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Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Ahlers, R., et al. (author) Unleashing Entrepreneurs or Controlling Unruly Providers? : The Formalisation of Small-scale Water Providers in Greater Maputo, Mozambique 2013 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 49:4, s. 470-482 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The existing legal and policy framework regulating water service provision in Greater Maputo, Mozambique appears fixated on the official service areas. In doing so it inadequately addresses the geographically varied service provision modalities which characterise the city. We argue that the predominant legal and policy framework does little to support development of improved services in areas unserved by the formal utility. Although ad hoc measures recognising small-scale providers as a temporary alternative to service provision by a formal utility have been implemented, these measures appear designed to increase control over these providers rather than support the service delivery capacity of small-scale providers.
2.	Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al. (author) Gold Mining and Education: A Long-run Resource Curse in Africa? 2020 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 56:9, s. 1745-1762 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Combining Afrobarometer survey data with geocoded data on the discovery and shutdown dates of gold mines, we show that individuals who had gold mines within their district when they were in adolescence have significantly lower educational attainment as adults. Exploring mechanisms, we find that this effect is not driven by endogenous migration, nor a higher incidence of conflicts, nor by a lower provision of schools in mining districts. While data limitations prevent us from fully exploring other channels, prior work as well as suggestive evidence point towards a higher incidence of child labour in mining district as the main mechanism.
3.	Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al. (author) Tax Innovations and Public Revenues in Africa 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:6, s. 689-706 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We study the effect of two tax innovations – value added taxes (VAT) and autonomous revenue authorities (ARA) – on tax revenues in sub-Saharan Africa. The dataset consists of 47 countries over 1980–2010. We find that VATs have no effect on total tax revenues, neither in the short- nor in the long-run. ARAs lead to higher tax revenues in the short- and medium-run, but the effect dissipates over time. The main conclusion is that tax innovations are not a panacea to overcome the revenue shortages in African countries, but they are helpful in the short- and medium-run.
4.	Alobo Loison, Sarah Harriet (author) Rural Livelihood Diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:9, s. 1125-1138 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the nature and evolution of rurallivelihood diversification in sub-Saharan Africa, and the situation regarding smallholders. It reveals mixedfindings about the causes and consequences of livelihood diversification on rural smallholders adopting thisstrategy. A lot of evidence from the literature suggests that it is relatively better-off smallholders with sufficientassets who achieve successful livelihood diversification, mainly by exploiting opportunities and synergies betweenfarm and nonfarm activities. Because of asset constraints, increase in incomes and wealth based on livelihooddiversification has not yet benefitted the large majority of smallholders.
5.	Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al. (author) Assessing the Effect of Microfinance on Vulnerability and Poverty among Low Income Households 2012 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 48:5, s. 605-618 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We empirically investigate whether participation in the Indian Self Help Group (SHG) microfinance programme has helped reduced poverty and household vulnerability using cross-sectional SHG rural household survey data. The potential selection bias is eliminated by propensity score matching to estimate the average treatment on treated effect using nearest neighbour matching and a local linear regression algorithm. We find that vulnerability in SHG members is not significantly higher than in non-SHG members, even though the SHG members have a high incidence of poverty. However, vulnerability declines significantly for those that have been SHG members for more than one year. These results are found to be robust using sensitivity analysis and the Rosenbaum bounds method.
6.	Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al. (author) The impact of microfinance on factors empowering women : Differences in regional and delivery mechanisms in India’s SHG programme 2017 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Routledge. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 53:5, s. 684-699 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We examine how the impact on women empowerment varies with respect to the location and type of group linkage of the respondent. Using household survey data from five states in India, we correct for selection bias to estimate a structural equation model. Our results reveal that in the southern states of India empowerment of women takes place through economic factors. For the other states, we find a significant correlation between women empowerment and autonomy in women’s decision-making and network, communication and political participation respectively. We do not however find any differential causal impact of different delivery methods (linkage models).
7.	Bezabih, Mintewab, et al. (author) The Role of Land Certification in Reducing Gaps in Productivity between Male- and Female-Owned Farms in Rural Ethiopia 2016 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 52:3, s. 360-376 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper analyses the impact of a low-cost land certification programme on the productivity of female-headed households. The hypotheses tested in the paper emphasise on the interaction between the constraints that female-headed households face in terms of insecure land tenure, lack of productive resources and suboptimal land market participation, on the one hand, and the tenure security benefits of certification on the other. Our findings show that land certification has a positive effect on land market participation and productivity. Our analysis also suggests higher marginal effects of certification on female-headed households' productivity, compared to the male ones.
8.	Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al. (author) Tariffs and Firm Performance in Ethiopia 2016 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 52:7, s. 986-1001 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We use data on Ethiopian manufacturing firms and commodity-level data on tariffs to examine the effects of trade liberalisation on firm performance. We distinguish the productivity gains that arise from reducing final goods tariffs from those that arise from reducing tariffs on intermediate inputs. We find no evidence that output tariff reduction improves productivity, but we find large positive effects of input tariff reductions. These are robust to alternative productivity measures, treating tariffs as endogenous, and various generalisations of the model. We conclude that policy measures designed to facilitate access to inputs produced abroad may lead to productivity gains.
9.	Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al. (author) Community Health Educators and Maternal Health: Experimental Evidence from Northern Nigeria 2023 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor and Francis Group. - 1743-9140 .- 0022-0388. ; 59:1, s. 73-93 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract The slow pace of improvement in service delivery and health outcomes for pregnant women and newborns in developing countries has been a major concern for policy makers in recent decades. This paper presents the results from a randomized controlled trial of a community health worker program designed to enhance uptake of child and maternal health services in Northern Nigeria. Three interventions were evaluated: the deployment of community health educators, health educators with the provision of safe birth kits, and health educators with community dramas. The results suggest that the interventions increased utilization of antenatal, postnatal, and infant care. Maternal and newborn health practices improved as well as health knowledge. In addition, the community health worker program was more effective when supplemented with additional program components.
10.	Bonnier, Evelina, et al. (author) Foreign Aid and Female Empowerment 2024 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-9140 .- 0022-0388. ; 60:5, s. 662-684 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We estimate the community-level impact of foreign aid projects on women's empowerment in the country with the most complete recent record of geo-coded aid project placement, Malawi. Our estimates can thus be interpreted as the average impact of aid from many different donors and diverse projects. We find that aid in general has a positive impact, in particular on an index of female agency and women's sexual and fertility preferences. Gender-targeted aid has a further positive impact on women's sexual and fertility preferences , and more tentatively on an index focusing on gender-based violence. However, the positive impact of gender-targeted aid disappears in patrilineal communities, and men's attitudes towards female agency in the areas of sexuality and fertility are even negatively affected. This suggests that donors need to consider that the impact of aid on female empowerment can depend on the community context when they decide on aid project design and placement.
11.	Broms, Rasmus, 1984 (author) Putting Up or Shutting Up: On the Individual-Level Relationship between Taxpaying and Political Interest in a Developmental Context 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:1, s. 93-109 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Historical research, mainly focused on early-modern Europe, has suggested a positive link between taxation and democracy. This study approaches the connection in a present-day developmental context by looking at differences between taxpayers and non-taxpaying citizens in terms of political interest, a precondition for accountability demands. Using survey data from sub-Saharan Africa, a multilevel analysis shows that taxpaying increases political interest. The causal direction of this finding is confirmed through an instrumental variable analysis. The results support the existence of the mechanisms underlying the theory of taxation working as a generator of political engagement and democracy.
12.	Charron, Nicholas (author) “The Impact of Socio-Political Integration and Press Freedom on Corruption.” 2009 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 45:1, s. 1-22 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The analyses in this study demonstrate a more nuanced understanding of a previously understood phenomenon — that openness has a negative relationship with corruption. It is argued that this relationship is substantially influenced by the domestic context, a relationship that has been underdeveloped by previous empirical studies. Focusing on social and political integration, I find that the effect of openness on corruption is conditioned by domestic institutions. The empirical evidence suggests that while political and social openness have a significant impact in combating corruption given a free press, the impact of such international forces are negligible in cases where press freedoms are low.
13.	de Bont, Chris, 1990-, et al. (author) State Engagement with Farmer-led Irrigation Development : Symbolic Irrigation Modernisation and Disturbed Development Trajectories in Tanzania 2020 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 56:12, s. 2154-2168 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Farmer-led irrigation development, a process in which farmers initiate the establishment of irrigation, is increasingly recognised as the driving force behind irrigation expansion, agricultural intensification, and commercialisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Governments and development agencies aim to build upon these practices to further stimulate agricultural production and expand the irrigated area. In what seems the recognition of farmers’ ability to take the lead, various African states have developed policies for ‘demand-driven irrigation development’. This article scrutinises the actual practices of such a policy through a case analysis of an intervention in Northern Tanzania. The analysis demonstrates how even demand-driven policies can disturb the development trajectory of farmer-led irrigation development by reinforcing modernisation ideals adhered to by both farmers and government employees. An emphasis on the aesthetics of modernity leads to symbolic modernisation, cementing the dominant role of the state and formal expertise and paralysing farmers’ irrigation development initiatives. This does not necessarily lead to agricultural intensification and commercialisation, which the formal policies seem to aim for and which is central to processes of farmer-led irrigation development.
14.	Duveskog, Deborah (author) Farmer Field Schools in Rural Kenya: A Transformative Learning Experience 2011 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 47, s. 1529-1544 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract As participatory agricultural education increases in use, knowledge is needed of its impact on the daily lives of the participants beyond benefits for farming. The purpose of this study was to explore the case of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) under the lens of transformative learning theory, in order to understand the impact that participatory and group-based learning can have on the lives of participants. The findings revealed significant impacts demonstrated by a personal transformation, changes in gender roles and relations, customs and traditions, and community relations, and an increase in household economic development. The implications are relevant both within the fields of rural development and for transformative learning theory.
15.	Engström, Linda, et al. (author) Conjuring 'Win-World' - Resilient Development Narratives in a Large-Scale Agro-Investment in Tanzania 2019 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 55, s. 1201-1220 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Through a case study of a public-private partnership (PPP) for development in which the Swedish development agency Sida supported a Swedish company trying to implement a large-scale agro-investment in sugarcane in Tanzania, we unpack the underpinnings of what we call 'win-world', a resilient development narrative maintained by actors promoting the investment. Rich empirical descriptions show that this narrative was highly resilient to accumulated academic knowledge and current real-world problems. We found that the privatisation of development increased the resilience of the narrative to evidence of its own shortcomings.
16.	Gangopadhyay, Shubhashis, et al. (author) Cash or In-kind Transfers? Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in Delhi, India 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:6, s. 660-673 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article examines a randomised intervention in Delhi, India, that provided unconditional cash transfers to a group of households as a replacement for the food security offered by a below-poverty-level card. The experimental approach can differentiate beneficial effects due to either unconditional cash transfers or newly opened bank accounts. The unconditional cash transfer does not induce a decline in food security; rather, it provides opportunities for households to shift to other nutritious options in non-cereal product categories.
17.	Ghosh, Ranjan Kumar (author) The Role of Access Mechanisms in Effective Rehabilitation of Displaced Farmers Due to Development Projects 2017 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 53, s. 548-564 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper provides an access based explanation of why institutional arrangements of compensation provision for land acquisition often fail to effectively rehabilitate displaced farmers in a developing country context like India. Farmers have a right to claim compensation in case of land takings, which specifies two methods of claim: consent method and arbitration method. Literature indicates that farmers' choice between the two methods has a significant impact on the compensation they receive. Using a binary response model on a primary dataset of 199 displaced farmers from Upper Krishna Irrigation Project, India, we analyse the determinants of this choice. We validate 'access based' hypotheses in choice of compensation and test whether in addition to allocated property rights, benefits actually depend on the 'access mechanisms' farmers have. Results suggest that the choice is governed by access to social identity and information. Therefore, farmers lacking these fail to get resettled despite the presence of a policy framework aimed at their rehabilitation.
18.	Granlund, Stefan (author) 'That Child Support Grant Gives Me Powers' - Exploring Social and Relational Aspects of Cash Transfers in South Africa in Times of Livelihood Change 2019 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article builds on existing literature on the material effects of cash transfers. It explores people's own perceptions of the role of unconditional cash transfers in building, maintaining, and transforming social relations in a small village in rural South Africa. Much of the literature studying the impacts of cash transfers in the global South relies on quantitative measures. Thus, there is a paucity of micro-level qualitative research on beneficiaries' own perspectives on the social impacts of cash transfers. To this end, we explored whether the Child Support Grant, a small cash transfer given to impoverished caregivers of children, changed individual and intra-household relationships, as well as community solidarity in this village. We argue that South Africa's cash transfers have largely had positive social transformative effects on individuals, in relation to a sense of dignity, autonomy and increased decision-making powers for primary caregivers, usually mothers or grandmothers. Positive effects were also perceived in relation to these households and communities, although some contested effects and limitations were also found. These findings are of interest in the ongoing broader debates around the effects of cash transfers globally as well as regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa.
19.	Isaksson, Ann-Sofie, 1980 (author) Corruption Along Ethnic Lines: A Study of Individual Corruption Experiences in 17 African Countries 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:1, s. 80-92 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract While a growing literature relates macro variation in corruption to ethnic divisions, existing studies have paid little attention to the possible existence of systematic micro variation in corruption along ethnic lines. This paper examines whether individual corruption experiences vary systematically depending on ethnic group affiliation and the nature of this possible variation. Empirical findings drawing on data for over 23,000 respondents in 17 African countries indeed suggest that individual corruption experiences vary systematically along ethnic lines. Belonging to influential ethnic groups - in terms of group size or economic/political standing - is associated with a greater probability of having experienced corruption.
20.	Isaksson, Ann-Sofie, 1980, et al. (author) The Gender Gap in African Political Participation: Testing Theories of Individual and Contextual Determinants 2014 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 50:2, s. 302-318 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article aims to test whether existing theories of what factors underlie the gender gap in political participation apply in an African context. Empirical estimations drawing on recent data covering over 27,000 respondents across 20 African emerging democracies suggest that whereas several of the investigated factors – structural differences in individual resource endowments and employment, and cultural differences based in religious affiliations – are found to be important determinants of participation, they explain only a very modest share of the observed gender gaps. Suggestive evidence instead points to the role of clientelism, restricted civil liberties, economic development and gender norms.
21.	Jonasson, Erik (author) Government Effectiveness and Regional Variation in Informal Employment 2012 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 48:4, s. 481-497 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abstract in UndeterminedThis article analyses the role of government effectiveness in the determination of informal employment. A theoretical model is developed, in which local governance and worker skill level are assumed to influence the decision of the worker whether to seek employment in the formal or informal sectors. The model is assessed empirically using data from Brazil, where almost half of the urban labour force is employed informally. The empirical analysis supports the predictions of the model and suggests that the probability of a worker being employed informally is lower in regions with better governance and higher average education.
22.	Juselius, Katarina, et al. (author) The real exchange rate, foreign aid and macroeconomic transmission mechanisms in Tanzania and Ghana 2017 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 53:7, s. 1075-1103 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A recent study of 36 sub-Saharan African countries found a positive impact of aid in the majority of these countries. However, for Tanzania and Ghana, two major aid recipients, aid did not seem to have been equally beneficial. This study singles out these two countries for a more detailed empirical investigation. The focus is on the effect of aid when allowing external and nominal factors to play a role in the macroeconomic transmission mechanism. We conclude that when monetary and external factors are properly accounted for, then aid has been pivotal to growth in both real GDP and investment.
23.	Kadfak, Alin, 1981 (author) More than Just Fishing: The Formation of Livelihood Strategies in an Urban Fishing Community in Mangaluru, India 2020 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 56:11, s. 2030-2044 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article examines livelihood strategies of fishers and youth in an urban fishing community in India. Situated next to the busiest fishing harbour in Karnataka, I show how proximity to the city provides fishers and youth broader occupational choices to diversify their livelihoods by intensifying or taking on several fisheries-based activities, moving into the service sector, or getting urban jobs. Urban conditions have largely influenced how fishers and youth decide their livelihood strategy. The article shows how the fishers and youth have employed livelihood diversification via both accumulation and risk management strategies. Due to the lack of analysis drawing on urban fisheries case studies, the narratives of small-scale fisheries have largely been based on rural contexts, which often portrait small-scale fishers as either inefficient or vulnerable. This study, however, allows us to open up existing small-scale fisheries narratives to view fishers as active agents. Therefore, this study calls for more systematic emphasis on studying urban implications in small-scale fishing communities with important repercussions for urban fishers and their livelihood strategies.
24.	Kolk, Martin (author) Government Transfers to Parents and Population Policy in a Global Perspective : An Economic Demographic Perspective 2021 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 57:9, s. 1483-1498 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The world is rapidly converging towards lower fertility: in 2020, countries with a total fertility rate of less than 2.25 will encompass more than three-quarters of the world population. This implies that the determinants of childbearing will be increasingly similar in high-income and middle-income regions of the world. In this article, I discuss economic demography in relation to levels of childbearing. How do different societies distribute resources across the life course and between generations, and to what extent is this done through governmental transfers? The extent of such transfers varies considerably between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, which I explored through data from the National Transfers Account project. I argue that in low-fertility societies, the extent to which the costs of childrearing are socialised is important for fertility. The extent to which childrearing is socialised will be an important determinant of future fertility levels and, if used as a population policy, offers a straightforward pathway to achieve a desirable population size. As the global fertility decline continues, such policies will be relevant to most societies and a tool for governments to affect fertility levels across many contexts.
25.	Kong, Sherry Tao, et al. (author) Digitally Down to the Countryside : Fintech and Rural Development in China 2021 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Digital finance has changed the landscape of financial service provision worldwide. China in particular, with a booming fintech sector and large numbers of users, is at the forefront of the expansion of digital financial services. As such, the country has become an important case for better understanding how fintech operates and what its expansion entails for socioeconomic development. This paper focuses on the provision of new models of digital finance in rural China by two Internet giants – JD and Alibaba. Against the backdrop of decades of generally unsuccessful attempts to expand financial coverage in rural areas by conventional bricks-and-mortar financial institutions, these two rural fintech models have the potential to expand digital financial service provision in new ways. This paper critically examines these fintech models, contextualises them within the broader trajectory of pushes to expand digital financial inclusion worldwide, considers the parallels with agricultural supplier contracting systems elsewhere, and explores the potential benefits and risks that they pose for rural development and rural livelihoods in China and elsewhere.
26.	Kratou, Hajer, et al. (author) The impact of academic freedom on democracy in Africa 2021 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. Journal article (peer-reviewed)
27.	Lagerkvist, Carl-Johan, et al. (author) Consumer Willingness to Pay for Safer Vegetables in Urban Markets of a Developing Country: The Case of Kale in Nairobi, Kenya 2013 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 49, s. 365-382 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The rapid urban population growth, rising level of urban poverty, and problems with food supply and distribution systems have increased the importance of developing local supplies of perishable produce of safe and good nutritional value in developing countries. This examination of consumer preferences for food safety across major urban fresh vegetable market categories revealed that the explanations behind purchase intentions were market segment-specific. There is a need to target agricultural policies relating to handling practices and for public health policies to be more differentiated in promoting food safety.
28.	Lipsey, Robert E, et al. (author) Foreign Ownership and Employment Growth in a Developing Country 2013 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 49:8, s. 1133-1147 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Many developing countries would like to increase employment in the formal sectors. One way to accomplish this goal may be to encourage the entrance of foreign firms. We examine employment growth in Indonesian plants taken over by foreign owners from domestic ones. We also examine the effect of FDI during different trade regimes and the timing of employment effects following an acquisition. For plants that change the nationality of ownership, we find a strong effect of shifts from domestic to foreign ownership in raising the growth rate of employment, but no significant effects of shifts from foreign to domestic ownership.
29.	Muchapondwa, Edwin, et al. (author) ‘Ground-Truthing’ Chinese Development Finance in Africa: Field Evidence from South Africa and Uganda 2016 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 52:6, s. 780-796 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
30.	Newman, Carol, et al. (author) Linked-in by FDI: The Role of Firm-Level Relationships for Knowledge Transfers in Africa and Asia 2020 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 56:3, s. 451-468 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract © 2019, © 2019 UNU-WIDER. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study combines evidence from interviews in seven countries with (i) government institutions responsible for attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), (ii) 102 multinationals (MNEs), and (iii) 226 domestic firms linked to these foreign affiliates as suppliers, customers, or competitors, to identify whether relations between MNEs and domestic firms lead to direct transfers of knowledge/technology. We first document that there are relatively few linkages between MNEs and domestic firms in sub-Saharan Africa compared with Asia. However, when linkages are present in sub-Saharan Africa they raise the likelihood of direct knowledge/technology transfers from MNEs to domestic firms as compared to linked-in firms in Asia. Finally, we do not find that direct knowledge/technology transfers are more likely to occur through FDI than through trade. As such our results are not consistent with the view that tacit knowledge transfers are more likely to occur through localised linkages.
31.	Nilsson, Pia, 1980- (author) The role of land use consolidation in improving crop yields among farm households in Rwanda 2019 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 55:8, s. 1726-1740 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Relative to other developing regions, the role of land consolidation in increasing crop yields is poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper examines the role of land use consolidation on agricultural productivity among smallholder farmers in Rwanda. Household-level data are used to estimate a fixed-effects model with matched control groups to mitigate selection bias. The study finds a positive association between land use consolidation and crop yields, but only among farm households with landholdings greater than one hectare, which is well above the average farm size in Rwanda. Findings also point to the importance of non-organic fertilisers and irrigation as there appear to be significant benefits associated with further increases in their use among the consolidated farms.
32.	Oppenheim, Ben, et al. (author) Citizens by Design? : Explaining Ex-Combatant Satisfaction With Reintegration Programming 2018 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 54:1, s. 133-152 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract After armed conflict, there is often a surge in programmes designed to consolidate the peace. During the transition to peace, the quality of programme management has been argued to shape public perceptions about government and citizenship. What aspects of programme management are most important? What implementation failures have the greatest negative effects? We study these questions in the context of a reintegration programme for former combatants in Colombia. We find evidence that programme implementation has strong impacts on participant satisfaction, regardless of programme outcomes. This suggests that how benefits are delivered matters as much as what is delivered.
33.	Oskarsson, Sven, et al. (author) Does Oil Still Hinder Democracy? 2010 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 46:6, s. 1067-1083 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study is to re-examine the support for the 'oil hinders democracy' hypothesis. Following Michael Ross' seminal article 'Does oil hinder democracy?' (2001), the hypothesis has been supported by a number of cross-national empirical tests. We will proceed along two routes, one conceptual and one temporal/contextual. Using time-series cross-section data from 132 countries between 1977-2006 we find that Ross' theory does not stand the test of time, and that a broader conceptual take on the notion of democracy has left the theory more inconclusive than in previous studies. The jury appears to be out concerning the generality of the 'oil hinders democracy' hypothesis.
34.	Roos, Anders, et al. (author) Factors Associated with the Performance of User Groups in a Participatory Forest Management around Dodola Forest in the Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia 2012 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 48, s. 1665-1682 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study analysed and determined factors associated with performance in collective action of a forest under participatory forest management in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected in 22 user groups and a performance index was computed using indicators including forest cover change, households' perception of the change and satisfaction in their livelihoods, management activity, and length of overdue rent payment. The results show that heterogeneity, level of forest dependence and geographical variables such as altitude and distance to town are important variables that may affect the performance of user groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking into account the needs of members of user groups, differences among local people in dependence on forest income, and differences in values attached to the forest in the design of participatory forest management.
35.	Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu, et al. (author) Women, Wealth and Waterborne Disease: Smallholders’ Willingness to Pay for a Multiple-Use Water Scheme in Ethiopia 2018 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 54:3, s. 426-440 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article identifies factors which contribute to households’ willingness to pay for improving and protecting a multiple-use water scheme in Ethiopia. It does so through descriptive statistics, a probit model and contingent valuation methods complemented with qualitative data. Estimates suggest farmers’ willingness to pay is based on gender, the prevalence of waterborne disease, the time to collect water, contact with extension services, access to credit, level of income and location. Respondents would pay 3.43% of average income to participate. Consideration of how gendered norms influence women’s access to extension, credit and local markets could extend the benefits of such schemes.
36.	Shiferaw, A., et al. (author) Road Infrastructure and Enterprise Dynamics in Ethiopia 2015 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:11, s. 1541-1558 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We analyse the relationship between road infrastructure quality and the location choice and entry size of manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. We use GIS-based panel data on town-level measures of road infrastructure and census-based panel data on firms. Our dataset covers a period of considerable improvements in road infrastructure as a result of major public investments. We find that local infrastructure is important for entry, while more extensive market connectivity is important for the entry of large firms. We conclude that improved infrastructure has been associated with favourable outcomes with respect to entry patterns and firm size in Ethiopia's manufacturing sector.
37.	Skyrman, Viktor, et al. (author) Book Review; The Case for a New Bretton Woods By Kevin P. Gallagher & Richard Kozul-Wright : Cambridge : Polity , 2022, 140 pp. ISBN: 978-1-509-54653-4 2023 In: Journal of Development Studies. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 59:11, s. 1780-1781 Review (other academic/artistic)
38.	Skyrman, Viktor Harry Lennart, et al. (author) The Case for a New Bretton Woods 2023 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 1743-9140 .- 0022-0388. Review (other academic/artistic)abstract Amid anemic growth, mounting economic insecurity, and ecological breakdown, there is growing pressure for a ‘New Bretton Woods’ system. But what would a 21st century Bretton Woods system look like in practice, and how could such a system take shape? Drawing on heterodox economics and development studies, Kevin Gallagher and Richard Kozul-Wright explore these questions in a concise format suitable for graduate students and practitioners. The authors provide a data-driven, historically grounded, and power-focused analysis of how a new Bretton Woods could limit financial instability, thwart uneven economic development, and channel finance into the green transition.
39.	Sommer, Jamie M., et al. (author) The United States, Bilateral Debt-for-Nature Swaps, and Forest Loss : A Cross-National Analysis 2020 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 56:4, s. 748-764 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We engage with the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of debt-for-nature swaps in promoting environmental protection. We present cross-national evidence that US bilateral debt-for-nature swaps are associated with less forest loss. Using a two-stage instrumental variable regression model to analyse a sample of 85 low- and middle-income countries from 2001 to 2014, we find that higher amounts of debt reduction and higher amounts of conservation funds generated as a result of such swaps are associated with lower rates of forest loss.
40.	Song, Ruixia, et al. (author) Can Risk Perception Alter Son Preference? : Evidence from Gender-Imbalanced Rural China 2022 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 58:12, s. 2566-2582 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract It is well established that son preference is the crucial driver for sex ratio imbalance, and that there are risks stemming from such imbalance. Whether risks associated with a gender-imbalanced society may alter son preference will be explored in this study, which has so far received scant scholarly attention. Using data from the Consequences of Gender Imbalance Survey conducted in 2018, exploiting structural equation modelling, this paper shows that risk perception of gender imbalance has a significant and negative effect on stated son preference; however, entrenched traditional norms underpinning the institution of son preference, measured as gender role attitudes and the value of sons, are reinforced by risk perception. The effect of risk perception on weakening stated son preference is suppressed by gender role attitudes and the value of sons which are still upholding stated son preference. Overall, the effects of risk perception and social norms are additive, influencing stated son preference simultaneously, but traditional norms act as counteracting forces. This study makes an important step toward shedding light on both continuity and change in son preference in gender-imbalanced rural China, and offers new perspectives for future research.
41.	Sundberg, Molly, 1982- (author) Local Recruits in Development Finance Institutions : Relocating Global North-South Divides in the International Aid Industry 2023 In: Journal of Development Studies. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 59:11, s. 1635-1651 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This text explores locally recruited staff within a growing category of organisations in the international aid industry: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). DFIs are banks that offer risk capital to development projects in the global South, increasingly using tax-funded aid money. Based on interviews with 13 DFI investment managers, I show how Kenyan DFI staff challenge three of the signature attributes commonly assigned to local development professionals: their 'local' expertise does not contrast with or preclude international expertise, but rather overlaps with it; their formal authority and career ladders are not restricted to technical or support positions - many field offices are headed by local employees; and they rarely face job insecurity given their competitive qualifications and permanent employment contracts. Meanwhile, decisions on investments are rarely taken by these field office staff but by their colleagues at headquarters, and unlike the latter, even those local recruits who head their field offices usually lack a secure place in the global organisation of their DFIs. This suggests that structural inequalities between donor and recipient country staff - integral to the development industry - have not disappeared in DFIs but rather relocated: from within the walls of field offices to the relationship between these offices and headquarters.
42.	Wangel, Marcus, et al. (author) Rural Forest Management in Sierra Leone : The Role of Economic (In)Equality in Facilitating Collective Action 2013 In: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 49:11, s. 1564-1578 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract While significant theoretical developments have been made in the research on common pool resources, heterogeneity remains a contested issue. Focusing on economic inequality, one particular aspect of heterogeneity, we examine its impact in facilitating cooperation in two rural forest communities in Sierra Leone. The findings reinforce prevalent ambiguities in the literature: in the context of economic inequality cooperation was thriving, while in the setting of uniform poverty cooperation was largely absent. Though further research is imperative, the key recommendation is that policies directed towards rural communities should take into account their ability to craft robust self-governing systems.
43.	Rhoads, Elizabeth, et al. (author) Rights Refused: Grassroots Activism and State Violence in Myanmar: By Elliot Prasse-Freeman, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2023. 2024 In: Journal of Development Studies. - 0022-0388. Review (other academic/artistic)
44.	Svensson, Marina (author) China and the International Human Rights Regime: 1982–2017 2024 In: Journal of Development Studies. - 0022-0388. ; 60:2, s. 344-345 Review (other academic/artistic)
45.	Bensch, Staffan, et al. (author) Temporal and spatial variation of hematozoans in Scandinavian willow warblers 2003 In: The Journal of Parasitology. - 0022-3395. ; 89:2, s. 388-391 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We examined temporal and geographical distribution of Haemoproteus sp. and Plasmodium sp. parasites in Swedish willow warblers, Phylloscopus trochilus. Parasite lineages were detected with molecular methods in 556 birds from 41 sites distributed at distances up to 1,500 km. Two mitochondrial lineages of Haemoproteus sp. were detected, WW1 in 56 birds and WW2 in 75 birds, that differed by 5.2% sequence divergence. We discuss the reasons behind the observed pattern of variation and identify 3 possible causes: (1) variation in the geographic distribution of the vector species, (2) the degree of parasite sharing with other bird species coexisting with the willow warbler, and (3) timing of transmission. Our results support a fundamental and rarely tested assumption of the now classical Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis of sexual selection, namely, that these parasites vary in both time and space. Such fluctuations of parasites and the selection pressure they Supposedly impose on the host population are likely to maintain variation in immune system genes in the host population.

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