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| 8. |
- Boije, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Temporal and spatial expression of transcription factors FoxN4, Ptf1a, Prox1, Isl1 and Lim1 mRNA in the developing chick retina
- 2008
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 8:2, s. 117-123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transcription factors are pivotal in regulating cell fate and development. We analyzed five transcription factors - FoxN4, Ptf1a, Prox1, Isl1 and Lim1 - with putative functions in the formation of early-generated retinal interneurons. A full-length chicken FoxN4 cDNA was characterized and in situ as well as RT-PCR showed that FoxN4 expression commenced already in the stage 12-14 optic vesicles. Ptf1a, Prox1, Isl1 and Lim1 expression appeared later by stage 20-24, concomitant with the first post-mitotic ganglion-, amacrine- and horizontal cells. The FoxN4 and Ptf1a expression was transient with peak levels by stage 32-35. Expression disappeared as the retinal progenitor cells differentiated. Prox1, Isl1 and Lim1 expression remained in several differentiated cells including the horizontal cells. The order of expression supports a scheme where Ptf1a and Prox1 is downstream of FoxN4 and that FoxN4 and Ptf1a have transient roles during fate specification while Prox1, Isl1 and Lim1 have roles that are important for the generation of the neuronal subtypes.
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| 9. |
- Correa-Medina, Mayrin, et al.
(author)
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MicroRNA miR-7 is preferentially expressed in endocrine cells of the developing and adult human pancreas.
- 2009
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 9:4, s. 193-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression through binding to complementary messenger RNA sequences. miRNAs have been predicted to target genes important for pancreas development, proper endocrine cell function and metabolism. We previously described that miRNA-7 (miR-7) was the most abundant and differentially expressed islet miRNA, with 200-fold higher expression in mature human islets than in acinar tissue. Here we have analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of miR-7 in human fetal pancreas from 8 to 22 weeks of gestational age (wga). Human fetal (8-22wga) and adult pancreases were processed for immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative RT-PCR of miRNA and mRNA. miR-7 was expressed in the human developing pancreas from around 9wga and reached its maximum expression levels between 14 and 18wga, coinciding with the exponential increase of the pancreatic endocrine hormones. Throughout development miR-7 expression was preferentially localized to endocrine cells and its expression persisted in the adult pancreas. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the spatiotemporal expression of miR-7 in developing human pancreas. The specific localization of miR-7 expression to fetal and adult endocrine cells indicates a potential role for miR-7 in endocrine cell differentiation and/or function. Future functional studies of a potential role for miR-7 function in islet cell differentiation and physiology are likely to identify novel targets for the treatment of diabetes and will lead to the development of improved protocols for generating insulin-producing cells for cell replacement therapy.
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| 10. |
- Gritli Linde, Amel, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Expression patterns of the Tmem16 gene family during cephalic development in the mouse
- 2009
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X. ; 9:3, s. 178-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tmem16a, Tmem16c, Tmem16f, Tmem16h and Tmem16k belong to the newly identified Tmem16 gene family encoding eight-pass transmembrane proteins. We have analyzed the expression patterns of these genes during mouse cephalic development. In the central nervous system, Tmem16a transcripts were abundant in the ventricular neuroepithelium, whereas the other Tmem16 family members were readily detectable in the subventricular zone and differentiating fields. In the rostral spinal cord, Tmem16f expression was highest in the motor neuron area. In the developing eye, the highest amounts of Tmem16a transcripts were detected in the lens epithelium, hyaloid plexus and outer layer of the retina, while the other family members were abundant in the retinal ganglionic cell layer. Interestingly, throughout development, Tmem16a expression in the inner ear was robust and restricted to a subset of cells within the epithelium, which at later stages formed the organ of Corti. The stria vascularis was particularly rich in Tmem16a and Tmem16f mRNA. Other sites of Tmem16 expression included cranial nerve and dorsal root ganglia, meningeal precursors and the pituitary. Tmem16c and Tmem16f transcripts were also patent in the submandibular autonomic ganglia. A conspicuous feature of Tmem16a was its expression along the walls of blood vessels as well as in cells surrounding the trigeminal and olfactory nerve axons. In organs developing through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, such as the palate, tooth and tongue, the above five Tmem16 family members showed interesting dynamic expression patterns as development proceeded. Finally and remarkably, osteoblasts and chondrocytes were particularly loaded with Tmem16a, Tmem16c and Tmem16f transcripts.
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| 11. |
- Habicher, Judith, et al.
(author)
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A new transgenic reporter line reveals expression of protocadherin 9 at a cellular level within the zebrafish central nervous system
- 2022
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The wiring of neuronal networks is far from understood. One outstanding question is how neurons of different types link up to form subnetworks within the greater context. Cadherins have been suggested to create an inclusion code where interconnected neurons express the same subtypes. Here, we have used a CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in approach to generate a transgenic zebrafish reporter line for protocadherin 9 (pcdh9), which is predominantly expressed within the central nervous system. Expression of eGFP was detected in subsets of neurons in the cerebellum, retina and spinal cord, in both larvae and juveniles. A closer characterization of the spinal locomotor network revealed that a portion of distinct classes of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, as well as motor neurons, expressed pcdh9. This transgenic line could thus be used to test the cadherin network hypothesis, through electrophysiological characterization of eGFP positive cells, to show if these are synaptically connected and form a discrete network within the spinal cord.
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| 12. |
- Janssen, Ralf, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Embryonic expression patterns of Wnt genes in the RTA-clade spider Cupiennius salei
- 2022
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spiders represent widely used model organisms for chelicerate and even arthropod development and evolution. Wnt genes are important and evolutionary conserved factors that control and regulate numerous developmental processes. Recent studies comprehensively investigated the complement and expression of spider Wnt genes revealing conserved as well as diverged aspects of their expression and thus (likely) function among different groups of spiders representing Mygalomorphae (tarantulas), and both main groups of Araneae (true spiders) (Haplogynae/Synspermiata and Entelegynae). The allegedly most modern/derived group of entelegyne spiders is represented by the RTA-clade of which no comprehensive data on Wnt expression were available prior to this study. Here, we investigated the embryonic expression of all Wnt genes of the RTA-clade spider Cupiennius salei. We found that most of the Wnt expression patterns are conserved between Cupiennius and other spiders, especially more basally branching species. Surprisingly, most differences in Wnt gene expression are seen in the common model spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (a non-RTA clade entelegyne species). These results show that data and conclusions drawn from research on one member of a group of animals (or any other organism) cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the group as a whole, and instead highlight the need for comprehensive taxon sampling.
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| 13. |
- Janssen, Ralf, et al.
(author)
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Identification and embryonic expression of Wnt2, Wnt4, Wnt5 and Wnt9 in the millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda)
- 2014
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 14:2, s. 55-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Wnt genes encode secreted glycoprotein ligands that are key players during animal development. Previous studies revealed the presence of 12 classes of Wnt genes in protostomes, although lineage specific losses of Wnt genes are common. So far, the gene expression profile of only two complete sets of arthropod Wnt genes has been studied; these are the Wnt genes of the fly Drosophila melanogaster and the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Insects, however, do not represent good models for the understanding of Wnt gene evolution because several Wnt genes have been lost in the lineage leading to the insects, or within the different orders of insects. Comparative gene expression data from non-insect arthropods are rare and restricted to a subset of Wnt genes. This study aims to fill this gap and describes four newly detected Wnt genes from the millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda). Together with previous studies, now 11 Glomeris Wnt genes have been isolated and their expression has been studied. The only predicted but hitherto undetected Wnt gene is Wnt10. The new data provide a platform for the comparison of Wnt gene expression patterns in arthropods and reveal conserved as well as diverged aspects of Wnt gene expression in Arthropoda. Prominent expression of Wnt4 in dorsal tissue implies a role in dorsal segmentation and suggests that Wnt4 may be the predicted substitute for the previously reported missing expression of wg/Wnt1 in dorsal tissue.
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| 14. |
- Kitambi, Satish Srinivas, et al.
(author)
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The zebrafish orphan nuclear receptor genes nr2e1 and nr2e3 are expressed in developing eye and forebrain
- 2007
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 7:4, s. 521-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mammalian Nr2e1 (Tailless, Mtll or Tlx) and Nr2e3 (photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor, Pnr) are highly related orphan nuclear receptors, that are expressed in eye and forebrain-derived structures. In this study, we analyzed the developmental expression patterns of zebrafish nr2e1 and nr2e3. RT-PCR analysis showed that nr2e1 and nr2e3 are both expressed during embryonic and post-embryonic development. To examine the spatial distribution of nr2e1 and nr2e3 during development whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed. At tailbud stage, initial nr2e1 expression was localized to the rostral brain rudiment anterior to pax2.1 and eng2 expression at the prospective midbrain-hindbrain boundary. During Subsequent stages, nr2e1 became widely expressed in fore- and midbrain primordia, eye and olfactory placodes. At 24 hpf, strong nr2e1 expression was detected in telencephalon, hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, pretectum, midbrain tectum, and retina. At 2 dpf, the initially widespread nr2e1 expression became more restricted to distinct regions within the fore- and midbrain and to the retinal ciliary margin, the germinal zone which gives rise to retina and presumptive iris. Express on of nr2e3 was exclusively found in the developing retina and epiphysis. In both structures, nr2e3 expression was found in photoreceptor cells. The developmental expression profile of zebrafish nr2e1 and nr2e3 is consistent with evolutionary conserved functions in eye and rostral brain structures.
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| 15. |
- Kolterud, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Lhx2 is expressed in the septum transversum mesenchyme that becomes an integral part of the liver and the formation of these cells is independent of functional Lhx2
- 2004
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 4:5, s. 521-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Liver development is based on reciprocal interactions between ventral foregut endoderm and adjacent mesenchymal tissues. Targeted disruption of the LIM-homeobox gene Lhx2 has revealed that it is important for the expansion of the liver during embryonic development, whereas it appears not to be involved in the induction of hepatic fate. It is not known whether Lhx2 is expressed in the endodermal or mesenchymal portion of the liver, or if the cells normally expressing Lhx2 are absent or present in the liver of Lhx2(-/-) embryos. To address this we have analyzed gene expression from the Lhx2 locus during hepatic development in wild type and Lhx2(-/-) mice. Lhx2 is expressed in cells of the septum transversum mesenchyme adjacent to the liver bud from embryonic day 9. The hepatic cords subsequently migrate into and intermingle with the Lhx2+ cells of the septum transversum mesenchyme. Lhx2 expression is thereafter maintained in a subpopulation of mesenchymal cells in the liver until adult life. In adult liver the Lhx2+ mesenchymal cells co-express desmin, a marker associated with stellate cells. At embryonic day 10.5, cells expressing the mutant Lhx2 allel are present in Lhx2(-/-) livers, and expression of Hlx, hepatocyte growth factor, Hex and Prox1, genes known to be important in liver development, is independent of functional Lhx2 expression. Thus, Lhx2 is specifically expressed in the liver-associated septum transversum mesenchyme that subsequently becomes an integral part of the liver and the formation of these mesenchymal cells does not require functional Lhx2.
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| 16. |
- Kotarsky, Heike, et al.
(author)
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BCS1L is expressed in critical regions for neural development during ontogenesis in mice.
- 2007
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X. ; 7, s. 266-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BCS1L is a chaperone necessary for the incorporation of Rieske Fes and Qcr10p into complex III (CIII) of the respiratory chain. Mutations in the BCS1L gene cause early fetal growth restriction and a lethal neonatal disease in humans, however, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we analysed the expression of BCS1L during mouse embryonic development and compared its expression with that of the mitochondrial markers Porin, GRIM 19, Core 1, and Rieske Fes. BCS1L was strongly expressed in embryonic tissues already at embryonic days 7 (E7) and 9 whereas the expression of Porin and Rieske Fes was not as evident at this time point. At E 11, BCS1L, Porin, and Rieske Fes had overlapping expression patterns in organs known to contain high numbers of mitochondria such as heart, liver and somites. In contrast, BCS1L was differently distributed compared to the mitochondrial proteins Porin, Rieske FeS, Core I and Grim 19 in the floor plate of the E 11, E 12 and E 13 neural tube. These results show that the expression pattern of BCS1L only partially overlaps with the expression of Porin and Rieske Fes. Thus, BCS1L alone or in cooperation with Rieske FES may during development have previously unknown functions beside its role in assembly of complex III. The floor plate of the neural tube is essential for dorsal ventral patterning and the guidance of the developing neurons to their targets. The predominant expression of BCS1L in this region, together with its presence in peripheral ganglia from E13 onwards, indicates a role for BCS1L in the development of neural structures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Nelander Wahlestedt, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Organization of the human embryonic ventral mesencephalon.
- 2009
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7298 .- 1567-133X. ; 9, s. 555-561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The neurons in the ventral mesencephalon (VM) are organized into several nuclei consisting of distinct neuronal populations. These include the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substania nigra and ventral tegmental area, the oculomotor (OM) neurons that innervate the muscles controlling eye movement, and the reticular neurons of the red nucleus (RN) involved in motor control and coordination reviewed in Puelles (2007). The factors and genes that control the differentiation of the various neuronal populations in the VM have been extensively studied in the mouse and other model organisms but little is known about the progenitors and their protein expression in the developing human brain. In this study we analyze if key regulators identified in rodents are also expressed in the human VM during embryonic development. We report that BLBP and LMX1A mark the floor plate and that FOXA2 is expressed in both the floor plate and basal plate of the human VM. The proneural transcription factors NGN2 and MASH1 are expressed in the ventricular zone of the human VM within and lateral to the floor plate. The post-mitotic DA neurons express TH as well as NURR1 and PITX3. ISL1 and BRN3A can be used to detect the cells of OM and RN, respectively. We show that many key developmental control factors are expressed in a temporal and spatial manner in the human VM essentially corresponding to what has been observed in the mouse. This data therefore suggest similar roles for these factors also in human VM development and dopamine neurogenesis.
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| 18. |
- Ruiz, Santiago, et al.
(author)
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Spatio-temporal pattern of cells expressing the clock genes period and timeless and the lineages of period expressing neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila melanogaster.
- 2010
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 10:6, s. 274-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The initial steps towards the generation of cell diversity in the central nervous system of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster take place during early phases of embryonic development when a stereotypic population of neural progenitor cells (neuroblasts and midline precursors) is formed in a precise spatial and temporal pattern, and subsequently expresses a particular sequence of genes. The clarification of the positional, temporal and molecular features of the individual progenitor cells in the nerve cord and brain as well as of their specific types of neuronal and/or glial progeny cells forms an essential basis to understand the mechanisms controlling their development. The present study contributes to this effort by tracing the expression of period and timeless, two genes that encode transcription factors with a key role in the molecular mechanism of the biological clock. Using a combination of genetic markers and immunocytochemistry with antibodies specific for period and timeless we define the number, location, origin and lineage of period cells in the nerve cord throughout embryogenesis. We also provide the first description of the expression of timeless in the embryonic central nervous system. We found a major transformation in the number and types of cells that express period and timeless takes place between embryonic and larval life.
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| 19. |
- Rus, Florentina, et al.
(author)
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Expression pattern of Filamin-240 in Drosophila blood cells.
- 2006
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In: Gene Expr Patterns. - 1567-133X. ; 6:8, s. 928-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The expression pattern of Filamin-240 was studied in subsets of Drosophila blood cells by means of immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis with use of an antibody specific to a "filamin-folding domain", a consensus motif profile generated from the 20 existing filamin repeats. Expression of Filamin-240 is restricted to lamellocytes - a special blood cell type of the cellular immune response - and is involved in the regulation of lamellocyte development. In the cher1 homozygous larvae, which lack Filamin-240 protein, a vigorous lamellocyte differentiation occurs which is further enhanced upon in vivo immune challenge by a parasitic wasp, Leptopilina boulardi. By introducing a full-length transgene encoding the Drosophila Filamin-240 protein into the cher1 Filamin-deficient homozygous mutant, the mutant blood cell phenotype was rescued. These data demonstrate that the expression of Filamin-240 is strictly lamellocyte specific in Drosophila blood cells and that the protein is a suppressor of lamellocyte development.
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| 20. |
- Sjödal, My, et al.
(author)
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Expression patterns of Shh, Ptc2, Raldh3, Pitx2, Isl1, Lim3 and Pax6 in the developing chick hypophyseal placode and Rathke's pouch.
- 2008
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 8:7-8, s. 481-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The adenohypophysis is derived from a structure called the Rathke's pouch, which is an invagination of the hypophyseal placode. Hedgehog (Hh) and retinoic acid (RA) signals as well as several transcription factors have been suggested to play a role in the development of the adenohypophysis. We have therefore examined the expression pattern of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), the hedgehog receptor Patched2 (Ptc2), the retinoic acid producing enzyme Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase3 (Raldh3) and four transcription factors, Pitx2, Isl1, Lim3 and Pax6 in chick embryos from head fold stage to embryonic day (E) 4.5. We show that already at the head fold stage, Ptc2 is expressed in prospective hypophyseal placodal cells and that Shh is expressed in the underlying mesoderm. Moreover, Shh continues to be expressed in tissues surrounding the prospective adenohypophysis, and Ptc2 is expressed in prospective hypophyseal cells. Lim3 and Pax6 are expressed from stage 10 in the prospective hypophyseal placode, whereas Pitx2 starts to be expressed before stage 10. Pitx2 is together with Pax6 expressed in the entire domain of the Rathke's pouch. Raldh3 is detected at the 20 somite stage and is together with Lim3 expressed in the anterior part of the Rathke's pouch. Isl1 is expressed in the most posterior part of the hypophyseal ectoderm in a complementary pattern to Raldh3 and Lim3.
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| 21. |
- Skottheim Honn, John, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of twin of eyeless during Drosophila development
- 2016
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In: Gene Expression Patterns. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-133X .- 1872-7298. ; 20:2, s. 120-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Pax-6 protein is vital for eye development in all seeing animals, from sea urchins to humans. Either of the Pax6 genes in Drosophila (twin of eyeless and eyeless) can induce a gene cascade leading to formation of entire eyes when expressed ectopically. The twin of eyeless (toy) gene in Drosophila is expressed in the anterior region of the early fly embryo. At later stages it is expressed in the brain, ventral nerve cord and (eventually) the visual primordium that gives rise to the eye-antennal imaginal discs of the larvae. These discs subsequently form the major part of the adult head, including compound eyes. We have searched for genes that are required for normal toy expression in the early embryo to elucidate initiating events of eye organogenesis. Candidate genes identified by mutation analyses were subjected to further knock-out and miss-expression tests to investigate their interactions with toy. Our results indicate that the head-specific gap gene empty spiracles can act as a repressor of Toy, while ocelliless (oc) and spalt major (salm) appear to act as positive regulators of toy gene expression. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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