook model are proposed. At large strain rates the effect of adiabatic heating complicates the evaluation of the model constants. It is shown that significant errors in the predicted flow stress may occur if parameters determined under adiabatic conditions are used for isothermal deformation modes, or vice versa. The effect of temperature increase during the uniform part of the deformation is further discussed, and a simple finite element model for calculation of the temperature evolution with strain and strain rate is presented. The results are incorporated in the Johnson and Cook model, thus improving the agreement between model prediction and experimental data.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Tomas, S. A., et al.
(author)
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Optical properties of rhodamine 6G-doped TiO2 sol-gel films
- 2005
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 125, s. 415-417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The optical properties of titania (TiO2) thin films prepared by the sol-gel process and doped with rhodamine 6G were studied by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Rhodamine 6G-doping was achieved by adding 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05% y 0.1% mol rhodamine to a solution that contained titanium isopropoxide as precursor. Two absorption regions were distinguished in the absorption spectrum of a typical rhodamine 6G-doped TiO2 film. A shift of these bands occured as a function of rhodamine 6G-doping concentration. In addition, the optical absorption and band gap energy for rutile-phase TiO2 films were calculated employing the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. A comparison of these calculations with experimental data of TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel at room temperature was performed.
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| 26. |
- Zheng-Johansson, JX, et al.
(author)
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The peaked structure of phonon density of states of a confined superfluid - a theoretical prediction, and discussions regarding its experimental probe
- 2000
-
In: Journal de Physique IV. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 10:P7, s. 181-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on an exact, first principles result which shows that when the superfluid of He-4 is spatially confined, gaps are created in the phonon excitation energy and that the phonon density of states (PDOS) presents sharp peaks positioned at the gap edges. This finding complements our knowledge of the physics occurring in a spatially confined quantum system, for the superfluid of He-4 in particular, this has been shown to result in the critical velocity of a flow motion. Here, we first derive an exact expression of the PDOS of a confined superfluid, and then discuss related aspects regarding the probing of the detailed structure of the peaked PDOS using inelastic neutron scattering.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Albert, F, et al.
(author)
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Laser produced X-ray source in the 10-60 keV range at 1 kHz. Modified irradiation schemes in order to reach medical imaging quality
- 2001
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In: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339. ; 11:PR2, s. 429-432
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By tightly focusing ultra-short pulses from a Ti:sapphire terawatt laser onto a high-Z metallic target, hard x-ray pulses of short duration are produced. In most of our previous work concerning x-rays, a 150 mJ laser pulse with a 110 A duration has been used. Using mostly tin and tantalum targets, hard x-rays in the 10-60 keV range have been produced and used in differential absorption imaging around the K-alpha absorption edge of a contrast agent and also in imaging employing gated viewing for suppression of scattered radiation. In order to increase the x-ray yield (shortening the acquisition time) an increase in the laser repetition rate is desirable while still staying in the K-alpha energy regime. We have used a I kHz repetition-rate laser delivering 35 fs pulses in order to work towards these goals. We have clear evidence of hard x-ray generation above 30 keV, even for low laser pulse energies. We also studied the effect of a fs prepulse. The medical imaging capability of the source was explored. The use of a prepulse has been optimized in order to improve the image quality as well as the overall x-ray generation yield.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Dunn, JH, et al.
(author)
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In situ MCD magnetometry in the ultrathin limit: Fe on Cu(100)
- 1997
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In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : EDITIONS PHYSIQUE. - 1155-4339. ; 7:C2, s. 383-387
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- By means of Magnetic Circular Dichroism in X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy we investigated the magnetic properties of fct Fe films stabilised by epitaxial growth on the Cu(100) surface. These are compared to bcc like Fe films. The films were characterised i
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hårsta, Anders
(author)
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Halide CVD of dielectric and ferroelectric oxides
- 2001
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In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - 1155-4339. ; 11:PR3, s. 223-230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thin films of dielectric and ferroelectric oxide films can be expected to play an increasingly important role in many future applications. Potential applications include areas such as the communication sector, radar, IR detectors, memories, integrated opt
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Karin
(author)
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Gas-phase stability of c-BN clusters
- 2001
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In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - 1155-4339. ; 11:PR3, s. 423-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stability of various cluster-sizes of H- and F-terminated c-BN, compared to corresponding clusters of h-BN, has been investigated theoretically using the ab initio molecular orbital method at the MP2 order of theory. For comparison, a corresponding in
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| 35. |
- Liberman, MA
(author)
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Hydrogen-like excitons in a high magnetic field
- 2000
-
In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : E D P SCIENCES. - 1155-4339. ; 10:P5, s. 311-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A high magnetic field, such that the distance between the Landau levels exceeds the binding energy of an exciton, gives an opportunity to create Various new states of matter, i.e., exciton crystal, excitonic molecular complexes, Bose-Einstein condensate o
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| 36. |
- Liberman, MA
(author)
-
On the dynamics and stability of imploding wire arrays
- 2000
-
In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : E D P SCIENCES. - 1155-4339. ; 10:P5, s. 219-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The experimental evidence made in SANDIA that the use of a large numbers of wires in the wire-array load enables to generate very high X-ray power stimulates to reconsider stability of the wire array implosion. Z-pinch implosions of cylindrical arrays of
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| 37. |
- Liberman, MA
(author)
-
On the theory of supernova type Ia explosion
- 2000
-
In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : E D P SCIENCES. - 1155-4339. ; 10:P5, s. 467-472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A self-consistent model of white dwarf burning in Supernova Ia events is presented which includes the consequent stages of the flame, the spontaneous explosion and the detonation. The flame is ignited locally at several points near the center of the star.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Nordgren, EJ
(author)
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Recent progress in resonant soft X-ray fluorescence studies of molecules
- 1997
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In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : EDITIONS PHYSIQUE. - 1155-4339. ; 7:C2, s. 9-20
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A review is presented of some recent advancements in resonant soft X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy applied to molecules. The usefulness of resonant excitation for obtaining site selectivity in studies of the valence band electronic structure of multieleme
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Wende, H, et al.
(author)
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Surface atomic-XAFS for nitrogen atoms on copper
- 1997
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In: JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. - : EDITIONS PHYSIQUE. - 1155-4339. ; 7:C2, s. 211-212
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The presence of oscillatory structures in the atomic x-ray absorption background is reported for the first time for surface EXAFS of c(2x2)NiCu(100) and (2x3)N/Cu(110). The experimental data for N/Cu(110) are compared to FEFF7 calculations of the oscillat
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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