| 1. |
- Mattsson, Hans-Åke, et al.
(author)
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The real service life of road bridges
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680 .- 1478-4637 .- 1751-7664. ; 160:4, s. 173-179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bridges form an important part of a nation's road system and require large capital investment. The number of bridges in a nation's bridge stock is seldom constant from one year to another as new bridges are built and old structures are demolished. This paper, based on a case study of 1170 bridges demolished in Sweden during a 15-year period (1990-2005), describes the real life span for various types of road bridges. The major reasons for demolition of bridges are addressed and survival analysis for different types of road bridges is introduced.
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| 2. |
- Mulligan, Joseph, et al.
(author)
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An ‘engineer-client’ framework for community participation in infrastructure development projects
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4637 .- 1751-7664 .- 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of community participation in projects in the developing and developed world is widely recognised, despite considerable debate regarding what participation means in practice. In the developing world context, there is a distinct debate on how participation can achieve its stated goals of creating ‘ownership’ among targeted beneficiaries without becoming susceptible to elite capture or excluding marginalised groups. Projects that involve engineering analysis present a further challenge: to incorporate external technical expertise in decision-making so that project outcomes are improved, without compromising the participative process. The paper sets out a practical framework that reconciles the critical importance of early, meaningful community involvement in decision-making with the active role of the engineer as a technical adviser and facilitator. It is targeted for application in community-scale infrastructure development projects, where the community is the primary targeted beneficiary. The framework draws a parallel with a traditional engineer–client relationship, in which the client's (in this case the community's) needs and preferences drive the design process and in which final design approval rests with the client, but where the engineer plays an active role in helping to understand and interpret the client's needs and develops engineering responses through an iterative, responsive design process.
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| 3. |
- Mulligan, Joe, et al.
(author)
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Participatory flood modelling for negotiation and planning in urban informal settlements
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : ICE PUBLISHING. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 172:7, s. 354-371
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participatory modelling in water resource management - involving diverse actors in what is traditionally a purely analytical process - is thought to broaden stakeholder engagement and improve outcomes. Further research and case studies are required to explore the practicalities of integrating meaningful participation within modelling processes in the water sector. Participatory modelling may be of particular interest within the context of urban informal areas, where the confluence of climate change, urbanisation and contested land requires new methods for engagement and planning. This paper develops new case-based knowledge to inform the application of participatory modelling and planning for informal urban areas. A flood-modelling project in the large informal neighbourhood of Kibera in central Nairobi, Kenya, is analysed using a newly established framework for the classification of participatory modelling approaches developed by Basco-Carrera et al. in 2017. Conclusions suggest that the further upstream more diverse stakeholders can be involved, the better the chance of co-producing new knowledge and of creating implementable plans and policies. At the same time, delivering 'co-design' of modelling processes in areas of limited co-operation requires a strong vision for participation, a tolerance for contention, a willingness to learn between actors and a budget to support additional time inputs.
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| 4. |
- Song, Xingqiang, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Transition in public participation in Chinese water management
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4637 .- 1751-7664 .- 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 164:1, s. 71-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, the Chinese central government has expressed the goal of working towards a civil society. However, there are great challenges in a transition to participatory decision-making in water systems management, and this paper aims to analyse the difficulties in the Chinese context. The development of Chinese water systems is summarised, with a focus on the characteristics of water management framework and its underlying values. The initiation of public participation in environmental decision-making is tracked, as well as its scope in the planning process of three water-related projects. Finally, the participatory mechanisms and capacity in China are briefly discussed from different perspectives. This paper argues that effective public participation in China is substantially hindered by current participatory mechanisms and capacity. Improved decision-making would result from: amendments to legal requirements on compulsory participation and broadening environmental information disclosure; developing sufficient relevant monitoring systems towards evidence-based planning and decision-making; inclusion of all relevant stakeholders under transparent planning and decision-making regimes; and building institutional capacity with the emphasis on developing a feasible procedural framework for participation and for assessing the effectiveness of the participatory process.
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| 5. |
- Thiebault, Vincent, et al.
(author)
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Design of railway bridges considering life-cycle assessment
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680 .- 1478-4637 .- 1751-7664. ; 166:4, s. 240-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The world is currently confronted with the challenge of preventing environmental degradation and resource depletion. To compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs, an Excel-based model was developed with implementing a simplified quantitative life-cycle assessment. The model covers the entire life cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions are made for selecting the relevant emissions and environmental impacts. A streamlined approach is applied to compare the environmental burden throughout the life cycle of the Banafjäl Railway Bridge. The bridge is a simply supported composite structure carrying one railway track. Two track alternatives are investigated: ballasted track and fixed track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than those of the ballasted track alternative. From a sustainable development perspective, it appears that fixed track has a significant advantage as the overall environmental impact is reduced by up to 77%. The raw material phase is found to be decisive in the life cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of track replacement is identified as a key environmental parameter, because the extra environmental burden of traffic delay during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Per, et al.
(author)
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Micro-comprehensive planning in Baltic Sea urban local areas
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the ICE - Engineering Sustainability. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 163, s. 219-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seven key community resources (physical, economic, biological, organisational, social, cultural and aesthetic resources) were studied in each of 22 common local urban townscape areas in 11 cities in the Baltic Sea region. A method was developed for multi-dimensional assessment of the sustainability status of the local communities according to the United Nations Habitat agenda. From an analysis of strong and weak points of the seven resources, a contextual micro-comprehensive plan for sustainable community development was outlined for each local area, comprising three components: universal, townscape-type-specific and place-specific strategies. The research also revealed unique key drivers for change for each area - either a specific problem or a vision for change. By addressing the key drivers, it is suggested that sustainable community development could be more efficiently introduced and implemented.
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| 7. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Multi-Criteria Decision Aids for Sustainable Water Management
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 160:2, s. 87-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article evaluates three multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods—Regime, Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments (Naiade) and Strategic Advisor (Strad)—from a process facilitation perspective. This research shows that Strad has many advantages over the other tools regarding knowledge management, pluralism, functionality, transparency and participation. Concluding recommendations are as follows. (1) Agree explicit aims with stakeholder participation and if the aims change during the process, this is to be communicated. (2) Match methodology with the aims of the process since it is not always necessary to base the ranking on complex mathematical calculations. (3) Participatory processes should be conducted with care as they are resource consuming. Select cases thoughtfully and design them with a reflective attitude. The systematic structure of going through one criterion at a time is perceived as more important than software aggregation of multiple criteria at the end. It was further concluded that MCDAs have to be transparent and software must be flexible with an understandable user interface.
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| 8. |
- Kedir, Firehiwot, et al.
(author)
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Resource efficiency factors in industrialised construction-a study in developing economies
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 176:2, s. 94-105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing economies need to supply housing and ensure resource efficiency in the process. Industrialised construction, which increases productivity in construction, can be one means to deliver the needed housing. However, the resource efficiency of industrialised construction in developing economies is under-researched. This paper studies factors influencing resource efficiency in industrialised housing products from a perspective of value chain and environmental impact in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nairobi, Kenya; and Cape Town, South Africa. Specifically, wall systems with varying degrees of industrialised construction implementation are studied. The study uncovers four main insights - first, the choice of materials influences the resource-efficiency of industrialised wall systems. However, the current value chain does not promote the adoption of new materials. Second, products used for industrialised wall systems are imported and incur added transportation-related impacts and beyond. Third, industrialised construction wall systems often use lightweight materials and have the potential for disassembly. However, end-users have reservations about such design strategies. Fourth, controlled production of wall systems reduces construction waste and increases the quality of products. Nevertheless, governments are currently promoting labour-intensive construction methods. Based on these insights, the paper concludes with recommendations, levers, and action points for stakeholders to promote resource efficiency in industrialised construction adoption.
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| 9. |
- Nikitas, Alexandros, 1980, et al.
(author)
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The paradox of public acceptance of bike sharing in Gothenburg
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 168:6, s. 101-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bike sharing is one of the most promising urban planning interventions to facilitate an all-necessary transition towards a more sustainable transport paradigm. Regardless of the fact that hundreds of schemes run in more than 50 countries worldwide, bike sharing is still moderately investigated by research. This paper reports on a primarily quantitative study of 558 responses that was set to frame attitudes reflecting public acceptance towards the rapidly expanding bike-sharing scheme in Gothenburg (Styr & Ställ), in an attempt to identify the ‘formula for success’. The respondents generally believed that Styr & Ställ is a pro-environmental, inexpensive and healthy transport mode, which complements the city’s public transport services and promotes a more human-friendly identity for Gothenburg. Even the respondents that self-reported a small (or no) likelihood to use bike sharing were positive towards the scheme. This means that they recognise that bike sharing has a significant pro-social potential and is not a system favouring a particular road-user segment over others that might not be interested or able to use it. The fact that the majority of the respondents do not use the scheme and yet its popularity is still vast indicates that there is much potential for more use in real terms.
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| 10. |
- Safi, Mohammed, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Life-Cycle Costing Integration with Bridge Management Systems
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The implementation of a bridge design proposal, as well as an individual bridge structural member, generally has several alternatives to choose from. The alternatives may provide the same required function. However, each of them may has different specifications concerning its initial costs, anticipated service life, required future repairs and impacts on traffic flow during repair works. Moreover, the cost categories associated with the various alternatives are incurred at varying points in time. Life-cycle costing (LCC) is an appropriate tool that can be used to specify the most cost-effective alternative taking into account all parameters. Most of the reported LCC applications for bridges were far from ideal and were content with deterministic estimates of life cycle cost instead of using sensitivity analysis. This paper briefly describes the various bridge investment phases and demonstrates the possible applications of LCC regarding them. The economic analysis tools that LCC is based on are presented. A detailed practical example to illustrate the LCC application for bridges during design and construction phases is also presented, taking into account the bridge user costs. The analysis results highlight the great feasibility and possibility of LCC implementations for bridges.
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| 11. |
- Gonzalez, Ignacio, et al.
(author)
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Traffic monitoring using a structural health monitoring system
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the ICE - Bridge Engineering. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629. ; 168:1, s. 13-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main factors influencing the deterioration of bridges are the environmental conditions and the traffic loads. Hence, a reliable and accurate characterisation of the traffic loads can improve the results from bridge rating, and health bridge monitoring. In this study a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion algorithm is developed to monitor trains passing on a steel railway bridge. The implemented system estimates the traffic loads, speeds and axle spacings. Other valuable information such as peak and RMS vertical bridge deck accelerations are also stored. The system takes advantage of two of the strain gauges from a previously deployed sensor network, installed to mainly monitor the strains for fatigue development. In this paper the possibilities and limitation of this system are explored.
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| 12. |
- O’Brien, Eugene, et al.
(author)
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Calculating an Influence Line from Direct Measurements
- 2006
-
In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. BRIDGE ENGINEERING. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1478-4637 .- 1751-7664. ; 159:1, s. 31-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The response of a bridge to a pre-weighed truck can be measured on site. This paper describes a mathematical method for converting the measured response of a load effect into an influence line for that effect. One influence ordinate is calculated for each scan of the data acquisition system. The vector of ordinates is found by solving a large set of simultaneous equations expressed in matrix form. The general form of the matrices is described, and the particular matrices for a three-axle truck are given. The technique is demonstrated using measured strain on two bridges using pre-weighed trucks with different numbers of axles.
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