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| 4. |
- Berkius, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Long-term survival according to ventilation mode in acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multicenter, inception cohort study
- 2010
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In: JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE. - : Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 25:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate 5-year survival stratified by mechanical ventilation modality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated in the ICU. Materials and Methods: Prospective, observational study of COPD patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to 9 multidisciplinary ICUs in Sweden. Characteristics on admission, including illness severity scores and the first blood gas, and survival were analyzed stratified by ventilation modality (noninvasive [NIV] vs invasive mechanical ventilation). Results: Ninety-three patients, mean age of 70.6 (SD, 9.6) years, were included. Sixteen patients were intubated immediately, whereas 77 were started on NIV. Patients who were started on NIV had a lower median body mass index (BMI) (21.9 vs 27.0; P andlt; .01) and were younger compared to those who were intubated immediately (median age, 70 vs 74.5 years; P andlt; .05). There were no differences in the initial blood gas results between the groups. Long-term survival was greater in patients with NIV (P andlt; .05, log rank). The effect of NIV on survival remained after including age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and BMI in a multivariate Cox regression model (NIV hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.92). Fifteen patients with failed NIV were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Long-term survival in patients with failed NIV was not significantly different from patients who were intubated immediately. Conclusion: The short-term survival benefit of NIV previously found in randomized controlled trials still applies after 5 years of observation.
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| 9. |
- Cavefors, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Isolated diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients.
- 2023
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-8615 .- 0883-9441. ; 76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is important in critically ill patients, but prevalence and impact on mortality is not well studied. We classified intensive care patients with normal left ventricular function according to current diastolic guidelines and explored associations with mortality.Echocardiography was performed within 24h of intensive care admission. Patients with reduced LV ejection fraction, regional wall motion abnormality, or a history of cardiac disease were excluded. Patients were classified according to the 2016 EACVI guidelines, Recommendations for the Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function by Echocardiography.Out of 218 patients, 162 (74%) had normal diastolic function, 21 (10%) had diastolic dysfunction, and 35 (17%) had indeterminate diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction were more common in female patients, older patients and associated with sepsis, respiratory and cardiovascular comorbidity as well as higher SAPS Score. In a risk-adjusted logistic regression model, patients with indeterminate diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.3 [1.6-11.4], p=0.004) or diastolic dysfunction (OR 5.1 [1.6-16.5], p=0.006) had an increased risk of death at 90days compared to patients with normal diastolic function.Isolated diastolic dysfunction, assessed by a multi-parameter approach, is common in critically ill patients and is associated with mortality.Secondary analysis of data from a single-center prospective observational study focused on systolic dysfunction in intensive care unit patients (Clinical Trials ID: NCT03787810.
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| 10. |
- Dahlberg, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin K deficiency in critical ill patients; a prospective observational study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Critical Care. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-8615 .- 0883-9441. ; 49, s. 105-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Vitamin K is a cofactor for proteins involved in cardiovascular health, bone metabolism and cancer. Measuring uncarboxylated prothrombin, also termed as “protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonism for factor II (PIVKA-II)”, has been used to assess vitamin K status. High levels may indicate vitamin K deficiency. The aim of this study was to measure PIVKA-II and prothrombin time (PT-INR) in intensive care (ICU) patients and correlate vitamin K status with mortality. Methods: Ninety-five patients admitted to the ICU had blood samples taken near admission and every third day. In addition to PIVKA-II and PT-INR, critical-care severity scores were computed. Results: The median baseline PIVKA-II was 4.97 μg/L compared to the upper reference of 2.0 μg/L. PIVKA-II further increased at days 3 and 6, (median 7.88 μg/L, p = .047 and median 8.14 μg/L, p = .011) predominantly in cardiac arrest patients (median 21.4 μg/L, day 3). Conclusion: Intensive care patients have increased PIVKA-II levels at admission, which increases during the ICU stay, especially in cardiac arrest patients. There were no correlations between PIVKA-II and PT-INR, SOFA score or mortality. Further studies are needed to determine why PIVKA-II increases and whether high PIVKA-II levels in ICU patients affect long-term mortality or morbidity. Previous article in issue
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| 15. |
- Gogniat, Emiliano, et al.
(author)
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Dead space analysis at different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
- 2018
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 45, s. 231-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To analyze the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on Bohr's dead space (VDBohr/VT) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Material and methods: Fourteen ARDS patients under lung protective ventilation settingswere submitted to 4 different levels of PEEP (0, 6, 10, 16 cmH(2)O). Respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics and volumetric capnography were recorded at each protocol step.Results: Two groups of patients responded differently to PEEP when comparing baseline with 16-PEEP: those in which driving pressure increased > 15% (Delta P.(15%), n = 7, p = .016) and those in which the change was <= 15% (Delta P-<= 15%, n = 7, p = .700). VDBohr/VT was higher in Delta P-<= 15% than in Delta P-<= 15% patients at baseline ventilation [0.58 (0.49-0.60) vs 0.46 (0.43-0.46) p = .018], at 0-PEEP [0.50 (0.47-0.54) vs 0.41 (0.40-0.43) p = .012], at 6-PEEP [0.55 (0.49-0.57) vs 0.44 (0.42-0.45) p = .008], at 10-PEEP [0.59 (0.51-0.59) vs 0.45 (0.44-0.46) p = .006] and at 16-PEEP [0.61 (0.56-0.65) vs 0.47 (0.45-0.48) p =. 001]. We found a good correlation between Delta P and VDBohr/VT only in the Delta P.(15%) group (r = 0.74, p < .001).Conclusions: Increases in PEEP result in higher VDBohr/VT only when associated with an increase in driving pressure.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jonsson, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Performance of plasma measurement of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of bacterial infections in the intensive care unit
- 2019
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 53, s. 264-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the value of dimeric neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early marker of bacterial infection and its response to antibiotic therapy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Materials & methods: We measured daily plasma dNGAL in 198 patients admitted to a mixed ICU. Likelihood of infection was determined with International Sepsis Forum criteria. Wemeasured dNGAL in 145 healthy controls to establish normal values.Results: ICU patients had higher dNGAL than healthy controls. A suspected or confirmed infection was independently associated with 90% (95% CI 15-215%) higher dNGAL than absence of infection. We observed no association between acute kidney injury and dNGAL. Diagnostic accuracy at antibiotic treatment initiation, assessed with area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC), for dNGAL was 0.70 (95% CI 0.60-0.79). AUC-ROC for dNGAL 24 h before antibiotic treatment initiation was 0.54 (95% CI 0.41-0.66). The mean (95% CI) change of dNGAL in the first 2 days after appropriate antibiotic therapy initiation was -31 (-49,-13)%.Conclusions: In our cohort of ICU patients, plasma dNGAL was associated with presence of bacterial infections independent of AKI but it performed poor as a predictor of infections. Following antibiotic therapy, dNGAL markedly decreased-supporting further exploration of dNGAL-guided antibiotic de-escalation.
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| 18. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Larsson, A., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of point-of-care hemostatic assays, routine coagulation tests, and outcome scores in critically ill patients
- 2015
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 30:5, s. 1032-1038
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purposes of the study are to compare point-of-care (POC) hemostatic devices in critically ill patients with routine laboratory tests and intensive care unit (ICU) outcome scoring assessments and to describe the time course of these variables in relation to mortality rate. Materials and methods: Patients admitted to the ICU with a prognosis of more than 3 days of stay were included. The POC devices, Multiplate platelet aggregometry, rotational thromboelastometry, and ReoRox viscoelastic tests, were used. All variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Point-of-care results were compared to prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3. Results: Blood was sampled on days 0 to 1, 2 to 3, and 4 to 10 from 114 patients with mixed diagnoses during 237 sampling events. Nonsurvivors showed POC and laboratory signs of hypocoagulation and decreased fibrinolysis over time compared to survivors. ReoRox detected differences between survivors and nonsurvivors better than ROTEM and Multiplate. Conclusions: All POC and routine laboratory tests showed a hypocoagulative response in nonsurvivors compared to survivors. ReoRox was better than ROTEM and Multiplate at detecting differences between surviving and nonsurviving ICU patients. However, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 showed the best association to mortality outcome.
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| 24. |
- Lipcsey, Miklos, et al.
(author)
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Clinically manifest thromboembolic complications of femoral vein catheterization for continuous renal replacement therapy
- 2014
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 29:1, s. 18-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:The safety of femoral vein (FV) catheterization for continuous renal replacement therapy is uncertain. We sought to determine the incidence of clinically manifest venous thromboembolism (VTE) in such patients.METHODS:We retrospectively studied patients with femoral high flow catheters (≥13F) (December 2005 to February 2011). Discharge diagnostic codes were independently screened for VTE. The incidence of VTE was also independently similarly assessed in a control cohort of patients ventilated for more than 2 days (January 2011 to December 2011) in the same intensive care unit (ICU).RESULTS:We studied 380 patients. Their mean age was 61 years, and 59% were male. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 84; average duration of continuous renal replacement therapy was 74 hours, and 232 patients (61%) survived to hospital discharge with an average length of hospital stay of 22 days. Only 5 patients (1.3%) had clinically manifest VTE after FV catheterization. In the control cohort of 514 ICU patients, the incidence of VTE was 4.4% (P < .05 compared with FV group).CONCLUSION:The incidence of clinically manifest VTE after FV catheterization with high flow catheters is low and lower to that seen in general ICU patients.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Lundin, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Veno-arterial CO2 difference and respiratory quotient after cardiac arrest: An observational cohort study.
- 2021
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-8615 .- 0883-9441. ; 62:April, s. 131-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To characterize venous-arterial CO2 difference (ΔpCO2) and the respiratory quotient (RQ) in post cardiac arrest patients and evaluate the association between these parameters and patient outcome.Data were obtained retrospectively from post cardiac arrest patients admitted between 2007 and 2016 to a medical intensive care unit. Comatose, adult patients in whom arterial and venous blood gas analyses were concomitantly performed in the first 24h were included. Patients were grouped according to the time-point of sampling; 0-6, 6-12 and 12-24h after admission.308 patients were included; 174 (56%) died before ICU discharge and 212 (69%) had an unfavorable neurologic outcome. RQ was associated with ICU mortality (OR:1.09 (95%CI: 1.04-1.14; p<0.01)), although not with neurological outcome. ΔpCO2 was negatively associated with both ICU mortality (OR: 0.92 (95%CI: 0.86-0.99; p=0.02)) and poor neurologic outcome (adjusted OR: 0.93 (95%CI: 0.87-0.99; p=0.02)). ΔpCO2 predicted an elevated RQ; a ΔpCO2 above 8.5mmHg identified a high RQ with reasonable sensitivity and specificity.RQ was associated with ICU mortality and ΔpCO2 identified elevated RQ in the early phase after cardiac arrest. However, ΔpCO2 were negatively associated with both ICU mortality and neurologic outcome.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Monge Garcia, Manuel Ignacio, et al.
(author)
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Noradrenaline modifies arterial reflection phenomena and left ventricular efficiency in septic shock patients : A prospective observational study
- 2018
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 47, s. 280-286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To determine whether noradrenaline alters the arterial pressure reflection phenomena in septic shock patients and the effects on left ventricular (LV) efficiency.Material and methods: Thirty-seven septic shock patients with a planned change in noradrenaline dose. Timing and magnitude (Reflection Magnitude and Augmentation Index) of arterial reflections were evaluated. Total, steady, and oscillatory LV power (also expressed as fraction of the total power), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), energy efficiency and transmission ratios were used as a marker of LV efficiency.Results: An incremental change in noradrenaline increased Reflection Magnitude [0.28(0.09) to 0.31(0.1], Augmentation Index [-6.4(23.6) to 4.8(20.7)%], and LV total power [0.79(IQR:0.47-1) to 0.98(IQR:0.57-127) W], all p < 0.001; whereas decreased arrival time of reflected waves [from 95(87 to 121) to 83(79 to 101)ms; p < 0.001]. Variables of LV performance showed a decreased efficiency: oscillatory fraction and energy efficiency ratio increased [20.9(5.7) to 22.8(4.9)%, and 82(1.7) to 10.1(2) mW.min.litre(-1); p < 0.001, respectively]; and energy transmission ratio and SEVR decreased [73.8(9.9) to 72(9.8)% and 146(IQR:113-188) to 143 (IQR:109-172)%, p = 0.003 and p = 0.041, respectively].Conclusions: Noradrenaline increased reflection phenomena, increasing LV workload and worsening LV performance in septic shock patients. These conditions could explain the detrimental effects during long-term use of noradrenaline.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ollila, Henriikka, et al.
(author)
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Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings six months after critical COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.
- 2024
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In: Journal of critical care. - 1557-8615. ; 80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- COVID-19 patients suffered from neurological symptoms in the acute phase. Whether this led to long-term consequences was unknown. We studied long-term brain MRI findings in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients and compared them with findings in groups with less severe acute disease.In this prospective cohort study, 69 ICU-treated, 46 ward-treated, and 46 home-isolated patients, as well as 53 non-COVID-19 controls, underwent brain MRI six months after acute COVID-19. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, was measured simultaneously.Ischaemic infarctions existed in 5.8% of ICU-treated patients. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) existed in 27 (39.1%) ICU-treated, 13 (28.3%) ward-treated, 8 (17.4%) home-isolated COVID-19 patients, and 12 (22.6%) non-COVID controls. Patients with CMBs were older (p<0.001), had a higher level of plasma NfL (p=0.003), and higher supplementary oxygen days (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and supplementary oxygen days (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13) were associated with CMBs. The ICU group showed prevalent distribution of CMBs in deep regions.Age and supplementary oxygen days were independently associated with CMBs; COVID-19 status showed no association. Accumulation of risk factors in the ICU group may explain the higher prevalence of CMBs.
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| 32. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, et al.
(author)
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Effects of education, income and employment on ICU and post-ICU survival - A nationwide Swedish cohort study of individual-level data with 1-year follow up
- 2024
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between education, income, and employment (socioeconomic status, SES) and intensive care unit (ICU) survival and survival 1 year after discharge from ICU (Post-ICU survival). Methods: Individual data from ICU patients were linked to register data of education level, disposable income, employment status, civil status, foreign background, comorbidities, and vital status. Associations between SES, ICU survival and 1-year post-ICU survival was analysed using Cox's regression. Results: We included 58,279 adults (59% men, median length of stay in ICU 4.0 days, median SAPS3 score 61). Survival rates at discharge from ICU and one year after discharge were 88% and 63%, respectively. Risk of ICU death (Hazard ratios, HR) was significantly higher in unemployed and retired compared to patients who worked prior to admission (1.20; 95% CI: 1.10-1.30 and 1.15; (1.07-1.24), respectively. There was no consistent association between education, income and ICU death. Risk of post-ICU death decreased with greater income and was roughly 16% lower in the highest compared to lowest income quintile (HR 0.84; 0.79-0.88). Higher education levels appeared to be associated with reduced risk of death during the first year after ICU discharge. Conclusions: Significant relationships between low SES in the critically ill and increased risk of death indicate that it is important to identify and support patients with low SES to improve survival after intensive care. Studies of survival after critical illness need to account for participants SES.
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| 33. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, et al.
(author)
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Hopelessness: Independent associations with health-related quality of life and short-term mortality after critical illness: A prospective, multicentre trial
- 2017
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 41, s. 58-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the independent associations between ability to cope and hopelessness with measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and their effects on mortality up to 3 years after discharge in patients who have been treated in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional multicenter study of 980 patients. Ability to cope, hopelessness, and HRQoL were evaluated using validated scales. Questionnaires were sent to patients 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after discharge from ICU. Results: After adjustment, low scores for ability to cope and high scores for hopelessness were both related to poorer HRQoL for all subscales (except for coping with bodily pain). Effects were in the same range as coexisting disease for physical subscales, and stronger for social and mental subscales. High scores for hopelessness also predicted mortality up to 3 years after discharge from ICU (p amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The psychological factors ability to cope and hopelessness both strongly affected HRQoL after ICU care, and this effect was stronger than the effects of coexisting disease. Hopelessness also predicted mortality after critical illness. Awareness of the psychological state of patients after a stay in ICU is important to identify which of them are at risk. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
- Parenmark, Fredric, et al.
(author)
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Reducing night-time discharge from intensive care. A nationwide improvement project with public display of ICU outcomes
- 2019
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 49, s. 7-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) during the night is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. A quality improvement project was conducted with the aim of reducing the incidence and the associated mortality after night-time discharge. Materials and methods: ICUs that submitted data to the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) agreed to appoint night-time discharge as a national quality indicator with detailed public display on the internet of various discharge proportions and outcomes. The registry was then examined for trends during a 10-year period with use of multilevel mixed-effects models. Results: We analysed 163,371 patients who were discharged alive from 70 ICUs to a general ward within the same hospital during 2006-2015. The prevalence of night-time discharge fell from 7.0% (95% CI: 52 to 8.7%) in 2006 to 4.9% (95% CI: 43 to 5.5%) in 2015 (P = .035 for trend). The original increased risk of death within 30 days after night-time discharge in 2006-2010, OR 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.42), disappeared in 2011-2015, OR 1.06 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.17). Conclusions: During the 10-year period of the quality improvement project, the annual prevalence and risk of death within 30-days after night-time discharge were reduced. The public display and feedback of audit data could have helped in achieving this.
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| 35. |
- Persson, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Early prediction of sepsis in intensive care patients using the machine learning algorithm NAVOY® Sepsis, a prospective randomized clinical validation study
- 2024
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose:To prospectively validate, in an ICU setting, the prognostic accuracy of the sepsis prediction algorithm NAVOY® Sepsis which uses 4 h of input for routinely collected vital parameters, blood gas values, and lab values.Materials and methods:Patients 18 years or older admitted to the ICU at Skåne University Hospital Malmö from December 2020 to September 2021 were recruited in the study. A total of 304 patients were randomized into one of two groups: Algorithm group with active sepsis alerts, or Standard of care. NAVOY® Sepsis made silent predictions in the Standard of care group, in order to evaluate its performance without disturbing the outcome. The study was blinded, i.e., study personnel did not know to which group patients were randomized. The healthcare provider followed standard practices in assessing possible development of sepsis and intervening accordingly. The patients were followed-up in the study until ICU discharge. Results:NAVOY® Sepsis could predict the development of sepsis, according to the Sepsis-3 criteria, three hours before sepsis onset with high performance: accuracy 0.79; sensitivity 0.80; and specificity 0.78.Conclusions:The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were all high, validating the prognostic accuracy of NAVOY® Sepsis in an ICU setting, including Covid-19 patients.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 39. |
- Sanner, Margareta A
(author)
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Two perspectives on organ donation : experiences of potential donor families and intensive care physicians of the same event.
- 2007
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 22:4, s. 296-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to explore how relatives and physicians understood cases where organ donation had been requested and what factors were salient for the decision on donation. Physicians of 25 deceased patients and 20 relatives were interviewed. The material was analyzed using qualitative methods. Eleven patients had declared their wishes on donation before death; in 14 cases the relatives had to decide. Half of these relatives accepted donation and half refused. The donation request was of secondary importance to the families; they were totally occupied by the death and initially tried to avoid the request by regarding "no" as a nonresponse. They needed support to relieve their immediate reactions of uneasiness, start rational thought processes, and reach well-grounded answers. The basis for requesting donation was good; relatives, with regard to circumstances, had been well prepared for the death by continuous information from the physicians and had confidence in staff, accepted that the question was raised, and understood the death criteria. However, about half the physicians experienced conflicts regarding prerequisites of procuring organs and dealing with relatives. Three different approaches were displayed: prodonation, neutral, and ambivalent. Only physicians with a prodonation approach received acceptance for donation.
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| 40. |
- Schneider, Antoine G, et al.
(author)
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Simple translational equations to compare illness severity scores in intensive care trials
- 2013
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 28:5, s. 885.e1-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:Comparison of illness severity for intensive care unit populations assessed according to different scoring systems should increase our ability to compare and meta-analyze past and future trials but is currently not possible. Accordingly, we aimed to establish a methodology to translate illness severity scores obtained from one system into another.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using the Australian and New-Zealand intensive care adult patient database, we obtained simultaneous admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and APACHE III scores and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II in 634428 patients admitted to 153 units between 2001 and 2010. We applied linear regression analyses to create models enabling translation of one score into another. Sensitivity analyses were performed after removal of diagnostic categories excluded from the original APACHE database, after matching for similar risk of death, after splitting data according to country of origin (Australia or New Zealand) and after splitting admissions occurring before or after 2006.RESULTS:The translational models were APACHE III = 3.08 × APACHE II + 5.75; APACHE III = 1.47 × SAPS II + 8.6; and APACHE II = 0.36 × SAPS II + 4.4. The area under the receiver operating curve for mortality prediction was 0.853 (95% confidence interval, 0.851-0.855) for the "APACHE II derived APACHE III" score and 0.854 (0.852-0.855) for the "SAPS II derived APACHE III" vs 0.854 (0.852-0.855) for the original APACHE III score. Similarly, it was 0.841 (0.839-0.843) for the "SAPS II derived APACHE II score" vs 0.842 (0.840-0.843) for the original APACHE II score. Correlation coefficients as well as intercepts remained very similar in all subgroups analyses.CONCLUSIONS:Simple and robust translational formulas can be developed to allow clinicians to compare illness severity between studies involving critically ill patients. Further studies in other countries and health care systems are needed to confirm the generalizability of these results.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Stattin, Karl, et al.
(author)
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Inadequate prophylactic effect of low-molecular weight heparin in critically ill COVID-19 patients
- 2020
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 60, s. 249-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate potential markers of coagulopathy and the effects of thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on thromboelastography (TEG) and anti-factor Xa in critically ill COVID-19 patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in 31 consecutive adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. TEG with and without heparinase and anti-factor Xa analysis were performed. Standard thromboprophylaxis was given with dalteparin (75-100 IU/kg subcutaneously).RESULTS: Five patients (16%) had symptomatic thromboembolic events. All patients had a maximum amplitude (MA) > 65 mm and 13 (42%) had MA > 72 mm at some point during ICU stay. Anti-factor Xa activity were below the target range in 23% of the patients and above target range in 46% of patients. There was no significant correlation between dalteparin dose and anti-factor Xa activity.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 have hypercoagulability with high MA on TEG. The effect of LMWH on thromboembolic disease, anti-factor Xa activity and TEG was variable and could not be reliably predicted. This indicates that standard prophylactic doses of LMWH may be insufficient. Monitoring coagulation and the LMWH effect is important in patients with COVID-19 but interpreting the results in relation to risk of thromboembolic disease poses difficulties.
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| 45. |
- Suzuki, Satoshi, et al.
(author)
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Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid therapy after cardiac surgery : A pilot before-and-after trial
- 2014
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 29:6, s. 992-996
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study is to study the feasibility, safety, and physiological effects of pulse pressure variation (PPV)-guided fluid therapy in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot prospective before-and-after study during mandatory ventilation after cardiac surgery in a tertiary intensive care unit. We introduced a protocol to deliver a fluid bolus for a PPV >= 13% for at least >10 minutes during the intervention period. Results: We studied 45 control patients and 53 intervention patients. During the intervention period, clinicians administered a fluid bolus on 79% of the defined PPV trigger episodes. Median total fluid intake was similar between 2 groups during mandatory ventilation (1297 mL[interquartile range 549-1968] vs 1481 mL [807-2563]; P =. 17) and the first 24 hours (3046 mL [interquartile range 2317-3982] vs 3017 mL [2192-4028]; P = .73). After adjusting for several baseline factors, PPV-guided fluid management significantly increased fluid intake during mandatory ventilation (P = .004) but not during the first 24 hours (P = .47). Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid therapy, however, did not significantly affect hemodynamic, renal, and metabolic variables. No serious adverse events were noted. Conclusions: Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid management was feasible and safe during mandatory ventilation after cardiac surgery. However, its advantages may be clinically small.
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| 46. |
- Svedung Wettervik, Teodor, et al.
(author)
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Arterial lactate in traumatic brain injury : Relation to intracranial pressure dynamics, cerebral energy metabolism and clinical outcome
- 2020
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 60, s. 218-225
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: High arterial lactate is associated with disturbed systemic physiology. Lactate can also be used asalternative cerebral fuel and it is involved in regulating cerebral blood flow. This study explored the relation ofendogenous arterial lactate to systemic physiology, pressure autoregulation, cerebral energy metabolism, andclinical outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI).Method: A retrospective study including 115 patients (consent given) with severe TBI treated in the neurointensivecare unit, Uppsala university hospital, Sweden, 2008–2018. Data from cerebral microdialysis, arterialblood gases, hemodynamics and intracranial pressure were analyzed the first ten days post-injury.Results: Arterial lactate peaked on day 1 post-injury (mean 1.7 ± 0.7 mM) and gradually decreased. Higherarterial lactate correlated with lower age (p-value < 0.05), higher Marshall score (p-value < 0.05) andhigher arterial glucose (p-value < 0.001) in a multiple regression analysis. Higher arterial lactate was associatedwith poor pressure autoregulation (p-value < 0.01), but not to worse cerebral energy metabolism.Higher arterial lactate was also associated with unfavorable clinical outcome (p-value < 0.05).Conclusions: High endogenous arterial lactate is a biomarker of poor systemic physiology and may disturbcerebral blood flow autoregulation.
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| 47. |
- Svedung Wettervik, Teodor, et al.
(author)
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NT-proBNP and troponin I in high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : Relation to clinical course and outcome
- 2022
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeTo investigate the association between two cardiac biomarkers, NT-proBNP and TnI, with intracranial pressure (ICP)−/cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)-insults, cerebral pressure autoregulation, delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND), and clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 196 aSAH patients treated at the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 2011–2018, with ICP-monitoring and serial NT-proBNP and TnI measurements were included. The first 10 days were divided into early phase (day 1–3) and vasospasm phase (day 4–10).ResultsNT-proBNP and TnI were elevated above the reference interval at least once the first 10 days in 175 (89%) and 116 (59%) patients, respectively. In the vasospasm phase, higher NT-proBNP and TnI were associated with increased percentage of CPP below 60 mmHg. Higher TnI also correlated with more ICP-insults above 20 mmHg. NT-proBNP and TnI did not predict worse pressure autoregulation and DIND. Higher NT-proBNP and TnI were associated with mortality and unfavorable outcome in univariate, but not multivariate, analyses.ConclusionElevated NT-proBNP and TnI correlated with an increased burden of secondary ICP-/CPP-insults, but not with worse pressure autoregulation, DIND, and without independent association with clinical outcome.
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| 48. |
- Tabah, Alexis, et al.
(author)
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Variation in communication and family visiting policies in intensive care within and between countries during the Covid-19 pandemic : The COVISIT international survey
- 2022
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICU) introduced restrictions to in-person family visiting to safeguard patients, healthcare personnel, and visitors.Methods: We conducted a web-based survey (March-July 2021) investigating ICU visiting practices before the pandemic, at peak COVID-19 ICU admissions, and at the time of survey response. We sought data on visiting policies and communication modes including use of virtual visiting (videoconferencing).Results: We obtained 667 valid responses representing ICUs in all continents. Before the pandemic, 20% (106/ 525) had unrestricted visiting hours; 6% (30/525) did not allow in-person visiting. At peak, 84% (558/667) did not allow in-person visiting for patients with COVID-19; 66% for patients without COVID-19. This proportion had decreased to 55% (369/667) at time of survey reporting. A government mandate to restrict hospital visiting was reported by 53% (354/646). Most ICUs (55%, 353/615) used regular telephone updates; 50% (306/667) used telephone for formal meetings and discussions regarding prognosis or end-of-life. Virtual visiting was available in 63% (418/667) at time of survey.Conclusions: Highly restrictive visiting policies were introduced at the initial pandemic peaks, were subsequently liberalized, but without returning to pre-pandemic practices. Telephone became the primary communication mode in most ICUs, supplemented with virtual visits. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- van Veen, Ernest, et al.
(author)
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End-of-life practices in traumatic brain injury patients : Report of a questionnaire from the CENTER-TBI study
- 2020
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 58, s. 78-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We aimed to study variation regarding specific end-of-life (EoL) practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Materials and methods: Respondents from 67 hospitals participating in The Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study completed several questionnaires on management of TBI patients.Results: In 60% of the centers, ≤50% of all patients with severe neurological damage dying in the ICU, die after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures (LSM). The decision to withhold/withdraw LSM was made following multidisciplinary consensus in every center. Legal representatives/relatives played a role in the decision-making process in 81% of the centers. In 82% of the centers, age played a role in the decision to withhold/withdraw LSM. Furthermore, palliative therapy was initiated in 79% of the centers after the decision to withdraw LSM was made. Last, withholding/withdrawing LSM was, generally, more often considered after more time had passed, in a patient with TBI, who remained in a very poor prognostic condition.Conclusion: We found variation regarding EoL practices in TBI patients. These results provide insight into variability regarding important issues pertaining to EoL practices in TBI, which can be useful to stimulate discussions on EoL practices, comparative effectiveness research, and, ultimately, development of recommendations.
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