| 1. |
- Alling, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Anionic glycerophospholipids in platelets from alcoholics
- 1986
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 16:4, s. 309-320
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies on ethanol-exposed animals have revealed changes in anionic phospholipids in brain membranes. The intention of this study was to investigate whether there was a similar effect on man. Assuming platelets to be an adequate model for CNS synaptosomes, concentration and fatty acid composition of anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylositol (PI) in the platelet membrane from alcoholics after a debauche period were examined and compared to controls. Ethanol effects on neutral lipids were also analysed in order to obtain a comprehensive view. No quantitative difference was found in anionic phospholipids between alcoholics and controls. Fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids revealed significant changes which were more obvious in neutral phospholipids than in anionic. Oleic acid was increased and linoleic and arachidonic acids were decreased. After 1 week of detoxification, the abnormalities did not decrease, on the contrary they increased and total phospholipid concentration per platelet was significantly higher than in controls. It is concluded that the ethanol toxicity on bone marrow hampers the use of platelets as a model for synaptosomes but that the observed lipid abnormalities might play a major role in the impairment of platelet function in alcoholics.
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| 2. |
- Simonsson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Ethanol stimulates basal and serotonin-induced formation of [32P]phosphatidic acid in human platelets
- 1989
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 24:2, s. 169-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The addition of serotonin to preparations of 32P-labelled human platelets resulted in a time- and dose-dependent hydrolysis of [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and formation of [32P]phosphatidic acid (PA). This response was inhibited by the serotonin2 receptor antagonist ritanserin, indicating that the stimulation was mediated via the serotonin2 receptor. The addition of 50-150 mM of ethanol prior to stimulation with 10(-5) M serotonin resulted in an increased accumulation of [32P]PA, but had no effect on [32P]PIP2. Ethanol stimulated [32P]PA formation at all serotonin concentrations studied (10(-7)-10(-5) M). Furthermore, in the absence of serotonin, ethanol increased basal [32P]PA formation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol consumption in very old age and its association with survival : A matter of health and physical function
- 2016
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 159, s. 240-245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Alcohol consumption in very old age is increasing; yet, little is known about the personal and health-related characteristics associated with different levels of alcohol consumption and the association between alcohol consumption and survival among the oldest old. Methods: Nationally representative data from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD, ages 76-101; n=863) collected in 2010/2011 were used. Mortality was analyzed unti12014. Alcohol consumption was measured with questions about frequency and amount. Drinks per month were calculated and categorized as abstainer, light-to-moderate drinker (0.5-30 drinks/month) and heavy drinker (>30 drinks/month). Multinomial logistic regressions and Laplace regressions were performed. Results: Compared to light-to-moderate drinkers, abstainers had lower levels of education and more functional health problems, while heavy drinkers were more often men, had higher levels of education, and no serious health or functional problems. In models adjusted only for age and sex, abstainers died earlier than drinkers. Among light-to-moderate drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with longer survival, while among heavy drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with shorter survival. However, after adjusting for personal and health-related factors, estimates were lower and no longer statistically significant. Conclusions: The association between alcohol consumption and survival in very old age seems to have an inverse J-shape; abstention and heavy use is associated with shorter survival compared to light-to moderate drinking. To a large extent, differences in survival are due to differences in baseline health and physical function.
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| 6. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(author)
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Social integration and alcohol consumption among older people : A four-year follow-up of a Swedish national sample
- 2019
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 196, s. 40-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Today’s older people drink more alcohol than earlier cohorts of older people. Social integration has been identified as an important factor for older people’s drinking, but the association is complex. This study investigates both high and low levels of social integration and their associations with longitudinal patterns of alcohol consumption among older women and men.Methods: Longitudinal nationally representative data of older Swedish women and men aged over 65 – the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) – from 2010/2011 and 2014 (n = 1048). Associations between social contacts and social activities at baseline and longitudinal patterns of drinking frequency were examined with multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: Men reported drinking alcohol more often than women, but the most common drinking frequency among both women and men was to drink monthly or less. Drinking habits were generally stable over time. People with high levels of social activity at baseline were more likely to have a stable daily or weekly drinking frequency or increased drinking frequency over the four-year follow-up period, particularly women. People with low levels of social contacts and/or social activities were less likely to have a stable daily or weekly drinking frequency, compared to people in the low and stable drinking frequency group.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is embedded in a social context, older people drink in social situations and social integration predicts continued drinking patterns.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Barclay, Kieron, et al.
(author)
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Birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 167, s. 15-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown that birth order is an important predictor of later life health as well as socioeconomic attainment. In this study, we examine the relationship between birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden. Methods: We study the relationship between birth order and hospitalization related to alcohol and narcotics use before and after the age of 20 using Swedish register data for cohorts born 1987-1994. We apply Cox proportional hazard models and use sibling fixed effects, eliminating confounding by factors shared by the siblings. Results: Before age 20 we find that later born siblings are hospitalized for alcohol use at a higher rate than first-borns, and there is a monotonic increase in the hazard of hospitalization with increasing birth order. Second-borns are hospitalized at a rate 47% higher than first-borns, and third-borns at a rate 65% higher. Similar patterns are observed for hospitalization for narcotics use. After age 20 the pattern is similar, but the association is weaker. These patterns are consistent across various sibling group sizes. Conclusions: Later born siblings are more likely to be hospitalized for both alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden. These birth order effects are substantial in size, and larger than the estimated sex differences for the risk of hospitalization related to alcohol and drug use before age 20, and previous estimates for socioeconomic status differences in alcohol and drug abuse.
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| 9. |
- Been, Frederic, et al.
(author)
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Assessing geographical differences in illicit drug consumption-A comparison of results from epidemiological and wastewater data in Germany and Switzerland
- 2016
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 161, s. 189-199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Wastewater analysis is an innovative approach that allows monitoring illicit drug use at the community level. This study focused on investigating geographical differences in drug consumption by comparing epidemiological, crime and wastewater data. Methods: Wastewater samples were collected in 19 cities across Germany and Switzerland during one week, covering a population of approximately 8.1 million people. Self-report data and consumption offences for the investigated areas were used for comparison and to investigate differences between the indicators. Results: Good agreement between data sources was observed for cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants, whereas substantial discrepancies were observed for cocaine. In Germany, an important distinction could be made between Berlin, Dortmund and Munich, where cocaine and particularly amphetamine were more prevalent, and Dresden, where methamphetamine consumption was clearly predominant. Cocaine consumption was relatively homogenous in the larger urban areas of Switzerland, although prevalence and offences data suggested a more heterogeneous picture. Conversely, marked regional differences in amphetamine and methamphetamine consumption could be highlighted. Conclusions: Combining the available data allowed for a better understanding of the geographical differences regarding prevalence, typology and amounts of substances consumed. For cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants, the complementarity of survey, police and wastewater data could be highlighted, although notable differences could be identified when considering more stigmatised drugs (i.e. cocaine and heroin). Understanding illicit drug consumption at the national scale remains a difficult task, yet this research illustrates the added value of combining complementary data sources to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate picture of the situation.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bendtsen, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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Mediators of effects of a digital alcohol intervention for online help-seekers: Findings from an effectiveness trial
- 2023
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Digital alcohol interventions have been shown to exert effects in helping individuals reduce their drinking. However, little is known about the mechanisms which mediate such effects. The objective of this study was to estimate natural direct and indirect effects of a digital alcohol intervention. Methods: This secondary analysis of mediated effects used data from a randomised controlled trial which included individuals with unhealthy alcohol use with access to a mobile phone aged 18 years or older in Sweden. The comparator was basic alcohol and health information. The digital intervention was centrally designed around weekly monitoring of consumption followed by feedback and tools to support behaviour change. Mediated ef-fects were estimated using measures from 1-, 2-, and 4-months post-randomisation. Primary outcomes were total weekly consumption (TWC) and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED). A counterfactual framework was used to estimate three hypothesised mediators: importance, knowledge of how to change (know-how), and confidence. Results: Between 25/04/2019 and 26/11/2020, 2129 participants were randomised. The intervention improved know-how and confidence, which in turn mediated the effects on TWC and HED at 2-and 4-months. Analyses with imputed data were not markedly different. Conclusions: A digital alcohol intervention was found to exert effects in reducing consumption by means of improving individuals knowledge of how to reduce their consumption and confidence in their ability to reduce. The use of face-valid single item measures is a study limitation notwithstanding observed findings, as is attrition and lack of blinding of participants.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Burger, Antoinette, et al.
(author)
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The impact of acute and short-term methamphetamine abstinence on brain metabolites : A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging study
- 2018
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 185, s. 226-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundAbuse of methamphetamine (MA) is a global health concern. Previous H-1-MRS studies have found that, with methamphetamine abstinence (MAA), there are changes in n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA/Cr), myo-inositol (mI/Cr), choline (Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA), and glutamate with glutamine (Glx) metabolites. Limited studies have investigated the effect of acute MAA, and acute-to-short-term MAA on brain metabolites.MethodsAdults with chronic MA dependence (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 22) were recruited. Two-dimensional chemical shift H-1-MRS imaging (TR2000 ms, TE30 ms) slice was performed and included voxels in bilateral anterior-cingulate (ACC), frontal-white-matter (FWM), and dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortices (DLPFC). Control participants were scanned once. The MA group was scanned twice, with acute (1.5 +/- 0.6 weeks, n = 31) and short-term MAA (5.1 +/- 0.8 weeks, n = 22). The change in H-1-MRS metabolites over time (n = 19) was also investigated. Standard H-1-MRS metabolites are reported relative to Cr + PCr.ResultsAcute MAA showed lower n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and n-acetyl-aspartate with n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA + NAAG) in left DLPFC, and glycerophosphocholine with phosphocholine (GPC + PCh) in left FWM. Short-term MAA showed lower NAA + NAAG and higher myo-inositol (mI) in right ACC, lower NAA and NAA + NAAG in the left DLPFC, and lower GPC + PCh in left FWM. Over time, MAA showed decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG and increased mI in right ACC, decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG in right FWM, and decreased in mI in left FWM.ConclusionIn acute MAA, there was damage to the integrity of neuronal tissue, which was enhanced with short-term MAA. From acute to short-term MAA, activation of neuroinflammatory processes are suggested. This is the first H-1-MRS study to report the development of neuroinflammation with loss of neuronal integrity in MAA.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Carlson, Per, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Are area-level effects just a proxy for school-level effects? Socioeconomic differences in alcohol consumption patterns among Swedish adolescents
- 2016
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 166, s. 243-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimsAlthough recent studies have found significant variations in adolescent alcohol consumption across neighbourhoods, these investigations did not address another important context in adolescents’ lives: schools. The purpose of this study was to not only simultaneously assess variations in adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking at the city district level and the school level but also analyse whether any such variations could be ascribed to the socioeconomic characteristics of the examined city districts, schools, and students.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingStockholm, Sweden.ParticipantsNinth-grade students (n = 4349) attending schools (n = 75) located in the city districts of the Stockholm municipality (n = 14).MeasurementsTwo measures based on information regarding alcohol consumption were constructed: alcohol use (no or yes) and binge drinking among alcohol users (ranging from “very seldom” to “a few times a week”). A wide range of socioeconomic characteristics was included at the city district, school, and student levels. Alcohol use was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression, whereas binge drinking among users was modelled using mixed-effects ordered logistic regression.FindingsThe results indicated that the school was more important than the city district in assessments of contextual variations in adolescent alcohol use in general and binge drinking in particular. Moreover, proportions of well-educated parents and high-performing students accounted for part of the school-level variation in alcohol use but not binge drinking.ConclusionsFailure to account for the school context may have caused past research to overestimate city district differences in alcohol consumption among adolescents.
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| 17. |
- Cherpitel, C., et al.
(author)
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Multi-level analysis of causal attribution of injury to alcohol and modifiying effects : data from two international emerency room projects
- 2006
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 82:3, s. 258-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although alcohol consumption and injury has received a great deal of attention in the literature, less is known about patient's causal attribution of the injury event to their drinking or factors which modify attribution. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to analyze the relationships of the volume of alcohol consumed prior to injury and feeling drunk at the time of the event with causal attribution, as well as the association of aggregate individual-level and socio-cultural variables on these relationships. Data analyzed are from 1955 ER patients who reported drinking prior to injury included in 35 ERs from 24 studies covering 15 countries from the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries. Half of those patients drinking prior to injury attributed a causal association of their injury with alcohol consumption, but the rate of causal attribution varied significantly across studies. When controlling for gender and age, the volume of alcohol consumed and feeling drunk (controlling for volume) were both significantly predictive of attribution and this did not vary across studies. Those who drink at least weekly were less likely to attribute causality at a low volume level, but more likely at high volume levels than less frequent drinkers. Attribution of causality was also less likely at low volume levels in those societies with low detrimental drinking patterns, but more likely at high volume levels or when feeling drunk compared to societies with high detrimental drinking patterns. These findings have important implications for brief intervention in the ER if motivation to change drinking behavior is greater among those attributing a causal association of their drinking with injury.
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| 18. |
- Colins, Olivier F., 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Are psychotic experiences among detained juvenile offenders explained by trauma and substance use?
- 2009
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 100:1-2, s. 39-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: High rates of psychotic experiences among detained adolescents have been reported. However, the significance of psychotic experiences in detained juveniles is still poorly understood. The current study, therefore, (1) examines whether psychotic experiences could be explained by substance use and/or traumatic experiences, and (2) investigates this objective without taking into account the frequently occurring paranoia-related symptoms that may not be psychosis-related in detained minors.METHOD: Data were derived from 231 detained adolescents. By means of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, psychotic experiences, life-threatening events and substance use were assessed while the Child Traumatic Questionnaire was used for a history of abuse and neglect.RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression analyses, having psychotic experiences was positively associated with substance-related (e.g. past year intense marihuana use) and trauma-related (e.g. emotional abuse) variables. However, without taken paranoia-related experiences into account, different associations between psychotic experiences and substance-related and/or trauma-related variables were found. After building best fitting models, logistic regression analyses demonstrated a preponderance of trauma-related over substance-related variables in predicting the number of psychotic experiences (i.e. 0, 1-2, >2).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that psychotic experiences in detained adolescents may be explained by trauma and substance use. In addition, paranoia-related experiences seemed to be particularly associated with emotional abuse.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Crawford, Joel, et al.
(author)
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I can't believe I missed that! How the fear of missing out impacts on alcohol behaviours
- 2024
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 258
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is often experienced over missing opportunities for social gains associated with drinking, has been linked to heavy episodic drinking and experiencing negative consequences. The UK Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related lockdown provided a unique context to study FoMO's ability to predict of alcohol consumption. The aim of the current study was to test if FoMO predicted alcohol consumption during a time of social restrictions. Methods: One hundred and five UK adults (aged 18-30, 61% female) participated in a study using an ecological momentary assessment design. Surveys were completed on smartphones and assessed FoMO and drinking intentions, three time a day (morning, afternoon, evening) over three consecutive weekends (Friday, Saturday, Sunday). Alcohol consumption was recorded once per day, based on previous day consumption. Results: Repeated mixed model analyses found FoMO significantly predicted quantity of alcohol consumption (b =.05, p =.01) and drinking intentions (b =.47, p <.001), but did not predict frequency of consumption. Being male (b = 2.93, p =.02) and higher intentions (b = 0.5, p <.001) predicted higher quantity of consumption. Drinking intentions was the only variable to predict frequency of consumption (b =.004, p <.001). Conclusions: The study showed FoMO can predict quantity of alcohol consumption and drinking intentions, which are linked to increased negative consequences. Future studies should assess FoMO against other predictive factors. Results provide an insight into how a social predictor influenced alcohol consumption during a time of restrictions.
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| 21. |
- Danielsson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
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Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of future disability pension : A 39-year longitudinal cohort study
- 2014
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 143, s. 239-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed at examining a possible association between cannabis use in adolescence and future disability pension (DP). DP can be granted to any person in Sweden aged 16-65 years if working capacity is judged to be permanently reduced due to long-standing illness or injury. Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal cohort study comprising 49,321 Swedish men born in 1949-1951 who were conscripted to compulsory military service aged 18-20 years. Data on DP was collected from national registers. Results: Results showed that individuals who used cannabis in adolescence had considerably higher rates of disability pension throughout the follow-up until 59 years of age. In Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, adjustment for covariates (social background, mental health, physical fitness, risky alcohol use, tobacco smoking and illicit drug use) attenuated the associations. However, when all covariates where entered simultaneously, about a 30% increased hazard ratio of DP from 40 to 59 years of age still remained in the group reporting cannabis use more than 50 times. Conclusions: This study shows that heavy cannabis use in late adolescence was associated with an increased relative risk of labor market exclusion through disability pension.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Davstad, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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Self-reported drug use and mortality among a nationwide sample of Swedish conscripts - A 35-year follow-up
- 2011
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 118:2-3, s. 383-390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Drug users in clinical samples have elevated mortality compared with the general population, but little is known about mortality among users of drugs within the general population. Aim: To determine whether self-reported use of illicit drugs and non-prescribed sedatives/hypnotics among young men in the general population is related to mortality. Methods: A 35-year follow-up of 48 024 Swedish men, born 1949-1951 and conscripted in 1969/1970, among whom drug use was reported by 8767 subjects. Cross-record linkage was effected between individual data from the Swedish conscription and other national registers. Deaths and causes of death/1000 person-years were calculated. Cox PH regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for death with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). An HR was calculated for users of different dominant drugs at conscription compared with non-users by age interval, after adjusting for confounders and hospitalisation with a drug-related diagnosis. Results: Drug users showed elevated mortality (HR 1.61, p < 0.05) compared with non-users. After adjusting for risk factors, users of stimulants (HR 4.41, p < 0.05), cannabis (HR 4.27, p < 0.05), opioids (HR 2.83, p > 0.05), hallucinogens (HR 3.88, p < 0.05) and unspecified drugs (HR 4.62, p < 0.05) at conscription with a drug-related diagnosis during follow-up showed an HR approaching the standard mortality ratios in clinical samples. Among other drug users (95.5%), only stimulant users showed statistically significantly increased mortality (HR 1.96, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In a life-time perspective, drug use among young men in the general population was a marker of premature death, even a long time after exposure.
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| 25. |
- Einio, Elina, et al.
(author)
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Men's age at first birth and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among siblings
- 2020
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Men's age at first birth may negatively or positively affect alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, although little evidence is available. Methods: We used register data of over 22,000 brothers to analyze the associations between age at first birth and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality from the age of 35 until the age of 60 or 72. We employed conventional Cox models and inter-sibling models, which allowed adjustment for unobserved social and genetic characteristics shared by brothers. Results: The findings show that men's age at first birth was inversely associated with alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, independent of unobserved characteristics shared by brothers and of observed demographic confounders. Men who had their first child late at 35-45 years experienced lower alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.57, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.43, 0.75) than men who had their first child at 25-29. Men who had their first child before age 20 had the highest morbidity and mortality among all fathers (HR = 1.36, 95 % CI = 1.09, 1.69), followed by men who had their child at 20-24 (HR = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.00, 1.25). Conclusions: The results imply that the inverse association between men's age at first birth and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality is not driven by familial characteristics.
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| 26. |
- Evans, Brittany E, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol and tobacco use and heart rate reactivity to a psychosocial stressor in an adolescent population
- 2012
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 126:3, s. 296-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated physiological stress (re)activity in relation to substance use, especially in adolescents. Using substances is one way to stimulate physiological arousal, therefore inherent hypo-arousal may be associated with substance use in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity with alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents.METHODS: ANS activity and perceived stress during a social stress procedure were examined in relation to substance use. 275 Dutch adolescents from a general population study provided complete data. Heart rate was recorded continuously during a pre-task rest period, a stressful task period and a post-task recovery period. Alcohol and tobacco use were self-reported.RESULTS: Adolescents who consumed a medium and high number of alcoholic drinks per week (more than two) exhibited lower heart rates during the entire stress procedure as compared to those who consumed a low number of alcoholic drinks. Adolescents who smoked every day portrayed blunted heart rate reactivity to stress as compared to adolescents who smoked less frequently or not at all. Perceived stress was not related to alcohol or tobacco use.CONCLUSIONS: Overall lower heart rate in adolescents who drank more and blunted heart rate reactivity to stress in those who used tobacco every day may indicate inherent hypo-arousal of the ANS system in those vulnerable to use substances more often. These adolescents may actively seek out substances in order to achieve a more normalized state of arousal.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Fugelstad, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Opioid-related deaths and previous care for drug use and pain relief in Sweden
- 2019
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 201, s. 253-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: In 2006-2014, the rate of drug-related deaths, typically opioid poisonings, more than doubled in Sweden. Opioid prescriptions for pain control or opioid agonist therapy also increased. In this retrospective study, we compared death rates between individuals whose first recorded contact with prescribed opioids was for pain control and individuals that had received substance use disorder (SUD) treatment before their first recorded opioid prescription.Methods: We included 2834 forensically examined individuals (ages 15-64 years) that died of poisoning in Sweden in 2006-2014. For each death we acquired data on previous opioid prescriptions and SUD treatments. We compared three study groups: pain control (n = 788); a SUD treatment group (n = 1629); and a group with no prescription for pain control or SUD treatment (n = 417).Results: Overall fatal poisonings increased from 2.77 to 7.79 (per 100,000 individuals) from 2006 to 2014 (relative 181% increase). Fatal poisoning increased from 2006 to 2014 by 269% in the pain control group (0.64 to 2.36 per 100,000) and by 238% in the SUD treatment group (1.35 to 4.57 per 100,000). Heroin-related deaths remained constant; consequently, the increase was likely attributable to prescription opioids.Conclusion: A rapid increase in deaths attributable mainly to prescription opioids for pain control, was reported previously in the United States. Our study indicated that increased access to prescription opioids might contribute to higher death rates also in Sweden among patients seeking pain control and individuals with an established SUD; however, deaths related to prescription opioids mainly occurred among those with SUDs.
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| 31. |
- Fugelstad, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Oxycodone-related deaths in Sweden 2006-2018
- 2022
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To identify and characterize oxycodone related deaths in Sweden from 2006 to 2018 and to compare them to other opioid-related deaths.Methods: To assess the factors contributing to the deaths, we used multinomial logistic regression to compare oxycodone-related deaths extracted from all forensic autopsy examinations and toxicology cases in the age groups 15-34 (reference group), 35-54 and 55-74 with regard to sex, presence of benzodiazepines and alcohol at the time of death, prescription of oxycodone, benzodiazepines and antidepressants, previous substance use related (SUD) treatment, and manner of death. The oxycodone related deaths were compared with deaths with presence of other opioids.Result: We identified 575 oxycodone-related deaths, and the rate increased during the study period from 0.10 to 1.12 per 100,000 in parallel with an increase of oxycodone prescriptions from 3.17 to 30.33 per 1000. Oxycodone-related deaths amounted to 10.0% of all opioid-related deaths. The deaths occurred mainly in older patients previously being prescribed oxycodone. Benzodiazepines were present at the time of death in 403 (70%) and alcohol in 259 (45%). Prescriptions of any opioid for pain (61%), oxycodone (50%), benzodiazepines (67%) and antidepressants (55%) were common. Only 15% had received treatment for SUD during the last year.Conclusion: Oxycodone-related deaths increased in Sweden between 2006 and 2018 in parallel to an increase in oxycodone prescriptions. The increase occurred mainly in older patients being prescribed oxycodone for pain. There might be specific interventions needed to avoid oxycodone-related deaths compared to other opioidrelated deaths associated with illicit opioid use.
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| 32. |
- Gan, Yong, et al.
(author)
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Association between alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults in China
- 2021
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of stroke in Chinese adults aged 40 years and over.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 113,573 Chinese adults aged >= 40 years in the China National Stroke Prevention Project (2014-2015) to examine correlations of alcohol consumption with the prevalence of stroke. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for various confounders, e.g., gender, age, smoking, physical activity and other health conditions.Results: Within the study population, a total of 12,753 stroke survivors were identified. The prevalence of light to moderate and of heavy alcohol consumption was 10.1% and 5.7% respectively. The multivariate logistic regression results show that light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of stroke of all types [0.91 (95%CI: 0.85-0.97)] and of ischemic stroke [0.90 (0.84-0.97)]. No association was found between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with abstainers, the adjusted ORs of all stroke were 0.83 (0.75-0.92) for those who drank 11-20 years, and no association was found between 1 and 10 years or over 20 years of drinking and risk of stroke.Conclusions: These results indicate that light to moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against all and ischemic stroke, and heavy drinking was not significantly associated with risk of all stroke in China. No association between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke was found.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gentile, Ambra, et al.
(author)
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Use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco and the long-term risk of depression in men : A nationwide Swedish cohort study from 1969–2017
- 2021
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco may lead to mood disorders such as depression. However, knowledge on the independent contributions of the use of these substances to the risk of depression is lacking.Methods: The study cohort consisted of 24,564 men included in the Swedish national military conscription register who were conscripted in 1969–1970 and followed until 2017. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to estimate the risk of depression according to alcohol, drug, inhalant, and cigarette consumption, and adjusted for body mass index, verbal comprehension test scores, handgrip strength, and the other main exposures investigated.Results: During an average follow-up period of 44 years, 4500 men were diagnosed with or treated for depression at a mean age of 54 years. A dose-dependent association was found in men who smoked cigarettes, with the highest risk for smoking >20 cigarettes per day, at time of conscription (aHR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.61–2.16, p < 0.001). Independent associations with an increased risk of depression were found for the use of drugs at least once (aHR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.10–1.32, p < 0.001) and >50 times (aHR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.23–1.77, p < 0.001) and the use of inhalants (aHR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.05–1.29). Excessive alcohol intake was not associated with the risk of depression.Conclusion: The results suggest that people who reported to have used cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs at 18 years of age have a moderately increased risk of depression later in life.
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| 35. |
- Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, et al.
(author)
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Age, period and cohort trends in drug abuse hospitalizations within the total Swedish population (1975-2010).
- 2014
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 134:Jan 1, s. 355-361
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The societal consequences of drug abuse (DA) are severe and well documented, the World Health Organization recommending tracking of population trends for effective policy responses in treatment of DA and delivery of health care services. However, to correctly identify possible sources of DA change, one must first disentangle three different time-related influences on the need for treatment due to DA: age effects, period effects and cohort effects.
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| 36. |
- Grahn, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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The predictability of the Addiction Severity Index criminal justice assessment instrument and future imprisonment : a Swedish registry study with a national sample of adults with risky substance use
- 2020
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden, social workers uses the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) as their main assessment tool when assessing individuals with risky substance use (RSU) or substance use disorder. The aim of this study is to identify among individuals with RSU, the associations of ASI Composite Scores (CSs) with future imprisonment controlling for age, education level and gender.Method: Baseline ASI-data was merged with national registry data on prison sentences (2003–2016). Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between CSs for alcohol, drugs other than alcohol, legal, family and social relationships, employment, mental- and physical health and future imprisonment for adults (n = 14,914) assessed for RSU.Results: The regression showed that all ASI CSs, age, education level and gender were significantly associated with imprisonment post ASI base-line assessment. The variables with the strongest association with imprisonment were ASI legal CS, followed by ASI drugs other than alcohol CS, ASI employment CS and being a male. ASI legal score showed the strongest association with imprisonment, with a 6 time increase in likelihood of imprisonment.Discussion: Given the findings in this study, the strong significant association between ASI legal CS and future imprisonment, it seems as that the ASI-assessment instrument is a reliable and trustworthy assessment tool to use in clinical work. This should motivate social workers and other clinical health professionals to use and rely on the ASI assessment in their intervention planning for clients with RSU, to hopefully reduce future imprisonment and improve their social situation.
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| 37. |
- Gross, Cornelius, et al.
(author)
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Long-term outcomes after adolescent in-patient treatment due to alcohol intoxication : A control group study
- 2016
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In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 162, s. 116-123
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The long-term psychosocial development of adolescents admitted to in-patient treatment with alcohol intoxication (AIA) is largely unknown. Methods: We invited all 1603 AIAs and 641 age- and sex-matched controls, who had been hospitalized in one of five pediatric departments between 2000 and 2007, to participate in a telephone interview. 277 cases of AIA and 116 controls (mean age 24.2 years (SD 2.2); 46% female) could be studied 5-13 years (mean 8.3, SD 2.3) after the event. The control group consisted of subjects who were admitted due to conditions other than alcohol intoxication. Blood alcohol concentration on admission was systematically measured in the AIA but, owing to the retrospective study design, not in the control group. Subtle alcohol intoxication could therefore not be entirely ruled out in the control group. Long-term outcome measures included current DSM-5 alcohol use disorders (AUD), drinking patterns, illicit substance use, regular smoking, general life satisfaction, use of mental health treatment, and delinquency. Results: AIA had a significantly elevated risk to engage in problematic habitual alcohol use, to exhibit delinquent behaviors, and to use illicit substances in young adulthood compared to the control group. Severe AUD also occurred considerably more often in the AIA than the control group. Conclusions: In the majority of AIAs, further development until their mid-twenties appears to be unremarkable. However, their risk to develop severe AUD and other problematic outcomes is significantly increased. This finding calls for a diagnostic instrument distinguishing between high- and low-risk AIAs already in the emergency room.
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| 38. |
- Gunillasdotter, Victoria, et al.
(author)
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Effects of exercise in non-treatment seeking adults with alcohol use disorder : A three-armed randomized controlled trial (FitForChange).
- 2022
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 232
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) do not seek treatment. Stigma and the desire to self-manage the problem are likely explanations. Exercise is an emerging treatment option but studies in non-treatment seeking individuals are lacking. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise, yoga, and treatment as usual (phone-based support) on alcohol consumption in non-treatment seeking adults with AUD.METHODS: Three-group parallel, single blind, randomized controlled trial. 140 physically inactive adults aged 18-75 diagnosed with AUD were included in this community-based trial. Participants were randomized to either aerobic exercise (n = 49), yoga (n = 46) or treatment as usual (n = 45) for 12-weeks. The primary study outcome was weekly alcohol consumption at week 13 (Timeline Follow-back).RESULTS: A significant decrease in weekly alcohol consumption was seen in all three groups: aerobic exercise (mean ∆ = - 5.0, 95% C = - 10.3, - 3.5), yoga group (mean ∆ = - 6.9, 95% CI = - 10.3, - 3.5) and TAU (mean ∆ = - 6.6, 95% CI = - 8.8, - 4.4). The between group changes were not statistically significant at follow-up. Per-protocol analyzes showed that the mean number of drinks per week reduced more in both TAU (mean ∆ = - 7.1, 95% CI = - 10.6, - 3.7) and yoga (mean ∆ = - 8.7, 95% CI = - 13.2, - 4.1) compared to aerobic exercise (mean ∆ = - 1.7, 95% CI = - 4.4, 1. 0), [F(2, 55) = 4.9, p = 0.011].CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a 12-week stand-alone exercise program was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in alcohol consumption comparable to usual care (phone counseling) by an alcohol treatment specialist.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hallgren, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Associations of device-measured and self-reported physical activity with alcohol consumption : Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial (FitForChange).
- 2024
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 259
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is increasingly used as an adjunct treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous studies have relied on self-report measures of PA, which are prone to measurement error. In the context of a randomized controlled trial of PA for AUD, we examined: (1) associations between device-measured and self-reported PA, (2) associations between PA measurements and alcohol use, and (3) the feasibility of obtaining device-measured PA data in this population.METHOD: One-hundred and forty individuals with clinician-diagnosed AUD participated in a 12-week intervention comparing usual care (phone counselling) to yoga-based exercise and aerobic exercise. Device-measured PA (Actigraph GT3x), self-reported PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and alcohol consumption (Timeline Follow Back Method) were assessed before and after the trial. Effects of the interventions on PA levels were assessed using linear mixed models.RESULTS: In total, 42% (n=59) of participants returned usable device-measured PA data (mean age= 56±10 years, 73% male). Device-measured and self-reported vigorous-intensity PA were correlated (β= -0.02, 95%CI= -0.03, -0.00). No associations were found for moderate-intensity PA. Compared to usual care, time spent in device-measured light-intensity PA increased in the aerobic exercise group (∆= 357, 95%CI= 709, 5.24). Increases in device-measured light-intensity PA were associated with fewer standard drinks (∆= -0.24, 95%CI= -0.03, -0.44), and fewer heavy drinking days (∆= -0.06, 95%CI=-0.01, -0.10).CONCLUSION: Increases in light-intensity/habitual PA were associated with less alcohol consumption in adults with AUD. Self-reported PA data should be interpreted with caution. Incentives are needed to obtain device-measured PA data in AUD populations.
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| 42. |
- Hallgren, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Effects of acute exercise on craving, mood and anxiety in non-treatment seeking adults with alcohol use disorder : An exploratory study.
- 2021
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 220
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exercise is increasingly being used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We examined the short-term effects of acute exercise on alcohol craving, mood states and state anxiety in physically inactive, non-treatment seeking adults with AUD.METHODS: Exploratory, single-arm study. In total, 140 adults with AUD (53.7 ± 11.8 years; 70 % female) were included in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to study effects of physical activity on alcohol consumption. This acute exercise study was nested within the larger RCT. The intervention was a 12-minute sub-maximal fitness test performed on a cycle ergometer. Participants self-rated their desire for alcohol (DAQ) and completed mood (POMS-Brief) and state anxiety (STAI-Y1) questionnaires 30-minutes before exercise, immediately before, immediately after, and 30-minutes post. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected. Effects of exercise were assessed using RM-ANOVA and dependent sample t-tests with effect sizes (Hedges g).RESULTS: In total, 70.6 % had mild or moderate AUD (DSM-5 criteria = 4.9 ± 2). The intervention was generally perceived as 'strenuous' (RPE = 16.1 ± 1.6). In the total sample, there was a main effect of time with reductions in alcohol craving [F(3,411) = 27.33, p < 0.001], mood disturbance [F(3,411) = 53.44, p < 0.001], and state anxiety [F(3,411) = 3.83, p = 0.013]. Between-group analyses indicated larger magnitude effects in those with severe compared to mild AUD, however, AUD severity did not significantly moderate the within-group improvements: group x time interaction for alcohol craving [F(6,411) = 1.21, p = 0.305]. Positive effects of exercise were maintained 30-minutes post-exercise.CONCLUSION: A short bout of aerobic exercise reduced alcohol craving and improved mood states in adults with AUD.
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| 43. |
- Ho, Ada M-C, et al.
(author)
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Correlations between sex-related hormones, alcohol dependence and alcohol craving
- 2019
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 197, s. 183-190
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sex-related differences in the susceptibility, progression, and treatment response in alcohol-dependent subjects have been repeatedly reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of the sex-related hormone/protein levels with alcohol dependence (AD) and alcohol craving in male and female subjects.Methods: Plasma sex-related hormones (estradiol, estrone, total testosterone, progesterone, follicle stimulated hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone), and sex hormone binding globulin were measured by mass spectrometry or automated immunoassays from 44 recently-abstained subjects (29 males and 15 females; mean age = 45.9 ± 15.6) meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for AD and 44 age-, sex- and race-matched non-AD controls. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to examine the association of sex-related hormone and protein levels with AD risk, accounting for matching variables. Their associations with alcohol craving scales (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Inventory of Drug-Taking Situations) were assessed in AD subjects.Results: Plasma FSH level was significantly higher in AD males (10.3 ± 9.8 IU/L) than control males (8.0 ± 15.9 IU/L; p = 0.005, pcorrected = 0.035). We also found a significant inverse correlation of FSH level with propensity to drink in negative emotional situations (Spearman’s rho=-.540; p = 0.021) and positive correlations between progesterone level and craving intensity (Spearman’s rho=.464; p = 0.020) and between total testosterone level and propensity to drink under temptations (adjusted for no-drinking days; β=6.496; p = 0.041) in AD males.Conclusions: These results suggest that FSH, progesterone, and testosterone levels may be associated with AD and alcohol craving in AD males. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and investigate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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| 44. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(author)
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All-cause mortality in criminal justice clients with substance use problems-A prospective follow-up study.
- 2013
-
In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 132:3, s. 499-504
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mortality in previously incarcerated individuals is known to be elevated, with high proportions of drug-related deaths. However, there is less documentation of whether specific substance use patterns and other clinical characteristics predict increased mortality in the group. METHODS: This is a follow-up study of mortality and causes of death in ex-prisoners with substance use problems prior to incarceration (N=4081), who were followed during an average of 3.6 years from release from prison until death or until data were censored. Baseline predictors of mortality, derived from interviews with Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in prison, were studied in a Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: During follow-up, 166 subjects (4.1%) died. Standardized mortality ratios were 7.0 (3.6-12.2) for females and 7.7 (5.6-9.0) for males. In 84% of cases, deaths were unnatural or due to substance-related disease. Most common causes of death were accidental poisoning (27%), transport accidents (13%), poisoning/injury with undetermined intent (12%), and suicide (10%). Death was positively predicted by heroin use, overdose, and age, and negatively predicted by a history of depression. CONCLUSIONS: A vast majority of deaths after release from prison in individuals with substance use are due to violent or substance-related causes. Significant predictors identified were mainly related to patterns of drug use, and need to be addressed upon incarceration as risk factors of death. The findings have implications for referral and treatment upon release from prison.
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| 45. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(author)
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Associations between polysubstance use and psychiatric problems in a criminal justice population in Sweden.
- 2011
-
In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 118:1, s. 5-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Polysubstance use is common in substance users, and may complicate their clinical course. This study, in a criminal justice setting in Sweden, examines the association between the number of concurrently used substance types and psychiatric symptoms during 30 days before incarceration, while controlling for background variables such as family history (drug and alcohol problems, psychiatric problems, criminality), demographic data and history of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. METHODS: The data material comprised 5659 criminal justice clients reporting a substance use problem, examined with the Addiction Severity Index. Variables were compared in a multinomial regression analysis, comparing clients reporting one (n=1877), two (n=1408), three (n=956), four (n=443) and five or more (n=167) substance types. RESULTS: The 30-day prevalence of most psychiatric symptoms included in the study (depression, anxiety, cognitive problems, hallucinations, difficulty controlling violent behaviour, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts) was higher in individuals with a higher number of concurrent substance types used. In multinomial regression analysis, while controlling for background variables, these associations remained for concurrent suicidal ideation, cognitive problems, hallucinations and violent behaviour, with the latter two being associated with the higher numbers of substance types. Binge alcohol drinking, tranquilizers, opioids and the number of substance types reported were associated with several of the psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In the present criminal justice setting in Sweden, the use of multiple substance types and concurrent psychiatric symptoms appear to be associated, and a sub-group reporting particularly high numbers of concurrent substance types are particularly likely to report potentially severe psychiatric problems.
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| 46. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(author)
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Factors associated with history of non-fatal overdose among opioid users in the Swedish criminal justice system.
- 2008
-
In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 94:1-3, s. 48-55
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Overdose (OD) is a common cause of death in opioid users. Also, many current opioid users report a history of non-fatal OD. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with a history of non-fatal OD. METHODS: A sample of 7085 Swedish criminal justice clients with alcohol or drug misuse was assessed, using the Addiction Severity Index. Subjects reporting use of opioids during the 30 days prior to incarceration were included (n=1113). Relevant variables of misuse pattern, heredity, psychiatric symptoms and previous criminal charges were analysed in a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A history of non-fatal OD was reported by 55% (n=604). The estimated contribution to the variance in OD history was 25% for variables describing misuse pattern, compared to 10% for psychiatric symptoms, 8% for heredity, and 8% for previous criminal charges. The final model included the following variables: history of injection drug use (OR 3.28), history of heroin use (OR 2.87), history of suicide attempt (OR 1.92), history of tranquilliser use (OR 1.91), being born in Sweden or other Nordic countries (OR 1.74), difficulty in controlling violent behaviour (OR 1.68), and paternal alcohol problems (OR 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Suicide attempts and difficulty in controlling violent behaviour were associated with history of non-fatal OD, independent of variables of misuse pattern. This may indicate a possible association with impulse control disturbances, and may have clinical applications. Country of birth and heredity of alcohol problems also had some influence. As expected, severity of misuse most strongly contributed to history of non-fatal OD.
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| 47. |
- Ismail, Midean, et al.
(author)
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A cross-over study of postprandial effects from moist snuff and red wine on metabolic rate, appetite-related hormones and glucose
- 2022
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 236
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To compare acute effects of moist snuff with or without nicotine and red wine with or without alcohol on prandial hormones and metabolism.Basic procedures and methods: Two deciliters of wine, with or without alcohol, were taken together with a standardized supervised meal in 14 healthy women and men. All participants also combined the meal with usage of with moist snuff, with or without nicotine. The snuff was replaced hourly at each of the four settings, i.e. snuff with or without nicotine combined with red wine with or without alcohol, that started at 0800 oclock and were finished at noon.Main findings: We found ghrelin levels to be more efficiently suppressed when drinking red wine with alcohol compared to non-alcoholic wine by analyzing area under the curve (AUC). AUC for regular wine was 370 +/- 98 pg/ml x hours and 559 +/- 154 pg/ml x hours for de-alcoholized red wine, p < 0.0001 by general linear model. The postprandial metabolic rate was further elevated following alcohol containing red wine compared with nonalcoholic red wine (p = 0.022). Although glucose levels were not uniformly lower after alcoholic red wine, we found lowered glucose levels 3 h after the meal (mean glucose wine: 4.38 +/- 0.96 mmol/l, non-alcoholic wine: 4.81 +/- 0.77 mmol/l, p = 0.005). Nicotine-containing moist snuff (AUC: 1406 +/- 149 nmol/ml x hours) elevated the levels of serum cortisol compared with nicotine-free snuff (AUC: 1268 +/- 119 nmol/ml x hours, p = 0.005). We found no effects of nicotine or alcohol on feelings of satiety.Conclusions: Alcohol in red wine augmented the postprandial suppression of ghrelin and it also lowered postprandial glucose 3 h post-meal. These effects are in line with observational trials linking regular intake of moderate amounts of red wine with lower risk for diabetes.
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| 48. |
- Jiang, Heng, et al.
(author)
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Price elasticity of on- and off-premises demand for alcoholic drinks : A Tobit analysis
- 2016
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 163, s. 222-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Understanding how price policies will affect alcohol consumption requires estimates of the impact of price on consumption among different types of drinkers and across different consumption settings. This study aims to estimate how changes in price could affect alcohol demand across different beverages, different settings (on-premise, e.g., bars, restaurants and off-premise, e.g., liquor stores, supermarkets), and different levels of drinking and income. Methods: Tobit analysis is employed to estimate own- and cross-price elasticities of alcohol demand among 11 subcategories of beverage based on beverage type and on- or off-premise supply, using cross-sectional data from the Australian arm of the International Alcohol Control Survey 2013. Further elasticity estimates were derived for sub-groups of drinkers based on their drinking and income levels. Results: The results suggest that demand for nearly every subcategory of alcohol significantly responds to its own price change, except for on-premise spirits and ready-to-drink spirits. The estimated demand for off-premise beverages is more strongly affected by own price changes than the same beverages in on-premise settings. Demand for off-premise regular beer and off-premise cask wine is more price responsive than demand for other beverages. Harmful drinkers and lower income groups appear more price responsive than moderate drinkers and higher income groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that alcohol price policies, such as increasing alcohol taxes or introducing a minimum unit price, can reduce alcohol demand. Price appears to be particularly effective for reducing consumption and as well as alcohol-related harm among harmful drinkers and lower income drinkers.
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| 49. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Does the familial transmission of drinking patterns persist into young adulthood? A 10-year follow up
- 2016
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 168, s. 45-51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundParental drinking has been shown to be associated with offspring drinking. However, the relationship appears to be more complex than often assumed and few studies have tracked it over longer time periods.AimsTo explore the long-term (10-year) transmission of familial drinking during adolescence to offspring drinking patterns in young adulthood.DesignSwedish longitudinal study, assessing the relationship between familial drinking in 2000 and offspring drinking in 2010 using simultaneous quantile regression analysis (n = 744).DataData on familial drinking was gathered from the Swedish level-of-living surveys (LNU) and from partner LNU in 2000 while data on offspring drinking in young adulthood was gathered from LNU 2010. Drinking among offspring, parents and potential stepparents was measured through identical quantity-frequency indices referring to the past 12 months in 2010 and 2000 respectively.ResultsYoung adults whose families were abstainers in 2000 drank substantially less across quintiles in 2010 than offspring of non-abstaining families. The difference, however, was not statistically significant between quintiles of the conditional distribution. Actual drinking levels in drinking families were not at all or weakly associated with drinking in offspring. Supplementary analyses confirmed these patterns.ConclusionThe association between familial drinking and offspring drinking in young adulthood exhibits clear non-linear trends. Changes in the lower part of the familial drinking distribution are strongly related to drinking in young adults, but the actual levels of drinking in drinking families appear less important in shaping the drinking patterns of the offspring in young adulthood.
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| 50. |
- Kendler, Ken, et al.
(author)
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A population-based Swedish Twin and Sibling Study of cannabis, stimulant and sedative abuse in men.
- 2015
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 149:Jan 28, s. 49-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prior studies, utilizing interview-based assessments, suggest that most of the genetic risk factors for drug abuse (DA) are non-specific with a minority acting specifically on risk for abuse of particular psychoactive substance classes. We seek to replicate these findings using objective national registry data.
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