| 1. |
- Lundqvist, Lars-Olov, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Indonesian adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument : Psychometric properties and factor structure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 1876-2018 .- 1876-2026. ; 34, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Indonesian version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care - Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument.Methods: The QPC-IP is based on a definition of quality of care from the patient's perspective; it consists of 30 items covering six factors. A sample of 150 inpatients at general psychiatric wards in Indonesia completed the QPC-IP questionnaire.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of the Indonesian version was equivalent to that of the original Swedish QPC-IP, with the exception of the secluded environment factor. The results thus demonstrate that the concept of quality of care expressed in the QPC-IP is to a large extent equivalent among inpatients in fundamentally different health care systems and cultural contexts. Internal consistency for the full QPC-IP was adequate, but poor for the separate factors.Conclusion: The Indonesian QPC-IP is a useful instrument for evaluating psychiatric inpatient care, and thus contributes to health care improvement in the field of psychiatry.
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| 2. |
- Phoosuwan, Nitikorn, et al.
(författare)
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Antenatal depressive symptoms during late pregnancy among women in a north-eastern province of Thailand : Prevalence and associated factors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-2018 .- 1876-2026. ; 36, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Globally, depression is prevalent during pregnancy and several factors have been associated with antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS). However, ADS have rarely been investigated in Thailand. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of ADS and factors associated with these symptoms among Thai women in late pregnancy.Methods: A cross-sectional study including 449 women in late pregnancy was carried out. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to detect depressive symptoms with a score of 10 points or higher. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial risks were measured in association with ADS. Percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the prevalence of ADS. Odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were used to determine ADS-related risk factors among women.Results: The prevalence of ADS was 46.8% (95%CI 42.3–51.4). Pregnant women aged less than 20 years (OR 2.58, 95%CI 1.14–5.84) and those not having enough money (OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.22–6.05) had an increased risk of ADS. Psychosocial risks related to ADS for women were low psychological well-being (OR 3.12, 95%CI 1.75–5.58), low self-esteem (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.24–3.49), and low sense of coherence (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.12–2.95).Conclusions: The prevalence of ADS among Thai women in their late pregnancy is high. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors are independently associated with ADS. Healthcare providers in Thailand should consider EPDS as a standardised screening tool for ADS and use it at antenatal care clinics. Implementing programs focusing on both pregnant women and their family might increase the prevention of perinatal depression.
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| 3. |
- Singh, Nagendra Madan, et al.
(författare)
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Early and late postictal cardiac electrophysiological changes associated with low, moderate, and high dose electroconvulsive shocks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 1876-2018 .- 1876-2026. ; 33, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have examined the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on human cardiac electrophysiology. However, no study has so far examined whether these effects vary with the magnitude of the electrical dose used to elicit the seizure. Because the benefits and adverse effects of the ECT seizure are dose-dependent, we examined the effects of different electrical doses of electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on cardiac electrophysiology in an animal model with a view to determine whether cardiac electrophysiology could be a useful proxy to evaluate the quality of the ECT seizure.
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| 4. |
- Seo, Jungryul, et al.
(författare)
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Accurate position and orientation independent step counting algorithm for smartphones
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. - : IOS Press. - 1876-1364 .- 1876-1372. ; 10:6, s. 481-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Step counting (SC) algorithms can be applied to different areas such as well-being applications, games, and indoor navigation. Many existing SC algorithms for smartphones use data from inertial sensors to infer the number of steps taken, but their usefulness in real-life situations is limited since typically only a few positions and orientations are supported. Moreover, the algorithms may suffer from dynamic orientation and position changes during walking. To alleviate these shortcomings, we propose the Position and Orientation Independent Step Counting Algorithm (POISCA), which uses an accelerometer and a gyroscope to count the number of steps while allowing the smartphone’s position and orientation to change dynamically. In a nutshell, the algorithm first determines the orientation of the smartphone, and then detects zero crossings with a predetermined buffer range. 48 young adults (36 males, 12 females) participated in an experiment that simulated a real-life scenario to evaluate the performance of POISCA against three other step counting algorithms. The data from 24 participants were randomly assigned to a training group, which was then used to establish threshold parameters for POISCA. The remaining 24 participants’ data were used for accuracy measurement. The results show that POISCA outperforms the other algorithms with a Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 4.54%, which can be lower if the algorithm is calibrated for each user. The results suggest that POISCA has potential for use in real-life situations where changes in position and orientation of the smartphone are dynamic.
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| 5. |
- Vestin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Emergency department staffs’ knowledge, attitude and patient communication about complementary and alternative medicine – A Swedish survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Integrative Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-3820 .- 1876-3839. ; 19, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: International studies report high use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by emergency department (ED) patients and low levels of knowledge about CAM among registered nurses (RNs) and physicians. However, the current situation in Swedish EDs is unknown. This study explored knowledge, attitudes, and patient communication about CAM among physicians and RNs working within the Swedish ED context. Method: This research was performed as a cross-sectional questionnaire study at six EDs in the middle of Sweden. Results: Both RNs and physicians (84.7% of all participants) rated their CAM knowledge as low, but wished to gain more knowledge in the area (62.7%). A majority (58.8%) of the participants believed it to be of some importance that they had knowledge about CAM. Of the participants, 68% were interested in taking part in CAM research, and 43.8% had the opinion that more research resources should be reserved for CAM research. 41.2% reported their patient communication about CAM as non-existent or low. Conclusion: Knowledge about CAM and CAM research among Swedish ED staff was indicated as very low, but with a presence of gaining more knowledge. The opinion that more funding should be allocated to CAM research existed. Communication with patients about CAM rarely occurred. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH
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| 6. |
- Abelsson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning High-Energy Trauma Care Through Simulation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Simulation in Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1876-1399 .- 1876-1402. ; 17, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation provides the opportunity to learn how to care for patients in complexsituations, such as when patients are exposed to high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents.The aim of the study was to describe nurses’ perceptions of high-energy trauma care through simulationin prehospital emergency care. The study had a qualitative design. Interviews were conductedwith 20 nurses after performing a simulated training series. Data were analyzed using a phenomenographicmethod. The result indicates that simulation establishes, corrects, and confirms knowledge andskills related to trauma care in prehosp ital emergency settings. Trauma knowledge is readily availablein memory and can be quickly retrieved in a future trauma situation.
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| 7. |
- Andersson Lilja, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Mismatch(es) in the [gå och V ‘walk/go’and V] construction in Swedish
- 2018
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Ingår i: Constructions and Frames. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1876-1933 .- 1876-1941. ; 10:2, s. 147-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the pseudo-coordination [ga 'go/walk och 'and' V]. The construction has several meanings and it also has subordination counterparts in Modern Swedish, unlike most Swedish pseudo-coordinations. Our diachronic study shows that [ga och V] cannot readily be reduced to the verbs in isolation and that synchronic lexicocentric perspectives based on syntactic (re)configurations cannot capture the constructional meaning such as the assumed inference of 'surprise' or 'unexpectedness. We argue that a detailed analysis of the historical development makes the picture clearer. In the development of [ga och V], item-based analogy continuously facilitates new verbs in the V slot. At a certain stage, there is a mismatch between the agentivity of the construction and the non-agentivity of events denoted by the second verb. This mismatch is resolved by the override principle that forces non-agentive verbs to be interpreted agentively and promote a more abstract and lexicalized version of the construction. The exemplar-based view to constructions proposed by Bybee (2010, 2013) seems favorable, since frequent exemplars of [ga och V] allow for redundant or marginal features to serve as the model for novel expansions of the construction.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Matches and mismatches in Swedish gå och V 'go/walk and V'. An exemplar-based perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Constructions and Frames. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1876-1933 .- 1876-1941. ; 10:2, s. 147-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the pseudo-coordination [ga 'go/walk och 'and' V]. The construction has several meanings and it also has subordination counterparts in Modern Swedish, unlike most Swedish pseudo-coordinations. Our diachronic study shows that [ga och V] cannot readily be reduced to the verbs in isolation and that synchronic lexicocentric perspectives based on syntactic (re)configurations cannot capture the constructional meaning such as the assumed inference of 'surprise' or 'unexpectedness. We argue that a detailed analysis of the historical development makes the picture clearer. In the development of [ga och V], item-based analogy continuously facilitates new verbs in the V slot. At a certain stage, there is a mismatch between the agentivity of the construction and the non-agentivity of events denoted by the second verb. This mismatch is resolved by the override principle that forces non-agentive verbs to be interpreted agentively and promote a more abstract and lexicalized version of the construction. The exemplar-based view to constructions proposed by Bybee (2010, 2013) seems favorable, since frequent exemplars of [ga och V] allow for redundant or marginal features to serve as the model for novel expansions of the construction.
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| 9. |
- Galli, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing food poverty in systems : governance of food assistance in three European countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 10:6, s. 1353-1370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency food poverty relief is one of the possible entry points to understanding food poverty in affluent societies, whereas the visibility of food poverty relief initiatives has evolved, together with large-scale food recovery organizations and networks aiming at reducing and valorising surplus in food systems. There is a substantial diversity of actors and resources involved, resulting in differently shaped initiatives and programs. It can be described as a continuum encompassing third sector initiatives, large and small businesses, and institutional intervention programs: by bringing together institutions, companies, organisations and civil society, public-private food assistance addresses food poverty in a way that is not viable by any of these actors alone and by adopting context specific governance arrangements. This paper contributes to this debate with the analysis of governance relations in food assistance initiatives across different European countries (Italy, The Netherlands and Ireland). By approaching food assistance from a systems perspective, we further the understanding of these initiatives and their modes of governance. The case studies offer a mapping of food assistance by identifying functions and outcomes, actors and resources involved, and the links the initiatives have to those elements, thus highlighting where collaborative food poverty reduction takes place that goes beyond traditional boundaries. Food assistance initiatives are a civil initiated response shaped by and complementing the social welfare and food systems in which they are embedded. The interpretation of food assistance functions leads to challenging the boundaries of food assistance and potentially triggering innovative approaches to improving food and nutrition security. Discussions show that while they have managed to find innovative and collaborative governance solutions to address the very immediate issues rather effectively, they do not negate the need for food system transformation to address the ultimate reasons for food poverty.
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| 10. |
- Keys, Patrick W., et al.
(författare)
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Green water and African sustainability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 10:3, s. 537-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sub-Saharan Africa faces an enormous challenge in meeting the basic needs of a population that will nearly triple between now and the end of the twenty-first century. Managing water effectively, sustainably, and equitably will be a critical component for meeting this challenge, especially in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We focus on green water (i.e. the water that comprises evaporation and precipitation flows), rather than blue water (i.e. the liquid water flowing in rivers, lakes, and aquifers), since green water is primarily used for food production. We examine three key insights into green water management at their relevant spatial and temporal scales: farm-based food production using the vapor shift (annual, local); landscape and ecosystem interventions (multi-year, national/regional), and moisture recycling (decadal, regional/continental). As such, these insights are organized into a spatial and temporal framework, which helps to clarify how feedbacks within and among these different scales create opportunities for intervention. Our key finding is that green water management at the landscape-scale constitutes the best entry point for providing leverage at both smaller and larger scales, in terms of time, space, and policy. We conclude by highlighting the urgent need for much more resilient, cross-scale green water systems that can accommodate the impending, nonstationary changes related to climate change. This urgency is further underlined by the very short time horizon for achieving the SDGs by 2030.
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| 11. |
- Lager, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Underwater terrain navigation during realistic scenarios
- 2018
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Ingår i: Multisensor Fusion and Integration in the Wake of Big Data, Deep Learning and Cyber Physical System - An Edition of the Selected Papers from the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems MFI 2017. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1876-1100 .- 1876-1119. - 9783319905082 ; 501, s. 186-209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many ships today rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), for their navigation, where GPS (Global Positioning System) is the most well-known. Unfortunately, the GNSS systems make the ships dependent on external systems, which can be malfunctioning, be jammed or be spoofed. There is today some proposed techniques where, e.g., bottom depth measurements are compared with known maps using Bayesian calculations, which results in a position estimation. Both maps and navigational sensor equipment are used in these techniques, most often relying on high-resolution maps, with the accuracy of the navigational sensors being less important. Instead of relying on high-resolution maps and low accuracy navigation sensors, this paper presents an implementation of the opposite, namely using low-resolution maps, but compensating this by using high-accuracy navigational sensors and fusing data from both bottom depth measurements and magnetic field measurements. A Particle Filter uses the data to estimate a position, and as a second step, a Kalman Filter enhances the accuracy even further. The algorithm has been tuned and evaluated using both a medium and a high-accuracy Inertial System. Comparisons of the various tuning methods are presented along with their performance results. The results from the simulated tests, described in this paper, show that for the high-end Inertial System, the mean position error is 10.2 m, and the maximum position error is 33.0 m during a 20 h test, which in most cases would be accurate enough to use for navigation.
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| 12. |
- Lana, Marcos
(författare)
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Is dry soil planting an adaptation strategy for maize cultivation in semi-arid Tanzania?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 10, s. 897-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture has the greatest potential to lift the African continent out of poverty and alleviate hunger. Among the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania has an abundance of natural resources and major agricultural potential. However, one of the most important constraints facing Tanzania's agricultural sector is the dependence on unreliable and irregular weather, including rainfall. A strategy to cope with climate uncertainty in semi-arid regions is to proceed with the sowing of the crop before the onset of the rainy season. The advantage is that when the rains start, seeds are already in the soil and can begin immediately the process of germination. The objective of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of dry-soil planting for maize as an adaptation strategy in the context of a changing climate in Dodoma, a semi-arid region in Tanzania. For this assessment, the DSSAT crop model was used in combination with climate scenarios based on representative concentration pathways. A probability of crop failure of more than 80% can be expected when sowing occurs during the planting window (of 21 days) starting on 1st November. The next planting window we assessed, starting on 23rd November (which was still before the onset of rain), presented significantly lower probabilities of crop failure, indicating that sowing before the onset of the rainy season is a suitable adaptation strategy. Results also indicated that, despite not reaching the highest maize grain yields, fields prepared for dry-soil planting still produced adequate yields. The cultivation of several fields using the dry planting method is a strategy farmers can use to cope with low rainfall conditions, since it increases the chances of harvesting at least some of the cultivated fields. We conclude that dry-soil planting is a feasible and valid technique, even in scenarios of climate change, in order to provide acceptable maize yields in semi-arid Tanzania.
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| 13. |
- Lana, Marcos
(författare)
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Key factors influencing food security of smallholder farmers in Tanzania and the role of cassava as a strategic crop
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 10, s. 911-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to beneficial characteristics of cassava such as robustness and versatility for multiple uses, it can have a major role in contributing to local food security. The objective of this study was to find out whether and how the cultivation of cassava benefits smallholder farmers in the regions of Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania. In addition, the study assessed the main factors that support or threaten food security of smallholder farmer households in the survey region and analysed whether cassava cultivation could counteract them. We applied a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were provided by a comprehensive household survey of the Trans-SEC project, and qualitative data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. To approach the complexity of our chosen food security definition, three approaches for household food security measurement were applied. These covered the components of food availability, food access, and food utilization. Additionally, dependent variables for regression models were constructed and a multivariate analysis was run. The results show that cassava contributes to food security in the households, but achieving food security through cassava cultivation was constrained by several factors, including pests, missing markets, poor processing, social perception and lack of knowledge. Besides these, other factors affecting food security in the study area were found, uncovering some roots of local food insecurity and serving as a basis for further research and action on how to enhance food security.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Quach, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Do Fathers' Home Reading Practices at Age 2 Predict Child Language and Literacy at Age 4?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Academic pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-2859 .- 1876-2867. ; 18:2, s. 179-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal shared reading practices predict emergent literacy, but fathers' contributions are less certain. We examined whether fathers' shared home reading activities at 2 years (1) predict language and emergent literacy at age 4 years, when controlling for maternal contributions; and (2) differentially benefit these outcomes in disadvantaged children.METHODS: Design: Two-parent families recruited from 5 relatively disadvantaged communities for the universal Let's Read literacy promotion population-based trial (ISRCTN 04602902) in Melbourne, Australia. Exposure, 2 years: Home reading practices via self-reported maternal and paternal StimQ-Toddler questionnaires, dichotomised at study median (high vs. low). Outcomes, 4 years: Receptive and expressive language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-4), emergent literacy (Sunderland Phonological Awareness Test-Revised).ANALYSES: Aim 1: Linear regression, adjusted for mothers' home reading, 2-year-old vocabulary and communication skills and family disadvantage. Aim 2: Interaction of disadvantage [yes vs. no] with high home reading by (a) fathers and (b) at least one parent.RESULTS: Data were available for 405 (62.3%) families. High father reading at 2 years (reference: low) predicted better expressive (mean difference 8.0, 95%CI 4.5 to 11.5) and receptive (mean difference 7.3, 95%CI 4.1 to 10.5) language at 4 years (both p<0.001) but not emergent literacy skills. Similar patterns were observed in families with at least one parent with high home reading. Father reading did not differentially benefit outcomes in disadvantaged children.CONCLUSION: Fathers' involvement in reading at 2 years predicted better language but not emergent literacy at 4 years, and did not protect against adverse effects of socioeconomic disadvantage.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Uwamahoro, Florence, et al.
(författare)
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Potato bacterial wilt in Rwanda: occurrence, risk factors, farmers' knowledge and attitudes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 10, s. 1221-1235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potato is an important food commodity and efforts to increase its productivity should focus on addressing production limiting factors. Potato bacterial wilt (PBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major constraints to potato production in Rwanda and no single method effectively controls the disease. Development of a sustainable management approach requires understanding of PBW distribution, risk factors, farmers' knowledge and management attitudes. Therefore, we surveyed PBW disease and interviewed farmers in eight districts of Rwanda during March-April 2015. We detected PBW in all the surveyed districts and it was ranked as the major potato disease constraint. Among districts, disease incidence and severity varied from 5 to 24% and 3 to 13%, respectively, and was significantly higher in minor compared to major potato growing districts. Low PBW incidence and severity were associated with high altitude and low planting density, intercropping, crop rotation and avoidance of sharing farm tools. In all districts, farmers had little knowledge about PBW detection and spread, and the farmers' awareness of PBW management was often inconsistent with their practices. This incomplete knowledge about PBW was likely caused by inadequate extension services since most information about PBW was acquired from fellow farmers, parents or other relatives. Thus raising awareness of PBW and integrated disease management, including practices that are associated with low PBW, could limit the impact of this disease and help to secure food and income for potato growing farmers in Rwanda.
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| 18. |
- Yuan, G., et al.
(författare)
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Critical atomic-level processing technologies: Remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and atomic layer etching
- 2018
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Ingår i: Micro and Nanosystems. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1876-4037 .- 1876-4029. ; 10:2, s. 76-83
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As feature sizes of devices shrink every year, deposition and etching processes change to be very challenge, especially for sub-7 nm technology node. The acceptable variability of feature size is expected to be several atoms of silicon/germanium in the future. Therefore, Remote Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (RPE-ALD) and Atomic Layer Etching (ALE) change to be more and more important in the semiconductor fabrication. Due to their self-limiting behavior, the atomic-scale fidelity could be realized for both of them in the processes. Compared with traditional Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) methods, atomic-scale thickness controllability and good conformality can be achieved by RPE-ALD. Unlike conventional plasma etching, atomicscale precision and excellent depth uniformity can be achieved by ALE. The fundamentals and applications of RPE-ALD and ALE have been discussed in this paper. Using the combination of them, atomic-level deposition/etch-back method is also mentioned for achieving high quality ultra-thin films on three dimensional (3D) features.
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| 19. |
- Escaned, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC. - : Elsevier. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:15, s. 1437-1449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 20. |
- Ahmad, Yousif, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary Hemodynamics in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement : Implications for Clinical Indices of Coronary Stenosis Severity
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7605 .- 1936-8798. ; 11:20, s. 2019-2031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted of phasic intracoronary pressure and flow velocity in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease, undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), to determine how AS affects: 1) phasic coronary flow; 2) hyperemic coronary flow; and 3) the most common clinically used indices of coronary stenosis severity, instantaneous wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve.BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have concomitant coronary artery disease. The effect of the valve on coronary pressure, flow, and the established invasive clinical indices of stenosis severity have not been studied.METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (30 lesions, 50.0% men, mean age 82.1 ± 6.5 years) with severe AS and coronary artery disease were included. Intracoronary pressure and flow assessments were performed at rest and during hyperemia immediately before and after TAVR.RESULTS: Flow during the wave-free period of diastole did not change post-TAVR (29.78 ± 14.9 cm/s vs. 30.81 ± 19.6 cm/s; p = 0.64). Whole-cycle hyperemic flow increased significantly post-TAVR (33.44 ± 13.4 cm/s pre-TAVR vs. 40.33 ± 17.4 cm/s post-TAVR; p = 0.006); this was secondary to significant increases in systolic hyperemic flow post-TAVR (27.67 ± 12.1 cm/s pre-TAVR vs. 34.15 ± 17.5 cm/s post-TAVR; p = 0.02). Instantaneous wave-free ratio values did not change post-TAVR (0.88 ± 0.09 pre-TAVR vs. 0.88 ± 0.09 post-TAVR; p = 0.73), whereas fractional flow reserve decreased significantly post-TAVR (0.87 ± 0.08 pre-TAVR vs. 0.85 ± 0.09 post-TAVR; p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Systolic and hyperemic coronary flow increased significantly post-TAVR; consequently, hyperemic indices that include systole underestimated coronary stenosis severity in patients with severe AS. Flow during the wave-free period of diastole did not change post-TAVR, suggesting that indices calculated during this period are not vulnerable to the confounding effect of the stenotic aortic valve.
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| 21. |
- Andell, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Reclassification of Treatment Strategy With Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve : A Substudy From the iFR-SWEDEHEART Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:20, s. 2084-2094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The authors sought to compare reclassification of treatment strategy following instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background: iFR was noninferior to FFR in 2 large randomized controlled trials in guiding coronary revascularization. Reclassification of treatment strategy by FFR is well-studied, but similar reports on iFR are lacking. Methods: The iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial) study randomized 2,037 participants with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome to treatment guided by iFR or FFR. Interventionalists entered the preferred treatment (optimal medical therapy [OMT], percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], or coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) on the basis of coronary angiograms, and the final treatment decision was mandated by the iFR/FFR measurements. Results: In the iFR/FFR (n = 1,009/n = 1,004) populations, angiogram-based treatment approaches were similar (p = 0.50) with respect to OMT (38%/35%), PCI of 1 (37%/39%), 2 (15%/16%), and 3 vessels (2%/2%) and CABG (8%/8%). iFR and FFR reclassified 40% and 41% of patients, respectively (p = 0.78). The majority of reclassifications were conversion of PCI to OMT in both the iFR/FFR groups (31.4%/29.0%). Reclassification increased with increasing number of lesions evaluated (odds ratio per evaluated lesion for FFR: 1.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 1.76] vs. iFR 1.37 [95% confidence interval: 1.18 to 1.59]). Reclassification rates for patients with 1, 2, and 3 assessed vessels were 36%, 52%, and 53% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Reclassification of treatment strategy of intermediate lesions was common and occurred in 40% of patients with iFR or FFR. The most frequent reclassification was conversion from PCI to OMT regardless of physiology modality. Irrespective of the physiological index reclassification of angiogram-based treatment strategy increased with the number of lesions evaluated.
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| 22. |
- Brange, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Risks and opportunities for bottleneck measures in Swedish district heating networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, DHC2018, 9–12 September 2018, Hamburg, Germany. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 149, s. 380-389
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat supply bottlenecks are common in district heating (DH) networks and makes the DH network work in a non-optimal way, why it is beneficial to address them. The purpose of this paper is thus to investigate risks, opportunities, added values and issues coupled to various bottleneck measures. This is made by in depth interviews with DH companies and through DH network simulations. The results showed numerous risks and opportunities coupled to each bottleneck measure investigated, and are meant to highlight more effective measures, to help increase the competitiveness of and improve the environmental performance of DH.
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| 23. |
- Månsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A machine learning approach to fault detection in district heating substations
- 2018
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, DHC2018, 9–12 September 2018, Hamburg, Germany. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 149, s. 226-235
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to develop a model capable of predicting the behavior of a district heating substation, including being able to distinguish datasets from well performing substations from datasets containing faults. The model developed in the study is based on machine learning algorithms and the model is trained on data from a Swedish district heating substation. A number of different models and input/output parameters are tested in the study. The results show that the model is capable of modelling the substation behavior, and that the fault detection capability of the model is high.
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| 24. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of free omega-3 carboxylic acids and fenofibrate on liver fat content in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-2874 .- 1876-4789. ; 12:6, s. 1390-1403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Treatment with omega-3 fatty acids and fenofibrates reduces serum triglyceride levels, but few studies have compared the effect of these agents on liver fat. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the EFFECT I trial (NCT02354976) was to determine the effects of free omega-3 carboxylic acids (OM-3CA) and fenofibrate on liver fat in overweight or obese individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients were randomized to receive oral doses of 4 g OM-3CA (n = 25), 200 mg fenofibrate (n = 27), or placebo (n = 26) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, parallel-group study. Liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and volume, pancreas volume, and adipose tissue volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Changes in liver PDFF at 12 weeks were not significantly different across treatment groups (relative changes from baseline: placebo, +4%; OM-3CA, -2%; and fenofibrate, +17%). The common PNPLA3 genetic polymorphism (I148M) did not significantly influence the effects of OM-3CA or fenofibrate on liver PDFF. Fenofibrate treatment significantly increased liver and pancreas volumes vs placebo treatment, and the changes in liver and pancreas volumes were positively correlated (rho 0.45, P = .02). Total liver fat volume increased significantly in patients using fenofibrate vs OM-3CA (+23% vs 3%, P = .04). Compared with OM-3CA, fenofibrate increased total liver fat and liver volume. Serum triglycerides decreased with OM-3CA (-26%, P = .02) and fenofibrate (-38%, P < .001) vs placebo. In contrast to OM-3CA, fenofibrate reduced plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels and increased plasma acetylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine levels, estimated delta-9 desaturase activity and the concentration of urine F2-isoprostanes. CONCLUSIONS: OM-3CA and fenofibrate reduced serum triglycerides but did not reduce liver fat. Fenofibrate increased total liver volume and total liver fat volume vs OM-3CA, indicating a complex effect of fenofibrate on human hepatic lipid metabolism.
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| 25. |
- Sparv, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Analgesic Effect of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Substudy of the DETO2X-AMI Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 39, s. 546-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In this substudy of the DETO2X-AMI (An Efficacy and Outcome Study of Supplemental Oxygen Treatment in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction) trial, the authors aimed to assess the analgesic effect of moderate-flow oxygen supplementation in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to study the effect of oxygen supplementation on the use of opiates and sedatives during PCI. Background: Routine oxygen in normoxemic patients with AMI does not provide clinical benefit. However, oxygen may relieve ischemic pain. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to oxygen or ambient air according to the main study protocol. After PCI, peak level of pain during PCI was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale. The total amount of opiates and sedatives was reported. Results: A total of 622 patients were enrolled: 330 in the oxygen group and 292 in the ambient air group. There was no significant difference in peak level of pain (oxygen 4.0 [1.0 to 6.0] vs. air 3.0 [0.6 to 6.0]; p = 0.37), use of opiates (mg) (oxygen 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0] vs. air 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0]; p = 0.31), or use of sedatives between the groups (median [interquartile range]) (oxygen 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5] vs. air 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5]; p = 0.74). Conclusions: In the present study, the authors did not find any analgesic effect of routine oxygen as compared with ambient air, and no differences in the use of sedatives and opiates during PCI. Our results indicate that moderate-flow oxygen supplementation does not relieve pain in normoxemic patients with suspected AMI undergoing treatment with PCI and should thus not be used for this purpose.
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| 26. |
- Krivochiza, Jevgenij, et al.
(författare)
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Computationally and energy efficient symbol-level precoding communications demonstrator
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Communication. - : Elsevier Science BV. - 1874-4907 .- 1876-3219.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate forward link interference mitigation techniques in a precoded multi-user communication scenario for the efficient frequency reuse. The developed test-bed provides an end-to-end precoding demonstration, which includes a transmitter, a multi-beam satellite channel emulator and user receivers. Precoded communications allow efficient frequency reuse in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel environments, where several coordinated antennas simultaneously transmit to a number of independent receivers. We implement and demonstrate the new Symbol-Level Precoding (SLP) technique and benchmark it against Zero-Forcing and MMSE techniques in realistic transmission conditions. We show performance of the SLP in various MIMO channel conditions and outline the impact of the modified constellation by the SLP on a conventional receiver. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
- Zhang, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Flexibility through the Integrated Energy Supply System in Buildings : A Case Study in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 564-569, s. 564-569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing penetration level of renewable energies requires more flexibility measures at the consumption side. Flexible energy prices have been placed by energy providers to promote flexibility measures from energy users. However, because of the current energy supply system in buildings, these flexible energy prices haven't been fully taken advantage of. This study focuses on the integrated energy supply system in buildings. A Swedish office building is used as the case study. The integrated energy supply system is built by installing new components, including battery, heat pump and electrical heater, and hot water tank. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems are solved to determine the optimal component capacities and operation profiles. The results indicate that all the studied system configurations achieve lower net present cost (NPC) than the current system. It suggests that the integrated energy supply system can take advantage of the flexible energy prices and lower the overall energy cost in the building. Among the studied configurations, the combination of air source heat pump (ASHP) and electrical heater (EH) has the lowest investment cost. This combination also has the lowest NPC except in the scenario with low borehole cost. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 28. |
- Calikus, Ece, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking Abnormal Substations by Power Signature Dispersion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 149, s. 345-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between heat demand and outdoor temperature (heat power signature) is a typical feature used to diagnose abnormal heat demand. Prior work is mainly based on setting thresholds, either statistically or manually, in order to identify outliers in the power signature. However, setting the correct threshold is a difficult task since heat demand is unique for each building. Too loose thresholds may allow outliers to go unspotted, while too tight thresholds can cause too many false alarms.Moreover, just the number of outliers does not reflect the dispersion level in the power signature. However, high dispersion is often caused by fault or configuration problems and should be considered while modeling abnormal heat demand.In this work, we present a novel method for ranking substations by measuring both dispersion and outliers in the power signature. We use robust regression to estimate a linear regression model. Observations that fall outside of the threshold in this model are considered outliers. Dispersion is measured using coefficient of determination R2 which is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line.Our method first produces two different lists by ranking substations using number of outliers and dispersion separately. Then, we merge the two lists into one using the Borda Count method. Substations appearing on the top of the list should indicate higher abnormality in heat demand compared to the ones on the bottom. We have applied our model on data from substations connected to two district heating networks in the south of Sweden. Three different approaches i.e. outlier-based, dispersion-based and aggregated methods are compared against the rankings based on return temperatures. The results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art outlier-based method. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Tricoci, Pierluigi, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic and Practical Validation of Current Definitions of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC. - : Elsevier. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:9, s. 856-864
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES In 13,038 patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing index percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the EARLY ACS (Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) and TRACER (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trials, the relationship between PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) and 1-year mortality was assessed. BACKGROUND The definition of PCI-related MI is controversial. The third universal definition of PCI-related MI requires cardiac troponin >5 times the 99th percentile of the normal reference limit from a stable or falling baseline and PCI-related clinical or angiographic complications. The definition from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) requires creatine kinase-MB elevation >10 times the upper limit of normal (or 5 times if new electrocardiographic Q waves are present). Implications of these definitions on prognosis, prevalence, and implementation are not established. METHODS In our cohort of patients undergoing PCI, PCI-related MIs were classified using the third universal type 4a MI definition and SCAI criteria. In the subgroup of patients included in the angiographic core laboratory (ACL) substudy of EARLY ACS (n 1/4 1,401) local investigator-versus ACL-reported angiographic complications were compared. RESULTS Altogether, 2.0% of patients met third universal definition of PCI-related MI criteria, and 1.2% met SCAI criteria. One-year mortality was 3.3% with the third universal definition (hazard ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 3.10) and 5.3% with SCAI criteria (hazard ratio: 2.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.69 to 4.58; p < 0.001). Agreement between ACL and local investigators in detecting angiographic complications during PCI was overall moderate (kappa = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS The third universal definition of MI and the SCAI definition were both associated with significant risk for mortality at 1 year. Suboptimal concordance was observed between ACL and local investigators in identifying patients with PCI complications detected on angiography. (Trial to Assess the Effects of Vorapaxar [SCH 530348; MK-5348] in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in Participants With Acute Coronary Syndrome [TRA. CER] [Study P04736]; NCT00527943; EARLY ACS: Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome [Study P03684AM2]; NCT00089895) (c) 2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 30. |
- Alexius, Katarina
(författare)
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Abuse, degradation and conflicts in school. A qualitative study of text documents in cases at the Swedish Schools Inspectorate
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law Crime and Justice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-0616 .- 1876-763X. ; 54, s. 66-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 23 cases reported to the Swedish Schools Inspectorate are analysed using qualitative content analysis derived from a framework based on Swedish legislation. The results show that school staff and parents often expressed that those who had themselves behaved aggressively should not be viewed as victims of abuse. In most cases, there were divergent perceptions of what had happened as well as of social values and behavioural norms. The study highlights that the efficiency and the pros and cons of the broad and blurry distinction of the concept of degrading treatment in the Swedish Education Act should be discussed and that abusive actions should be counteracted regardless of relational contexts.
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| 31. |
- Arnaudo, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic Analysis of Integrated Energy Systems at Urban District Level - A Swedish Case Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 286-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Nordic countries, distributed heat and power supply technologies, like domestic scale heat pumps and photovoltaics, are challenging the current centralized district energy infrastructure. An increasing number of customers decide to disconnect from the traditional heating network by comparing the bill to the potential economic savings which can be generated by a residential heat pump system. However, this approach can be considered valid only on a short-term perspective. This paper presents a new approach to compare the techno-economic performance of alternative technologies, based on their lifetime average cost of generation. The proposed analysis is able to determine the optimal energy infrastructure at urban district level. Within this solution, operators, city planners and users will have a solid reference for their decision making process on resources investment. From a first step analysis of a few Swedish case studies, it was found that a district heating based system is more techno-economically efficient compared to the distributed alternative. By comparing the district heating production cost to its final price, a significant profit margin for the utility was qualitatively highlighted. Thus, from a customer perspective, on the medium run, the district heating tariff can be adapted and the estimated savings from switching to a residential heat pump system can be nullified.
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| 32. |
- Bai, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation on the solidification rate of water in open-cell metal foam with copper fins
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 210-214
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on the effect of inserting fins into metal foam on the solidification rate. To this aim, a well-designed experimental system with solid-liquid interface visualization was built. Metal foam samples with different fin intervals were prepared for experiments. Solidification process of water saturating in finned metal foam under bottom cooling was experimentally investigated. Results showed that inserting fins into metal foam can make a promotional improvement on solidification rate of water. The solid-liquid interface became curved after inserting fins, compared with metal foam sample without fins. Besides, changing the interval has little effect on the solidification rate.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Fischer, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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A complete workflow for the differentiation and the dissociation of hiPSC-derived cardiospheres
- 2018
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Research. - : Elsevier. - 1873-5061 .- 1876-7753. ; 32, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are an invaluable tool for both basic and translational cardiovascular research. The potential that these cells hold for therapy, disease modeling and drug discovery is hampered by several bottlenecks that currently limit both the yield and the efficiency of cardiac induction. Here, we present a complete workflow for the production of ready-to-use hiPSC-CMs in a dynamic suspension bioreactor. This includes the efficient and highly reproducible differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiospheres, which display enhanced physiological maturation compared to static 3D induction in hanging drops, and a novel papain-based dissociation method that offers higher yield and viability than the broadly used dissociation reagents TrypLE and Accutase. Molecular and functional analyses of the cardiomyocytes reseeded after dissociation confirmed both the identity and the functionality of the cells, which can be used in down-stream applications, either as monolayers or spheroids.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Freitas, Iuri, et al.
(författare)
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Green building rating systems in Swedish market : A comparative analysis between LEED, BREEAM SE, GreenBuilding and Miljöbyggnad
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 153, s. 402-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, there are four most commonly used green building rating systems, which are LEED, BREEAM SE, GreenBuilding and Miljöbyggnad. In this study, each of them is analyzed under the aspects of certification process, implementation cost, educational needs and the variety of categories. SWOT method is further applied to extract the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each of the rating system in a direct and indirect manner, making it clearer to choose among various options when considering the individual needs of each project in practice.
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| 37. |
- Fujii, S., et al.
(författare)
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Techno economic analysis of thermochemical energy storage and transport system utilizing "zeolite Boiler" : Case study in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 102-111
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermochemical energy storage and transport system utilizing zeolite steam adsorption and desorption cycle is one of the methods to resolve the mismatch between industrial surplus heat and heat demands. To generate 60°C hot water utilizing zeolite 13X, zeolite boiler employing moving bed and indirect heat exchanger was developed. Pressurized water is heated up and flash steam is injected into the zeolite bed for adsorption. A quasi - 2D model solving heat and mass conservation equations was developed, leading to a performance characterization of this zeolite boiler. The developed simulation model was used to predict performance of a heat charging device employing moving bed as well. Based on this calculation, a case study, heat transporting between a local steel works and a hotel was examined and all corresponding cost were fixed. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) results in around 60 €/MWh which is comparable cost against conventional pellet boiler. Sensitivity analysis showed both of cheaper transportation cost and larger zeolite capacity on the one trailer give a comparable impact on the LCOE.
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| 38. |
- Higelin, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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NEK1 loss-of-function mutation induces DNA damage accumulation in ALS patient-derived motoneurons
- 2018
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Research. - : Elsevier. - 1873-5061 .- 1876-7753. ; 30, s. 150-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and repair, such as C9orf72 and FUS (Fused in Sarcoma), are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NEK1 (NIMA-related kinase 1) have also been recently found to cause ALS. NEK1 codes for a multifunctional protein, crucially involved in mitotic checkpoint control and DDR. To resolve pathological alterations associated with NEK1 mutation, we compared hiPSC-derived motoneurons carrying a NEK1 mutation with mutant C9orf72 and wild type neurons at basal level and after DNA damage induction. Motoneurons carrying a C9orf72 mutation exhibited cell specific signs of increased DNA damage. This phenotype was even more severe in NEK1c.2434A>T neurons that showed significantly increased DNA damage at basal level and impaired DDR after induction of DNA damage in an maturation-dependent manner. Our results provide first mechanistic insight in pathophysiological alterations induced by NEK1 mutations and point to a converging pathomechanism of different gene mutations causative for ALS. Therefore, our study contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce DNA damage accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases and ALS.
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| 39. |
- Huang, C., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the water-energy nexus in urban water supply systems with city features
- 2018
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Ingår i: CLEANER ENERGY FOR CLEANER CITIES. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 265-270
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water-energy nexus has been introduced into urban water supply systems (WSSs) to improve the current plight of scarce resources and greenhouse effect in recent years. Urban water-energy integrated management is limited by the characteristics and reality of each city. In this paper, we characterize the comprehensive influence factors of energy use in China urban WSSs including geographic differences and city forms. The results indicate that the pressure of pipeline network and plain area ratio restricted by geomorphology would significantly impact the energy consumption during conveyance and distribution stage. For the city form aspect, the total volume of urban water supply and the leakage rate of pipeline networks play important roles in energy consumption of urban WSSs in China. In this study, the specific electricity consumption in WSSs was quantified, and several factors affected by city features which show strong correlation with energy use were determined. The results are of great significance to the energy saving in water supply systems in urban areas.
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| 40. |
- Kulindwa, Yusuph J., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact of fuelwood tree planting programmes in Tanzania
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 147, s. 154-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid growth in Tree Planting for Fuelwood (TPF) program indicates the importance of taking care of the increasing demand for fuelwood globally. TPF programs in Tanzania aim to sustainably meet the rising demand for fuelwood. We evaluate the impact of TPF programs on the number of trees planted and those planted for fuelwood. Using survey data, we employ the Heckman and Propensity Score Matching techniques to estimate whether households plant trees for fuelwood and can identify tree species that would influence them to plant trees. We find positive and significant impacts of TPF programs on the number of trees planted and those planted for fuelwood. Households who participated in TPF programs have significantly more trees than their counterparts. Furthermore, we observed a positive and significant influence of TPF programs on forest policy in terms of harvesting tree products for trade, household assets, farm size, household head's age, tree species and income from selling fuelwood. Although the forest policy on harvesting is associated with households' participation in TPF programs, in practice there is no freedom to harvest and transport tree products obtained from farms, and both fuelwood from farms or natural forests both face restrictive transport tariffs. The results further indicate that households plant trees mainly to sell fuelwood. These results can be used by policymakers to promote tree planting on farms to obtain an income from fuelwood, treating it as a business opportunity. This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature due to the approaches used for estimation. Our results also suggest that fuelwood which receives less attention when it comes to sustainable energy production may need a regulatory authority like petroleum, natural gas and electricity which are regulated by the energy authority in Tanzania.
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| 41. |
- Landegren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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A myopic perspective on the future of protein diagnostics
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 45, s. 14-18
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma proteome analyses of the future promise invaluable insights into states of health, not only by measuring proteins whose role it is to ensure blood homeostasis, but increasingly also as a window into the health of practically any tissue in the body via so-called leakage protein biomarkers. Realizing more of this vast potential will require progress along many lines. Here we discuss the main ones, such as optimal selection of target proteins, affinity reagents, immunoassay formats, samples, and applications, with a view from ongoing work in our laboratory.
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| 42. |
- Lv, Y., et al.
(författare)
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An Optimization Method for CCHP and River Water Source Heat Pump Combined System
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 592-597, s. 592-597
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) systems have been widely utilized in the buildings to achieve high efficiency cascade utilization of energy. Heat pump is another widely utilized technology to improve the building energy efficiency. The paper presents a hybrid system which integrates the CCHP with river water source heat pump to combine the advantages of these two technologies. A physical model with energy storage module was firstly developed for the combined system. A case study was further carried out to investigate the optimized configuration and operation performance of the combined system.
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| 43. |
- Lv, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Hybrid Fiber Optic Daylighting and PV Solar Lighting System
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 586-591, s. 586-591
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential buildings with limited natural lighting are generally lit by fuel-based electricity which contributes to increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. This paper presents the design of a hybrid fiber-optic daylighting and PV solar lighting system for household applications. The system is composed of a light collecting subsystem, a light guiding subsystem, an optical fiber light diffuser subsystem and corresponding control system. Preliminary system performance shows that, the developed system could provide comfortable and natural indoor illumination. Meanwhile, the hybrid lighting system can provide an average of 9h of electric lighting under clear sky conditions, and reduce 158.2kg of carbon dioxide emission in a year within the tested dark room of 5m2.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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The geology and hydrology of the CarbFix2 site, SW-Iceland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 146, s. 146-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injection of CO2 and H2S emissions from the Hellisheidi Geothermal Power Plant, SW-Iceland, as part of the CarbFix project, is currently taking place in the Húsmúli reinjection zone. Here we present detailed descriptions of the geology of the reservoir rock in Húsmúli including descriptions of its intrusions, secondary mineralogy and sources of permeability. We further present preliminary results from a modelling study of the Húsmúli reinjection zone that was conducted to obtain better understanding of flow paths in the area. The model was calibrated using results from an extensive tracer test that was carried out in 2013-2015.
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| 48. |
- Stockmann, Gabrielle, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon mineral storage in seawater:Ikaite(CaCO3·6H2O)columns in Greenland.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 146, s. 59-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine Ikka Fjord in Greenland is well known for its remarkable submarine columns made of the cold-carbonate ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O). Here, natural processes lead to fast-precipitating ikaite at low temperatures (< 10°C) when carbonate-bearing groundwater seeps through fractures in Ikka Fjord and mixes with seawater. Within an area of 0.75 km2, 678 columns of 1 – 20 meters height have been registered, continuously growing at rates measured at 50 cm per year. Understanding this natural system is of importance for carbon capture and storage efforts as it represents a very efficient method for carbon mineral storage in cold seawater.
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| 49. |
- Tian, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating concentrating PVs in biogas upgrading
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 598-603, s. 598-603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion processes has been considered as an important alternative to natural gas and plays a key role in the emerging market for renewable energy. By removing CO2, biogas can be upgraded to vehicle fuel. Chemical absorption is one of the widely used upgrading technologies, which advantages include high purity and low loss of biomethane. However, chemical absorption usually suffers from the high consumption of thermal energy, which is required by the regeneration of the solvent. Aiming at achieving a more sustainable and efficient biomethane production, this work proposed a novel system, which integrate concentrating photovoltaic/thermal hybrid (C-PV/T) in the upgrading of biogas. Due to the ability to produce electricity and heat simultaneously and efficiently, C-PV/T can provide the demands of both the electricity and heat. By doing dynamic simulation of the energy production of C-PV/T, the technical feasibility of such a system is analyzed. Based on the design to meet the heat demand of solvent regeneration, without energy storage, the produced heat can cover 17% of the heat demand of the solvent regeneration, but 51.1% of the electricity demand; meanwhile, 140.3 MWh excess electricity can be sold for one year.
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| 50. |
- Turk, Suheyla, et al.
(författare)
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Life-cycle analysis as an indicator for impact assessment in sustainable building certification system : the case of Swedish building market
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 153, s. 414-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses the prevailing sustainable building certification systems in Sweden, based on a critical analysis of their characterization for human and environmental impacts through the integration of life-cycle analysis. The aim of this study is to compare sustainable building certifications systems in terms of their assessment categories. In the Swedish market, BREEAM SE, LEED, Green Buildings and Miljobyggnad are the most used building certifications. Therefore, their guidelines are reviewed to evaluate which of them has comprehensively included human health indicators. This research presents useful information for transforming existing and developing future sustainable building certification systems.
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